内容正文:
专题01 句子成分与基本句型(期中复习讲义)
年份
卷别
考点
考情分析
2025
北京卷
名词性从句;定语从句
【考向透视】
分析近年高考真题可知,高考对句子种类考查全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多。在阅读理解、七选五和完形填空中,熟练掌握句子结构和种类是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。长难句中对并列句和复合句的综合考查也呈上升趋势。语法填空中对并列句和复合句的考查几乎每年都会涉及到。写作中读懂原文,熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。
【复习目标】
1. 掌握句子成分、句子的基本结构和类型。
2.熟练运用表示不同逻辑关系的并列连词。
3..强化在复杂语境中理解长难句的能力。
新高考I卷
定语从句;and
新高考II卷
定语从句
浙江卷
定语从句
2024
新高考II卷
and ;定语从句
新高考I卷
名词性从句
浙江卷
名词性从句;定语从句
全国甲卷
定语从句
2023
新高考I卷
or
新高考II卷
and;名词性从句
浙江卷
名词性从句
全国乙卷
and; but;定语从句
句子成分
知识点01 主语(subject)
句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分),常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。
Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。
知识点02 谓语(verb)
谓语,对主语进行描述,通常位于句子后面(部分),谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当,必须体现为某一时态形式。
Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言语。
He will come next week. 他下星期来。
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 玛丽自1994年以来一直在那家服装店工作。
知识点02 宾语(object)
宾语是动作的承受者,通常位于及物动词或介词之后,用于补充说明动作作用的对象。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指动作直接作用的对象,间接宾语指动作受益的对象或动作的方向。能充当宾语的词或结构与主语类似,包括名词、代词、动名词、不定式和从句等。
She bought a new dress yesterday.(她昨天买了一条新裙子。)—— 名词作直接宾语
My mother gave me a wonderful birthday present.(我妈妈给了我一份很棒的生日礼物。)
——me 是间接宾语,a wonderful birthday present 是直接宾语
He enjoys reading science fiction novels.(他喜欢读科幻小说。)—— 动名词短语作宾语
They decided to visit the historical museum this weekend.(他们决定这个周末去参观历史博物馆。)
—— 不定式短语作宾语
I don't know whether he will attend the meeting tomorrow.(我不知道他明天是否会参加会议。)
—— 从句作宾语
知识点 04 表语(predicative)
表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份、状态或所处的位置等,它必须与系动词连用,共同构成句子的谓语部分(系表结构),通常位于系动词之后。常见的系动词有 be 动词、感官动词(look, sound, smell, taste, feel)、变化类动词(become, get, turn, grow)以及表示状态持续的动词(remain, stay, keep)等。可充当表语的有形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。
The flowers in the garden are very beautiful.(花园里的花非常漂亮。)—— 形容词作表语
His dream is to become a famous scientist.(他的梦想是成为一名著名的科学家。)—— 不定式短语作表语
This book is mine.(这本书是我的。)—— 代词作表语
The children are in the classroom.(孩子们在教室里。)—— 介词短语作表语
What makes him happy is that he has passed the exam.(让他开心的是他通过了考试。)—— 从句作表语
知识点 05 定语(attribute)
定语用于修饰、限定名词或代词,说明其性质、特征、数量、所属等信息,使被修饰的名词或代词更加具体明确。定语可分为前置定语和后置定语,前置定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、数词等充当,位于被修饰词之前;后置定语通常由介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、定语从句等充当,位于被修饰词之后。
She has a red leather bag.(她有一个红色的皮包。)—— 形容词 red 和名词 leather 作前置定语
The man in the black coat is my uncle.(穿黑色外套的那个男人是我叔叔。)—— 介词短语作后置定语
I have a lot of work to do this afternoon.(今天下午我有很多工作要做。)—— 不定式短语作后置定语
The girl standing at the door is my best friend.(站在门口的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。)—— 现在分词短语作后置定语
This is the book that I borrowed from the library yesterday.(这是我昨天从图书馆借的书。)—— 定语从句作后置定语
知识点 06 状语(adverbial)
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、程度、条件、让步、目的、结果等情况,使句子的表达更加丰富、准确。状语的位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末,常见的形式有副词、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、状语从句等。
He runs fast in the playground every morning.(他每天早上在操场上跑得很快。)
—— 副词 fast 表程度,介词短语 in the playground 表地点,every morning 表时间
She stayed at home because she was ill.(因为生病了,她待在家里。)—— 原因状语从句
To improve his English, he practices speaking every day.(为了提高英语水平,他每天都练习口语。)
—— 不定式短语作目的状语
Although it rained heavily, they still went to school on time.(尽管雨下得很大,他们还是按时去上学了。)
—— 让步状语从句
He spoke so loudly that everyone in the room could hear him.(他说话声音很大,房间里的每个人都能听到。)—— 结果状语从句
知识点 07 宾语补足语(object complement)
宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的性质、状态、特征或动作,与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,它通常位于宾语之后,常见的结构为 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”。能充当宾语补足语的有形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。
We elected him our monitor.(我们选他当我们的班长。)—— 名词作宾语补足语
The good news made her happy.(这个好消息让她很开心。)—— 形容词作宾语补足语
My parents asked me to finish my homework first.(我父母让我先完成作业。)——不定式短语作宾语补足语
I found the window broken when I got home.(我回家时发现窗户破了。)—— 过去分词作宾语补足语
They kept the children in the room.(他们把孩子们留在房间里。)—— 介词短语作宾语补足语
知识点 08 同位语(appositive)
同位语用于对前面的名词或代词进行解释、说明或补充,使其内容更加具体、明确,同位语与被解释的名词或代词在语法地位上平等,所指内容相同。同位语通常由名词、名词短语、从句等充当,可位于被修饰词之后,有时也会用逗号、破折号等与被修饰词隔开。
My friend Tom is good at playing the piano.(我的朋友汤姆擅长弹钢琴。)—— 名词作同位语
The fact that the earth is round is known to everyone.(地球是圆的这个事实每个人都知道。)—— 从句作同位语
We visited Beijing, the capital of China, last summer.(去年夏天我们参观了中国的首都 —— 北京。)—— 名词短语作同位语,用逗号与被修饰词隔开
His dream, to be a doctor, will come true soon.(他当医生的梦想很快就会实现。)—— 不定式短语作同位语,用逗号与被修饰词隔开
易|错|点|拨
1.形式主语(形式上的主语)和真正主语(真正的主语)
原因:常用作形式主语的是代词it。当主语过长时,可以先用代词it作为形式上的主语,而把真正的主语放在句子尾部,避免句子“头重脚轻”,影响平衡美感。
例句:It is no good for oneself pretending to work hard in front of others.
It is a fact that we have to work more than ten hours every day.
2.形式宾语
注意:不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作宾语,常用it作形式宾语,则把真正的宾语放在句后。
Some students find it difficult to study English.
Most of us think it no use arguing with her.
【即时检测】
1.No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month
A.谓语 B.表语 C.宾语补足语 D.状语
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:不管任务有多难,我们必须在这个月完成它。分析句子的成分可知,该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句,主语为“we”,谓语为“ must fulfil ”宾语为“it”,“this month”为句子的宾语,划线部分为谓语。故选A。
2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
A.定语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.主语
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分分析。句意:奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。根据句子成分分析可知,该句划线短语last night意为“昨晚”作句子的时间状语成分。故选C项。
3.Trees turn green when spring comes.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.表语 D.定语
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:当春天来临时,树木变绿。分析句子结构可知,Trees为主语,turn为系动词,green为表语;when spring comes为时间状语从句,状语从句中spring为主语,comes为谓语。故选A项。
4.He made it clear that he would leave the city.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.宾补 D.状语
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:他明确表示他要离开这个城市。He是主语,made是谓语,it是形式宾语,clear是宾语补足语,that he would leave the city是连词that引导的宾语从句作宾语。故选A项。
5.He broke a piece of glass.
A.谓语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.定语
【答案】A
【解析】考查成分。句意:他打碎了一块玻璃。划线部分为谓语,主语为he;a piece of glass为宾语。故选A。
6.We consider him an excellent student.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.宾语补足语
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:我们认为他是一名优秀的学生。“We” 为主语,“consider” 为谓语,“him” 为宾语,划线部分 “an excellent student” 补充说明宾语 “him” 的身份,与宾语存在逻辑上的主表关系,作宾语补足语。故选 D。
7.The book on the desk is mine.
A.定语 B.状语 C.表语 D.宾语
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:桌子上的那本书是我的。“The book” 为主语,“is” 为系动词,“mine” 为表语,划线部分 “on the desk” 用于修饰主语 “The book”,说明书的位置,作定语。故选 A。
8.She runs very fast in the park every morning.
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:她每天早上在公园里跑得很快。“She” 为主语,“runs” 为谓语,划线部分 “very fast” 修饰谓语动词 “runs”,说明动作的程度,作状语;“in the park” 表地点,“every morning” 表时间,也均为状语。故选 B。
9.My dream is to travel around the world.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:我的梦想是环游世界。“My dream” 为主语,“is” 为系动词,划线部分 “to travel around the world” 说明主语 “My dream” 的具体内容,作表语。故选 C。
10. The news that our team won the game made us excited.
11. A.定语 B.同位语 C.状语 D.宾语
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:我们队赢得比赛的消息让我们很兴奋。“The news” 为主语,“made” 为谓语,“us” 为宾语,“excited” 为宾语补足语,划线部分 “that our team won the game” 对主语 “The news” 进行解释说明,与 “The news” 所指内容相同,作同位语。故选 B。
句子结构
1.简单句(Simple Sentence):只包含一个主谓结构,表达完整意思。
句型01 主谓: 主语+谓语(SV)
(谓语动词为不及物动词,不能接宾语,但能表达完整的意义)
The door closed.门关了。
The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
The animal disappeared. 动物消失了。
句型02 主谓宾: 主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)
(谓语动词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词,它必须跟一个宾语)
We teach English. 我们教英语。
Who knows the man? 谁知道这个人?
句型03 XXXXX
句型 03 主系表(主语+系动词+表语,SVP)
该句型的核心是系表结构,系动词本身没有完整的动作意义,主要起连接主语和表语的作用,表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份、状态或所处位置等,与主语共同构成句子的核心信息。常见的系动词分类如下:
be 动词:am, is, are, was, were
感官动词:look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(摸起来,感觉)
变化类动词:become(变得), get(变得), turn(变得,变成), grow(变得,成长), go(变得,通常指不好的变化)
状态持续类动词:remain(保持), stay(保持), keep(保持)
The flowers are beautiful.(这些花很漂亮。)—— 主语 “The flowers”,系动词 “are”,表语 “beautiful”
The music sounds wonderful.(这首音乐听起来很美妙。)—— 主语 “The music”,系动词 “sounds”,表语 “wonderful”
The weather is getting cold.(天气正在变冷。)—— 主语 “The weather”,系动词 “is getting”,表语 “cold”
He remained silent during the meeting.(他在会议期间保持沉默。)—— 主语 “He”,系动词 “remained”,表语 “silent”,“during the meeting” 为时间状语
句型 04 主谓双宾(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,SVOO)
此句型的谓语动词为双宾动词,这类动词后面需要接两个宾语才能使句子意义完整,分别是间接宾语和直接宾语。间接宾语通常指动作的受益对象(人),直接宾语指动作的直接承受者(物),两者之间存在逻辑上的 “给予” 或 “传递” 关系。
常见的双宾动词有 give, pass, show, send, bring, tell, teach, buy, make 等。
该句型可转换为 “主语+谓语+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语” 的结构,当间接宾语后置时,需根据动词的搭配习惯选用介词 to 或 for(常用 to 的动词:give, pass, show, send, teach 等;
常用 for 的动词:buy, make, cook, get, find 等)。
My mother gave me a birthday gift.(我妈妈给了我一份生日礼物。)—— 主语 “My mother”,谓语 “gave”,间接宾语 “me”,直接宾语 “a birthday gift”;可转换为 “My mother gave a birthday gift to me.”
He bought his sister a new dress.(他给他妹妹买了一条新裙子。)—— 主语 “He”,谓语 “bought”,间接宾语 “his sister”,直接宾语 “a new dress”;可转换为 “He bought a new dress for his sister.”
The teacher taught us English last term.(上学期老师教我们英语。)—— 主语 “The teacher”,谓语 “taught”,间接宾语 “us”,直接宾语 “English”;可转换为 “The teacher taught English to us last term.”
She made her son a model plane.(她给她儿子做了一个飞机模型。)—— 主语 “She”,谓语 “made”,间接宾语 “her son”,直接宾语 “a model plane”;可转换为 “She made a model plane for her son.”
句型 05 主谓宾补(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,SVOC)
该句型中,谓语动词为宾补动词,宾语后面需要接一个宾语补足语,用于补充说明宾语的性质、状态、特征或动作,使句子意义更加完整。宾语和宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系(即宾语是逻辑主语,宾语补足语是逻辑谓语或表语),这是区分该句型与其他句型的关键特征。
常见的宾补动词有 make, have, let, get, keep, find, consider, think, call, name, elect, want, ask, tell 等,能充当宾语补足语的有形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。
We made our classroom clean.(我们把教室打扫干净了。)—— 主语 “We”,谓语 “made”,宾语 “our classroom”,宾语补足语 “clean”(形容词,补充说明宾语的状态)
They elected him monitor.(他们选他当班长。)—— 主语 “They”,谓语 “elected”,宾语 “him”,宾语补足语 “monitor”(名词,补充说明宾语的身份)
My parents want me to study hard.(我父母希望我努力学习。)
I found him reading a book in the library.(我发现他正在图书馆看书。)
The police kept the thief in the room.(警察把小偷关在房间里。)
2.并列句(Compound Sentence):由并列连词(and, but, or, so等)连接的两个或多个简单句。
例句: They want good grades, but they lack motivation.
3.复合句(Complex Sentence):包含一个主句和一个或多个从句(如定语从句、状语从句)。
例句: When exams come, students feel stressed.(时间状语从句)
4.There be 句型:表示“存在”,结构:There + be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语。 谓语动词有时可用表示存在的其他动词,如live、 stand、 lie、 seem/appear to be (好像有)、 happen to be (碰巧有)、 used to be (曾经有) 等。
例句: There are many challenges in teenage life.
【即时检测】
写出下面句子的基本句型。
1.Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm.
【答案】1.主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:您的航班将在下午5点起飞。“Your flight”为句子的主语,“will leave”为句子的谓语,“at 5:00 pm”为句子的时间状语。故答案为:主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A)。
2.She loves the library because she loves books.
【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:她喜欢图书馆,因为她喜欢书。“She”为句子的主语,“loves”为句子的谓语,“the library”为句子的宾语,“because she loves books”为原因状语从句。故答案为:主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A)。
3.Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays.
【答案】主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语(S+V+IO+DO+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:爷爷经常在星期天给我们讲毛主席的故事。“Our grandpa”为句子的主语,“often”为频率副词作状语,“tells”为句子的谓语,“us”为间接宾语,“stories”为直接宾语,“about Chairman Mao”为“stories”的后置定语,“on Sundays”为时间状语。故答案为:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语(S+V+IO+DO+A)。
4.To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.
【答案】主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:没有老师的帮助,做今天的作业是很困难的。“To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help”为句子的主语,“is”为系动词,“very difficult”为表语。故答案为:主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)。
5.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语(S+V+O+C+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:她想要孩子们在阅览室里读报纸和书。“She”为句子的主语,“likes”为谓语,“the children”为宾语,“to read newspapers and books”为宾语补足语,“in the reading-room”为地点状语。故答案为:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语(S+V+O+C+A)。
易|错|点|拨
1.主谓一致
o单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。
o例句: Social media distracts(非distract)teenagers.
2.连词误用
o区分并列连词(and/but)和从属连词(because/when)。
o错误:He is tired, because he stayed up late.(应去掉逗号)
3.句子成分残缺
o避免缺少主语或谓语。
o错误:Important to manage time.(缺主语,改为 It’s important...)
4.定语从句关系词选择
o指人用who/whom,指物用which/that,地点用where,时间用when。
o例句:
The club where we meet is cozy.(非which)
解|题|技|巧
句子成分划分
第一步,找主语:先通读句子,找出句子所要描述的对象,通常是句首的名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句等。
第二步,找谓语:在主语之后,寻找能表达主语动作、状态或特征的动词或动词短语,注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词(不定式、分词、动名词),谓语动词会有时态、语态和人称变化。
第三步,判断是否有宾语:若谓语动词是及物动词,后面通常会接宾语,找出动作的承受者;若谓语动词是不及物动词,则无宾语。
第四步,判断是否有表语:若谓语动词是系动词,后面接的成分就是表语,用于说明主语的性质、状态等。
第五步,寻找定语和状语:定语修饰名词或代词,前置定语在被修饰词前,后置定语在被修饰词后;状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,根据其表达的意义(时间、地点、原因、方式等)判断。
第六步,判断是否有宾语补足语和同位语:若宾语后面的成分补充说明宾语的性质、状态或动作,且与宾语存在逻辑主谓关系,则为宾语补足语;若某个成分与前面的名词或代词所指内容相同,用于解释说明,则为同位语。语法填空
主谓一致:注意主语和谓语的单复数匹配。
非谓语动词:根据句子结构判断动词形式(如-ed/-ing)。
阅读理解
长难句分析:先读主干,再处理分隔部分(如定语从句)。
逻辑关系:关注转折、因果等连接词,理解段落结构(总分/对比)
基础通关(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单项选择
1.No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month
A.谓语 B.表语 C.宾语补足语 D.状语
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:不管任务有多难,我们必须在这个月完成它。分析句子的成分可知,该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句,主语为“we”,谓语为“ must fulfil ”宾语为“it”,“this month”为句子的宾语,划线部分为谓语。故选A。
2.He broke a piece of glass.
A.谓语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.定语
【答案】A
【解析】考查成分。句意:他打碎了一块玻璃。划线部分为谓语,主语为he;a piece of glass为宾语。故选A。
3.He made it clear that he would leave the city.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.宾补 D.状语
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:他明确表示他要离开这个城市。He是主语,made是谓语,it是形式宾语,clear是宾语补足语,that he would leave the city是连词that引导的宾语从句作宾语。故选A项。
4.You will enjoy personal growth at high school.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:你会在高中享受个人成长。you是主语;will enjoy是谓语;personal growth是宾语;at high school是状语。故填C项。
5.All of us considered him honest.
A.谓语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.定语
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:我们都认为他是诚实的。分析句子可知,All of us在本句中作主语; considered为谓语;him为宾语;honest为宾补,对宾语进行补充说明。故选C项。
6.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
A.定语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.主语
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分分析。句意:奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。根据句子成分分析可知,该句划线短语last night意为“昨晚”作句子的时间状语成分。故选C项。
7.Trees turn green when spring comes.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.表语 D.定语
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:当春天来临时,树木变绿。分析句子结构可知,Trees为主语,turn为系动词,green为表语;when spring comes为时间状语从句,状语从句中spring为主语,comes为谓语。故选A项。
8.The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.
A.谓语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.定语
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:日本制造的汽车比德国制造的汽车更好。本句为主系表结构。划线词为非谓语动词,为过去分词作后置定语。表示“日本制造的汽车”。故选D。
9.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语
【答案】D
【解析】考查成分。句意:站在树下的那个女孩是他的女儿。划线部分为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词girl。故选D。
10.Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet where different types of course are supplied.
A.状语 B.补语 C.定语 D.同位语
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:如今,越来越多的学生直接在互联网上学习不同类型的课程。此处划线部分为定语从句修饰先行词Internet,故选C。
二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分
1.It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday.
【答案】状语
【解析】考查状语。句意:它将于下周五下午3点至5点在学校演讲厅举行。It 作主语;will be held作谓语;in the school lecture hall 作地点状语;from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. 作时间状语;next Friday 作时间状语。故填状语。
2.Our hard work will finally be rewarded.
【答案】主语
【解析】考查主语。句意:我们的努力工作最后会被回报的。Our hard work作主语;will be rewarded 作谓语;finally作状语。故填主语。
3.I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year.
【答案】宾语
【解析】考查宾语。句意:我在去年的英语演讲比赛中赢得了一等奖。I 作主语;won作谓语;first prize作宾语;in the English Speech Competition作地点状语;last year作时间状语。故填宾语。
4.I find my room clean and tidy.
【答案】宾语补足语
【解析】考查宾语补足语。句意:我发现我的房间干净整洁。I 作主语;find 作谓语;my room作宾语;clean and tidy 作宾语补足语。故填宾语补足语。
5.I would like to give you some suggestions.
【答案】直接宾语
【解析】考查直接宾语。句意:我想给你一些建议。I作主语;would like to give 作谓语;you作间接宾语;some suggestions作直接宾语。故填直接宾语。
6.They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully.
【答案】状语
【解析】考查状语。句意:他们应该利用业余时间仔细品尝这些美妙的作品。They作主语;should make use of 作谓语;their spare time作宾语;to taste these wonderful works carefully作目的状语。故填状语。
7.We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon.
【答案】宾语
【解析】考查宾语。句意:我们真诚希望您的健康会很快改善。We作主语;hope作谓语;that your health will improve soon整个句子作hope的宾语。故填宾语。
8.The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital.
【答案】表语
【解析】考查表语。句意:问题是没人知道这个新医院的地址。The question作主语;is 作谓语;that no one knows the location of the new hospital整个句子作表语。故填表语。
9.What you said just now didn’t make me happy.
【答案】主语
【解析】考查主语。句意:你刚才所说的没有使我开心。What you said just now作整个主句的主语;didn’t make 作谓语;me作宾语;happy作宾语补足语。故填主语。
重难突破(测试时间:10分钟)
一、画出下列各句中的名词/形容词/副词短语并写出其功能
1.All the students are invited to take part in the English speech contest.
【答案】All the students are invited to take part in the English speech contest.
NP(主语) NP(宾语)
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:所有的学生都被邀请参加英语演讲比赛。分析句子结构可知,“All the students”是名词短语,作主语;“the English speech contest”是名词短语,作宾语。故答案为All the students (NP(主语)),the English speech contest (NP(宾语))。
2.Most of the little children are naturally curious about everything around them.
【答案】Most of the little children are naturally curious about everything around
them.
NP(主语) AdjP(表语)
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:大多数小孩子天生对周围的一切都好奇。分析句子结构可知,“Most of the little children”是名词短语,作主语;由系动词可知,“naturally curious about everything around them”是形容词短语,作表语。故答案为Most of the little children(NP(主语)),naturally curious about everything around them(AdjP(表语))。
3.Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.
【答案】Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.
AdjP(状语) NP(宾语) NP(宾语)
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:无论晴雨,他六点钟起床,到公园里散步。分析句子结构可知,“Wet or fine”是形容词短语,作状语;“a walk”是名词短语,作宾语;“the park”是名词短语,作宾语。故答案为Wet or fine(AdjP(状语)),a walk(NP(宾语)),the park(NP(宾语))。
4.I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the teaching material was less advanced in the UK than in China.
【答案】I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the teaching material was less advanced in the UK than in China.
AdjP(宾补) NP(主语) AdjP(表语)
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:我发现数学非常简单和有趣,因为英国的教材没有中国先进。分析句子结构可知,“quite easy and enjoyable”是形容词短语,作宾语补足语;“the teaching material”是名词短语,作主语;由系动词可知,“less advanced”是形容词短语,作表语。故答案为quite easy and enjoyable(AdjP(宾补) ),the teaching material( NP(主语)),less advanced(AdjP(表语))。
5.It was raining very heavily on the day we moved.
【答案】It was raining very heavily on the day we moved.
AdvP(修饰动词was raining) NP(宾语)
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:我们搬家的那天雨下得很大。分析句子结构可知,“very heavily”是副词短语,作状语,修饰was raining;“the day we moved”是名词短语,作宾语。故答案为very heavily(AdvP(修饰动词was raining)),the day we moved(NP(宾语))。
6.The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes.
【答案】The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes.
NP(主语) NP(宾语) AdjP(表语) NP(宾语)
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:男孩走进一家又大又整洁的鞋店,买了一双鞋。分析句子结构可知,“The boy”是名词短语,作主语;“a shoe store”是名词短语,作宾语;由系动词可知,“big and tidy”是形容词短语,作表语;“a pair of shoes”是名词短语,作宾语。故答案为The boy(NP(主语)),a shoe store(NP(宾语)),big and tidy(AdjP(表语)),a pair of shoes(NP(宾语))。
7.The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said.
【答案】The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said.
NP(主语) AdjP(表语) AdvP(修饰动词understand) NP(主语)
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:这个男孩太小,听不懂他妈妈说的话。分析句子结构可知,“The boy”是名词短语,作主语;由系动词可知,“too young”是形容词短语,作表语;“clearly enough”是副词短语,作状语,修饰动词understand;“his mother”是名词短语,作what引导的宾语从句中的主语。故答案为The boy(NP(主语)),too young(AdjP(表语)),clearly enough(AdvP(修饰动词understand)),his mother(NP(主语))。
8.Mr Smith, the head teacher of our school, is to attend a meeting to be held next Friday.
【答案】Mr Smith, the head teacher of our school, is to attend a meeting to be held next Friday.
NP(同位语) NP(宾语)
【解析】考查句子成分。句意:我们学校的校长史密斯先生将出席下星期五举行的一个会议。分析句子结构可知,“the head teacher of our school”是名词短语,作Mr Smith的同位语;“a meeting to be held next Friday”是名词短语,作宾语。故答案为the head teacher of our school(NP(同位语)),a meeting to be held next Friday(NP(宾语))。
二、选出下面句子的基本句型,把正确选项字母写在横线上。
写出下面句子的基本句型。
1.Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm.
【答案】主语 + 谓语 + 状语(S+V+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:您的航班将于下午 5 点起飞。“Your flight” 为句子的主语,指代 “您的航班”;“will leave” 为句子的谓语,“leave” 是不及物动词,此处用一般将来时,表达 “起飞” 的动作;“at 5:00 pm” 为句子的时间状语,说明动作发生的时间。故答案为:主语 + 谓语 + 状语(S+V+A)。
2.She loves the library because she loves books.
【答案】主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语(S+V+O+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:她喜欢图书馆,因为她喜欢书。“She” 为句子的主语,指代 “她”;“loves” 为句子的谓语,“loves” 是及物动词,表达 “喜欢” 的动作;“the library” 为句子的宾语,是 “loves” 这个动作的直接承受者;“because she loves books” 为原因状语从句,说明 “她喜欢图书馆” 的原因。故答案为:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语(S+V+O+A)。
3.Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays.
【答案】主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + 状语(S+V+IO+DO+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:爷爷经常在星期天给我们讲毛主席的故事。“Our grandpa” 为句子的主语,指代 “我们的爷爷”;“often” 为频率副词作状语,说明动作发生的频率;“tells” 为句子的谓语,“tells” 是双宾动词,表达 “讲述” 的动作;“us” 为间接宾语,指动作的受益对象(“我们”);“stories” 为直接宾语,是 “tells” 这个动作的直接承受者;“about Chairman Mao” 为 “stories” 的后置定语,修饰 “stories”;“on Sundays” 为时间状语,说明动作发生的时间。故答案为:主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + 状语(S+V+IO+DO+A)。
4.To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.
【答案】主语 + 系动词 + 表语(S+V+P)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:没有老师的帮助,做今天的作业是很困难的。“To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help” 为句子的主语,是一个不定式短语,指代 “没有老师帮助做今天的作业” 这件事;“is” 为系动词,起连接主语和表语的作用;“very difficult” 为表语,描述主语的性质(“很困难”)。故答案为:主语 + 系动词 + 表语(S+V+P)。
5.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
【答案】主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 + 状语(S+V+O+C+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:她想要孩子们在阅览室里读报纸和书。“She” 为句子的主语,指代 “她”;“likes” 为谓语,“likes” 是宾补动词,表达 “想要” 的意愿;“the children” 为宾语,指 “likes” 这个动作所涉及的对象;“to read newspapers and books” 为宾语补足语,补充说明宾语 “the children” 要执行的动作,与宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系;“in the reading-room” 为地点状语,说明动作发生的地点。故答案为:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 + 状语(S+V+O+C+A)。
6.The little girl looks very cute.
【答案】主语 + 系动词 + 表语(S+V+P)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:这个小女孩看起来很可爱。“The little girl” 为句子的主语,指代 “这个小女孩”;“looks” 为系动词,意为 “看起来”,起连接主语和表语的作用;“very cute” 为表语,描述主语 “The little girl” 的特征(“很可爱”)。故答案为:主语 + 系动词 + 表语(S+V+P)。
7.My father bought me a new bike last weekend.
【答案】主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + 状语(S+V+IO+DO+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:我爸爸上周末给我买了一辆新自行车。“My father” 为句子的主语,指代 “我爸爸”;“bought” 为谓语,“bought” 是双宾动词,意为 “买”;“me” 为间接宾语,指动作的受益对象(“我”);“a new bike” 为直接宾语,是 “bought” 这个动作的直接承受者;“last weekend” 为时间状语,说明动作发生的时间。故答案为:主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + 状语(S+V+IO+DO+A)。
8.They keep the classroom clean every day.
【答案】主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 + 状语(S+V+O+C+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:他们每天保持教室干净。“They” 为句子的主语,指代 “他们”;“keep” 为谓语,“keep” 是宾补动词,意为 “保持”;“the classroom” 为宾语,指 “keep” 这个动作所涉及的对象;“clean” 为宾语补足语,补充说明宾语 “the classroom” 的状态,与宾语存在逻辑上的主表关系;“every day” 为时间状语,说明动作发生的频率。故答案为:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 + 状语(S+V+O+C+A)。
9.The sun shines brightly in summer.
【答案】主语 + 谓语 + 状语 + 状语(S+V+A+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:夏天太阳明亮地照耀着。“The sun” 为句子的主语,指代 “太阳”;“shines” 为谓语,“shines” 是不及物动词,意为 “照耀”;“brightly” 为方式状语,修饰谓语动词 “shines”,说明 “照耀” 的方式;“in summer” 为时间状语,说明动作发生的时间。故答案为:主语 + 谓语 + 状语 + 状语(S+V+A+A)。
10.We will visit our grandparents next month.
【答案】主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语(S+V+O+A)
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:我们下个月将去看望我们的祖父母。“We” 为句子的主语,指代 “我们”;“will visit” 为谓语,“visit” 是及物动词,此处用一般将来时,意为 “看望”;“our grandparents” 为宾语,是 “will visit” 这个动作的直接承受者;“next month” 为时间状语,说明动作发生的时间。故答案为:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语(S+V+O+A)。
易混易错(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单项选择(选出下列句子中成分或句型判断错误的选项)
1.下列关于句子成分判断错误的一项是( )
A.He gave me a book yesterday.(me:间接宾语;a book:直接宾语)
B.She found the story interesting.(interesting:宾语补足语)
C.The man in a black coat is my father.(in a black coat:状语)
D.It is important to learn English well.(to learn English well:主语)
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分判断。选项 C 中,“The man in a black coat is my father”(穿黑色外套的男人是我爸爸),“in a black coat” 用于修饰主语 “The man”,说明男人的穿着,作定语,而非状语,该选项判断错误;选项 A、B、D 成分判断均正确。故选 C。
2.下列关于句子基本句型判断错误的一项是( )
A.The sun rises in the east.(主谓状,SVA)
B.They elected him president.(主谓宾补,SVOC)
C.She looks beautiful today.(主谓宾,SVO)
D.My mother cooked me a delicious meal.(主谓宾宾,SVOO)
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子基本句型判断。选项 C 中,“She looks beautiful today”(她今天看起来很漂亮),“looks” 为系动词,“beautiful” 为表语,该句型为主系表(SVP),而非主谓宾(SVO),判断错误;选项 A、B、D 句型判断均正确。故选 C。
3.下列句子中,主谓一致错误的一项是( )
A.A number of students are playing on the playground.
B.The number of books in this library is very large.
C.His family is going to have a trip next month.
D.Three quarters of the land are covered with trees.
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。选项 D 中,“Three quarters of the land are covered with trees”(四分之三的土地被树木覆盖),“land” 是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,应将 “are” 改为 “is”,该句主谓一致错误;选项 A(“a number of + 名词” 作主语,谓语用复数)、B(“the number of + 名词” 作主语,谓语用单数)、C(“family” 指 “家庭” 整体时,谓语用单数)主谓一致均正确。故选 D。
4.下列句子中,对宾语补足语和双宾语区分错误的一项是( )
A.He made her a beautiful dress.(her:间接宾语;a beautiful dress:直接宾语)
B.I call him Tom.(Tom:宾语补足语)
C.She told me a funny story.(me:宾语补足语;a funny story:宾语)
D.We keep the room clean.(clean:宾语补足语)
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语补足语与双宾语区分。选项 C 中,“She told me a funny story”(她给我讲了一个有趣的故事),“told” 是双宾动词,“me” 是间接宾语,“a funny story” 是直接宾语,两者是 “人” 和 “物” 的关系,无逻辑主谓关系,并非 “me” 是宾语补足语,该选项区分错误;选项 A、B、D 区分均正确。故选 C。
5.下列句子中,系动词使用错误的一项是( )
A.The flowers smell sweet.
B.The milk went bad yesterday.
C.He looks happily today.
D.The cloth feels soft.
【答案】C
【解析】考查系动词的用法。系动词后面应接形容词作表语,选项 C 中,“He looks happily today”(他今天看起来很开心),“looks” 是系动词,后面应接形容词 “happy”,而非副词 “happily”,该句系动词使用错误;选项 A(“smell” 是系动词,接形容词 “sweet”)、B(“go” 是系动词,接形容词 “bad”)、D(“feel” 是系动词,接形容词 “soft”)均正确。故选 C。
二、(24-25高一上·山东潍坊·阶段练习)阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Han Jing was a senior high school student 1 last, she was a little anxious. Since she wanted to make a good first 2 (impress), she was rather worried about whether she could make some 3 (friend).
Having had 4 (she) first maths class at senior high school, she realized though the class was difficult, most of her classmates and teachers were friendly and 5 (help). And in the afternoon, her chemistry class in the science lab was great, even though there was a guy 6 always made her not concentrate on the experiment.
At night, she didn’t feel awkward or 7 (frighten) at all. She missed her friends from junior high school, 8 she believed she would make new friends soon. With a lot 9 (explore) at senior high, she felt 10 (confident) than before and believed that tomorrow would be a great day.
【答案】
1.at 2.impression 3.friends 4.her 5.helpful 6.who/that 7.frightened 8.but 9.to explore 10.more confident
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述韩静进入高中后第一天的经历,展现了她从焦虑到逐渐适应新环境的心理变化过程。
1.考查介词。句意:当韩静终于成为一名高中生时,她有点焦虑。at last“最后;终于”是固定短语。故填at。
2.考查名词。句意:因为她想给人留下好印象,所以她很担心自己能否交到朋友。根据空格前的make a可知,空格处应该用单数名词impression作宾语,意为“印象”。故填impression。
3.考查名词复数。句意:因为她想给人留下好印象,所以她很担心自己能否交到朋友。根据空格前的some可知,空格处应该用复数名词friends作宾语。故填friends。
4.考查代词。句意:在上了高中第一节数学课后,她意识到虽然这门课很难,但她的大多数同学和老师都很友好且乐于助人。空格处作定语,修饰下文的名词class,应该用形容词性物主代词her。故填her。
5.考查形容词。句意:在上了高中第一节数学课后,她意识到虽然这门课很难,但她的大多数同学和老师都很友好且乐于助人。根据空格前的and可知,空格处与上文的friendly并列作表语,应该用形容词helpful意为“乐于助人的”符合句意。故填helpful。
6.考查定语从句。句意:下午,她在科学实验室的化学课很棒,尽管有个家伙总是让她无法专注于实验。空格处引导定语从句,对先行词guy进行限定说明,先行词指人,从句中缺少主语,所以应该用关系代词that或who代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填that/who。
7.考查形容词。句意:到了晚上,她一点也不觉得尴尬或害怕。根据空格前的feel和连词or可知,空格处与上文的awkward并列作表语,所以应该用形容词frightened意为“害怕的”。故填frightened。
8.考查连词。句意:她想念初中时的朋友,但她相信自己很快就能交到新朋友。空格前的句子与空格后的句子是转折关系,所以应该用连词but连接。故填but。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:在高中还有许多东西等着她去探索,她比以前更有信心了,并且相信明天会是美好的一天。空格处在“with复合结构”中作补足语,表示将来未发生的动词,应该用不定式形式作补足语。故填to explore。
10.考查形容词比较级。句意:在高中还有许多东西等着她去探索,她比以前更有信心了,并且相信明天会是美好的一天。根据空格后的than可知,空格处应该用形容词比较级more confident作表语。故填more confident。
链接高考(测试时间:15分钟)
一、句子填空
1. (2025浙江1月卷) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.
【答案】and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意为:如今的顾客不再在意衣物是否二手,而是关注这样的事实:他们有独特的衣服穿,同时还不会让自己的衣柜过于拥挤,也不会为垃圾填埋场制造垃圾。结合句意及分析句子结构可知,空白处缺少连词连接两个并列成分have和are not overstuffing,故填and。
2.(2025全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览,展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋(中文称为“围棋”),它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese,指物,且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3.(2025浙江1月卷)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
【答案】 which
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词clothing,并在从句中作package和offer的宾语,故填which。
4.(2025北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists _ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, __ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
【答案】 which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。
5.(2024新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词design,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
6.(2023年天津6月卷)_________ you are old enough to make your own judgement, you should start to pursue your career.
A.Even if B.As though
C.Ever since D.Now that
【答案】D
【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意:既然你已经长大了,可以自己做判断了,你应该开始追求你的事业了。A. Even if即使;B. As though好像;C. Ever since自从;D. Now that既然。根据“you should start to pursue your career.”可知,主从句之间为因果关系,所以此处使用“既然”符合逻辑,表示“既然你已经长大,有能力自己做判断”,故选D项。
7.(2023新课标II卷)It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop __ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
【答案】 and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展,看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知,“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系,应该用and连接。故填and。
8.(2022新课标II卷)He hung on for a few minutes _________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
【答案】and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写连词,连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。故填and。
9.(2022全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _________ cultural exchanges.
【答案】and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
10.(2021全国I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
【答案】 and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意为:虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并提供了一个地方,你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。前后是并列关系,所以用and连接,故填and.
二、语法填空 (注意分析空格处所充当的句子成分)(2021全国I卷)
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”.56is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 1 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will
2 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 3 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 4 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ___5____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 6 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your7 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 8 (I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 9 must to visit!
【答案与解析】
What 句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
2.humans 句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
3.undoubtedly 句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”,作状语。故填undoubtedly。
4.hotter 句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”。故填hotter,在句中作表语,与the colder并列。
5.astonished 句意:但大自然就是这样—总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
6.was 句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知,“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
7.and 句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系,都是作it的谓语,故用并列连词and。
8.aching 句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知,此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs,作定语,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
9.mine 句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
10.a:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
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专题01 句子成分与基本句型(期中复习讲义)
年份
卷别
考点
考情分析
2025
北京卷
名词性从句;定语从句
【考向透视】
分析近年高考真题可知,高考对句子种类考查全面。在听力中对句子功用考查居多。在阅读理解、七选五和完形填空中,熟练掌握句子结构和种类是迅速读懂文章的基本保证。长难句中对并列句和复合句的综合考查也呈上升趋势。语法填空中对并列句和复合句的考查几乎每年都会涉及到。写作中读懂原文,熟练写出符合逻辑且结构正确的句子也是得得分的必备保障。
【复习目标】
1. 掌握句子成分、句子的基本结构和类型。
2.熟练运用表示不同逻辑关系的并列连词。
3..强化在复杂语境中理解长难句的能力。
新高考I卷
定语从句;and
新高考II卷
定语从句
浙江卷
定语从句
2024
新高考II卷
and ;定语从句
新高考I卷
名词性从句
浙江卷
名词性从句;定语从句
全国甲卷
定语从句
2023
新高考I卷
or
新高考II卷
and;名词性从句
浙江卷
名词性从句
全国乙卷
and; but;定语从句
句子成分
知识点01 主语(subject)
句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。主语通常位于句子前面(部分),常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句充当。
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。
Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。
知识点02 谓语(verb)
谓语,对主语进行描述,通常位于句子后面(部分),谓语部分的核心词必须由动词充当,必须体现为某一时态形式。
Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言语。
He will come next week. 他下星期来。
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 玛丽自1994年以来一直在那家服装店工作。
知识点02 宾语(object)
宾语是动作的承受者,通常位于及物动词或介词之后,用于补充说明动作作用的对象。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指动作直接作用的对象,间接宾语指动作受益的对象或动作的方向。能充当宾语的词或结构与主语类似,包括名词、代词、动名词、不定式和从句等。
She bought a new dress yesterday.(她昨天买了一条新裙子。)—— 名词作直接宾语
My mother gave me a wonderful birthday present.(我妈妈给了我一份很棒的生日礼物。)
——me 是间接宾语,a wonderful birthday present 是直接宾语
He enjoys reading science fiction novels.(他喜欢读科幻小说。)—— 动名词短语作宾语
They decided to visit the historical museum this weekend.(他们决定这个周末去参观历史博物馆。)
—— 不定式短语作宾语
I don't know whether he will attend the meeting tomorrow.(我不知道他明天是否会参加会议。)
—— 从句作宾语
知识点 04 表语(predicative)
表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份、状态或所处的位置等,它必须与系动词连用,共同构成句子的谓语部分(系表结构),通常位于系动词之后。常见的系动词有 be 动词、感官动词(look, sound, smell, taste, feel)、变化类动词(become, get, turn, grow)以及表示状态持续的动词(remain, stay, keep)等。可充当表语的有形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。
The flowers in the garden are very beautiful.(花园里的花非常漂亮。)—— 形容词作表语
His dream is to become a famous scientist.(他的梦想是成为一名著名的科学家。)—— 不定式短语作表语
This book is mine.(这本书是我的。)—— 代词作表语
The children are in the classroom.(孩子们在教室里。)—— 介词短语作表语
What makes him happy is that he has passed the exam.(让他开心的是他通过了考试。)—— 从句作表语
知识点 05 定语(attribute)
定语用于修饰、限定名词或代词,说明其性质、特征、数量、所属等信息,使被修饰的名词或代词更加具体明确。定语可分为前置定语和后置定语,前置定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、数词等充当,位于被修饰词之前;后置定语通常由介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、定语从句等充当,位于被修饰词之后。
She has a red leather bag.(她有一个红色的皮包。)—— 形容词 red 和名词 leather 作前置定语
The man in the black coat is my uncle.(穿黑色外套的那个男人是我叔叔。)—— 介词短语作后置定语
I have a lot of work to do this afternoon.(今天下午我有很多工作要做。)—— 不定式短语作后置定语
The girl standing at the door is my best friend.(站在门口的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。)—— 现在分词短语作后置定语
This is the book that I borrowed from the library yesterday.(这是我昨天从图书馆借的书。)—— 定语从句作后置定语
知识点 06 状语(adverbial)
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、程度、条件、让步、目的、结果等情况,使句子的表达更加丰富、准确。状语的位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末,常见的形式有副词、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、状语从句等。
He runs fast in the playground every morning.(他每天早上在操场上跑得很快。)
—— 副词 fast 表程度,介词短语 in the playground 表地点,every morning 表时间
She stayed at home because she was ill.(因为生病了,她待在家里。)—— 原因状语从句
To improve his English, he practices speaking every day.(为了提高英语水平,他每天都练习口语。)
—— 不定式短语作目的状语
Although it rained heavily, they still went to school on time.(尽管雨下得很大,他们还是按时去上学了。)
—— 让步状语从句
He spoke so loudly that everyone in the room could hear him.(他说话声音很大,房间里的每个人都能听到。)—— 结果状语从句
知识点 07 宾语补足语(object complement)
宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的性质、状态、特征或动作,与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,它通常位于宾语之后,常见的结构为 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”。能充当宾语补足语的有形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。
We elected him our monitor.(我们选他当我们的班长。)—— 名词作宾语补足语
The good news made her happy.(这个好消息让她很开心。)—— 形容词作宾语补足语
My parents asked me to finish my homework first.(我父母让我先完成作业。)——不定式短语作宾语补足语
I found the window broken when I got home.(我回家时发现窗户破了。)—— 过去分词作宾语补足语
They kept the children in the room.(他们把孩子们留在房间里。)—— 介词短语作宾语补足语
知识点 08 同位语(appositive)
同位语用于对前面的名词或代词进行解释、说明或补充,使其内容更加具体、明确,同位语与被解释的名词或代词在语法地位上平等,所指内容相同。同位语通常由名词、名词短语、从句等充当,可位于被修饰词之后,有时也会用逗号、破折号等与被修饰词隔开。
My friend Tom is good at playing the piano.(我的朋友汤姆擅长弹钢琴。)—— 名词作同位语
The fact that the earth is round is known to everyone.(地球是圆的这个事实每个人都知道。)—— 从句作同位语
We visited Beijing, the capital of China, last summer.(去年夏天我们参观了中国的首都 —— 北京。)—— 名词短语作同位语,用逗号与被修饰词隔开
His dream, to be a doctor, will come true soon.(他当医生的梦想很快就会实现。)—— 不定式短语作同位语,用逗号与被修饰词隔开
易|错|点|拨
1.形式主语(形式上的主语)和真正主语(真正的主语)
原因:常用作形式主语的是代词it。当主语过长时,可以先用代词it作为形式上的主语,而把真正的主语放在句子尾部,避免句子“头重脚轻”,影响平衡美感。
例句:It is no good for oneself pretending to work hard in front of others.
It is a fact that we have to work more than ten hours every day.
2.形式宾语
注意:不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作宾语,常用it作形式宾语,则把真正的宾语放在句后。
Some students find it difficult to study English.
Most of us think it no use arguing with her.
【即时检测】
1.No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month
A.谓语 B.表语 C.宾语补足语 D.状语
2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
A.定语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.主语
3.Trees turn green when spring comes.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.表语 D.定语
4.He made it clear that he would leave the city.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.宾补 D.状语
5.He broke a piece of glass.
A.谓语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.定语
6.We consider him an excellent student.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.宾语补足语
7.The book on the desk is mine.
A.定语 B.状语 C.表语 D.宾语
8.She runs very fast in the park every morning.
A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语
9.My dream is to travel around the world.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语
10. The news that our team won the game made us excited.
11. A.定语 B.同位语 C.状语 D.宾语
句子结构
1.简单句(Simple Sentence):只包含一个主谓结构,表达完整意思。
句型01 主谓: 主语+谓语(SV)
(谓语动词为不及物动词,不能接宾语,但能表达完整的意义)
The door closed.门关了。
The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
The animal disappeared. 动物消失了。
句型02 主谓宾: 主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)
(谓语动词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词,它必须跟一个宾语)
We teach English. 我们教英语。
Who knows the man? 谁知道这个人?
句型03 XXXXX
句型 03 主系表(主语+系动词+表语,SVP)
该句型的核心是系表结构,系动词本身没有完整的动作意义,主要起连接主语和表语的作用,表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份、状态或所处位置等,与主语共同构成句子的核心信息。常见的系动词分类如下:
be 动词:am, is, are, was, were
感官动词:look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(摸起来,感觉)
变化类动词:become(变得), get(变得), turn(变得,变成), grow(变得,成长), go(变得,通常指不好的变化)
状态持续类动词:remain(保持), stay(保持), keep(保持)
The flowers are beautiful.(这些花很漂亮。)—— 主语 “The flowers”,系动词 “are”,表语 “beautiful”
The music sounds wonderful.(这首音乐听起来很美妙。)—— 主语 “The music”,系动词 “sounds”,表语 “wonderful”
The weather is getting cold.(天气正在变冷。)—— 主语 “The weather”,系动词 “is getting”,表语 “cold”
He remained silent during the meeting.(他在会议期间保持沉默。)—— 主语 “He”,系动词 “remained”,表语 “silent”,“during the meeting” 为时间状语
句型 04 主谓双宾(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,SVOO)
此句型的谓语动词为双宾动词,这类动词后面需要接两个宾语才能使句子意义完整,分别是间接宾语和直接宾语。间接宾语通常指动作的受益对象(人),直接宾语指动作的直接承受者(物),两者之间存在逻辑上的 “给予” 或 “传递” 关系。
常见的双宾动词有 give, pass, show, send, bring, tell, teach, buy, make 等。
该句型可转换为 “主语+谓语+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语” 的结构,当间接宾语后置时,需根据动词的搭配习惯选用介词 to 或 for(常用 to 的动词:give, pass, show, send, teach 等;
常用 for 的动词:buy, make, cook, get, find 等)。
My mother gave me a birthday gift.(我妈妈给了我一份生日礼物。)—— 主语 “My mother”,谓语 “gave”,间接宾语 “me”,直接宾语 “a birthday gift”;可转换为 “My mother gave a birthday gift to me.”
He bought his sister a new dress.(他给他妹妹买了一条新裙子。)—— 主语 “He”,谓语 “bought”,间接宾语 “his sister”,直接宾语 “a new dress”;可转换为 “He bought a new dress for his sister.”
The teacher taught us English last term.(上学期老师教我们英语。)—— 主语 “The teacher”,谓语 “taught”,间接宾语 “us”,直接宾语 “English”;可转换为 “The teacher taught English to us last term.”
She made her son a model plane.(她给她儿子做了一个飞机模型。)—— 主语 “She”,谓语 “made”,间接宾语 “her son”,直接宾语 “a model plane”;可转换为 “She made a model plane for her son.”
句型 05 主谓宾补(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,SVOC)
该句型中,谓语动词为宾补动词,宾语后面需要接一个宾语补足语,用于补充说明宾语的性质、状态、特征或动作,使句子意义更加完整。宾语和宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系(即宾语是逻辑主语,宾语补足语是逻辑谓语或表语),这是区分该句型与其他句型的关键特征。
常见的宾补动词有 make, have, let, get, keep, find, consider, think, call, name, elect, want, ask, tell 等,能充当宾语补足语的有形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。
We made our classroom clean.(我们把教室打扫干净了。)—— 主语 “We”,谓语 “made”,宾语 “our classroom”,宾语补足语 “clean”(形容词,补充说明宾语的状态)
They elected him monitor.(他们选他当班长。)—— 主语 “They”,谓语 “elected”,宾语 “him”,宾语补足语 “monitor”(名词,补充说明宾语的身份)
My parents want me to study hard.(我父母希望我努力学习。)
I found him reading a book in the library.(我发现他正在图书馆看书。)
The police kept the thief in the room.(警察把小偷关在房间里。)
2.并列句(Compound Sentence):由并列连词(and, but, or, so等)连接的两个或多个简单句。
例句: They want good grades, but they lack motivation.
3.复合句(Complex Sentence):包含一个主句和一个或多个从句(如定语从句、状语从句)。
例句: When exams come, students feel stressed.(时间状语从句)
4.There be 句型:表示“存在”,结构:There + be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语。 谓语动词有时可用表示存在的其他动词,如live、 stand、 lie、 seem/appear to be (好像有)、 happen to be (碰巧有)、 used to be (曾经有) 等。
例句: There are many challenges in teenage life.
【即时检测】
写出下面句子的基本句型。
1.Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm.
2.She loves the library because she loves books.
3.Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays.
4.To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.
5.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
易|错|点|拨
1.主谓一致
o单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。
o例句: Social media distracts(非distract)teenagers.
2.连词误用
o区分并列连词(and/but)和从属连词(because/when)。
o错误:He is tired, because he stayed up late.(应去掉逗号)
3.句子成分残缺
o避免缺少主语或谓语。
o错误:Important to manage time.(缺主语,改为 It’s important...)
4.定语从句关系词选择
o指人用who/whom,指物用which/that,地点用where,时间用when。
o例句:
The club where we meet is cozy.(非which)
解|题|技|巧
句子成分划分
第一步,找主语:先通读句子,找出句子所要描述的对象,通常是句首的名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句等。
第二步,找谓语:在主语之后,寻找能表达主语动作、状态或特征的动词或动词短语,注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词(不定式、分词、动名词),谓语动词会有时态、语态和人称变化。
第三步,判断是否有宾语:若谓语动词是及物动词,后面通常会接宾语,找出动作的承受者;若谓语动词是不及物动词,则无宾语。
第四步,判断是否有表语:若谓语动词是系动词,后面接的成分就是表语,用于说明主语的性质、状态等。
第五步,寻找定语和状语:定语修饰名词或代词,前置定语在被修饰词前,后置定语在被修饰词后;状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,根据其表达的意义(时间、地点、原因、方式等)判断。
第六步,判断是否有宾语补足语和同位语:若宾语后面的成分补充说明宾语的性质、状态或动作,且与宾语存在逻辑主谓关系,则为宾语补足语;若某个成分与前面的名词或代词所指内容相同,用于解释说明,则为同位语。语法填空
主谓一致:注意主语和谓语的单复数匹配。
非谓语动词:根据句子结构判断动词形式(如-ed/-ing)。
阅读理解
长难句分析:先读主干,再处理分隔部分(如定语从句)。
逻辑关系:关注转折、因果等连接词,理解段落结构(总分/对比)
基础通关(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单项选择
1.No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month
A.谓语 B.表语 C.宾语补足语 D.状语
2.He broke a piece of glass.
A.谓语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.定语
3.He made it clear that he would leave the city.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.宾补 D.状语
4.You will enjoy personal growth at high school.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语
5.All of us considered him honest.
A.谓语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.定语
6.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
A.定语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.主语
7.Trees turn green when spring comes.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.表语 D.定语
8.The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.
A.谓语 B.宾语 C.状语 D.定语
9.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语
10.Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet where different types of course are supplied.
A.状语 B.补语 C.定语 D.同位语
二、指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分
1.It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday.
2.Our hard work will finally be rewarded.
3.I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year.
4.I find my room clean and tidy.
5.I would like to give you some suggestions.
6.They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully.
7.We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon.
8.The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital.
9.What you said just now didn’t make me happy.
重难突破(测试时间:10分钟)
一、画出下列各句中的名词/形容词/副词短语并写出其功能
1.All the students are invited to take part in the English speech contest.
2.Most of the little children are naturally curious about everything around them.
3.Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.
4.I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the teaching material was less advanced in the UK than in China.
5.It was raining very heavily on the day we moved.
6.The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes.
7.The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said.
8.Mr Smith, the head teacher of our school, is to attend a meeting to be held next Friday.
二、选出下面句子的基本句型,把正确选项字母写在横线上。
1.Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm.
2.She loves the library because she loves books.
3.Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays.
4.To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.
5.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
6.The little girl looks very cute.
7.My father bought me a new bike last weekend.
8.They keep the classroom clean every day.
9.The sun shines brightly in summer.
10.We will visit our grandparents next month.
易混易错(测试时间:10分钟)
一、单项选择(选出下列句子中成分或句型判断错误的选项)
1.下列关于句子成分判断错误的一项是( )
A.He gave me a book yesterday.(me:间接宾语;a book:直接宾语)
B.She found the story interesting.(interesting:宾语补足语)
C.The man in a black coat is my father.(in a black coat:状语)
D.It is important to learn English well.(to learn English well:主语)
2.下列关于句子基本句型判断错误的一项是( )
A.The sun rises in the east.(主谓状,SVA)
B.They elected him president.(主谓宾补,SVOC)
C.She looks beautiful today.(主谓宾,SVO)
D.My mother cooked me a delicious meal.(主谓宾宾,SVOO)
3.下列句子中,主谓一致错误的一项是( )
A.A number of students are playing on the playground.
B.The number of books in this library is very large.
C.His family is going to have a trip next month.
D.Three quarters of the land are covered with trees.
4.下列句子中,对宾语补足语和双宾语区分错误的一项是( )
A.He made her a beautiful dress.(her:间接宾语;a beautiful dress:直接宾语)
B.I call him Tom.(Tom:宾语补足语)
C.She told me a funny story.(me:宾语补足语;a funny story:宾语)
D.We keep the room clean.(clean:宾语补足语)
5.下列句子中,系动词使用错误的一项是( )
A.The flowers smell sweet.
B.The milk went bad yesterday.
C.He looks happily today.
D.The cloth feels soft.
二、(24-25高一上·山东潍坊·阶段练习)阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Han Jing was a senior high school student 1 last, she was a little anxious. Since she wanted to make a good first 2 (impress), she was rather worried about whether she could make some 3 (friend).
Having had 4 (she) first maths class at senior high school, she realized though the class was difficult, most of her classmates and teachers were friendly and 5 (help). And in the afternoon, her chemistry class in the science lab was great, even though there was a guy 6 always made her not concentrate on the experiment.
At night, she didn’t feel awkward or 7 (frighten) at all. She missed her friends from junior high school, 8 she believed she would make new friends soon. With a lot 9 (explore) at senior high, she felt 10 (confident) than before and believed that tomorrow would be a great day.
链接高考(测试时间:15分钟)
一、句子填空
1. (2025浙江1月卷) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.
2.(2025全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
3.(2025浙江1月卷)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
4.(2025北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists _ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, __ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
5.(2024新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
6.(2023年天津6月卷)_________ you are old enough to make your own judgement, you should start to pursue your career.
A.Even if B.As though
C.Ever since D.Now that
7.(2023新课标II卷)It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop __ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
8.(2022新课标II卷)He hung on for a few minutes _________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
9.(2022全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _________ cultural exchanges.
10.(2021全国I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
二、语法填空 (注意分析空格处所充当的句子成分)(2021全国I卷)
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”.56is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 1 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will
2 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 3 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 4 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ___5____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 6 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your7 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 8 (I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 9 must to visit!
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