Unit 1 Period 3 People of Achievement Discover useful structures 课件-高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语课件聚焦定语从句核心知识，涵盖限制性与非限制性定语从句的辨析、关系代词/副词用法及“介词+关系代词”结构，通过屠呦呦研究案例导入，从句子分析到概念讲解，构建从具体到抽象的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合文化意识与语言能力培养，以屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖案例为语境，渗透家国情怀；设计即学即练、高考链接等分层练习，结合语篇填空与短文写作，提升语言运用能力；通过对比两种从句功能，培养分析比较的思维品质。助力学生夯实语法基础，教师可高效开展结构化语法教学。

Discovering useful structures Unit 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 1. This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. 2. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. 3. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. I Lead-in 1. 第______句是限制性定语从句，第____________句是非限制性定语从句。 2. 第1句中的关系词在定语从句中作_______________。 3. 第2句中的关系词在定语从句中作_______________。 4. 第3句中的关系词在定语从句中作_______________。 3 1、2 定语 地点状语 主语 2 4. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. 5. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 6. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Lead-in 1. 第______句是限制性定语从句，第____________句是非限制性定语从句。 2. 第4句中的关系词在定语从句中作___________。 3. 第5句中的关系词在定语从句中作___________。 4. 第6句中的关系词在定语从句中作___________。 4 5、6 主语 主语 主语 3 一、相关概念 在复合句中，主句中的名词和代词可以由从句来修饰。这种用来修饰主句中的名词和代词的从句就叫做定语从句。 二、关系词的种类 关系代词 关系副词 起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语，甚至表语 起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语 定语从句 1. 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用___________，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可 ； 2. 当先行词指人时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时可用 ， 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可用__________________ 并且可 ； 3. 当关系代词在定语从句中作定语修饰名词时可用 。 which/that 省略 who / that who/whom/that 省略 whose The relative adverb (关系副词) Referring to Function where (=in/at which) when (=at/in/on which) why (= for which) place 修饰地点/ 抽象地点 time 修饰时间/ 抽象时间 reason 修饰原因 Relative Adverbs 用适当的关系词填空。 1. Do you still remember the earthquake ___________ happened ten years ago? 2. It is a good choice for tourists ________ prefer visiting places of historical interest. 3. This is the pilot with ______ my brother has worked for ten years. 4. Could you please pass me the book ________ cover is green? 5. Jackson likes the bike __________ his uncle gave him as a birthday gift. that/which that/who whom whose that/which 6. Professor Yang is a person from ______ I have learned a lot. 7. Lucy called her brother ______________ she hadn’t seen for five years. 8. It is the most interesting story ______ I have ever heard. 9. There was a time ______ my daughter was crazy about pop music. 10. The restaurant _______ I have eaten a wonderful meal is going to close down. 11. There are two main reasons ______ this situation has been allowed to continue. whom that/whom/who that when where why 非限制性定语从句的用法 非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对主句的内容或先行词进行补充、解释或附加说明，缺少也不会影响对全句的理解。它与主句或先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，常常单独翻译，没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as, which, who, whom, whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when, where等，作定语从句的状语。 关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中一般不能省略，注意：that, why 不可用来引导非限制性定语从句。 The sun, which rises in the east, gives us heat and light. 太阳从东方升起，带给我们光和热。 9 使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题 1. 关系代词 as 和 which (1) 关系代词 as 和 which 既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。as 在从句中作主语或宾语，as 引导的非限制性定语从句，可在主句前，可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可指代主句的整个内容。 As is known to everybody, the Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders of the world. 众所周知，中国的长城是世界最伟大的奇迹之一。 The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 出乎我们意料的是，天气变得非常好。 (2)当定语从句放在主句后面时，as也并非永远等于which。 ①当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用 which。 We had a snowstorm in April, which was unexpected for this region. 我们在四月份遭遇了一场暴风雪，这对该地区来说是意想不到的。 ②当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态，如：be known, be said, be reported, be announced等。如果从句中的动词是主动语态，一般用which 作主语。 He performed excellently in the interview and got the job, as was expected. 他在面试中表现出色并得到了那份工作，这正如大家所料。 It rained heavily all night, which caused severe flooding in the village. 下了一整晚暴雨，这导致村里发生了严重的洪水。 ③ as 常用在 as seems likely, as often happens, as was said earlier, as I remember, as I understand, as appears 等结构中，意思是“正如……”。 The small café was crowded with regulars, as often happens on a Saturday morning. 这家小咖啡馆挤满了常客，这在周六早晨是常事。 This, as was said earlier, is the most crucial point in our entire argument. 这一点，正如之前所说，是我们整个论点中最关键的部分。 As appears from her statement, she has no intention of resigning. 从她的声明来看，她并没有辞职的打算。 ④ as 仍然保持作连词时常用的含义，意思是“和……一样”。 The company is facing financial difficulties, as are many others in the industry. 这家公司正面临财务困难，该行业的许多其他公司也是如此。 as is known to all 众所周知 as you know 正如你所知道的那样 as is expected 正如所预料的那样 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as we expected 正如我们所期待的 as has been said before 正如之前所说 as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 as is reported / said 正如报道/所说的那样 as is shown in the figure 如图所示 as seems likely 这似乎很可能 as 常见搭配 2. 大多数关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，但 that 一般不用来引导非限制性定语从句。 大雨下了三天，这导致了该地区发生严重洪水。 误：It rained heavily for three days, that caused severe flooding in the area. 正：It rained heavily for three days, which caused severe flooding in the area. 3. 关系代词的省略情况。不同的关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中，所有的关系词均不可省略。 This is the reference book (which / that) I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的参考书。 The reference book, which I bought yesterday, has been given to my friend. 我昨天买的参考书，现已送给我的朋友了。 “介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋ which”有时还可以与关系副词 where, when, why 等互换；“介词＋ whom / whose” 在定语从句中没有与之对应的关系词可替代。 He came to a farm, on which / where he finally settled down. 他来到一个农场，并最终在那里定居。 I will always remember my graduation day, on which / when everything felt possible. 我将永远记得我的毕业日，那时感觉一切皆有可能。 I called you for a specific reason, for which / why I can’t explain right now. 我打电话给你有一个具体的原因，这个原因我现在无法解释。 15 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同 (1) 限制性定语从句常紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，主、从句之间不用逗号隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号隔开，并且as引导的非限制性定语从句还可放在主句之前。 Students who/that complete this course will receive a certificate. 完成这门课程的的学生将获得证书。 (限制性定语从句) The Eiffel Tower, which was built in 1889, is one of the most famous structures in the world. 埃菲尔铁塔，建于1889年，是世界上最著名的建筑之一。 (非限制性定语从句) As you all know, the main goal for this quarter is to increase sales by 15%. 正如各位所知，本季度的主要目标是将销售额提高15%。(非限制性定语从句) (2)限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子。 He studied hard at school when he was young, which led to his success in his later life. (3)that可用来引导限制性定语从句，但一般不用来引导非限制性定语从句；引导限制性定语从句的关系代词，如果在从句中作宾语，口语中常可以省略；引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，即使在从句中作宾语，一般也不省略。 Her cooking, which we used to joke about, has become absolutely delicious. (句中 which 不可换成 that) We finally visited my grandfather, whom we hadn’t visited since Christmas. (句中 whom 一般不省略) (4)翻译时限制性定语从句通常被翻译到先行词的前面，而非限制性定语从句常常单独译成一句话放在主句之后，用来补充说明主句。 The new bicycle (that / which) my brother rides was bought this year. (限制性定语从句) 我哥哥骑着的那辆新自行车是今年买的。 I will never forget the day when we first met in the academy. (限制性定语从句) 我永远不会忘记我们初次在大学校园见面的那一天。 She gave me a beautiful gift, which was wrapped in blue paper. 她给了我一份漂亮的礼物，这份礼物是用蓝纸包装的。(非限制性定语从句) The meeting will be held in the main hall, where we had the annual party last year. (非限制性定语从句) 会议将在主大厅举行，我们去年在那里举办过年度派对。 一、单句语法填空。 1. The meeting will be postponed until next Monday, ________ the manager is back. 2. The famous scientist, _______ made a groundbreaking discovery, gave a lecture. 3. She explained her reason for leaving, ________ was why everyone was so surprised. 4. is known to all, Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize twice for her great scientific discoveries. 5. The old house in the village, _______ roof was damaged in the terrible storm, is being repaired. who when which As 即学即练 whose 19 6. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________, of course, made the others unhappy. 7. The company has a team of experts, many of ________ have decades of experience. 8. They showed us around the city, the best part of _______ was the ancient temple. 9. The expedition finally reached the summit of the mountain, _________ a breathtaking overall view of the entire valley unfolded before their eyes. 10. She dedicated her life to humanitarian work in war zones, for ________ she was ultimately awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. which whom which which where 20 二、完成句子。 1. The compound, __________________ (它的名字意思是) ‌“to open the network of the heart”, has long been used as a traditional Chinese treatment for patients suffering heart attacks or strokes. 2. There’s also open acknowledgment from the likes of Shaun Rein, _______________ (他写了) numerous books that promotes China’s culture on a global scale. 3. Three years later, he moved to Peru, __________________________ (在那里他致力于) religious and educational work. 4. It just so happened that a popular website linked to Dave’s blog about the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue, ______________ (我们都知道), had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help. 5. It is associated with happiness and courage. These are qualities _____________________ (可以分享) with other forms of life. whose name means who has written where he devoted himself to as we all know that/which can be shared 21 三、短文填空。 Protecting Our Planet: Actions to Improve the Ecological Environment The Earth, which sustains all life forms, is facing serious environmental threats. Scientists _____ study climate change warn that we need to act now. Pollution,   comes from factories, cars and other sources, is harming our air, water and soil. Governments   policies focus on sustainability can lead this important work. We must protect natural places   plants and animals live. The time   we need to take action is now, because waiting will be catastrophic. This is the reason   learning about the environment matters - it helps people see that small everyday choices can help a lot. Clean energy sources such as solar and wind power,   we know, can help us use less fossil fuel. People   live in green ways help too. Simple things like taking buses, ______ causes less pollution, or using reusable bags, whose benefits are clear, all add up to make a difference. Companies  use earth-friendly methods show how business can help. By working together, we can fix nature   balance has been damaged. The future ______  everyone has clean air and water is worth working for. Remember, every good thing we do helps our planet! when whose which why where who that/who when as which whose that / which 22 高考链接 1. (2024年全国新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands __ (as) a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ___________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the __ (richness) of gardening in England. 2. (2024年1月浙江高考英语)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _____________ will make them the most money. 3. (2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. 4. (2022·新高考全国I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 5. (2021·新高考全国II卷) I decided that if I learned of a company ____________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. which/that that / which that / which that which /that 23 6. (2020·全国I卷) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 7. (2025年全国高考英语I卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese,     originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 8. (2025年全国高考英语II卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,           bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and      (central) heating doesn’t exist. 9. (2025年高考英语浙江1月卷)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 10. (2025年高考英语北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists      (left) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year,         accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. where which where which which Discover useful strutures 1 Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions. 1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. restrictive, describe the kind of medical treatments they tested 限制性定语从句。从句“that showed promise in the fight against the disease”表明他们所测试的是有望对抗疾病的中医药治疗方法，而并非所有的治疗方法。从句起着重要的限制作用，故用限制性定语从句。 2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. non-restrictive, give extra information about Nobel Prize 非限制性定语从句。诺贝尔奖的权威性和唯一性众所周知，所以“which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive”只起补充信息的作用，故用非限制性定语从句。其中，先行词为the Nobel Prize，关系代词which在定语从句中充当主语。 3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. non-restrictive, give extra information about Hainan 非限制性定语从句，where引导的从句只是说明屠呦呦到海南进行研究的原因，所以“where malaria was more common”并不起重要的限制作用，故用非限制性定语从句。其中，先行词为Hainan,关系副词where在定语从句中充当地点状语。 4. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. non-restrictive, give extra information about the patients 非限制性定语从句，whom引导的从句只是补充说明这些病人治疗后的效果，所以“most of whom recovered”不起限制作用。其中，先行词为malaria patients，关系代词whom在定语从句中充当介词of的宾语。 2. Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses. EXAMPLE The book tells us about Alexander Fleming. He discovered penicillin. 1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. 3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin. We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power. There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control. 4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. 5. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China. 6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling, which inspired us a lot. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me. Write down the word that matches each definition. Then find the sentences containing these words in the text. 1. ___________ cook something in very hot water 2. ___________ relating to plants 3. ___________ qualities or characteristics of something 4. ___________ a kind of substance that flows freely, such as water or milk 5. ___________ physical material that exists Build up your vocabulary boil botanical properties liquid substance 1. boil: “They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.” 2. botanical: “In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.” 3. properties: “Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.” 4. liquid: “They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.” 5. substance: “Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.” The sentences containing these words in the text. Tu Youyou and her team first tried ________ sweet wormwood and used the _______ obtained, only to find it didn’t work since its medical __________ were destroyed. It was not until she used a lower temperature that the _________ named artemisinin, a __________ treatment for malaria, was successfully extracted. Fill in the blanks boiling botanical properties liquid substance Please fill in the blanks with the above words. 2 Guess the meaning of the underlined words. Then fill in the blanks with words that have the same roots. 1. The two flowers are quite distinct from one another, so it is easy to make a ____________ between them. 2. Scientists need to _________ how valuable it is. 3. A talented scientist well known for his ____________ how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove to his country, Huang Danian committed himself to his research in geophysics. 4. A: Did you come to any conclusions? B: Yes, we __________ that by drawing out the extract at a low temperature, we could find the substance that we needed to complete the experiment. 5. She spends a lot of time __________ her patients’ dreams. This analysis is very helpful, explaining their daily behaviour very well. distinction evaluate commitment concluded analysing 3 Read the passage about Lu Xun. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. insist obtain objective acknowledge apparently crucial Lu Xun, ____________ as one of the greatest modern writers in China, was born in Zhejiang Province in 1881. In 1904, he went to Japan and became a medical student, with the _________ of improving people’s health and saving lives. However, he changed his mind when he saw in a photo a Chinese man about to be killed by a Japanese soldier. It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo ___________ did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen. From this, he concluded that the _______ problem in China was not physical illness, but the spiritual illness of people at that time. Following this, he quit medical school. When he returned to China in 1908, he _________ a teaching job. In 1917, a friend ________ that he help write for a magazine called New Youth. That was how his first famous short story A Madman’s Diary got published. acknowledged objective apparently crucial obtained insisted 1 be in power 2 beyond one’s control 3 under construction 4 with the help of sb 5 a flow chart 6 Chinese herbal medicine 7 work best for my cough 超出某人的控制 在建设中 在某人的帮助下 流程图 中草药；中药 对我的咳嗽效果最好 Important phrases (P5) 当权；执政 1.完成课本 Workbook P62 Using structure 部分。 2. Write a short passage according to what you have learned in this period. Homework 35 36 $