Unit 1 单元基础知识（重点单词、短语、句子）过关讲练 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版（2024）八年级英语上册

Unit 1 单元基础知识（重点单词、短语、句子）过关讲练 内容概况 1、基础知识清单 · 重点单词、重点短语、重点句子 2、过关练 · 单选选择 · 根据句意、首字母或汉语提示填写单词。 · 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 · 完成句子。 基础知识清单 英语单词 词性 中文意思 1. director n. 导演 2. postman n. 邮递员，邮差 3. postmen n. pl. 邮递员，邮差 4. builder n. 建筑工人 5. artist n. 艺术家；(尤指) 画家 6. guide n.&v. 导游；指南；指引；指导 7. pilot n. 飞行员 8. scientist n. 科学家；科研人员 9. send v. 邮寄；发送；传达；派遣 10. letter n. 信；信件 11. paint v. 用颜料画 12. eraser n. 橡皮 13. tool n. 工具 14. actor n. 演员 15. actress n. 女演员 16. direction n. 指导；方向 17. produce v. 制作；拍摄 18. believe v. 相信；把 (某事) 当真 19. sick adj. 生病的 20. thanks excl.&n. 谢谢，多谢；感谢；谢意 21. vet n. 兽医 22. excellent adj. 优秀的；杰出的；极好的 23. dancer n. 舞蹈演员；跳舞者 24. lively adj. 活跃热情的；精力充沛的 25. news n. 新闻；消息 26. reporter n. 记者 27. maybe adv. 或许 28. report n.&v. 报道 29. blind adj. 瞎的；失明的 30. patient n.&adj. 病人；有耐心的 31. railway n. 铁路；铁道 32. modern adj. 现代的；当代的；近代的 33. future n. 将来；未来 34. alarm n. 警报；闹铃 35. receive v. 受到，收到 36. sofa n. 沙发 37. fireman n. 消防队员 38. firemen n. pl. 消防队员 39. uniform n. 制服；校服 40. rush v. 迅速移动 41. dangerous adj. 有危险的 42. brave adj. 勇敢的 43. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 44. taikonaut n. (中国的) 航天员 45. pioneer n. 先锋；带头人；开发者 46. journey n. (尤指长途) 旅行 47. training n. 训练；培训 48. without prep. 没有；缺乏 49. ready adj. 准备好 50. nearly adv. 差不多；将近 51. chance n. 机会；机遇 52. spaceship n. (航天) 飞船 53. succeed v. 成功；实现目标 54. act n.&v. 行为；所为；扮演；行动 55. especially adv. 尤其；特别 56. quality n.&adj. 人品；质量；优质的，高质量的 57. according(to) — 据 (…… 所说)；按 (…… 所报道) 58. grandpa n. 爷爷；姥爷 59. grandfather n. 爷爷；姥爷 60. piano n. 钢琴 61. interested adj. 感兴趣的；关心的 62. direct v.&adj. 导演；指挥；直接的 63. movie n. 电影 64. illness n. (身体或精神上的) 疾病，病 65. explorer n. 探险者 66. curious adj. 求知欲强的；好奇的 67. secret n. 秘密 68. tomorrow adv.&n. 在明天；明天 69. opinion n. 意见；想法 70. course n. 课程；进程 71. officer n. 高级职员，官员；军官 72. vote v. 投票；选出 73. choose v. 选择；挑选 74. lawyer n. 律师 75. competition n. 比赛；竞赛 76. encourage v. 鼓励；激励 77. proud adj. 骄傲的；自豪的 78. success n. 成功；胜利 79. zookeeper n. 动物园管理员 80. achieve v. 完成；成功 81. design v.&n. 设计；构思；计划； 82. model n. 模型；模特儿 83. scientific adj. 科学 (上) 的 84. knowledge n. 知识；学问 85. challenge n. 挑战 86. however adv. 然而 87. shelf n. 架子，搁板 88. shelves n. pl. 架子，搁板 89. reader n. 读者 90. record n. 记录；记载 91. record v. 记录；记载 92. dentist n. 牙科医生 93. reason n. 原因；理由 94. research n. 研究；调查 95. tourist n. 游客 96. speech n. 演说；讲话 97. term n. 学期 98. waitress n. 女服务员 99. greet v. 和 (某人) 打招呼 (或问好)；欢迎 100. guest n. 客人；宾客 101. smile n.&v. 微笑 102. lead v. 带路；领路 103. boring adj. 没趣的；令人厌倦 (或厌烦) 的 104. customer n. 顾客 105. conversation n. 交谈，谈话 106. manager n. 经理 107. noisy adj. 吵闹的；充满噪声的 108. simple adj. 简单的；易做的 109. successful adj. 获得成功的；有成就的 重 点 短 语 1. show...around 领……参观 2. get sick 生病；患病 3. thanks to 幸亏；由于 4. care about 关注；关心 5. in one's mind 在某人的心中 6. put out 扑灭，熄灭；扔掉 7. put on 穿上 8. rush to 冲向 9. pay off 成功，奏效；付清；得到好结果 10. as long as 只要 11. according to 根据；依照 12. believe in 相信；相信……的存在 13. hold on to 坚持 14. come true 实现；成为现实 15. be/become interested in 对…… 感兴趣 16. at the age of... 在…… 岁时 17. be curious about 对…… 感到好奇 18. of course 当然 19. take it easy 别急；沉住气 20. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 21. take part in 参加 22. dream about 梦想 23. in order to 为了…… 24. buy sb. sth. (buy sth. for sb.) 给某人买某物 25. try one's best 尽某人最大努力 26. from...to... 从…… 到…… 27. check in 登记 28. check out 借出 29. lead...to... 把…… 领到…… 30. no problem 没问题 句 子 总 结 1. What’s your dream job?(你的梦想职业是什么？) 2. I want to be an artist.(我想成为一名艺术家。) 3. I give directions to them.(我指导他们。) 4. Together with them,I produce films.(我和他们一起制作电影。) 5. I am going to be a dancer.(我将成为一名舞者。) 6. I’m active and love following the news.(我很活跃，喜欢关注新闻。) 7. A lot of people work with animals.(许多人从事与动物相关的工作。) 8. Guide dog teachers train guide dogs to help blind people.(导盲犬教师训练导盲犬帮助盲人。) 9. We sleep at night,but some people do their jobs at night.(我们夜晚睡觉，但有些人夜晚工作。) 10. I want to be a modern farmer in the future.(我想成为未来的现代农民。) 11. Modern farmers grow more green food and care more about people’s health.(现代农民种植更多绿色食品，更关注人们的健康。) 12. We put on the fireman uniforms,rushed to the house,saved the child and put out the fire.(我们穿上消防服，冲向房屋，救出孩子并扑灭大火。) 13. He joined China’s space team as a young pioneer.(他作为年轻先驱加入中国航天队。) 14. He kept training and always believed in his dream.(他坚持训练并始终相信梦想。) 15. Finally,his hard work paid off.(最终，他的努力得到了回报。) 16. He sets an excellent example to us all.(他为我们所有人树立了榜样。) 17. Our dreams will one day come true as long as we keep going.(只要坚持，梦想终会实现。) 18. I enjoy teaching children,and I love making friends with them.(我喜欢教孩子，也喜欢和他们交朋友。) 19. We are going to talk about dream jobs.(我们将讨论梦想职业。) 20. Will you share your opinion?(你会分享你的观点吗？) 21. The rain won’t last long.(雨不会持续太久。) 22. He is going to study hard and do exercise every day.(他将每天努力学习并锻炼。) 23. She’ll learn how to take care of them.(她会学习如何照顾它们。) 过关练 一、单项选择。   1．A fantastic driver should have a good sense of ________. A．condition B．pollution C．direction 【答案】C 【详解】句意：优秀的驾驶员应当具备良好的方向感。 考查名词辨析。condition状况；pollution污染；direction方向。根据“A fantastic driver”可知，优秀的驾驶员应具备良好的方向感，a sense of direction“方向感”。故选C。 2．The doctor often tells us not to eat so much junk food because it can ________ serious health problems. A．cause B．report C．remind D．continue 【答案】A 【详解】句意：医生经常告诫我们不要吃太多垃圾食品，因为这可能会引发严重的健康问题。 考查动词辨析。cause引起；report报道；remind提醒；continue继续。根据“eat so much junk food because it can … serious health problems”可知，吃太多垃圾食品会引起健康问题，故选A。 3．He ________ in his office. ________ you can find him there. A．maybe; Maybe B．may be; May be C．may be; Maybe 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他可能在他的办公室里。或许你能在那儿找到他。 考查情态动词和副词。maybe也许；may be可能是。may be是“情态动词may+动词原形be”结构，在句中作谓语，Maybe是副词，在句首作状语，修饰整个句子。第一处空格后缺少谓语，需用may be作谓语；第二处空格后为整个句子，需用maybe修饰。故选C。 4．Becky wants to be a ________. She thinks it’s interesting to show people around the robot museum. A．musician B．singer C．guide D．teacher 【答案】C 【详解】句意：贝基想成为一名导游。她认为带人们参观机器人博物馆很有趣。 考查名词词义辨析。musician音乐家；singer歌手；guide导游；teacher教师。根据“She thinks it’s interesting to show people around the robot museum.”可知“带人们参观机器人博物馆”是导游的工作内容，“guide”符合语境，故选C。 5．—Burning rubbish in the open air will certainly________ much pollution. —Yes, people should not do it carelessly. A．provide B．protect C．produce D．prevent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在露天燃烧垃圾肯定会产生很多污染。——是的，人们不应该随意这样做。 考查动词辨析。provide提供；protect保护；produce生产，产生；prevent阻止。根据“Burning rubbish in the open air will certainly...much pollution”可知是“产生污染”，故选C。 6．Wu Jing is a famous ______. He made many popular movies, such as Wolf Warriors Ⅱ. A．doctor B．director C．writer D．swimmer 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吴京是一位著名的导演。他拍了许多受欢迎的电影，如《战狼2》。 考查名词辨析。doctor医生；director导演；writer作家；swimmer游泳者。根据“He made many popular movies”可知，他制作了许多受欢迎的电影，可见他是一名导演。故选B。 7．Could you tell me the ________ to the nearest bookstore? A．place B．step C．message D．direction 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你能告诉我去最近书店的路线吗？ 考查名词辨析。place地方；step步骤；message信息；direction方向。the direction to表示去某地的方向，这里询问最近书店的方向。故选D。 8．Mr Brown always makes his class ________ and keeps his students ________ in class. A．alive; interesting B．lively; interesting C．alive; interested D．lively; interested 【答案】D 【详解】句意：布朗先生总是让他的课堂生动活泼，并让学生们在课堂上保持兴趣。 考查形容词辨析。alive活着的；interesting有趣的；interested感兴趣的；lively生动的。根据“makes his class”可知，空一处是指使课堂生动，用lively；根据“keeps his students”可知，空二处修饰人，用-ed的形容词。故选D。 9．—Uncle Li enjoys drawing very much! —That’s for sure. He is a police ________, an interesting job. A．singer B．artist C．visitor D．actor 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——李叔叔非常喜欢画画！——确实。他是一名警察画像师，一份有趣的工作。 考查名词辨析。singer歌手；artist艺术家/美术家；visitor访客；actor演员。根据“police”和“drawing”可知，此处指“警局画像师”，即根据目击者描述绘制嫌疑人画像的警察。故选B。 10．—Mark is a(n) ________ boy now because he ate ________ junk food last night. —Oh, I’ll buy some medicine for him. A．ill; too much B．sick; much too C．sick; too much 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——马克现在是个生病的孩子，因为他昨晚吃了太多的垃圾食品。——哦，我去给他买些药。 考查形容词辨析。ill生病的，通常作表语；sick生病的，通常作定语；too much太多，后接不可数名词；much too太，后接形容词或副词。由“…boy”可知，第一空应用sick；又由“junk food”可知，第二空应用too much。故选C。 11．The computer has become an important ________ in modern life. A．tool B．toy C．game D．gift 【答案】A 【详解】句意：计算机已成为现代生活中重要的工具。 考查名词辨析。tool工具；toy玩具；game游戏；gift礼物。tool在此处表示计算机在现代生活中作为人们工作、学习等的重要工具。故选A。 12．The music at the party was so ________ that everyone couldn’t help dancing. A．lively B．alive C．living D．live 【答案】A 【详解】句意：排队的音乐是如此的充满活力，以至于大家都忍不住跳舞。 考查形容词辨析。lively活泼的；alive活着的，通常修饰人或动物，作表语或后置定语；living活着的，强调 “现存的”，多用于修饰人或物；live现场的，指 “现场表演的” 或 “活生生的”（多形容动物）。根据“that everyone couldn’t help dancing.”可知，此处大家都忍不住跳舞，而且形容音乐，应当是活泼的，充满活力的。故选A。 13．“Take this medicine (药) and it will make you ________ better soon,” the nurse says to the ________ boy. A．feel; sick B．to feel; sick C．feeling; ill D．feel; ill 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“吃了这药，它会让你很快感觉好一些。” 护士对生病的男孩说。 考查动词短语和形容词辨析。“make sb. do sth.”是固定用法，表示“让某人做某事”，所以第一空用动词原形feel；sick和ill都有“生病的”意思，ill只能作表语，sick既可以作表语，也可以作定语，这里需要一个定语修饰boy，所以用sick。故选A。 14．—Miss Zhang, what can I do to improve my English? —I think you should realize the ________ of learning English first. A．idea B．opinion C．difficulty D．importance 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——张老师，我怎样才能提高英语？——我认为你应该首先意识到学习英语的重要性。 考查名词辨析。idea想法；opinion观点；difficulty困难；importance重要性。根据题干语境可知，提高英语的关键是认识到其“重要性”。故选D。 15．Nowadays, almost all the schools pay more attention to the children’s health, ________ their mental (心理的) health. A．especially B．finally C．usually D．seldom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：现在，几乎所有的学校更关注孩子们的健康，尤其是他们的心理健康。 考查副词辨析。especially尤其；finally最终；usually通常；seldom很少。根据“almost all the schools pay more attention to the children’s health... their mental (心理的) health.”可知，此处强调在健康问题中重点关注心理健康，应用especially。故选A。 16．It’s dangerous _________ on the thin ice. A．skate B．skating C．to skate D．skates 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在薄冰上滑冰很危险。 考查非谓语形式。根据“It’s dangerous ... on the thin ice.”可知，考查固定句型“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.“，表示“做某事怎么样”；it作形式主语，to do不定式作真正的主语，所以此处用to skate。故选C。 17．Before entering the burning building, the firefighters quickly ________ the fireman uniforms. A．put on B．put off C．put away D．put out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在进入燃烧的大楼之前，消防员迅速穿上了消防员制服。 考查动词短语辨析。put on穿上；put off推迟；put away收拾；put out扑灭。根据“the firefighters quickly...the fireman uniforms”以及选项可知，此处是指穿上消防员制服。故选A。 18．Tigers are ________ animals and people are afraid to go near them. Now tigers are ________ and need our help. A．danger; dangerous B．dangerous; in danger C．in danger; dangerous 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老虎是危险的动物，人们害怕靠近它们。现在老虎处于危险之中，需要我们的帮助。 考查词义及短语辨析。danger危险，名词；dangerous危险的，形容词；in danger处于危险中，介词短语。根据第一个空后的名词“animals”可知，此处应用形容词形式，作定语；根据“need our help”可知，老虎需要我们的帮助，应是它们处于危险中。故选B。 19．Everyone mustn’t play football in the street. It’s very ________. A．funny B．strict C．dangerous 【答案】C 【详解】句意：任何人都禁止在街道上踢足球，这非常危险。 考查形容词辨析。funny有趣的；strict严格的；dangerous危险的。根据“Everyone mustn’t play football in the street.”可知，街道上车辆来往，踢足球易引发事故，是很危险的，故选C。 20．—You look so young, Madam! How old are you? —Aha! It’s a ________. A．question B．reason C．secret D．problem 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看起来很年轻，夫人！你几岁了？——啊哈！这是个秘密。 考查名词辨析。question问题；reason理由；secret秘密；problem问题。根据“Aha! It’s a…”及问句可知，此处指的是年龄是个秘密。故选C。 21．—Why did Emily win the dancing competition? —________ practicing every day, she improved a lot. A．According to B．Thanks to C．Instead of D．As for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——艾米丽为什么赢得了舞蹈比赛？——由于每天练习，她进步了很多。 考查介词短语。According to依据；Thanks to多亏，由于；Instead of代替，而不是；As for至于。根据“Why did Emily win the dancing competition?”可知，此处回答艾米丽赢得舞蹈比赛的原因，因此用thanks to。故选B。 22．Stress is a major problem of ________ life. I think we should try to get out of it to enjoy lives every day. A．unusual B．ancient C．modern D．soft 【答案】C 【详解】句意：压力是现代生活中的一个重大问题。我认为我们应该努力摆脱这种压力，以便每天都能享受生活。 考查形容词辨析。unusual不寻常的，罕见的；ancient古老的，古代的；modern现代的，时尚的；soft柔软的。结合常识及“I think we should try to get out of it to enjoy lives every day.”可知，说话者建议我们应试着摆脱压力，可推测此处应指压力是“现代”生活中一个重大的问题。故选C。 23．—I’m sorry I’m late, Mr White. There’s something wrong with my ________. —That’s all right. Don’t be late again tomorrow. A．machine B．alarm C．flashlight D．strange 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——对不起，我迟到了，怀特先生。我的闹钟坏了。——没关系。明天别再迟到了。 考查名词。machine机器；alarm闹钟；flashlight手电筒；strange奇怪的。根据“I’m sorry I’m late,”可知，我迟到了，应是闹钟坏了，故选B。 24．—Our school has organized so many activities. Which one do you like? —The Empty Plates Movement. It makes every effort to ________ us to save food. A．encourage B．allow C．make D．consider 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们学校组织了这么多活动。你喜欢哪一个？——光盘行动。它尽一切努力鼓励我们节约粮食。 考查动词辨析。encourage鼓励；allow允许；make使，制作；consider考虑。根据“The Empty Plates Movement”可知光盘行动的目的是“鼓励”人们节约食物，encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”。故选A。 25．________ become a good doctor, he studies biology very hard every day. A．So that B．Because C．If D．In order to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了成为一名好医生，他每天非常努力地学习生物学。 考查目的状语连接词。So that以便，通常引导目的状语从句；Because因为，引导原因状语从句；If如果，引导条件状语从句；In order to为了，后接动词原形，表目的。根据“he studies biology very hard every day”可知，每天努力学习的目的是为了成为一名好医生。故选D。 二、根据句意、首字母或汉语提示填写单词。 1．Engineers r new energy sources to make the environment cleaner. 【答案】(r)esearch 【详解】句意：工程师们研究新能源以使环境更清洁。根据“Engineers... new energy sources”和首字母可知，此处指研究新能源，应用动词research，主语是复数Engineers，时态为一般现在时，谓语用动词原形。故填(r)esearch。 2．The coach l the young players through training to improve their skills. 【答案】(l)eads 【详解】句意：教练带领年轻队员通过训练来提高他们的技能。根据“the young players through training to improve their skills”可知，lead“指导”，此句描述的是教练经常性的动作，应用一般现在时，主语“The coach”是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式“leads”。故填(l)eads。 3．The salesperson helps c find the best product for their needs. 【答案】(c)ustomers 【详解】句意：销售人员帮助顾客找到最适合他们需要的产品。根据“The salesperson helps... find the best product for their needs.”和首字母可知，此处指帮助顾客找到最适合他们需要的产品，customer“顾客”，是可数名词，根据“their”可知，此处应填customer的复数形式。故填(c)ustomers。 4．Nurses must r patients’ temperatures every day so that doctors can give proper treatment. 【答案】(r)ecord 【详解】句意：护士必须每天记录病人的体温，这样医生才能给予适当的治疗。根据“patients’ temperatures”可知护士每天记录病人的体温，record“记录”，情态动词后加动词原形。故填(r)ecord。 5．When Tony was a small boy, his father taught him how to make a m rocket out of paper, wood, plastic and other lightweight materials. 【答案】(m)odel 【详解】句意：当托尼还是个小男孩的时候，他的父亲教他如何用纸、木头、塑料和其他轻质材料制作一个模型火箭。根据“out of paper, wood, plastic and other lightweight materials”可知，应该是用纸、木头、塑料和其他轻质材料制作一个模型火箭，model“模型”。故填(m)odel。 6．The dress is beautiful. H , it is too small for me. 【答案】(H)owever 【详解】句意：这件衣服很漂亮。然而，它对我来说太小了。根据“The dress is beautiful. H…, it is too small for me.”可知，空处前后表示转折，however“然而”符合题意。故填(H)owever。 7．Can you d beautiful clothes? 【答案】(d)esign 【详解】句意：你能设计漂亮的衣服吗？根据首字母和“beautiful clothes”可知，此空需动词design“设计”，跟在情态动词can后，因此用原形。故填(d)esign。 8．I love fruits, e watermelons in summer. 【答案】(e)specially 【详解】句意：我喜欢水果，尤其是夏天的西瓜。根据“I love fruits”和“watermelons in summer”之间的逻辑关系，可知此处需要填入一个表示强调或特指的副词。especially意思是“尤其”，副词，符合语境。故填(e)specially。 9．During the morning your (导游) will take you around the city. 【答案】guide 【详解】句意：上午期间，你的导游会带你游览这座城市。guide“导游”，可数名词，根据“your”可知，此处特指“你的导游”，用名词单数。故填guide。 10．A microscope is a useful (工具). 【答案】tool 【详解】句意：显微镜是一种有用的工具。tool“工具”，a后跟名词单数。故填tool。 11．I want to be an (演员) because it’s an interesting job. 【答案】actor 【详解】句意：我想当一名演员，因为这是一份有趣的工作。actor“演员”，根据空前的an可知，此处用单数形式。故填actor。 12．Sally came back and brought us several pieces of good (新闻). 【答案】news 【详解】句意：Sally回来给我们带来几条好消息。news“新闻；消息”，不可数名词。故填news。 13．Miss Gao’s classes are always very (轻快的). 【答案】lively 【详解】句意：高小姐的课总是很生动活泼。轻快的：lively，形容词作表语。故填lively。 14．The nurse is always kind to (生病的) people. 【答案】sick 【详解】句意：这位护士总是对生病的人很友善。sick意为“生病的”，形容词修饰名词，作定语。故填sick。 15．He is a (勇敢的) boy and he isn’t afraid of difficulties. 【答案】brave 【详解】句意：他是一个勇敢的男孩，不怕困难。“勇敢的”brave，形容词作定语，修饰名词boy。故填brave。 三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．I found the movie (bore) and felt sleepy. 【答案】boring 【详解】句意：我觉得这部电影很无聊，并且感到困倦。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“find+宾语+宾语补足语 (形容词)”的结构，宾语为“the movie”，因此这里应用bore的形容词形式boring“无聊的，令人厌烦的”，描述电影的特性。故填boring。 2．Our English teacher always makes the lessons (live) and fun with games. 【答案】lively 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师总是用游戏使课堂生动有趣。make sth+形容词，表示“使某物……”，是固定用法，所以空处用形容词作宾语补足语，根据“makes the lessons...”可知，应是使课堂生动，lively“生动的”，故填lively。 3．My dream is to be a and study science to help people. (science) 【答案】scientist 【详解】句意：我的梦想是成为一名科学家，学习科学来帮助人们。根据“My dream is to be a”及所给词可知，是指梦想是成为一名科学家，a后跟名词单数scientist“科学家”。故填scientist。 4．The graceful (dance) performs beautiful movements on stage to tell a story for the audience. 【答案】dancer 【详解】句意：这位优雅的舞者在舞台上表演优美的动作，为观众讲故事。空处作主语，应用名词，结合“performs beautiful movements on stage to tell a story for the audience”可知，此处指的是dancer“舞者”，结合“performs”可知，名词应用单数形式，故填dancer。 5．We Chinese are so (pride) of the successful launch of the Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship. 【答案】proud 【详解】句意：我们中国人对神舟16号载人飞船的成功发射感到非常自豪。be proud of“对……感到自豪”，此处应用pride的形容词形式作表语。故填proud。 6．To be a , you must work really hard from now on. (law) 【答案】lawyer 【详解】句意：要想成为一名律师，你必须从现在开始就努力工作。根据“To be a…”可知，空格处应填职业，lawyer“律师”，符合语境。故填lawyer。 7．Tom likes watching movies very much. He wants to be an (act). 【答案】actor 【详解】句意：Tom非常喜欢看电影。他想成为一名演员。根据“He wants to be an”可知，此处需要填写其表示职业的名词形式，actor“演员”符合句意。故填actor。 8．There are many on the Great Wall. (tour) 【答案】tourists 【详解】句意：长城上有很多游客。根据“on the Great Wall”可知，此处指长城上的游客。tour是动词“旅行”，其名词形式为tourist“游客”，many修饰可数名词复数形式。故填tourists。 9．Tom was (success) at last and he got the apple. 【答案】successful 【详解】句意：汤姆终于成功了，他得到了苹果。根据“Tom was…at last and he got the apple.”可知，此处指的是汤姆终于成功了，success“成功”，名词，空处应为其形容词形式“successful”，作表语。故填successful。 10．These days I’m busy preparing for a competition. (speak) 【答案】speech/speaking 【详解】句意：这几天我正忙着一场演讲比赛。compitition是名词，应用名词、动名词、形容词修饰。speak是动词，其名词形式为speech，动名词形式为speaking。speech/speaking compitition意为“演讲比赛”。故填speech/speaking。 四、完成句子。 1．她努力练习舞蹈以实现自己的梦想，而且她总是以一种欢快的方式训练 。 She practices dancing hard to , and she always trains . 【答案】 achieve her dream in a lively way 【详解】achieve：实现，to后接动词原形；她自己的梦想：her dream；in a ... way：以……的方式；lively：欢快的，形容词作定语。故填achieve；her；dream；in；a；lively；way。 2．他对画画感兴趣。 He is in . 【答案】 interested painting 【详解】形容词短语be interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，in为介词，后接动名词，paint表示“画画”。故填interested；painting。 3．她生病了，所以今天没去上班。 She , so she doesn’t go to work today. 【答案】 is sick/ill 【详解】中英对照可知，空处意为“生病了”，be+sick/ill表示“生病的，不舒服的状态”，符合语境，根据“so she doesn’t go to work today”可知，本句是一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is；sick/ill。 4．Maths is very in our life, and I want to be a . 数学在我们的生活中很有用，我将来想成为一名科学家。 【答案】 useful scientist in the future 【详解】useful“有用的”，形容词作表语；scientist“科学家”，不定冠词a后接单数可数名词；in the future“将来”。故填useful；scientist；in；the；future。 5．根据奶奶说，这张旧椅子是由竹子制成的。 my grandma, this old chair is made of bamboo. 【答案】 According to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“根据”，即according to，介词短语，放句首首字母大写。故填According；to。 6．在他看来，学习做饭是一件有意义的事情。 , learning to cook is a meaningful thing. 【答案】 In his opinion 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处使用固定短语“in one’s opinion”表示“在某人看来”；句子需补充完整的结构为“In his opinion”，其中“his”与题干中的“在他看来”对应。故填In；his；opinion。 7．那个男孩够勇敢，敢在夜里独自一个人在山中走。 The boy walk in the mountain alone at night. 【答案】 is brave enough to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处表达的意思是“够勇敢，敢……”。“够……做某事”常用结构为“be+形容词+enough to do sth.”，“勇敢的”为“brave”，句子主语“The boy”为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，故be动词用“is”，“enough”放在形容词“brave”之后，最后接不定式“to walk”。故填is；brave；enough；to。 8．老师给了我一个在班上展示才华的机会。 The teacher to show my talent in the class. 【答案】 gave me a chance 【详解】给某人某物：give sb. sth.；句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式；我：me；一个机会：a chance。故填gave；me；a；chance。 9．我哥哥将来想为我们设计一栋大房子。 My brother wants to          for us . 【答案】 design a big house in the future 【详解】根据中英对照可知，空处所缺为“设计一栋大房子”和“在将来”；“设计一栋大房子”意为 design a big house；“在将来”意为“in the future”。故填design；a；big；house；in；the；future。 10．颐和园因其美丽的风景和绝佳的设计而著名。 The Summer Palace its beautiful and fantastic . 【答案】 is famous for landscape design 【详解】be famous for“因……而著名”，主语“The Summer Palace”是单数名词，be动词形式用is；landscape“风景”；design“设计”。故填is；famous；for；landscape；design。 11．我正在做关于熊猫的线上研究。 I’m on pandas. 【答案】 doing online research 【详解】对照中英文可知，本题缺少“做线上研究”。do online research表示“做线上研究”，其中research“研究”是不可数名词；根据“I’m”可知，本句时态为现在进行时，谓语动词do应该用现在分词形式doing。故填doing；online；research。 12．父母经常鼓励孩子用不同的方式解决问题。 Parents always their children problems in different ways. 【答案】 encourage to solve 【详解】encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，是固定词组，根据“always”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“Parents”，用动词原形，solve“解决”。故填encourage；to；solve。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 单元基础知识（重点单词、短语、句子）过关讲练 内容概况 1、基础知识清单 · 重点单词、重点短语、重点句子 2、过关练 · 单选选择 · 根据句意、首字母或汉语提示填写单词。 · 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 · 完成句子。 基础知识清单 英语单词 词性 中文意思 1. director n. 导演 2. postman n. 邮递员，邮差 3. postmen n. pl. 邮递员，邮差 4. builder n. 建筑工人 5. artist n. 艺术家；(尤指) 画家 6. guide n.&v. 导游；指南；指引；指导 7. pilot n. 飞行员 8. scientist n. 科学家；科研人员 9. send v. 邮寄；发送；传达；派遣 10. letter n. 信；信件 11. paint v. 用颜料画 12. eraser n. 橡皮 13. tool n. 工具 14. actor n. 演员 15. actress n. 女演员 16. direction n. 指导；方向 17. produce v. 制作；拍摄 18. believe v. 相信；把 (某事) 当真 19. sick adj. 生病的 20. thanks excl.&n. 谢谢，多谢；感谢；谢意 21. vet n. 兽医 22. excellent adj. 优秀的；杰出的；极好的 23. dancer n. 舞蹈演员；跳舞者 24. lively adj. 活跃热情的；精力充沛的 25. news n. 新闻；消息 26. reporter n. 记者 27. maybe adv. 或许 28. report n.&v. 报道 29. blind adj. 瞎的；失明的 30. patient n.&adj. 病人；有耐心的 31. railway n. 铁路；铁道 32. modern adj. 现代的；当代的；近代的 33. future n. 将来；未来 34. alarm n. 警报；闹铃 35. receive v. 受到，收到 36. sofa n. 沙发 37. fireman n. 消防队员 38. firemen n. pl. 消防队员 39. uniform n. 制服；校服 40. rush v. 迅速移动 41. dangerous adj. 有危险的 42. brave adj. 勇敢的 43. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 44. taikonaut n. (中国的) 航天员 45. pioneer n. 先锋；带头人；开发者 46. journey n. (尤指长途) 旅行 47. training n. 训练；培训 48. without prep. 没有；缺乏 49. ready adj. 准备好 50. nearly adv. 差不多；将近 51. chance n. 机会；机遇 52. spaceship n. (航天) 飞船 53. succeed v. 成功；实现目标 54. act n.&v. 行为；所为；扮演；行动 55. especially adv. 尤其；特别 56. quality n.&adj. 人品；质量；优质的，高质量的 57. according(to) — 据 (…… 所说)；按 (…… 所报道) 58. grandpa n. 爷爷；姥爷 59. grandfather n. 爷爷；姥爷 60. piano n. 钢琴 61. interested adj. 感兴趣的；关心的 62. direct v.&adj. 导演；指挥；直接的 63. movie n. 电影 64. illness n. (身体或精神上的) 疾病，病 65. explorer n. 探险者 66. curious adj. 求知欲强的；好奇的 67. secret n. 秘密 68. tomorrow adv.&n. 在明天；明天 69. opinion n. 意见；想法 70. course n. 课程；进程 71. officer n. 高级职员，官员；军官 72. vote v. 投票；选出 73. choose v. 选择；挑选 74. lawyer n. 律师 75. competition n. 比赛；竞赛 76. encourage v. 鼓励；激励 77. proud adj. 骄傲的；自豪的 78. success n. 成功；胜利 79. zookeeper n. 动物园管理员 80. achieve v. 完成；成功 81. design v.&n. 设计；构思；计划； 82. model n. 模型；模特儿 83. scientific adj. 科学 (上) 的 84. knowledge n. 知识；学问 85. challenge n. 挑战 86. however adv. 然而 87. shelf n. 架子，搁板 88. shelves n. pl. 架子，搁板 89. reader n. 读者 90. record n. 记录；记载 91. record v. 记录；记载 92. dentist n. 牙科医生 93. reason n. 原因；理由 94. research n. 研究；调查 95. tourist n. 游客 96. speech n. 演说；讲话 97. term n. 学期 98. waitress n. 女服务员 99. greet v. 和 (某人) 打招呼 (或问好)；欢迎 100. guest n. 客人；宾客 101. smile n.&v. 微笑 102. lead v. 带路；领路 103. boring adj. 没趣的；令人厌倦 (或厌烦) 的 104. customer n. 顾客 105. conversation n. 交谈，谈话 106. manager n. 经理 107. noisy adj. 吵闹的；充满噪声的 108. simple adj. 简单的；易做的 109. successful adj. 获得成功的；有成就的 重 点 短 语 1. show...around 领……参观 2. get sick 生病；患病 3. thanks to 幸亏；由于 4. care about 关注；关心 5. in one's mind 在某人的心中 6. put out 扑灭，熄灭；扔掉 7. put on 穿上 8. rush to 冲向 9. pay off 成功，奏效；付清；得到好结果 10. as long as 只要 11. according to 根据；依照 12. believe in 相信；相信……的存在 13. hold on to 坚持 14. come true 实现；成为现实 15. be/become interested in 对…… 感兴趣 16. at the age of... 在…… 岁时 17. be curious about 对…… 感到好奇 18. of course 当然 19. take it easy 别急；沉住气 20. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 21. take part in 参加 22. dream about 梦想 23. in order to 为了…… 24. buy sb. sth. (buy sth. for sb.) 给某人买某物 25. try one's best 尽某人最大努力 26. from...to... 从…… 到…… 27. check in 登记 28. check out 借出 29. lead...to... 把…… 领到…… 30. no problem 没问题 句 子 总 结 1. What’s your dream job?(你的梦想职业是什么？) 2. I want to be an artist.(我想成为一名艺术家。) 3. I give directions to them.(我指导他们。) 4. Together with them,I produce films.(我和他们一起制作电影。) 5. I am going to be a dancer.(我将成为一名舞者。) 6. I’m active and love following the news.(我很活跃，喜欢关注新闻。) 7. A lot of people work with animals.(许多人从事与动物相关的工作。) 8. Guide dog teachers train guide dogs to help blind people.(导盲犬教师训练导盲犬帮助盲人。) 9. We sleep at night,but some people do their jobs at night.(我们夜晚睡觉，但有些人夜晚工作。) 10. I want to be a modern farmer in the future.(我想成为未来的现代农民。) 11. Modern farmers grow more green food and care more about people’s health.(现代农民种植更多绿色食品，更关注人们的健康。) 12. We put on the fireman uniforms,rushed to the house,saved the child and put out the fire.(我们穿上消防服，冲向房屋，救出孩子并扑灭大火。) 13. He joined China’s space team as a young pioneer.(他作为年轻先驱加入中国航天队。) 14. He kept training and always believed in his dream.(他坚持训练并始终相信梦想。) 15. Finally,his hard work paid off.(最终，他的努力得到了回报。) 16. He sets an excellent example to us all.(他为我们所有人树立了榜样。) 17. Our dreams will one day come true as long as we keep going.(只要坚持，梦想终会实现。) 18. I enjoy teaching children,and I love making friends with them.(我喜欢教孩子，也喜欢和他们交朋友。) 19. We are going to talk about dream jobs.(我们将讨论梦想职业。) 20. Will you share your opinion?(你会分享你的观点吗？) 21. The rain won’t last long.(雨不会持续太久。) 22. He is going to study hard and do exercise every day.(他将每天努力学习并锻炼。) 23. She’ll learn how to take care of them.(她会学习如何照顾它们。) 过关练 一、单项选择。   1．A fantastic driver should have a good sense of ________. A．condition B．pollution C．direction 2．The doctor often tells us not to eat so much junk food because it can ________ serious health problems. A．cause B．report C．remind D．continue 3．He ________ in his office. ________ you can find him there. A．maybe; Maybe B．may be; May be C．may be; Maybe 4．Becky wants to be a ________. She thinks it’s interesting to show people around the robot museum. A．musician B．singer C．guide D．teacher 5．—Burning rubbish in the open air will certainly________ much pollution. —Yes, people should not do it carelessly. A．provide B．protect C．produce D．prevent 6．Wu Jing is a famous ______. He made many popular movies, such as Wolf Warriors Ⅱ. A．doctor B．director C．writer D．swimmer 7．Could you tell me the ________ to the nearest bookstore? A．place B．step C．message D．direction 8．Mr Brown always makes his class ________ and keeps his students ________ in class. A．alive; interesting B．lively; interesting C．alive; interested D．lively; interested 9．—Uncle Li enjoys drawing very much! —That’s for sure. He is a police ________, an interesting job. A．singer B．artist C．visitor D．actor 10．—Mark is a(n) ________ boy now because he ate ________ junk food last night. —Oh, I’ll buy some medicine for him. A．ill; too much B．sick; much too C．sick; too much 11．The computer has become an important ________ in modern life. A．tool B．toy C．game D．gift 12．The music at the party was so ________ that everyone couldn’t help dancing. A．lively B．alive C．living D．live 13．“Take this medicine (药) and it will make you ________ better soon,” the nurse says to the ________ boy. A．feel; sick B．to feel; sick C．feeling; ill D．feel; ill 14．—Miss Zhang, what can I do to improve my English? —I think you should realize the ________ of learning English first. A．idea B．opinion C．difficulty D．importance 15．Nowadays, almost all the schools pay more attention to the children’s health, ________ their mental (心理的) health. A．especially B．finally C．usually D．seldom 16．It’s dangerous _________ on the thin ice. A．skate B．skating C．to skate D．skates 17．Before entering the burning building, the firefighters quickly ________ the fireman uniforms. A．put on B．put off C．put away D．put out 18．Tigers are ________ animals and people are afraid to go near them. Now tigers are ________ and need our help. A．danger; dangerous B．dangerous; in danger C．in danger; dangerous 19．Everyone mustn’t play football in the street. It’s very ________. A．funny B．strict C．dangerous 20．—You look so young, Madam! How old are you? —Aha! It’s a ________. A．question B．reason C．secret D．problem 21．—Why did Emily win the dancing competition? —________ practicing every day, she improved a lot. A．According to B．Thanks to C．Instead of D．As for 22．Stress is a major problem of ________ life. I think we should try to get out of it to enjoy lives every day. A．unusual B．ancient C．modern D．soft 23．—I’m sorry I’m late, Mr White. There’s something wrong with my ________. —That’s all right. Don’t be late again tomorrow. A．machine B．alarm C．flashlight D．strange 24．—Our school has organized so many activities. Which one do you like? —The Empty Plates Movement. It makes every effort to ________ us to save food. A．encourage B．allow C．make D．consider 25．________ become a good doctor, he studies biology very hard every day. A．So that B．Because C．If D．In order to 二、根据句意、首字母或汉语提示填写单词。 1．Engineers r new energy sources to make the environment cleaner. 2．The coach l the young players through training to improve their skills. 3．The salesperson helps c find the best product for their needs. 4．Nurses must r patients’ temperatures every day so that doctors can give proper treatment. 5．When Tony was a small boy, his father taught him how to make a m rocket out of paper, wood, plastic and other lightweight materials. 6．The dress is beautiful. H , it is too small for me. 7．Can you d beautiful clothes? 8．I love fruits, e watermelons in summer. 9．During the morning your (导游) will take you around the city. 10．A microscope is a useful (工具). 11．I want to be an (演员) because it’s an interesting job. 12．Sally came back and brought us several pieces of good (新闻). 13．Miss Gao’s classes are always very (轻快的). 14．The nurse is always kind to (生病的) people. 15．He is a (勇敢的) boy and he isn’t afraid of difficulties. 三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．I found the movie (bore) and felt sleepy. 2．Our English teacher always makes the lessons (live) and fun with games. 3．My dream is to be a and study science to help people. (science) 4．The graceful (dance) performs beautiful movements on stage to tell a story for the audience. 5．We Chinese are so (pride) of the successful launch of the Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship. 6．To be a , you must work really hard from now on. (law) 7．Tom likes watching movies very much. He wants to be an (act). 8．There are many on the Great Wall. (tour) 9．Tom was (success) at last and he got the apple. 10．These days I’m busy preparing for a competition. (speak) 四、完成句子。 1．她努力练习舞蹈以实现自己的梦想，而且她总是以一种欢快的方式训练 。 She practices dancing hard to , and she always trains . 2．他对画画感兴趣。 He is in . 3．她生病了，所以今天没去上班。 She , so she doesn’t go to work today. 4．数学在我们的生活中很有用，我将来想成为一名科学家。 Maths is very in our life, and I want to be a . 5．根据奶奶说，这张旧椅子是由竹子制成的。 my grandma, this old chair is made of bamboo. 6．在他看来，学习做饭是一件有意义的事情。 , learning to cook is a meaningful thing. 7．那个男孩够勇敢，敢在夜里独自一个人在山中走。 The boy walk in the mountain alone at night. 8．老师给了我一个在班上展示才华的机会。 The teacher to show my talent in the class. 9．我哥哥将来想为我们设计一栋大房子。 My brother wants to          for us . 10．颐和园因其美丽的风景和绝佳的设计而著名。 The Summer Palace its beautiful and fantastic . 11．我正在做关于熊猫的线上研究。 I’m on pandas. 12．父母经常鼓励孩子用不同的方式解决问题。 Parents always their children problems in different ways. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $