内容正文:
教科版(2024) UNIT 4 Lost and found.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
单词速记
1
describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ v. 描述
过去式:described;过去分词:described
description n. 描述
1. describe...as...(把……描述为……)2. describe sth. to sb.(向某人描述某物)
1. She described the city as a beautiful garden.(她把这座城市描述成一个美丽的花园。)2. Can you describe your new friend to me?(你能给我描述一下你的新朋友吗?)派生词例句:His description of the trip made us want to go.(他对这次旅行的描述让我们想去。)
“de-(加强)+scribe(写)”→ 把事物写清楚→ 描述
2
lose /luːz/ v. 丢失
过去式:lost;过去分词:lost
无
1. lose one's way(迷路)2. lose sth.(丢失某物)
1. Don't walk alone at night, or you may lose your way.(晚上别独自走路,否则你可能会迷路。)2. He lost his mobile phone on the bus yesterday.(他昨天在公交车上丢了手机。)
联想“lose(丢失)→ 丢了(lost)就找不到了”
3
aquarium /əˈkweəriəm/ n. 水族馆
复数:aquariums
无
无(初中阶段主要考词义识别)
1. We went to the aquarium and saw many kinds of fish.(我们去了水族馆,看到了很多种鱼。)2. The new aquarium in our city will open next month.(我们城市的新水族馆下个月将开放。)
“aqua(水)+rium(场所)”→ 放水生生物的场所→ 水族馆
4
office /ˈɒfɪs/ n. 办公楼;办公室
复数:offices
official adj. 官方的;n. 官员
1. in the office(在办公室里)2. office building(办公楼)
1. My father is working in the office now.(我爸爸现在正在办公室工作。)2. There is a tall office building near our school.(我们学校附近有一栋高高的办公楼。)派生词例句:This is an official notice from the school.(这是学校的官方通知。)
“off(办公)+ice”→ 办公的地方→ 办公室;办公楼
5
bank /bæŋk/ n. 银行
复数:banks
无
1. in the bank(在银行里)2. go to the bank(去银行)
1. My mother goes to the bank every month to save money.(我妈妈每个月都去银行存钱。)2. There is a bank across from the supermarket.(超市对面有一家银行。)
联想“去银行(bank)存钱,钱会‘存’在里面”
6
pool /puːl/ n. 游泳池
复数:pools
无
1. swimming pool(游泳池)2. in the pool(在游泳池里)
1. We often go swimming in the pool in summer.(夏天我们经常去游泳池游泳。)2. The pool in our community is very clean.(我们小区的游泳池很干净。)
“pool”发音像“泡”→ 泡在水里的地方→ 游泳池
7
lost /lɒst/ adj. 丢失的(lose的过去式)
作为形容词:无比较级、最高级;作为动词过去式:原形lose,过去分词lost
无
1. be lost(丢失;迷路)2. get lost(迷路)
1. My schoolbag is lost. I need to find it.(我的书包丢了,我需要找到它。)2. If you get lost in the park, ask the staff for help.(如果你在公园里迷路了,向工作人员求助。)
“lose的过去式”,也表“丢失的”,联想“丢了(lost)就着急”
8
ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的
比较级:more ancient;最高级:most ancient
无
1. ancient times(古代)2. ancient buildings(古建筑)
1. There are many stories about heroes in ancient times.(古代有很多关于英雄的故事。)2. We visited some ancient buildings in Xi'an last year.(去年我们在西安参观了一些古建筑。)
“an-(前)+cient(年)”→ 年前的→ 古代的
9
lively /ˈlaɪvli/ adj. 生机勃勃的
比较级:livelier;最高级:liveliest
无
1. lively atmosphere(活跃的气氛)2. a lively girl(一个活泼的女孩)
1. The party has a lively atmosphere. Everyone is happy.(派对气氛活跃,每个人都很开心。)2. My little sister is a lively girl who likes singing.(我妹妹是个喜欢唱歌的活泼女孩。)
“live(活的)+ly”→ 充满活力的→ 生机勃勃的
10
CE /ˌsiː ˈiː/ 公元
无词形变化
无
无(初中阶段主要考词义识别,常与BC“公元前”对比)
1. This building was built in 500 CE.(这座建筑建于公元500年。)2. Many great events happened in CE 1000.(公元1000年发生了很多重大事件。)
“Common Era”的缩写,意为“公元”,联想“CE→ 公元后”
11
volcano /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ n. 火山
复数:volcanoes/volcanos
volcanic adj. 火山的
无(初中阶段主要考词义识别)
1. The volcano erupted last year and destroyed many houses.(这座火山去年喷发了,摧毁了很多房子。)2. We learned about volcanoes in geography class.(我们在地理课上学过火山。)派生词例句:This area has volcanic rock.(这个地区有火山岩。)
联想“火山(volcano)会喷发(blow)出岩浆”
12
blow /bləʊ/ v. 吹
过去式:blew;过去分词:blown
无
1. blow away(吹走)2. blow out(吹灭)
1. The strong wind blew away the leaves on the ground.(大风把地上的树叶吹走了。)2. Can you blow out the candles on the cake?(你能吹灭蛋糕上的蜡烛吗?)
“b+low(低)”→ 风往低处吹→ 吹
13
ash /æʃ/ n. 灰烬
复数:ashes
无
无(初中阶段主要考词义识别,常与volcano搭配)
1. After the fire, there was only ash left in the house.(火灾后,房子里只剩下灰烬。)2. The volcano left a lot of ash on the ground.(火山在地上留下了很多灰烬。)
联想“火灭了(ash)就剩灰”
14
sky /skaɪ/ n. 天空
复数:skies(强调“多片天空”时用,日常常用单数)
无
1. in the sky(在天空中)2. blue sky(蓝天)
1. There are many stars in the sky at night.(晚上天空中有很多星星。)2. The blue sky and white clouds look very beautiful.(蓝天和白云看起来很美。)
“sky”发音像“思盖”→ 思考天空的盖子→ 天空
15
flow /fləʊ/ v. 流动
过去式:flowed;过去分词:flowed
flowing adj. 流动的
1. flow down(流下)2. flow into(流入)
1. The river flows down from the mountain.(这条河从山上流下来。)2. The water flows into the lake.(水流入湖里。)派生词例句:We can see the flowing water in the river.(我们能看到河里流动的水。)
“f+low(低)”→ 往低处动→ 流动
16
gas /ɡæs/ n. 气体
复数:gases/gasses
gaseous adj. 气体的
无(初中阶段主要考词义识别)
1. Air is a mixture of different gases.(空气是不同气体的混合物。)2. We use gas to cook food at home.(我们家里用燃气做饭。)派生词例句:Oxygen is a gaseous substance.(氧气是一种气态物质。)
联想“煤气(gas)是气体,能燃烧”
17
fill /fɪl/ v. 充满
过去式:filled;过去分词:filled
filling n. 填充物;filling adj. 满的
1. fill...with...(用……装满……)2. be filled with(被……充满)
1. She filled the bottle with water.(她把瓶子装满了水。)2. The room is filled with beautiful flowers.(房间里摆满了漂亮的花。)派生词例句:The cake has a chocolate filling.(这个蛋糕有巧克力馅。)
“fill”发音像“非哦”→ 把空的“非”变成满的→ 充满
18
disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə/ v. 消失
过去式:disappeared;过去分词:disappeared
disappearance n. 消失
disappear from(从……消失)
1. The sun disappeared behind the clouds.(太阳消失在云层后面。)2. The old house disappeared from the street last year.(那栋老房子去年从这条街上消失了。)派生词例句:The disappearance of the cat made her sad.(猫的失踪让她很伤心。)
“dis-(否定)+appear(出现)”→ 不出现→ 消失
19
heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. 遗产
复数:heritages(侧重“多种遗产”时用)
无
cultural heritage(文化遗产)
1. The Great Wall is an important cultural heritage of China.(长城是中国重要的文化遗产。)2. We should protect our national heritage.(我们应该保护我们的民族遗产。)
“herit(继承)+age(名词后缀)”→ 继承下来的东西→ 遗产
20
site /saɪt/ n. 遗址;场所
复数:sites
无
1. historical site(历史遗址)2. building site(建筑工地)
1. We visited a historical site in Beijing last week.(上周我们参观了北京的一处历史遗址。)2. There are many workers on the building site.(建筑工地上有很多工人。)
“site”发音像“赛特”→ 特定的“赛特”地点→ 遗址;场所
21
empty /ˈempti/ adj. 无人的;空的
比较级:emptier;最高级:emptiest;动词(使空):过去式emptied,过去分词emptied
emptiness n. 空;空虚
1. be empty(是空的;无人的)2. empty sth.(把某物倒空)
1. The classroom is empty. All students have gone home.(教室没人了,所有学生都回家了。)2. She emptied the box and put the books in it.(她把盒子倒空,把书放了进去。)派生词例句:He felt a sense of emptiness after his friend left.(朋友离开后,他感到一种空虚。)
“em-(使)+pty(空)”→ 使空的→ 空的;无人的
22
could /kʊd/ v. 能(can的过去式)
无词形变化(情态动词,无单复数、人称变化)
无
1. could do sth.(能做某事,表过去能力)2. could sb. do sth.?(某人能做某事吗?表委婉请求)
1. He could swim when he was five years old.(他五岁时就会游泳了。)2. Could you please pass me the pen?(你能把笔递给我吗?)
“can的过去式”,联想“过去能(could)做的事”
23
imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ v. 想象
过去式:imagined;过去分词:imagined
1. imagination n. 想象力2. imaginative adj. 富有想象力的
imagine doing sth.(想象做某事)
1. I can't imagine living without water.(我无法想象没有水的生活。)2. She imagines herself flying like a bird.(她想象自己像鸟一样飞。)派生词例句1:Children have a strong imagination.(孩子们有很强的想象力。)派生词例句2:He is an imaginative writer.(他是一位富有想象力的作家。)
“im-(进入)+agine(形象)”→ 进入形象→ 想象
24
theatre /ˈθɪətə/ n. 剧场;剧院
复数:theatres
theatrical adj. 戏剧的
1. in the theatre(在剧院里)2. go to the theatre(去看戏)
1. We watched a play in the theatre last night.(昨晚我们在剧院看了一场戏剧。)2. My parents often go to the theatre on weekends.(我父母周末经常去看戏。)派生词例句:She has a theatrical style of speaking.(她说话有戏剧化的风格。)
“theat(戏剧)+re(名词后缀)”→ 演戏剧的地方→ 剧场
25
survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 幸存;存活
过去式:survived;过去分词:survived
survival n. 幸存;survivor n. 幸存者
survive from(从……中幸存)
1. Only a few people survived from the accident.(只有少数人从这场事故中幸存下来。)2. The plant can survive in dry weather.(这种植物能在干燥的天气里存活。)派生词例句1:His survival in the fire was a miracle.(他在火灾中幸存是个奇迹。)派生词例句2:The survivors were sent to the hospital.(幸存者被送到了医院。)
“sur-(超过)+vive(活)”→ 活得比……久→ 幸存
26
disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə/ n. 灾难
复数:disasters
disastrous adj. 灾难性的
natural disaster(自然灾害)
1. Earthquakes and floods are common natural disasters.(地震和洪水是常见的自然灾害。)2. The disaster brought a lot of trouble to the people.(这场灾难给人们带来了很多麻烦。)派生词例句:The storm had a disastrous effect on the crops.(这场暴风雨对庄稼产生了灾难性的影响。)
“dis-(坏)+aster(星)”→ 坏星出现→ 古人认为坏星预示灾难→ 灾难
27
experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ n. 经历;经验
复数:experiences(表“经历”时可数,表“经验”时不可数);v.(经历):过去式experienced,过去分词experienced
experienced adj. 有经验的
1. have experience in(在……方面有经验)2. an interesting experience(一次有趣的经历)
1. He has rich experience in teaching English.(他在教英语方面有丰富的经验。)2. Traveling to Tibet was an unforgettable experience for her.(去西藏旅行对她来说是一次难忘的经历。)派生词例句:She is an experienced doctor.(她是一位有经验的医生。)
“ex-(出)+peri(尝试)+ence”→ 尝试出来的东西→ 经验;经历
28
tour /tʊə/ n. 旅游;旅行
复数:tours;v.(旅游):过去式toured,过去分词toured
1. tourist n. 游客2. tourism n. 旅游业
1. take a tour(去旅游)2. tour around(环游)
1. We will take a tour to Yunnan next month.(下个月我们要去云南旅游。)2. They toured around Europe last summer.(去年夏天他们环游了欧洲。)派生词例句1:Many tourists come to this city every year.(每年有很多游客来这座城市。)派生词例句2:Tourism is an important industry in this country.(旅游业是这个国家的重要产业。)
“tour”发音像“途”→ 旅途→ 旅游
29
guide /ɡaɪd/ n. 导游;向导
复数:guides;v.(引导):过去式guided,过去分词guided
guidance n. 指导
1. a tour guide(一名导游)2. guide sb.(引导某人)
1. Our tour guide told us many stories about the old town.(我们的导游给我们讲了很多关于这座古镇的故事。)2. She guided the little girl across the street.(她引导小女孩过了马路。)派生词例句:Students need the teacher's guidance in study.(学生在学习上需要老师的指导。)
“guide”发音像“盖得”→ 盖着路引导→ 导游;引导
30
destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 破坏;摧毁
过去式:destroyed;过去分词:destroyed
destruction n. 破坏;destructive adj. 破坏性的
destroy sth.(破坏某物)
1. The big fire destroyed the old temple.(这场大火摧毁了那座古老的寺庙。)2. Wars always destroy many homes and lives.(战争总是会破坏很多家园和生命。)派生词例句1:The destruction of the forest is bad for the environment.(森林的破坏对环境不利。)派生词例句2:The storm is very destructive.(这场暴风雨破坏性很强。)
“de-(否定)+stroy(建造)”→ 把建造的东西毁掉→ 破坏
31
bury /ˈberi/ v. 掩埋;埋葬
过去式:buried;过去分词:buried
burial n. 埋葬
bury sth. in(把某物埋在……里)
1. They buried the dead dog in the garden.(他们把死去的狗埋在了花园里。)2. The ancient people buried their treasures in the ground.(古人把他们的珍宝埋在地下。)派生词例句:The burial of the king was held last week.(国王的葬礼上周举行了。)
“bury”发音像“拜瑞”→ 拜别后埋葬→ 掩埋
32
mask /mɑːsk/ n. 面具;口罩
复数:masks;v.(戴面具;掩饰):过去式masked,过去分词masked
无
1. wear a mask(戴面具;戴口罩)2. a Halloween mask(万圣节面具)
1. We should wear a mask when we have a cold.(感冒时我们应该戴口罩。)2. He bought a scary mask for Halloween.(他为万圣节买了一个吓人的面具。)
联想“面具(mask)能遮住脸,口罩(mask)能遮住嘴”
33
discover /dɪˈskʌvə/ v. 发现
过去式:discovered;过去分词:discovered
discovery n. 发现(同序号35)
discover sth.(发现某物)
1. Columbus discovered America in 1492.(哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。)2. She discovered a new way to solve the problem.(她发现了一种解决这个问题的新方法。)派生词例句:The discovery of penicillin helped many people.(青霉素的发现帮助了很多人。)
“dis-(打开)+cover(覆盖)”→ 打开覆盖物→ 发现
34
field /fiːld/ n. 田地;领域
复数:fields
无
1. in the field(在田地里;在领域里)2. a rice field(稻田)
1. Farmers are working in the field.(农民们正在田地里干活。)2. He is an expert in the field of science.(他是科学领域的专家。)
“field”发音像“非尔德”→ 开阔的“非尔德”地方→ 田地
35
discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现
复数:discoveries
无(派生词原形为discover,见序号33)
make a discovery(做出一项发现)
1. Edison made many important discoveries in his life.(爱迪生一生做出了很多重要的发现。)2. The discovery of oil changed this small town.(石油的发现改变了这个小镇。)
“discover(发现,动词)+y(名词后缀)”→ 发现的事物→ 发现
36
treasure /ˈtreʒə/ n. 珍宝;财富
复数:treasures;v.(珍视):过去式treasured,过去分词treasured
无
1. a box of treasure(一箱珍宝)2. treasure sth.(珍视某物)
1. The pirates hid their treasure on the island.(海盗们把他们的珍宝藏在了岛上。)2. We should treasure our time with family.(我们应该珍视和家人在一起的时间。)
联想“珍宝(treasure)很珍贵,要好好藏起来”
37
machine /məˈʃiːn/ n. 机器
复数:machines
mechanical adj. 机械的
1. a washing machine(洗衣机)2. use a machine(使用机器)
1. My mother bought a new washing machine last week.(我妈妈上周买了一台新洗衣机。)2. This machine can help us finish the work quickly.(这台机器能帮我们快速完成工作。)派生词例句:The toy has a mechanical part.(这个玩具有一个机械部件。)
“mach(机器)+ine”→ 机器
38
coin /kɔɪn/ n. 硬币
复数:coins;v.(铸造硬币):过去式coined,过去分词coined
无
1. a silver coin(一枚银币)2. drop a coin(掉一枚硬币)
1. He found a small coin on the ground.(他在地上发现了一枚小硬币。)2. She dropped a coin into the vending machine.(她往自动售货机里投了一枚硬币。)
“coin”发音像“困”→ 硬币圆圆的,像“困”字的口→ 硬币
39
dig /dɪɡ/ v. 挖掘
过去式:dug;过去分词:dug
digging n. 挖掘
1. dig a hole(挖一个洞)2. dig up(挖出)
1. The children are digging a hole in the sand.(孩子们正在沙子里挖洞。)2. They dug up some old coins in the field.(他们在田里挖出了一些旧硬币。)派生词例句:The digging work will take two weeks.(挖掘工作需要两周时间。)
联想“挖(dig)土会弄脏(dirty)手”
40
unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 异常的;不寻常的
比较级:more unusual;最高级:most unusual
unusually adv. 异常地
be unusual(是异常的)
1. It is unusual to snow in May here.(这里五月份下雪是很异常的。)2. She has an unusual hobby of collecting stamps.(她有一个不寻常的爱好——集邮。)派生词例句:The weather is unusually cold today.(今天天气异常冷。)
“un-(不)+usual(平常的)”→ 不平常的→ 异常的
41
sir /sɜː/ n. 先生
无复数(对男性的尊称,单独使用)
无
1. Excuse me, sir.(打扰一下,先生。)2. Thank you, sir.(谢谢您,先生。)
1. Excuse me, sir. Where is the nearest bank?(打扰一下,先生。最近的银行在哪里?)2. Sir, can you help me carry this box?(先生,您能帮我搬这个箱子吗?)
日常尊称,联想“对男士说sir,表礼貌”
42
host /həʊst/ n. 主人;主持人
复数:hosts;v.(主办;主持):过去式hosted,过去分词hosted
hostess n. 女主人;女主持人
1. a host of a party(派对的主人)2. host a show(主持一场节目)
1. The host welcomed all the guests to his house.(主人欢迎所有客人来到他家。)2. She will host a new TV show next month.(下个月她将主持一档新的电视节目。)派生词例句:The hostess prepared delicious food for us.(女主人为我们准备了美味的食物。)
“host”发音像“后斯特”→ 后面招待的人→ 主人;主持人
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cost /kɒst/ v. 需支付;花费
过去式:cost;过去分词:cost;n.(费用):复数costs
无
1. sth. cost(s) sb. + 钱(某物花了某人多少钱)2. the cost of(……的费用)
1. This book cost me 20 yuan.(这本书花了我20元。)2. What is the cost of this computer?(这台电脑的费用是多少?)
联想“买东西要花(cost)钱,钱就是费用(cost)”
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passport /ˈpɑːspɔːt/ n. 护照
复数:passports
无
1. a valid passport(有效的护照)2. show one's passport(出示护照)
1. You need a passport when you go abroad.(出国时你需要护照。)2. The officer asked him to show his passport.(官员让他出示护照。)
“pass(通过)+port(港口)”→ 通过港口需要的证件→ 护照
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panic /ˈpænɪk/ v. 恐慌;惊慌
过去式:panicked;过去分词:panicked;n.(恐慌):复数panics
panicked adj. 恐慌的
1. panic about(对……恐慌)2. be in panic(处于恐慌中)
1. Don't panic about the exam. You have prepared well.(别对考试恐慌,你已经准备得很好了。)2. People were in panic when the fire broke out.(火灾发生时,人们处于恐慌中。)派生词例句:He had a panicked look on his face.(他脸上露出恐慌的表情。)
“panic”发音像“盼尼克”→ 遇到危险“盼尼克”(怕)→ 恐慌
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calm /kɑːm/ adj. 平静的;镇定的;v. 镇定;平静
比较级:calmer;最高级:calmest;动词过去式:calmed,过去分词:calmed
calmly adv. 平静地;镇定地
1. stay calm(保持镇定)2. calm down(平静下来)
1. You must stay calm when you face danger.(面对危险时,你必须保持镇定。)2. Take a deep breath and calm down.(深呼吸,平静下来。)派生词例句:She spoke calmly to the angry man.(她平静地对那个生气的男人说话。)
“calm”发音像“卡姆”→ 遇事“卡姆”(沉)住气→ 镇定的
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