In the seventh century ce, one man started a chain of events that would change the world order for good. The prophet mohammed united the people of the arabian peninsula la. Through the formation of islam. These people included both dommage bedroom tribes and the inhabitants of oasis cities like mucker and medina. Until mohamed's time, the region hadn't been considered a serious match for the powerful neighbouring person and business teen empires, but the alliance mohammed formed as political as well as religious, an empire with media as its political heart and enforced to be reckoned with. My hamid was a one of a kind leader. He had been a member of the quote, the tribe that controlled mucker. After hamed's death, those close to him deliberated who should succeed him a entire question. A bulked maham d's father in law emerged Victorious and became the new k live, or successor. Over the next thirty years, four k lives, all from mohamed tribe, conquered vast areas beyond arabia, including their mighty neighbors, the versions and the business teams. But as the empire expanded dissent within IT room and a civil war erupted, the fourth cane ali was assassinated. Afterwards, the oya dynasty came to power. The oios were from the same tribe as mohammed, but from a different rival clan. They extended the empire, reached from present day spain to india, and made damascus their capital. But an empire this vast, full of many different pupils was at risk of conflict and fracture. The omega stabilized IT by replacing the ruling elite and conquered territories with muslim officials, while largely allowing the day to day customs of local populations, including their religious preferences, to continue. Arabic was used as the administrative language, unifying political affairs across the empire, but people continue to speak and write local languages too. Still, many in the empire were dissatisfied with a maya rule and question the dynasty's legitimacy. Debuted family capitalized on these sentiments, promoting themselves as more direct descendants of the profit, though their actual relation to m. Hammed was more tanee than they claimed. They over through the omai, california, seven fifty ce, becoming the second great dynasty of the islamic empire to establish themselves as the new rulers. They relocated the capital once more, this time building a new city bag. Dad, under a basic rule, the elite te enjoyed a lifestyle of luxury, thanks to extensive trade networks that brought both products and people from all over the known world to bag dad. Because in person, indian and arab cultures and knowledge intermingled, leading to artistic and scientific advancement. The Cliff was wealthy and powerful beyond imagination, but there was never a clear line of succession dictating who would become the next clive. Any male relative of the former Cliff was eligible, so brothers, nephews and uncles fought to gain power within the court. Army officers, wives, concubine and government officials all demanded their share of the treasury because the cay lift depended on his anteros to stay in power. Each transition of rulership open the doors for favorite tisa and corruption outside the court. Many question the legitimacy of the Cliff, noting that the clip's religious duty to moral excEllence was at odds with the courtrooms decade displays of welk. In twelve fifty eight ce, the monks approached. They encountered little resistance as they thoroughly destroy the city. Legend has IT that they rolled the Cliff in a rug and had horses trample him to death, and that the tigris river ran black from the ink of the menu scripts that were thrown into IT. The siege of baghdad laid bare longstanding reality. For centuries, the Cliff s had ruled mostly symbolic. Local leaders throughout the empire had grown more powerful, and they refused to pay taxes, spending the money on their own courts. Instead, the time of one united islamic empire was over, but its influence, through written and spoken arabic, islam and the ideas of its greatest intellectuals, left a lasting mark on the world. As did its design in architecture, brush up on the one thousand year old tradition of islamic geometric design.