精品解析：四川省绵阳东辰国际学校2025-2026学年高二上学期开学分班检测英语试卷

四川省绵阳东辰国际学校2025-2026学年高二上学期开学分班检测 英语试卷 一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题） A Fundraising Support Volunteers About this opportunity If you are looking for a volunteer position at this time and are located in Queensland, this role could be perfect for you! Arthritis Queensland is looking for some warm and engaging Fundraising Support Volunteers. These volunteers will call our donors and supporters to let them know how much we appreciate their help! There is no asking for donations in this role. This is an online role and will be done from your own home. The shifts are flexible and will be on an agreed schedule. Full training will be provided before you begin. All that you will need for this role is a reliable telephone and a computer with a reliable Internet connection. Please read the Arthritis Queensland position description and fill in our application form (the link will be sent to you after you express your interest). From there we’ll review your application and you may be invited for a phone interview to discuss the role. We look forward to hearing from you! Additional requirements ●Excellent communication skills ●Comfortable with using Microsoft IT packages ●Willing to obtain a Police Check (organised through Arthritis Queensland) ●Strong customer service skills and a friendly phone manner Time Required ●Up to 15 hours over two days per week Suitable for ●Online & Remote Volunteers ●People with disability 1. What does Arthritis Queensland ask the volunteers to do? A. Provide financial support. B. Make thank-you calls. C. Organize fundraising events. D. Ask for donations online. 2. What is required of applicants? A. Being skilled at using Microsoft IT packages. B. Attending a face-to-face interview. C. Having a large customer base. D. Being available on weekends. 3. Who are most likely to apply? A. Those who can’t afford a computer. B. Those who live outside Queensland. C. Those who prefer to work from home. D. Those who don’t like engaging with people. B My affair with sugar began innocently enough in my childhood, when I indulged (沉迷) in sweet treats as rewards for good behavior by overworked but loving parents, or as a means to celebrate special occasions. As I grew older, my craving (渴望) intensified, leading me to seek the sweet comfort of chocolate, Coke, and Cheese Cheetos. These sugary delights became my escape from the stress and worries in my life. It wasn’t until my reflection in the mirror no longer matched the lively, intelligent person I felt inside that I realized the severity of my situation. Clothes that once fit me perfectly are now uncomfortably light, and climbing a flght of stairs leaves me breathless. Not to mention that, in the past two to three years, my weight gain has influenced my self-esteem, confidence, and overall well-being. In my search for a healthier lifestyle, I decided to turn to zero-calorie drinks, believing they would be a healthier alternative to my beloved sugary drinks. However, my research led me to an alarming discovery of the dangers of aspartame, a commonly used artificial sweetener found in many zero-calorie drinks. Despite its lack of calories, aspartame has been linked to many health concerns including headaches, dizziness, and even more severe conditions. More studies are needed to learn about artificial sweeteners’ long-term effects on our health. Still, knowing this put me off zero-calorie drinks for a while! With newfound knowledge and determination, I began my journey, to break free from sugar addiction. The journey was challenging, with persistent cravings and constant temptations (诱惑). However, armed with healthier snack alternatives, such as fruit and nuts, and the support of loved ones, I gradually weaned myself off the sugar roller coaster. I am rediscovering some of the joys of a more balanced lifestyle. Regular exercise became my companion, boosting my energy levels and reducing stress. 4. What initially attracted the author to sugar? A. Sugary delights. B. Childhood rewards. C. Stressful situations. D. Personal achievements. 5. What can be learned about zero-calorie drinks? A. They are free of artificial sweeteners. B. They can contribute to weight loss. C. They are highly favored by the market. D. They pose a potential threat to health. 6. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph? A. Stopped consuming sugar. B. Switched to sugar replacements. C Monitored my sugar levels. D. Learned the tricks of sugar control. 7. Which of the following can best describe the author? A. Self-aware and reflective. B. Inquiring but careless. C. Determined but impatient. D. Self-disciplined and ambitious. C We’ve all had the experience. We’re reading along and suddenly realize that although our eyes are scanning the words on the page, nothing is actually registering. Minutes pass before we realize that we’ve lost the plot entirely. In classrooms, students tend to experience this drift (偏移) in attention while reading texts that are challenging or highly technical — the sorts of passages middle schoolers and high schoolers might encounter in science, math, or history. In a 2024 study of “mindless reading,” researchers from the University of Wü rzburg tracked the reading speed and attention of undergraduates studying a complex science text. At multiple points during the exercise, prompts (提示) appeared asking students “Was your mind wandering when you read the last sentence?” Students confirmed multiple instances of loss of attention. Researchers found that variations in reading speed, lingering (逗留) on the same passage for long periods, and skipping words were signals that students were struggling to remain focused or to understand the material, and also predicted poorer performance on later tests. But these problems are not insolvable. The University of Wü rzburg researchers also concluded that when students were trained to recognize when they lost track of sentence-level information or got stuck on passages — and were taught strategies to “plan, monitor, and regulate their reading” — they were able to successfully re-route their attention. To convince students of the importance of effective reading strategies, it’s important to explain the long-term benefits of sticking through complex texts. For example, learning how to make sense of a technical science text may help if students decide to work in engineering. The skills they use to make sense of a history text may help in future legal careers. Try to make it clear, literacy expert Timothy Shanahan says, that when we teach students how to push through difficult texts, “what we’re really doing is showing them how to gain access to all of these different fields in our society.” 8. Students tend to lose their focus while reading if ________. A. the reading text is long B. they are in a classroom C. the reading material is complex D. they are middle or high schoolers 9. Which of the following is a signal of “mindless reading”? A. Reading too quickly. B. Poor performance on tests. C. Changes in reading speed. D. Spending much time reading. 10. What should students do if they experience “mindless reading”? A. Change the reading materials. B. Get to know why they get stuck on passages. C. Learn to notice when their attention wanders. D. Pay more attention to sentence-level information. 11. What is Shanahan’s attitude to helping students push through difficult texts? A. Favorable. B. Cautious. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. D A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy, involving a trial-and- error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study. In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged. If they got it correct, they received food; if they were wrong, they received nothing. Results showed that, through trial and error, the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks, increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%. Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning, which is linking two phenomena with each other. For example, it is easy to understand the link. between “water” and “wet”. “Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to. explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do,” Turner said. But that’s exactly what the researchers found. The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction. And, like the pigeons, the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers. For humans, the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the task easier. But in this case, there were no rules, which upsets humans. What’s interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans, Turner said. “We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence: at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said. 12. What is the purpose of the new study? A. To test a theory. B. To evaluate a model. C. To employ a strategy. D. To involve an approach. 13. What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment? A. Draw circles. B. Correct errors. C. Copy gestures. D. Identify images. 14. What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study? A. They are of equal intelligence. B. They are good at making rules. C. They respond rapidly to orders from humans. D. They employ simple ways to get things done. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Pigeons’ trial-and-error method is revealed B. Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks C. “Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI D. AI models after pigeons’ learning approach E How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. ____16____Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias (认知偏见), a tendency toward a specific mental mistake. To study “jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. ____17____ In a quiz about US citizens, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did — even when their answers were wrong. So what is behind “jumping”? Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. ____18____ It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusion made at first sight without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning. ____19____ A method called cognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are faced with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to gradually get rid of participants’ overconfidence. In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead jump to a conclusion is a frequent and important one. ____20____ Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice. A. Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers. B. Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence. C. We plan to trace other problems introduced by jumping. D. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions. E. It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision. F. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. G. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake. 二、完形填空（本大题共1小题） I was on vacation in Cuba and during an afternoon, I went to a dolphin cove (小海湾) where you could have a close look at dolphins and even swim with them. At first, my expectations were quite ___21___ for this. I’ve never been a(n) ___22___ of captive (圈养的) animals so I don’t go to the zoo. There were about 6 cages underwater surrounding the dock where the ___23___ were and where you could swim with them. These cages had no ___24___ part. They rose out of the ___25___ about a foot and had a fairly good amount of depth. These dolphins could easily jump over the cages. As the tour started, ___26___, our Cuban guide overheard everyone talking about the cages. Therefore, he started off the tour by ___27___ the intelligence of dolphins and the deal ___28___ people made with them. Not sure how they started the ___29___, but basically it follows as this. These dolphins are completely ____30____. They arrive inland during a certain part of the season when they find it difficult to find ____31____ in the seas. They will ____32____ and live in the dolphin park and get fed with really good food. When hurricane season starts, they go back to the ____33____ and stay there until the season changes. The dolphins are there by their own free will because it ____34____ them. I wished other facilities could establish a ____35____like this. 21. A. normal B. low C. unrealistic D. positive 22. A. observer B. victim C. fan D. owner 23. A. dolphins B. fishermen C. tourists D. boats 24. A. strong B. top C. flat D. large 25. A. roof B. house C. dock D. water 26. A. luckily B. amazingly C. obviously D. eventually 27. A. explaining B. exploring C. testing D. admiring 28. A. local B. primitive C. brave D. tough 29. A. research B. experiment C. adventure D. process 30. A. reliable B. wild C. stress-free D. self-willed 31. A. fun B. land C. help D. food 32. A. hide B. hunt C. dive D. perform 33. A. island B. ocean C. park D. cage 34. A. relaxes B. benefits C. inspires D. cures 35. A. standard B. relationship C. program D. regulation 三、翻译（本大题共5小题） 汉译英 36. 仪式n. ________________ 37. 基本上地adv.________________ 38. 谨慎的adj.________________ 39. 突破n.________________ 40. 歧视n.________________ 41. 澄清；阐明v.________________ 42. 应得v.________________ 43. 批评n.________________ 44 减少；谢绝v.________________ 45. 抱怨n. ________________ 写出加黑部分词性和汉语意思 46. The government expressed its resolve and determination to uncover the truth. ________ 47. He is engaged in a bitter struggle with his rival (对手) to get control of the company. ________ 48. For the convenience of her twin daughters,she furnished the bathroom with two showers,and two sinks. ________ 49. The bark of the young tree was removed and soon it died. ________ 英译汉 50. record v. ________ n. ________ 51. species n. ________ 52. identification n. ________ 53. forecast v. ________ 54. presentation n. ________ 55. additional adj. ________ 56. perform v. ________ 57. assess v. ________ 58. charity n. ________ 59. starvation n. ________ 60. fund n. ________ v. ________ 61. upload v. ________ 62. frequent adj. ________ 英译汉 63. enthusiasm n. ________ 64 facility n. ________ 65. shelter v. ________ n. ________ 66. duty n. ________ 67. relief n. ________ 68. admit v. ________ 69. tutor v. ________ n. ________ 70. potential adj. ________ n. ________ 71. restrict v. ________ 72 equal adj. ________ v. ________ n. ________ 73. district n. ________ 74. devotion n. ________ 75. enthusiastic adj. ________ 英译汉 76. deserved adj. ________ 77. assumption n. ________ 78. academic adj. ________ 79. complex adj. ________ 80. appealing adj. ________ 81. crash v. ________ n. ________ 82. external adj. ________ 83. internal adj. ________ 84. minimize v. ________ 85. attend v. ________ 86. alternative adj. ________ n. ________ 87. surrounding adj. ________ 英汉互译 88. ________________关/开（电灯、机器等） 89. ________________日常生活 90. ________________在初期；早先 91. ________________着火 92. ________________从这种（某种）意义上来讲 93. along with________________ 94. respond to________________ 95. keep track of________________ 96. in addition________________ 97. prevent...from... ________________ 单词释义 charge A. 控告 B. 负责 C. 向……冲去 D. 收费 E. 给……充电 98. The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter. ________ 99. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room. ________ 100. The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company. ________ 101. The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone. ________ 102. Seeing her mother, the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly. ________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 四川省绵阳东辰国际学校2025-2026学年高二上学期开学分班检测 英语试卷 一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题） A Fundraising Support Volunteers About this opportunity If you are looking for a volunteer position at this time and are located in Queensland, this role could be perfect for you! Arthritis Queensland is looking for some warm and engaging Fundraising Support Volunteers. These volunteers will call our donors and supporters to let them know how much we appreciate their help! There is no asking for donations in this role. This is an online role and will be done from your own home. The shifts are flexible and will be on an agreed schedule. Full training will be provided before you begin. All that you will need for this role is a reliable telephone and a computer with a reliable Internet connection. Please read the Arthritis Queensland position description and fill in our application form (the link will be sent to you after you express your interest). From there we’ll review your application and you may be invited for a phone interview to discuss the role. We look forward to hearing from you! Additional requirements ●Excellent communication skills ●Comfortable with using Microsoft IT packages ●Willing to obtain a Police Check (organised through Arthritis Queensland) ●Strong customer service skills and a friendly phone manner Time Required ●Up to 15 hours over two days per week Suitable for ●Online & Remote Volunteers ●People with disability 1. What does Arthritis Queensland ask the volunteers to do? A. Provide financial support. B. Make thank-you calls. C. Organize fundraising events. D. Ask for donations online. 2. What is required of applicants? A. Being skilled at using Microsoft IT packages. B. Attending a face-to-face interview. C. Having a large customer base. D. Being available on weekends. 3. Who are most likely to apply? A. Those who can’t afford a computer. B. Those who live outside Queensland. C. Those who prefer to work from home. D. Those who don’t like engaging with people. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Arthritis Queensland的志愿者招募信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据About this opportunity部分的第二段中“These volunteers will call our donors and supporters to let them know how much we appreciate their help! There is no asking for donations in this role. (这些志愿者将会打电话给我们的捐助者和支持者，告诉他们我们多么感谢他们的帮助！这个角色不需要请求捐款)”可知，Arthritis Queensland让志愿者给捐赠者和支持者打电话表达感谢。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Additional requirements部分中的“Comfortable with using Microsoft IT packages (熟练使用微软办公软件包)”可知，申请者需要熟练使用微软的IT软件包。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据About this opportunity部分的第三段中“This is an online role and will be done from your own home. (这是一项在线工作，可以在家中完成)”可知，这个志愿者工作是在家完成，所以那些更喜欢在家工作的人最有可能申请。故选C。 B My affair with sugar began innocently enough in my childhood, when I indulged (沉迷) in sweet treats as rewards for good behavior by overworked but loving parents, or as a means to celebrate special occasions. As I grew older, my craving (渴望) intensified, leading me to seek the sweet comfort of chocolate, Coke, and Cheese Cheetos. These sugary delights became my escape from the stress and worries in my life. It wasn’t until my reflection in the mirror no longer matched the lively, intelligent person I felt inside that I realized the severity of my situation. Clothes that once fit me perfectly are now uncomfortably light, and climbing a flght of stairs leaves me breathless. Not to mention that, in the past two to three years, my weight gain has influenced my self-esteem, confidence, and overall well-being. In my search for a healthier lifestyle, I decided to turn to zero-calorie drinks, believing they would be a healthier alternative to my beloved sugary drinks. However, my research led me to an alarming discovery of the dangers of aspartame, a commonly used artificial sweetener found in many zero-calorie drinks. Despite its lack of calories, aspartame has been linked to many health concerns including headaches, dizziness, and even more severe conditions. More studies are needed to learn about artificial sweeteners’ long-term effects on our health. Still, knowing this put me off zero-calorie drinks for a while! With newfound knowledge and determination, I began my journey, to break free from sugar addiction. The journey was challenging, with persistent cravings and constant temptations (诱惑). However, armed with healthier snack alternatives, such as fruit and nuts, and the support of loved ones, I gradually weaned myself off the sugar roller coaster. I am rediscovering some of the joys of a more balanced lifestyle. Regular exercise became my companion, boosting my energy levels and reducing stress. 4. What initially attracted the author to sugar? A Sugary delights. B. Childhood rewards. C Stressful situations. D. Personal achievements. 5. What can be learned about zero-calorie drinks? A. They are free of artificial sweeteners. B. They can contribute to weight loss. C. They are highly favored by the market. D. They pose a potential threat to health. 6. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph? A. Stopped consuming sugar. B. Switched to sugar replacements. C. Monitored my sugar levels. D. Learned the tricks of sugar control. 7. Which of the following can best describe the author? A. Self-aware and reflective. B. Inquiring but careless. C. Determined but impatient. D. Self-disciplined and ambitious. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者从童年时期开始与糖结缘，随着成长逐渐沉迷糖分并因此引发健康和心理问题，之后通过研究发现零卡路里饮料的潜在危害，最终下定决心摆脱糖瘾、追寻更健康生活方式的经历。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“My affair with sugar began innocently enough in my childhood, when I indulged (沉迷) in sweet treats as rewards for good behavior by overworked but loving parents, or as a means to celebrate special occasions. (我与糖的纠葛始于童年时期，那时，辛勤却充满爱意的父母会将甜食作为我表现良好的奖励，或者将其作为庆祝特殊场合的方式，我就这样沉迷于甜食之中)”可知，作者最初被糖吸引是因为童年时期，甜食是父母给予的良好表现奖励。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, my research led me to an alarming discovery of the dangers of aspartame, a commonly used artificial sweetener found in many zero-calorie drinks. Despite its lack of calories, aspartame has been linked to many health concerns including headaches, dizziness, and even more severe conditions. (然而，我的研究让我有了一个令人担忧的发现：阿斯巴甜存在危害，它是一种常用的人工甜味剂，多见于许多零卡路里饮料中。尽管不含卡路里，但阿斯巴甜却与多种健康问题相关，包括头痛、头晕，甚至更严重的疾病)”可知，零卡路里饮料中含有的人工甜味剂可能带来健康风险，即它对健康构成潜在威胁。故选D项。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“With newfound knowledge and determination, I began my journey, to break free from sugar addiction. The journey was challenging, with persistent cravings and constant temptations (诱惑). However, armed with healthier snack alternatives, such as fruit and nuts, and the support of loved ones, I gradually weaned myself off the sugar roller coaster. (凭借新获得的知识和决心，我开启了摆脱糖瘾的旅程。这段旅程充满挑战，糖瘾带来的渴望挥之不去，诱惑也无处不在。然而，有了水果、坚果等更健康的零食替代品，再加上亲人的支持，我逐渐weaned myself off the sugar roller coaster)”可知，作者的目标是“break free from sugar addiction (摆脱糖瘾)”，结合“healthier snack alternatives (更健康的零食替代品)”可推测，“weaned myself off the sugar roller coaster”指的是作者逐渐停止摄入糖分。故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“It wasn’t until my reflection in the mirror no longer matched the lively, intelligent person I felt inside that I realized the severity of my situation. (直到镜子里的自己与我内心感受到的那个活泼、聪慧的形象不再相符，我才意识到问题的严重性)”可知，作者能通过自我观察发现自身问题，体现其“有自我认知的”；再根据第三段“In my search for a healthier lifestyle, I decided to turn to zero-calorie drinks, believing they would be a healthier alternative to my beloved sugary drinks. However, my research led me to an alarming discovery of the dangers of aspartame, a commonly used artificial sweetener found in many zero-calorie drinks. (在我追寻更健康的生活方式时，我决定转而选择零卡路里饮料，认为它们会是我钟爱的含糖饮料的更健康替代品。然而，我的研究却让我有了一个令人担忧的发现——阿斯巴甜存在危害。阿斯巴甜是一种常用的人工甜味剂，多见于许多零卡路里饮料中)”以及最后一段开启戒糖之旅可知，作者会主动反思并调整生活方式，体现其“reflective（善于反思的）”，综上，作者是有自我认知且善于反思的人。故选A项。 C We’ve all had the experience. We’re reading along and suddenly realize that although our eyes are scanning the words on the page, nothing is actually registering. Minutes pass before we realize that we’ve lost the plot entirely. In classrooms, students tend to experience this drift (偏移) in attention while reading texts that are challenging or highly technical — the sorts of passages middle schoolers and high schoolers might encounter in science, math, or history. In a 2024 study of “mindless reading,” researchers from the University of Wü rzburg tracked the reading speed and attention of undergraduates studying a complex science text. At multiple points during the exercise, prompts (提示) appeared asking students “Was your mind wandering when you read the last sentence?” Students confirmed multiple instances of loss of attention. Researchers found that variations in reading speed, lingering (逗留) on the same passage for long periods, and skipping words were signals that students were struggling to remain focused or to understand the material, and also predicted poorer performance on later tests. But these problems are not insolvable. The University of Wü rzburg researchers also concluded that when students were trained to recognize when they lost track of sentence-level information or got stuck on passages — and were taught strategies to “plan, monitor, and regulate their reading” — they were able to successfully re-route their attention. To convince students of the importance of effective reading strategies, it’s important to explain the long-term benefits of sticking through complex texts. For example, learning how to make sense of a technical science text may help if students decide to work in engineering. The skills they use to make sense of a history text may help in future legal careers. Try to make it clear, literacy expert Timothy Shanahan says, that when we teach students how to push through difficult texts, “what we’re really doing is showing them how to gain access to all of these different fields in our society.” 8. Students tend to lose their focus while reading if ________. A. the reading text is long B. they are in a classroom C. the reading material is complex D. they are middle or high schoolers 9. Which of the following is a signal of “mindless reading”? A. Reading too quickly. B. Poor performance on tests. C. Changes in reading speed. D. Spending much time reading. 10. What should students do if they experience “mindless reading”? A. Change the reading materials. B. Get to know why they get stuck on passages. C. Learn to notice when their attention wanders. D. Pay more attention to sentence-level information. 11. What is Shanahan’s attitude to helping students push through difficult texts? A. Favorable. B. Cautious. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了学生在阅读复杂或具有技术性的文本时容易分心，并且对其后果进行了分析，提出了解决的方法，并强调培养有效阅读策略的重要性。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In classrooms, students tend to experience this drift (偏移) in attention while reading texts that are challenging or highly technical—the sorts of passages middle schoolers and high schoolers might encounter in science, math, or history.”(在课堂上，学生在阅读具有挑战性或高度技术性的文本时往往会注意力涣散——这类文本可能出现在中学生或高中生的科学、数学或历史内容中)”可知，学生在阅读复杂材料时容易失去注意力。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Researchers found that variations in reading speed, lingering (逗留) on the same passage for long periods, and skipping words were signals that students were struggling to remain focused or to understand the material.(研究人员发现，阅读速度的变化、长时间停留在同一段落，以及跳过单词是学生难以集中注意力或理解材料的信号)”可知，“心不在焉的阅读”的信号是阅读速度发生变化。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“when students were trained to recognize when they lost track of sentence-level information or got stuck on passages—and were taught strategies to “plan, monitor, and regulate their reading”—they were able to successfully re-route their attention.(当学生被训练识别出他们在句子层面上失去信息或在段落中卡住时——并被教授“计划、监控和调节阅读”的策略——他们能够成功地重新集中注意力)”可知，学生应学会识别什么时候注意力涣散了。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Try to make it clear, literacy expert Timothy Shanahan says, that when we teach students how to push through difficult texts, “what we’re really doing is showing them how to gain access to all of these different fields in our society.(试着讲清楚，阅读专家蒂莫西·沙纳汉说，当我们教学生如何克服难懂的文本时，“我们实际上是在向他们展示如何进入我们社会的所有这些不同领域。”)”可知，Shanahan对帮助学生克服困难文本持支持态度。故选A。 D A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy, involving a trial-and- error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study. In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged. If they got it correct, they received food; if they were wrong, they received nothing. Results showed that, through trial and error, the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks, increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%. Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning, which is linking two phenomena with each other. For example, it is easy to understand the link. between “water” and “wet”. “Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to. explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do,” Turner said. But that’s exactly what the researchers found. The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction. And, like the pigeons, the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers. For humans, the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the task easier. But in this case, there were no rules, which upsets humans. What’s interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans, Turner said. “We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence: at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said. 12. What is the purpose of the new study? A. To test a theory. B. To evaluate a model. C. To employ a strategy. D. To involve an approach. 13. What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment? A. Draw circles. B. Correct errors. C. Copy gestures. D. Identify images. 14. What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study? A. They are of equal intelligence. B. They are good at making rules. C. They respond rapidly to orders from humans. D They employ simple ways to get things done. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A Pigeons’ trial-and-error method is revealed B. Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks C. “Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI D. AI models after pigeons’ learning approach 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究揭示了鸽子在某些问题解决上的能力与人工智能相似，并通过实验验证了这一观点。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy, involving a trial-and- error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.(一项新的研究表明，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，使它们能够解决可能挑战人类的困难任务。先前的研究推测，鸽子采用一种解决问题的策略，包括试错法，这与人工智能模型中使用的方法类似，但不同于人类对选择性注意和规则使用的依赖。为了检验这一点，俄亥俄州立大学的心理学教授布兰登·特纳和他的同事进行了这项新研究)”可知，这项新研究的目的是为了检验一个理论。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.(在这项研究中，研究人员向鸽子展示了各种视觉图像，包括不同宽度和角度的线条，以及不同类型的环。鸽子必须啄一下图片左边或右边的一个按钮来表示图片所属的类别)”可知，鸽子在实验中需要识别图像。故选D项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction.(研究人员的人工智能模型只使用了假设鸽子使用的两种简单机制：联想学习和纠错)”以及最后一段“What’s interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans, Turner said. “We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence: at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said.(Turner说，有趣的是，鸽子使用的这种学习方法与人类设计的人工智能非常相似。他说：“我们为自己设计出人工智能而感到高兴，但同时，我们认为鸽子并不聪明。”)”可知，根据这项研究，鸽子和人工智能都采用简单的方法来完成任务。故选D项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy, involving a trial-and- error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.(一项新的研究表明，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，使它们能够解决可能挑战人类的困难任务。先前的研究推测，鸽子采用一种解决问题的策略，包括试错法，这与人工智能模型中使用的方法类似，但不同于人类对选择性注意和规则使用的依赖。为了检验这一点，俄亥俄州立大学的心理学教授布兰登·特纳和他的同事进行了这项新研究)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了研究表明鸽子在某些问题解决上的能力与人工智能相似，因此选项C““Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI(“不聪明”的鸽子可能和人工智能一样聪明)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。 E How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. ____16____Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias (认知偏见), a tendency toward a specific mental mistake. To study “jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. ____17____ In a quiz about US citizens, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did — even when their answers were wrong. So what is behind “jumping”? Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. ____18____ It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusion made at first sight without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning. ____19____ A method called cognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are faced with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to gradually get rid of participants’ overconfidence. In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead jump to a conclusion is a frequent and important one. ____20____ Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice. A. Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers. B. Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence. C. We plan to trace other problems introduced by jumping. D. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions. E. It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision. F. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. G. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake. 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. A 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。但一种叫元认知训练的方法可以帮助那些急于得出结论的人。 【16题详解】 根据上文“How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice.(你在做决定之前花了多少时间做研究？有些人在做出选择之前会仔细考虑每一个细节)”结合下文提到了jumper“急于得出结论的人”可知，呼应上文仔细考虑每一个细节的人，空处应提出另一种人——急于得出结论的人。D项“但相当一部分人很快就会得出结论”符合题意，与上文内容形成对比。故选D。 【17题详解】 根据上文“We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis.(我们发现，在需要深思熟虑分析的问题上，急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更多)”和下文“In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did—even when their answers were wrong.(在一次关于美国公民的测验中，他们大大高估了自己答案正确的几率——即使他们的答案是错误的)”推知，急于得出结论的人不仅容易犯错，而且过于自信，即使在答案是错误的情况下还高估答案正确的几率。B项“此外，急于得出结论的人也有过度自信的问题”符合题意，呈上启下。故选B。 【18题详解】 空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. (自动系统，反映容易、自发且无需努力就能进入大脑的想法，以及控制系统，包括有意识和轻松的推理。急于得出结论的人和仔细思考者同样受到自动思维的影响)”可知，两类人都受到自动思维的影响。但因为是两种不同的人，因此他们在受影响的程度，或思维模式方面可能有所不同。F项“然而，急于得出结论的人并没有像仔细思考者那样进行控制推理”符合题意，承接上文，指出了他们的不同之处。故选F。 【19题详解】 空处位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文“A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants’ overconfidence.(一种叫做元认知训练的方法可以用来针对他们的偏见，这可以帮助人们更慎重地思考。在这个培训中，参与者要面对自己的偏见。他们可以学习到错误的地方和思考问题的其他方法。它有助于消除参与者的过度自信)”可知，有方法帮助急于得出结论的人克服他们的问题，消除过度自信。A项“幸运的是，急于得出结论者可能还有一些希望”符合题意。故选A。 【20题详解】 根据上文“In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one.(在日常生活中，我们是应该深思熟虑，还是按照直觉行事，这是一个常见而重要的问题)”和下文“Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.(有时候，我们做出的最重要决定可能要做出选择之前多花些时间)”可知，相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。G项“最近的研究表明，即使只收集了一点更多的证据，也可以帮助我们避免重大错误”符合题意。故选G。 二、完形填空（本大题共1小题） I was on vacation in Cuba and during an afternoon, I went to a dolphin cove (小海湾) where you could have a close look at dolphins and even swim with them. At first, my expectations were quite ___21___ for this. I’ve never been a(n) ___22___ of captive (圈养的) animals so I don’t go to the zoo. There were about 6 cages underwater surrounding the dock where the ___23___ were and where you could swim with them. These cages had no ___24___ part. They rose out of the ___25___ about a foot and had a fairly good amount of depth. These dolphins could easily jump over the cages. As the tour started, ___26___, our Cuban guide overheard everyone talking about the cages. Therefore, he started off the tour by ___27___ the intelligence of dolphins and the deal ___28___ people made with them. Not sure how they started the ___29___, but basically it follows as this. These dolphins are completely ____30____. They arrive inland during a certain part of the season when they find it difficult to find ____31____ in the seas. They will ____32____ and live in the dolphin park and get fed with really good food. When hurricane season starts, they go back to the ____33____ and stay there until the season changes. The dolphins are there by their own free will because it ____34____ them. I wished other facilities could establish a ____35____like this. 21. A. normal B. low C. unrealistic D. positive 22. A. observer B. victim C. fan D. owner 23. A. dolphins B. fishermen C. tourists D. boats 24. A. strong B. top C. flat D. large 25. A. roof B. house C. dock D. water 26. A. luckily B. amazingly C. obviously D. eventually 27. A. explaining B. exploring C. testing D. admiring 28. A. local B. primitive C. brave D. tough 29. A. research B. experiment C. adventure D. process 30. A. reliable B. wild C. stress-free D. self-willed 31. A. fun B. land C. help D. food 32. A. hide B. hunt C. dive D. perform 33. A. island B. ocean C. park D. cage 34. A. relaxes B. benefits C. inspires D. cures 35. A. standard B. relationship C. program D. regulation 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在古巴海豚湾的见闻。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，我对此的期望很低。A. normal正常的；B. low低的；C. unrealistic不现实的；D. positive积极的。根据下文“I’ve never been a(n) ___2___ of captive animals so I don’t go to the zoo.”可知，此处表示起初作者的期望很低。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来都不是圈养动物的粉丝，所以我不去动物园。A. observer观察员；B. victim受害者；C. fan粉丝；D. owner所有者。根据下文“of captive animals so I don’t go to the zoo”可知，此处表示作者不是圈养动物的粉丝。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：码头周围有大约6个水下笼子，海豚就在那里，你可以和它们一起游泳。A. dolphins海豚；B. fishermen渔民；C. tourists游客；D. boats船只。根据上文“I went to a dolphin cove”可知，作者去了海豚湾，所以此处表示海豚在水下笼子里。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些笼子没有顶部。A. strong坚固的；B. top顶部的；C. flat平坦的；D. large大的。根据下文“These dolphins could easily jump over the cages.”可知，这些笼子没有顶端的部分。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们从水里浮出来大约一英尺，相当深。A. roof屋顶；B. house房屋；C. dock码头；D. water水。根据下文“about a foot and had a fairly good amount of depth.”可知，此处表示笼子从水里浮出来大约一英尺。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显，当旅行开始时，我们的古巴导游无意中听到每个人都在谈论笼子。A. luckily幸运地；B. amazingly令人惊讶地；C. obviously明显地；D. eventually最终。根据下文“Therefore, he started off the tour by ___7___ the intelligence of dolphins and the deal ___8___ people made with them.”可知，导游明显听到了人们谈论笼子。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他首先解释了海豚的智力以及当地人与海豚的交易。A. explaining解释；B. exploring探索；C. testing测试；D. admiring欣赏。根据下文“the intelligence of dolphins and the deal ___8___ people made with them.”可知，此处表示导游在进行解释。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，他首先解释了海豚的智力以及当地人与海豚的交易。A. local当地的；B. primitive原始的；C. brave勇敢的；D. tough坚韧的。根据下文“Not sure how they started the ___9___ , but basically it follows as this.”以及常识可知，此处表示当地人与海豚进行交易。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不确定它们是如何开始这个过程的，但基本上是这样的。A. research研究；B. experiment实验；C. adventure冒险；D. process过程。根据下文“They arrive inland during a certain part of the season when they find it difficult to find ___11___ in the seas. They will ___12___ and live in the dolphin park and get fed with really good food. When hurricane season starts, they go back to the ___13___ and stay there until the season changes.”可知，此处表示海豚与人类合作的过程。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些海豚是完全野生的。A. reliable可靠的；B. wild野生的；C. stress-free无压力的；D. self-willed任性的。根据下文“when they find it difficult to find ___11___ in the seas.”以及“When hurricane season starts, they go back to the ___13___ and stay there until the season changes.”可知，这些海豚是野生的。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们在季节的某个时候到达内陆，这时它们发现很难在海里找到食物。A. fun乐趣；B. land土地；C. help帮助；D. food食物。根据下文“live in the dolphin park and get fed with really good food.”可知，此处表示海豚发现在海里很难找到食物。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们将在海豚公园表演和生活，吃到真正美味的食物。A. hide隐藏；B. hunt狩猎；C. dive潜水；D. perform表演。根据上文“you could have a close look at dolphins and even swim with them.”可知，海豚会在公园里表演和生活。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当飓风季节开始时，它们会回到海洋，一直待在那里直到季节变化。A. island岛；B. ocean海洋；C. park公园；D. cage笼子。根据上文“They arrive inland during a certain part of the season when they find it difficult to find ___11___ in the seas.”可知，此处表示海豚们回到海洋。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：海豚在那里是出于它们自己的自由意志，因为这对它们有利。A. relaxes使放松；B. benefits有益于；C. inspires激励；D. cures治愈。根据上文“They will ___12___ and live in the dolphin park and get fed with really good food.”可知，此处表示这对海豚有益处。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望其他场所也能建立这样的关系。A. standard标准；B. relationship关系；C. program计划；D. regulation法规。根据上文“he started off the tour by ___7___ the intelligence of dolphins and the deal ___8___ people made with them.”以及语境可知，此处表示作者希望其他场所也能建立类似这样的关系。故选B项。 三、翻译（本大题共5小题） 汉译英 36. 仪式n. ________________ 37. 基本上地adv.________________ 38. 谨慎的adj.________________ 39. 突破n.________________ 40. 歧视n.________________ 41. 澄清；阐明v.________________ 42. 应得v.________________ 43. 批评n.________________ 44. 减少；谢绝v.________________ 45. 抱怨n. ________________ 【答案】36. ceremony 37. basically 38. cautious 39. breakthrough 40. discrimination 41. clarify 42. deserve 43. criticism 44. decline 45. complaint 【解析】 【36题详解】 “仪式”在英文中翻译为“ceremony”，根据词性可知是名词，故答案是ceremony。 【37题详解】 “基本上地”在英文中翻译为“basically”，根据词性可知是副词，故答案是basically。 【38题详解】 “谨慎的”在英文中翻译为“cautious”，根据词性可知是形容词，故答案是cautious。 【39题详解】 “突破”在英文中翻译为“breakthrough”，根据词性可知是名词，故答案是breakthrough。 【40题详解】 “歧视”在英文中翻译为“discrimination”，根据词性可知是名词，故答案是discrimination。 【41题详解】 “澄清；阐明”在英文中翻译为“clarify”，根据词性可知是动词，故答案是clarify。 【42题详解】 “应得”在英文中翻译为“deserve”，根据词性可知是动词，故答案是deserve。 【43题详解】 “批评”在英文中翻译为“criticism”，根据词性可知是名词，故答案是criticism。 【44题详解】 “减少；谢绝”在英文中翻译为“decline”，根据词性可知是动词，故答案是decline。 【45题详解】 “抱怨”在英文中翻译为“complaint”，根据词性可知是名词，故答案是complaint。 写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 46. The government expressed its resolve and determination to uncover the truth. ________ 47. He is engaged in a bitter struggle with his rival (对手) to get control of the company. ________ 48. For the convenience of her twin daughters,she furnished the bathroom with two showers,and two sinks. ________ 49. The bark of the young tree was removed and soon it died. ________ 【答案】46. n.坚定的信念 47. adj.激烈的 48. n.洗脸盆;洗涤槽 49. n.树皮 【解析】 【46题详解】 考查名词。句意：政府明确表示将全力以赴查明真相。加粗词与determination“决心”并列，为名词，意思为：坚定的信念。故填：n.坚定的信念。 【47题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他正与对手激烈竞争，试图掌控这家公司。加粗词修饰struggle“竞争”，为形容词作定语，意思为：激烈的。故填：adj.激烈的。 【48题详解】 考查名词。句意：为了方便她的两个女儿使用，她在浴室里配备了两个淋浴喷头和两个水槽。加粗词sinks为名词，根据前文furnished the bathroom with two showers“为浴室配备了两个淋浴喷头”可知，sinks为“洗脸盆;洗涤槽”。故填：n.洗脸盆；洗涤槽。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：这棵小树的树皮被剥掉了，不久它就死了。bark为名词，根据of the young tree“这棵小树”可知，加粗词bark意思为：树皮。故填：n.树皮。 英译汉 50. record v. ________ n. ________ 51. species n. ________ 52. identification n. ________ 53. forecast v. ________ 54. presentation n. ________ 55. additional adj. ________ 56. perform v. ________ 57. assess v. ________ 58. charity n. ________ 59. starvation n. ________ 60. fund n. ________ v. ________ 61. upload v. ________ 62. frequent adj. ________ 【答案】50. ①. 记录，记载 ②. 记录，记载 51. （动植物的）种，物种；种类 52. 辨认，识别；确认，确定；身份证明 53. 预测，预报 54. 仪式，典礼；授予，颁发；陈述，报告 55. 附加的，额外的 56. 做；履行；执行；演出；表演；工作，运转（好/不好） 57. 评估；估价；估算 58. 慈善组织，慈善机构；慈善事业 59. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死 60. ①. 基金，专款；资金；基金会 ②. 资助，为……提供资金 61. 上载，上传 62. 频繁的，经常性的 【解析】 【50题详解】 record可作动词或名词，意为“记录，记载”。故填①记录，记载②记录，记载。 【51题详解】 species是名词，意为“（动植物的）种，物种；种类”，故填“（动植物的）种，物种；种类”。 【52题详解】 identification是名词，意为“辨认，识别；确认，确定；身份证明”，故填“辨认，识别；确认，确定；身份证明”。 【53题详解】 forecast是动词，意为“预测，预报”，故填“预测，预报”。 【54题详解】 presentation是名词，意为“仪式，典礼；授予，颁发；陈述，报告”，故填“仪式，典礼；授予，颁发；陈述，报告”。 【55题详解】 additional是形容词，意为“附加的，额外的”，故填“附加的，额外的”。 【56题详解】 perform是动词，意为“做；履行；执行；演出；表演；工作，运转（好/不好）”，故填“做；履行；执行；演出；表演；工作，运转（好/不好）”。 【57题详解】 assess是动词，意为“评估；估价；估算”，故填“评估；估价；估算”。 【58题详解】 charity是名词，意为“慈善组织，慈善机构；慈善事业”，故填“慈善组织，慈善机构；慈善事业”。 【59题详解】 starvation是名词，意为“饥饿；挨饿；饿死”，故填“饥饿；挨饿；饿死”。 【60题详解】 fund可作名词或动词，作名词时意为“基金，专款；资金；基金会”，作动词时意为“资助，为……提供资金”。故填①基金，专款；资金；基金会②资助，为……提供资金。 【61题详解】 upload是动词，意为“上载，上传”，故填“上载，上传”。 【62题详解】 frequent是形容词，意为“频繁的，经常性的”。故填“频繁的，经常性的”。 英译汉 63. enthusiasm n. ________ 64. facility n. ________ 65. shelter v. ________ n. ________ 66. duty n. ________ 67. relief n. ________ 68. admit v. ________ 69. tutor v. ________ n. ________ 70. potential adj. ________ n. ________ 71. restrict v. ________ 72. equal adj. ________ v. ________ n. ________ 73. district n. ________ 74. devotion n. ________ 75. enthusiastic adj. ________ 【答案】63. 热情，热忱 64. 设施，设备；场所 65. ①. 提供庇护，提供保护；躲避，避难 ②. 居所，住处；遮蔽物，庇护处；遮蔽，庇护；收容所 66. 责任，义务；值班；职责 67. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，缓解 68. 承认；准许进入(某处)；接纳，接收 69. ①. 指导，辅导，担任私人教师；当家庭教师 ②. 家庭教师，私人教师；导师 70. ①. 潜在的，可能的 ②. 潜力，可能性 71. 限制 72. ①. 相等的；平等的；胜任的；势均力敌的 ②. 等于；比得上 ③. 同等的人，相等物 73. 地区，区域；行政区，辖区 74. 挚爱；忠诚；奉献 75. 热心的，热情的 【解析】 【63题详解】 名词enthusiasm，汉语翻译为“热情，热忱”，故填：热情，热忱。 【64题详解】 名词facility，汉语翻译为“设施，设备；场所”，故填：设施，设备；场所。 【65题详解】 动词shelter，汉语翻译为“提供庇护，提供保护；躲避，避难”，其名词汉语翻译为“居所，住处；遮蔽物，庇护处；遮蔽，庇护；收容所”，故填：①提供庇护，提供保护；躲避，避难；②居所，住处；遮蔽物，庇护处；遮蔽，庇护；收容所。 【66题详解】 名词duty，汉语翻译为“责任，义务；值班；职责”，故填：责任，义务；值班；职责。 【67题详解】 名词relief，汉语翻译为“宽慰，轻松；减轻，缓解”，故填：宽慰，轻松；减轻，缓解。 【68题详解】 动词admit，汉语翻译为“承认；准许进入(某处)；接纳，接收”，故填：承认；准许进入(某处)；接纳，接收。 【69题详解】 动词tutor，汉语翻译为“指导，辅导，担任私人教师；当家庭教师”，其名词汉语翻译为“家庭教师，私人教师；导师”，故填：①指导，辅导，担任私人教师；当家庭教师；②家庭教师，私人教师；导师。 【70题详解】 形容词potential，汉语翻译为“潜在的，可能的”，其名词汉语翻译为“潜力，可能性”，故填：①潜在的，可能的；②潜力，可能性。 【71题详解】 动词restrict，汉语翻译为“限制”，故填：限制。 【72题详解】 形容词equal，汉语翻译为“相等的；平等的；胜任的；势均力敌的”，其动词汉语翻译为“等于；比得上”，其名词汉语翻译为“同等的人，相等物”，故填：①相等的；平等的；胜任的；势均力敌的；②等于；比得上；③同等的人，相等物。 【73题详解】 名词district，汉语翻译为“地区，区域；行政区，辖区”，故填：地区，区域；行政区，辖区。 【74题详解】 名词devotion，汉语翻译为“挚爱；忠诚；奉献”，故填：挚爱；忠诚；奉献。 【75题详解】 形容词enthusiastic，汉语翻译为“热心的，热情的”，故填：热心的，热情的。 英译汉 76. deserved adj. ________ 77. assumption n. ________ 78. academic adj. ________ 79. complex adj. ________ 80. appealing adj. ________ 81. crash v. ________ n. ________ 82. external adj. ________ 83. internal adj. ________ 84. minimize v. ________ 85. attend v. ________ 86. alternative adj. ________ n. ________ 87. surrounding adj. ________ 【答案】76. 应得，理所当然的 77. 假定，假设 78. 学业的，学术的；学校的，学院的 79. 复杂的，难懂的 80. 吸引人的，有感染力的 81. ①. 撞车，坠毁 ②. 撞车事故，失事；巨响，碰撞声 82. 外部的，外面的 83. 内部的，体内的 84. 使减少到最低限度 85. 出席，参加；经常去（某地）；照料 86. ①. 可供替代的，备选的 ②. 可供选择的事物 87. 周围的，附近的 【解析】 【76题详解】 deserved，形容词，中文意思为“应得的，理所当然的”。故翻译为：应得的，理所当然的。 【77题详解】 assumption，名词，中文意思为“假定，假设”。故翻译为：假定，假设。 【78题详解】 academic，形容词，中文意思为“学业的，学术的；学校的，学院的”。故翻译为：学业的，学术的；学校的，学院的。 【79题详解】 complex，形容词，中文意思为“复杂的，难懂的”。故翻译为：复杂的，难懂的。 【80题详解】 appealing，形容词，中文意思为“吸引人的，有感染力的”。故翻译为：吸引人的，有感染力的。 【81题详解】 crash，用作动词时中文意思为“撞车，坠毁”，作名词中文意思为“撞车事故，失事；巨响，碰撞声”。故翻译为：①撞车，坠毁；②撞车事故，失事；巨响，碰撞声。 【82题详解】 external，形容词，中文意思为“外部的，外面的”。故翻译为：外部的，外面的。 【83题详解】 internal，形容词，中文意思为“内部的，体内的”。故翻译为：内部的，体内的。 【84题详解】 minimize，动词，中文意思为“使减少到最低限度”。故翻译为：使减少到最低限度。 【85题详解】 attend，动词，中文意思为“出席，参加；经常去（某地）；照料”。故翻译为：出席，参加；经常去（某地）；照料。 【86题详解】 alternative，作形容词时中文意思为“可供替代的，备选的”，作名词时中文意思为“可供选择的事物”。故翻译为：①可供替代的，备选的；②可供选择的事物。 【87题详解】 surrounding，形容词，中文意思为“周围的，附近的”。故翻译为：周围的，附近的。 英汉互译 88. ________________关/开（电灯、机器等） 89. ________________日常生活 90. ________________在初期；早先 91. ________________着火 92. ________________从这种（某种）意义上来讲 93. along with________________ 94. respond to________________ 95. keep track of________________ 96. in addition________________ 97. prevent...from... ________________ 【答案】88. switch off/on 89. daily routine 90. early on 91. catch fire 92. in this sense(in...sense) 93. 沿着；随同；与……一起 94. 回应；响应 95. 记录；与……保持联系 96. 另外 97. 避免……；阻止…… 【解析】 【88题详解】 “关（电灯、机器等）”在英语中翻译为“switch off”，“开（电灯、机器等）”翻译为“switch on”表达。故答案为：switch off/on。 【89题详解】 “日常的”在英语中翻译为“daily”，“生活”即“惯例，常规”翻译为“routine”。因此，“日常生活”翻译为“daily routine”。故答案为：daily routine。 【90题详解】 “在初期；早先”在英语中翻译为“early on”。故答案为：early on。 【91题详解】 “着火”在英语中翻译为“catch fire”。故答案为：catch fire。 【92题详解】 “从……上来讲”在英语中翻译为介词“in”，“这种意义”在英语中翻译为“this sense”，“某种意义”可直接用“…sense”表达。故答案为：in this sense/in...sense。 【93题详解】 “along with”在汉语中翻译为“沿着；随同；与……一起”。故答案为：沿着；随同；与……一起。 【94题详解】 “respond to”在汉语中翻译为“回应；响应”。故答案为：回应；响应。 【95题详解】 “keep track of”在汉语中翻译为“记录；与……保持联系”。故答案为：记录；与……保持联系。 【96题详解】 “in addition”在汉语中翻译为“另外”。故答案为：另外。 【97题详解】 “prevent…from…”在汉语中翻译为“避免……；阻止……”。故答案为：避免……；阻止……。 单词释义 charge A. 控告 B. 负责 C. 向……冲去 D. 收费 E. 给……充电 98. The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter. ________ 99. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room. ________ 100. The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company. ________ 101. The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone. ________ 102. Seeing her mother, the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly. ________ 【答案】98. B 99. D 100. A 101. E 102. C 【解析】 【98题详解】 考查名词。句意：这位杰出的科学家负责处理此事。in charge of意思为：负责，为固定短语，此处charge为名词，意思为：负责。故选B。 【99题详解】 考查动词。句意：此外还有许多其他好处：它无需缴纳城市税；房间内配备了空调和暖气设备；每间客房都免费提供Wi-Fi。根据city tax“城市税”可知，charge此处为动词，意思为：收费。故选D。 【100题详解】 考查动词。句意：警方指控这名小偷在公司内盗窃了原材料。charge sb. with doing sth.意思为：指控某人做某事，此处charge为动词，意思为：控告。故选A。 【101题详解】 考查动词。句意：这位善良的修理工帮我给手机充电了。根据my phone可知，此处charge为动词，意思为：给……充电。故选E。 【102题详解】 考查动词。句意：看到母亲在眼前，这个可爱的小女孩便冲了过去，紧紧地抱住了她。根据副词forward可知，此处charge为动词，意思为：向……冲去。故选C。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $