Unit 4 An old man tried to move the mountains. 人与社会：文学与艺术（话题阅读精练）英语鲁教版五四学制八年级上册

Unit 4 An old man tried to move the mountains. 文学与艺术 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 PassageA 阅读理解 记叙文 246 本文是一则神话故事。众神创造了潘多拉并把世间最珍贵的礼物都送给了她，但唯有Jupiter送了她一个盒子。潘多拉来到人世间，忍不住好奇心就打开了魔盒，结果释放了盒子里面所有的邪恶。 PassageB 阅读理解 记叙文 259 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了小猫从天而降的故事。 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 230 本文通过Hello Kitty、Snoopy、Garfield和Mashimaro等卡通动物的性格特征，类比现实生活中身边人的性格，解释人们喜爱这些卡通形象的原因。 Passage2 任务型阅读 记叙文 173 本文主要介绍一只母象和她的宝宝，因小象太小无法跟上象群而独自生活在森林中。母象承诺在小象幼时全力保护他，等他长大后需学会独立生存。随着小象长大，他们重返象群，最终在河边过上幸福生活。 模拟演练 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 485 本文主要讲述了善良的商贩帮助蚂蚁、蜈蚣以及富人的故事。 Passage2 阅读理解 议论文 268 本文通过龟兔赛跑的故事，引出了文章的主题——慢但是坚持不懈的人往往会成功。 Passage3 阅读回答问题 应用文 269 本文主要介绍了中国动画电影《Nobody》，它凭借独特的水墨画风格和温暖人心的西游题材故事，打破了国产二维动画票房纪录，深受全年龄段观众喜爱。 Passage4 短文填空 记叙文 219 本文讲述了一个农民的驴掉进井里，农民试图救出驴未果后决定用土把井填平，驴却通过抖落身上的土并踩着土一步步走出井口的故事。借此告诉我们，生活中遇到的问题就像驴身上的土，要抖落它并向前迈进。 时文阅读 话题谚语小知识 · Art is a lie that tells the truth.艺术是揭示真理的谎言。 · The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls.艺术的使命是洗净灵魂上的世俗尘埃。 · Imagination is more important than knowledge.想象力比知识更重要。 · Mythology is not a lie, it is poetic truth.神话并非谎言，它是诗意的真理。 时文阅读 Passage A（潘多拉的魔盒） A very long time ago,the ancient gods held a meeting.At this meeting,they decided to create a masterpiece(杰作).There were some discussions about what kind of masterpiece they wanted to create,but finally they agreed that it should be a perfect girl. So they created Pandora and gave her the most precious(珍贵的)gifts they could think of.They gave her beauty,intelligence,wisdom and skill in all things.Then they took her to Jupiter,the king of the gods.They asked Jupiter to give her a present,too,before they sent her down to Earth. However,Jupiter was not happy with what the other gods had given Pandora.He gave her what looked like an ordinary(普通的)box.“This is my gift to you,Pandora,"he said,"but you must never open it.You have gifts enough from the other gods.”Pandora took the box down to Earth with her,and for a while she stopped the temptation(诱惑)to open it and find out what was inside. Then one day,she could resist(抵挡)the temptation no longer and opened the box.Out poured all the evils(邪恶)that have caused so much pain and sadness to mankind:old age,sickness,jealousy,selfishness and greed.Pandora tried to force the evils back into the box,but it was too late.They quickly spread all over the Earth.Only one good thing came out of the box.It was hope.It has been hope that has made it possible for mankind to deal with all the evils that Pandora released(释放). 1.The ancient gods held a meeting to A.create a girl B.create a box C.give gifts to a girl D.create a masterpiece 2.Pandora might have the following skills EXCEPT A.reading books B.solving problems C.lying to someone D.being curious about something 3.What did Pandora do when she went down to Earth? A.She threw the box away. B.She never opened the box. C.She opened the box right now. D.She kept the box for some time. 4.Who or what saved mankind? A.Jupiter. B.Hope. C.Pandora. D.Wisdom. 长难句解析 原句：（第4段倒数第一句）It has been hope that has made it possible for mankind to deal with all the evils that Pandora released. 译文：正是希望，使得人类能够应对潘多拉所释放的所有邪恶。 分析：“It is/has been...that”+ 形式宾语 + 定语从句” 的复合句。 has made it possible（使… 成为可能），“it” 是形式宾语。 that Pandora released（潘多拉释放的），修饰先行词 “all the evils”。 词汇积累 ancient 古代的 resist 抵挡；抵抗 spread 传播；扩散 jealousy 嫉妒 selfishness 自私 greed 贪婪 mankind 人类 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一则神话故事。众神创造了潘多拉并把世间最珍贵的礼物都送给了她，但唯有Jupiter送了她一个盒子。潘多拉来到人世间，忍不住好奇心就打开了魔盒，结果释放了盒子里面所有的邪恶。 1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，众神在一起开会是想创造一件杰作。因此D 项正确。 2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，众神给了潘多拉许多优秀的天赋和技能。因此选择C项。 3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段可知，潘多拉到人间以后并没有立刻打开盒子，而是等了一段时间。因此D项正确。 4.B细节理解题。根据第四段可知，最后是希望救了人类。因此B项正确， 译文 潘多拉的盒子 很久很久以前，古代的众神召开了一场会议。会上，他们决定创造一件杰作。关于要创造什么样的杰作，众神进行了一番讨论，但最终一致同意，这件杰作应当是一位完美的少女。 于是，他们创造了潘多拉，并将所能想到的最珍贵的礼物都赠予了她：他们给了她美丽、聪慧、智慧，以及精通万物的能力。之后，众神带她去见了众神之王Jupiter，请求Jupiter也送她一份礼物，随后再将她送往人间。 然而，Jupiter对其他众神赠予潘多拉的礼物并不满意。他给了潘多拉一个看似普通的盒子。“潘多拉，这是我给你的礼物，” 他说道，“但你绝不能打开它。其他众神已经给了你足够多的礼物了。” 潘多拉带着这个盒子来到了人间。有好一阵子，她都克制住了想要打开盒子、一探究竟的诱惑。 后来有一天，她再也无法抵挡这份诱惑，打开了盒子。所有给人类带来无尽痛苦与悲伤的邪恶之物都涌了出来：衰老、疾病、嫉妒、自私与贪婪。潘多拉试图将这些邪恶之物塞回盒子里，但已经太迟了。它们迅速蔓延到了世界各地。只有一样美好的东西从盒子里出来了，那就是希望。正是希望，让人类得以应对潘多拉所释放的所有邪恶。 Passage B（天外来猫） A pastor(牧师)had a kitten(小猫)that climbed up a tree in his backyard and then was afraid to come down.The pastor offered fish and warm milk.The kitten would not come down.The tree was not sturdy (健壮的)enough to climb,so the pastor decided that if he tied a rope to his car and drove away so that the tree bent(弯)down,he could then reach up and get the kitten.He did all this to bend the tree enough for him to reach the kitten. But as he moved a little further forward,the rope broke.And the kitten suddenly sailed through the air—out of sight.The pastor felt terrible.He walked all over the neighbourhood asking people if they'd seen a little kitten.Nobody had seen a poor kitten.So,he wished this kitten good luck and went on about his business. A few days later,he met one of his church members at the store.He was surprised to see cat food in the lady's shopping bag.He asked her,"Why are you buying cat food when you hate cats so much?” She told him how her little girl had been begging her for a cat,but she kept refusing. The Mum finally told her little girl,"Wel,if the Lord gives you a cat,I'llet you keep it.I watched my child go out in the yard and ask Lord for a cat.And really,Pastor,you won’t believe this,but I saw it with my own eyes.A kitten suddenly came flying out of the blue sky,with its paws(爪)spread out,and landed right in front of her." 1.According to Paragraph 1,the kitten A.was very brave and strong B.wanted fish and warm milk C.often climbed up the tree D.was afraid to come down the tree 2.What happened to the pastor's cat after the rope broke? A.It was out of sight. B.It came down the tree. C.It landed in front of him. D.One of his neighbours found it. 3.Why was the pastor surprised at the store? A.Because he found his kitten. B.Because he met his church member. C.Because he saw a cat hater buy cat food. D.Because he saw cat food was sold at the store. 4.The cat of the little girl A.got badly injured B.was given by the Lord C.was bought by her mother D.once belonged to the pastor 长难句解析 原句：（第一段第四句）The tree was not sturdy enough to climb, so the pastor decided that if he tied a rope to his car and drove away so that the tree bent down, he could then reach up and get the kitten. 译文：那棵树不够结实，没法爬上去，所以牧师决定如果他把绳子系在自己的车上，开车把树拉弯，这样就能伸手够到小猫了。 分析：本句整体上是并列复合句（由 so 连接，表 “因果逻辑”）。前半分句（原因，简单句）：The tree was not sturdy enough to climb。后半分句（结果，复合句）：the pastor decided that+宾语从句。 词汇积累 neighbourhood 街区 church members 教会成员 refuse 拒绝 landed 着陆；降落 spread out 张开；展开 out of the blue sky 突然；意外地 beg sb for sth 向某人恳求某物 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4.D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了小猫从天而降的故事。 1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，小猫爬到后院的一棵树上，不敢下来。因此 D项正确。 2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，绳子断了之后小猫消失了。因此A项正确。 3.C'细节理解题。根据第三段可知，牧师很吃惊，是因为他看到一个不喜欢猫的人在商店里买猫粮。因此C项正确。 4.D 推理判断题。根据第四段可推知，牧师的小猫落在了小姑娘家的院子里。因此D项正确。 译文 天外来猫(牧师和小猫) 一位牧师家的小猫爬上了后院的树，之后却害怕得不敢下来。牧师拿出了鱼和热牛奶引诱它，可小猫还是不肯下来。那棵树不够结实，没法爬上去，于是牧师想了个办法：他把一根绳子系在自己的车上，打算开车把树拉弯，这样就能伸手够到小猫了。他这么做，就是为了让树弯到足够低，好把小猫抱下来。 可就在他把车往前再开了一点时，绳子突然断了。小猫一下子从空中飞了出去，转眼就没了踪影。牧师心里别提多难受了。他在整个街区四处打听，问有没有人看到一只小猫，可没人见过这只可怜的小家伙。没办法，他只能在心里祝小猫好运，然后继续忙自己的事。 几天后，牧师在商店里碰到了一位教会成员。看到这位女士的购物袋里装着猫粮，他很惊讶，于是问道：“您不是特别讨厌猫吗？怎么会买猫粮呀？” 女士跟他解释，说她的小女儿一直缠着要养一只猫，可她始终没同意。 最后，这位妈妈跟女儿说：“这样吧，如果上帝能送你一只猫，我就答应让你养。我看着孩子跑到院子里，向上帝祈求能有一只猫。牧师啊，你肯定不会信的，这事儿我可是亲眼所见 —— 一只小猫突然从天上飞了下来，爪子张开着，正好落在了我女儿面前。” 话题写作佳句积累 1. Once upon a time，there was a very old man.从前，有一个老人。 2. Yu Gong found a good way to solve his problem.愚公找到了一个解决问题的好方法。 3. Yu Gong kept trying and didn't give up.愚公继续尝试，从不放弃。 4. Sun Wukong can make 72 changes to his shape and size，turning himself into different animals and objects.孙悟空能够在形状和大小上72变，把他自己变成不同的动物和物体。 5. Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.有时他能把金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放进他的耳朵里。 6. The story is trying to show us that anything is possible if you work hard！这个故事尽全力向我们展示了如果你努力了，什么事情都是有可能的。 7. This story reminds us that you can never know what's possible unless you try to make it happen.这个故事提醒我们除非你尽力使它发生，否则你就不会知道什么是可能。 8. Western children became interested in reading this story because the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never gives up.西方国家的孩子对读这个故事很感兴趣，是因为猴王为帮助弱者一直战斗着，从不放弃。 实战演练 真题示例 Passage1 （24-25八年级下·广西南宁·期末） Why do you remember Hello Kitty, Snoopy and all the other lovely animals? What makes you love them? Well, maybe because they’re like the people around you. Think about it! You may just find a friend or classmate who is like them. As sweet as Hello Kitty: She likes to eat cakes. She loves to make new friends. She asks friends to her tea parties. She is warm and sunny and will always help you. As clever as Snoopy: He went to school when he was nine. He learned to use a typewriter (打字机) in two years! He thinks a lot. He is so clever that you like to be with him. As sarcastic (讽刺的) as Garfield: He sits happily in the seat and says sharp (刻薄的) words to you. Sometimes he is not nice. He doesn’t really like you? No, in his heart, he loves you. He is a friend with sharp words but a warm heart. As naughty (淘气的) as Mashimaro: He doesn’t look like a good boy. He has sleepy eyes and looks naughty. He always plays tricks on people. So you get angry with him and don’t like him very much. His mind is active and full of ideas. But he does all this just to make you notice him. 1．Cathy likes eating cakes and making friends, which cartoon animal is she like? A．Hello Kitty. B．Snoopy. C．Mashimaro. 2．If you want to have a friend like Snoopy, what is he or she like? A．Clever. B．Naughty. C．Active. 3．Who is always warm-hearted with sharp words? A．Hello Kitty. B．Mashimaro. C．Garfield. 4．What do the underlined words “plays tricks on” probably mean in Paragraph 5? A．玩游戏 B．交朋友 C．捉弄 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The cartoon animals often make people laugh because they are funny. B．People love cartoon animals maybe because they’re like the people around them. C．The cartoon animals are lovely because they are smart and full of ideas. 长难句解析 原句：（第一段第二句）He is so clever that you like to be with him. 译文：他（史努比）如此聪明，以至于你喜欢和他待在一起。 分析：结果状语从句，核心结构为“so+形容词+that从句” so...that...“如此…… 以至于……”，引导结果状语从句 词汇积累 lovely可爱的 active活跃的；积极的 play tricks on 捉弄；对…… 搞恶作剧get angry with 对…… 生气 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过Hello Kitty、Snoopy、Garfield和Mashimaro等卡通动物的性格特征，类比现实生活中身边人的性格，解释人们喜爱这些卡通形象的原因。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“As sweet as Hello Kitty: She likes to eat cakes. She loves to make new friends.”可知，Hello Kitty的特征是喜欢吃蛋糕和交朋友。因此Cathy像Hello Kitty。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“As clever as Snoopy: He thinks a lot. He is so clever that you like to be with him.”可知，Snoopy的特点是聪明。因此像Snoopy的朋友也应该是聪明的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“As sarcastic as Garfield: He says sharp words to you... he loves you. He is a friend with sharp words but a warm heart.”可知，Garfield的特点是说话刻薄但内心温暖。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据第五段“He always plays tricks on people. So you get angry with him and don’t like him very much.”可知，此处表示捉弄他人，导致别人生气。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Why do you remember Hello Kitty...? What makes you love them? Well, maybe because they’re like the people around you.”可知，文章主要解释人们喜爱卡通动物的原因是因为它们像现实生活中的人。故选B。 Passage2 （2025·新疆·中考真题） 根据短文内容，判断下面各小题的正（T）误（F）。 An elephant and her baby were alone in the forest. They had to leave their family, for the little baby was too small to keep up with the other big elephants. Whenever the mother looked at the sweet, little baby elephant, she would say, “As long as you are small, I shall do anything to protect you and take care of you. When you are big, you will have to fight for yourself. You will have to be very careful if you want to reach your full size.” In the day, when she saw him pick up some leaves with his trunk (象鼻) and put them into his mouth, she was pleased. When they met other big animals, she would cry angrily and guard him. In the night, she stood close to him until morning, for she knew a lion might be near. As time went by, the baby elephant grew big enough to follow his mother and then they met the other big elephants. They returned to their family! At last, they came to a beautiful river. There they lived a happy life together. （ ）1．The mother elephant and her baby were in the forest with their family. （ ）2．The mother elephant would try her best to protect her baby. （ ）3．When the baby elephant is big, he has to fight for himself. （ ）4．In the night, the mother elephant stood far from her baby. （ ）5．The mother elephant and her baby returned to their family at last. 长难句解析 原句：（第一段第二句）They had to leave their family, for the little baby was too small to keep up with the other big elephants. 译文：他们不得不离开族群，因为小象太小了，跟不上其他的成年大象。 分析：主句（They had to leave their family）+连词for引导的原因状语从句 重点：“too+形容词（small）+to do sth”，表“太……而不能做某事” 词汇积累 family 在文中指 “（动物）族群” guard 守护；保卫 as time went by 随着时间的推移 keep up with 跟上；不落后于 【答案】1．F 2．T 3．T 4．F 5．T 【导语】本文主要介绍一只母象和她的宝宝，因小象太小无法跟上象群而独自生活在森林中。母象承诺在小象幼时全力保护他，等他长大后需学会独立生存。随着小象长大，他们重返象群，最终在河边过上幸福生活。 1．细节理解题。根据“An elephant and her baby were alone in the forest.”可知，大象和她的幼崽独自在森林里，该项表述错误。故选F。 2．细节理解题。根据“As long as you are small, I shall do anything to protect you and take care of you.”可知，母象会尽全力保护宝宝，该项表述正确。故选T。 3．细节理解题。根据“When you are big, you will have to fight for yourself.”可知，小象长大后需独立战斗，该项表述正确。故选T。 4．细节理解题。根据“In the night, she stood close to him until morning”可知，在夜晚，她一直紧紧地依偎在他身旁，直到天亮，该项表述错误。故选F。 5．细节理解题。根据“As time went by, the baby elephant grew big enough to follow his mother and then they met the other big elephants. They returned to their family!”可知，他们最终重返家族，该项表述正确。故选T。 模拟演练 Passage 1 （2022·江苏南京·中考真题） Long ago there was an old candy peddler. He would walk around with his basket of candy, but he was so kind-hearted that he gave away as much as he sold, so he was always poor. Now in that city lived a rich man with a disease in his eyes. When the old peddler heard about it, he remembered his mother had once told him about a magical herb (药草) that was good for the eyes. The next morning, he left the city and did not stop until he was deep inside the woods. As he examined to the ground, he noticed ants scurrying about. A rock had fallen into a stream, so the water now spilled (涌) into the ants’ nest. “We’re all one,” the kind-hearted peddler said. So he waded into the shallow stream and put the rock on the bank. Then he dug a shallow ditch that sent the rest of the water back into the stream. He stumble through the growing darkness until he reached a ruined temple. As he started inside, he saw centipede. It was also rushing into the temple as fast as it could, but there was a bird swooping down toward it. “We’re all one, you and I.” So the old peddler waved his arms and shouted, scaring the bird away. “We’re one, you and I,” a voice said faintly — as if from a long distance. “If you go south, you will find s pine tree with two trunks. By it roots, you will find a magic bend. Tell the rich man to drink it if he wants to cure his eyes.” The old man followed the centipede’s instructions and travelled south. He walked until late in the afternoon and finally saw the odd tree. But the ground was covered with pine needles and his old eyes were too weak. He remembered the ants and called, “Ants, ants, we are all one.” Almost immediately, thousands of ants came pouring out of nowhere. The old man held up his fingers. “I’m looking for a bead. It might be very tiny.” And in no time, the ants with a tiny bead. Delighted, the old man expressed his thanked and made his way out of the woods. The next day, he reached the house of the rich man. However, he was so poor and ragged that the gatekeeper only laughed at him. The old peddler tried to argue. “Poor or rich man, we are all one. ” But it so happened that the rich man was passing by the gates. The old peddler took out the bead and handed it to the rich man. The rich men drank it down. Instantly the pain disappeared. Shortly after that, his eyes were cured. The rich man was so happy and grateful. The kindly old peddler and his family lived peacefully for he rest of their lives. 1．Why did the old peddler help the rich man? A．To offer his kindness. B．To look for the magical herb. C．To get the rich man’s thanks D．To save the ants and the centipede. 2．How is what the peddler did for the centipede similar to what he did for the ants? A．Giving them enough food B．Saving them out of danger. C．Building safe places for them. D．Reaching an agreement with their enemies. 3．What do the underlined words “scurrying about” in the passage mean? A．Enjoying food together. B．Moving around quickly. C．Playing with each other happily. D．Looking for streams everywhere. 4．What does the peddler mean when he says, “We are all one”? A．Insects need human’s help. B．The rich man’s eyes can be cured. C．The odd tree must be inside the woods. D．All living things share a need for kindness. 5．From which the passage is probably taken? A．A story book. B．A history book. C．A book review. D．A health magazine. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了善良的商贩帮助蚂蚁、蜈蚣以及富人的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据全文“我们都是一体的”主题可知，老商贩之所以要帮助那个富人，是因为他是个很善良的人，他始终认为大家都是一体的，互帮互助是应该的。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Then he dug a shallow ditch that sent the rest of the water back into the stream.”以及“So the old peddler waved his arms and shouted, scaring the bird away.”可知，他救了蚂蚁和蜈蚣。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“A rock had fallen into a stream, so the water now spilled (涌) into the ants’nest.”可知，一块石头掉进了小溪里导致水涌进了蚂蚁的巢穴，所以蚂蚁不得不四处乱窜。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据全文主题可知，老商贩说我们都是一体的时候，他帮助了蚂蚁、蜈蚣度过了危险，同时还帮助了富人治好了他的眼睛，因此老商贩对所有生物都很给予了善良。故选D。 5．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了善良的商贩帮助蚂蚁、蜈蚣以及富人的故事，是一个寓言故事。故选A。 Passage 2（23-24九年级下·福建福州） I am sure you know the story of the turtle (乌龟) and the rabbit. It taught people many lessons. One of these lessons is that people who have all the advantages (the fast-jumping rabbit) can be beaten by those who have nothing but inner (内心的) strength (the slow turtle). It is true that the race of life, just like the one between the rabbit and the turtle, is often unfair. Some kids have all the luck. They were born healthy and their parents are rich. These kids wear nice clothes and they always have much money to spend on anything they like. Many other kids, however, have none of these things. Some of them were even born with disabilities. They have to depend on their inner strength alone. While many people believe the “rabbits” are always successful, this is not true. In fact, the “turtles”—kids from poor families—have some of the most important things for success. They are humble (谦逊) and determined (有决心的). They march forward slowly but with great inner strength. A student from Tsinghua University shared his personal experience online. Instead of having fun with his classmates outside, he chose to get a part-time job and study hard. He knew there would be plenty of time for fun once he had overcome all of the difficulties. His story may have encouraged “turtles”. The race of life is long. Even if you get off to a slow start, you can easily catch up if you make up your mind to do so. 1．Why does the writer mention the race between the turtle and the rabbit in the beginning? A．To raise a discussion. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To tell a common story. D．To express the opinion. 2．What does the underlined sentence in Para. 2 probably mean according to the text? A．Not everyone’s starting point is the same. B．All the people have different dreams. C．People are treated differently in life. D．Everyone wants to win the race. 3．What is the meaning of the underlined word “march” in the passage? A．Look. B．Move. C．Develop. D．Change. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To advise us to try new things. B．To tell us how to succeed quickly. C．To show us the power of inner strength. D．To encourage us to take races in life bravely. 5．What’s the theme (主题) of the text? A．Society and technology. B．Man and nature. C．Education and learning. D．Culture and history. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文通过龟兔赛跑的故事，引出了文章的主题——慢但是坚持不懈的人往往会成功。 1．推理判断题。根据“One of these lessons is that people who have all the advantages (the fast-jumping rabbit) can be beaten by those who have nothing but inner (内心的) strength (the slow turtle).”可知，通过龟兔赛跑的故事，引出作者观点：拥有所有优势的人（跳得快的兔子）可能会被那些只有内在力量的人（慢乌龟）打败。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据后文“Some kids have all the luck. They were born healthy and their parents are rich. ... Many other kids, however, have none of these things.”可知，并非每个人的起点都是一样的。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“They march forward slowly but with great inner strength.”并结合选项可知，他们前进缓慢，但内心充满力量；可推测出“march”意为“前进”，与“move”意思相近。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。本文通过龟兔赛跑的故事，引出了文章的主题——慢但是坚持不懈的人往往会成功，展示了内在力量的重要性。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。本文通过龟兔赛跑的故事，引出了文章的主题——慢但是坚持不懈的人往往会成功。再结合文章最后一段“Even if you get off to a slow start, you can easily catch up if you make up your mind to do so.”可知，即使你起步慢，只要你下定决心去做，你也可以很容易地赶上。由此可知文章主题是关于教育与学习。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26八年级上·湖南长沙） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 “Nobody” is a great Chinese 2D animated (动画) film. It is very popular this summer. Shanghai Animation Film Studio made it. It came out (上映) on August 2, 2025. By August 11, it made 574 million yuan. It broke the record (打破纪录) of Chinese 2D animated films. It got 8.6 points on Douban, winning the hearts of both young and old people. The film tells a fun and warm story. In the movie, there is a little pig monster in Langlang Mountain. He made the king angry by mistake. So he had to leave with his friend, a toad monster. They joined another two little monsters, a weasel and a gorilla. Then they started a journey to the west. On their long way, they had many problems. But they never gave up. They always helped each other to solve (解决) the problems. They did lots of good things, like helping villagers and fighting bad men. Why is the movie so popular? One of the main reasons is its beautiful ink-painting style. Each picture has many ink layers (墨层). The whole film looks like a moving Chinese ink-painting. It shows us a new way to see the classic story Journey to the West. “Nobody” is more than a movie. It brings happiness and teaches us that everyone can be a hero. It also shows us the power of courage (勇气) and dreams. If you like stories with fun and exciting trips, this is a movie you won’t want to miss. 1．When did the movie come out? 2．Did the movie get popular only among kids? 3．What did the pig monster and his friends do to solve problems on their way? 4．Why is the movie so popular? 5．What can you learn from the story? 【答案】1．On August 2,2025./It came out on August 2,2025.2．No./No,it didn’t.3．They never gave up and always helped each other to solve the problems.They did lots of good things,like helping villagers and fighting bad men.4．One of the main reasons is its beautiful ink-painting style.5．Everyone can be a hero./The power of courage and dreams is important. 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国动画电影《Nobody》，它凭借独特的水墨画风格和温暖人心的西游题材故事，打破了国产二维动画票房纪录，深受全年龄段观众喜爱。 1．根据第一段中的“It came out(上映)on August 2,2025.”可知，此电影在2025年8月2日上映。故填On August 2,2025./It came out on August 2,2025.。 2．根据第一段中的“It got 8.6 points on Douban,winning the hearts of both young and old people.”可知，此部电影不只是赢得了年轻人的心，还赢得了老年人的心故填No./No,it didn’t.。 3．根据第三段“On their long way,they had many problems.But they never gave up…fighting bad men.”可知，在漫长的旅途中，他们遇到了许多问题，但他们从未放弃，并且总是互相帮助来解决问题。 他们还通过帮助村民和与坏人斗争等善行来应对挑战。故填They never gave up and always helped each other to solve the problems.They did lots of good things,like helping villagers and fighting bad men.。 4．根据“Why is the movie so popular?One of the main reasons is its beautiful ink-painting style.”可知，这部电影大受欢迎的一个主要原因是其精美的水墨画风格。故填One of the main reasons is its beautiful ink-painting style.。 5．根据“…more than a movie.It brings happiness and teaches us that everyone can be a hero.It also shows us the power of courage and dreams.”可知，这个电影告诉我们，每个人都能成为英雄。勇气和梦想的力量很重要。 故填Everyone can be a hero./The power of courage and dreams is important.。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·吉林长春·期中） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One day a farmer’s donkey (驴) fell into a well (井). Since 1 well was deep, the donkey couldn’t get out and cried for hours. The farmer tried everything possible to get the donkey 2 but didn’t make it. 3 (final), the farmer had to give up any more tries and made a 4 (decide) to cover up the donkey with dirt. The farmer invited all his neighbors 5 (come) over and help him. All the people started to shovel (铲) dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized what was happening and he started 6 (cry) even 7 (loud). After some time, to everyone’s surprise, the donkey quieted down. The farmer looked down the well and was 8 (surprise) at what he saw. With every shovel of dirt that fell on his back, the donkey shook it off and took a step up. After a couple of minutes, the donkey was closer 9 getting out of the well and this story came to a happy ending—the donkey jumped out! So, friends. Whatever problems we may meet in life are like dirt to the donkey. 10 life throws “dirt” at you, never fail to shake it off and take a step up! 【答案】 1．the 2．out 3．Finally 4．decision 5．to come 6．crying 7．louder 8．surprised 9．to 10．When/If 【导语】本文讲述了一个农民的驴掉进井里，农民试图救出驴未果后决定用土把井填平，驴却通过抖落身上的土并踩着土一步步走出井口的故事。文章借此告诉我们，生活中遇到的问题就像驴身上的土，要抖落它并向前迈进。 1．句意：由于井很深，驴出不来，哭了好几个小时。根据“well was deep”可知，此处特指前文提到的井，因此用定冠词“the”修饰。故填the。 2．句意：农夫想尽一切办法想把驴弄出来，但没有成功。根据“the donkey couldn’t get out”可知，此处表示农夫想让驴从井里出来，因此用“out”表示“从……出来”。故填out。 3．句意：最后，农夫不得不放弃更多的尝试，决定用土把驴埋起来。根据“the farmer had to give up any more tries”可知，此处表示经过一系列尝试后最终的结果，因此用副词“finally”表示“最后”，句首首字母大写。故填Finally。 4．句意：最后，农夫不得不放弃更多的尝试，决定用土把驴埋起来。根据“made a”可知，此处表示做决定，因此用名词“decision”表示“决定”，make a decision为固定搭配，表示“做决定”。故填decision。 5．句意：农夫邀请了他所有的邻居过来帮他。根据“invited all his neighbors”可知，此处表示邀请邻居来做某事，因此用动词不定式“to come”表示“来”。故填to come。 6．句意：一开始，驴意识到发生了什么，他开始哭得更大声了。根据“started”可知，此处表示开始做某事，因此用动名词“crying”表示“哭”，start doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“开始做某事”。故填crying。 7．句意：一开始，驴意识到发生了什么，他开始哭得更大声了。根据“even”可知，此处表示与之前相比哭得更大声，因此用比较级“louder”表示“更大声”。故填louder。 8．句意：农夫往井里一看，对他所看到的感到惊讶。根据“was”可知，此处表示农夫感到惊讶，因此用形容词“surprised”表示“惊讶的”，be surprised at为固定搭配，表示“对……感到惊讶”。故填surprised。 9．句意：几分钟后，驴离井口更近了，这个故事有了一个幸福的结局——驴跳了出来！根据“closer”可知，此处表示离井口更近，因此用介词“to”表示“离……近”，be closer to为固定搭配，表示“离…更近”。故填to。 10．句意：当/如果生活向你扔“土”，不要忘记抖落它并向前迈进！根据“life throws ‘dirt’ at you”可知，此处表示当生活向你扔“土”时或如果生活向你扔“土”，因此用连词“when”表示“当……时”或“if”表示“如果”，句首首字母大写。故填When/If。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 An old man tried to move the mountains. 文学与艺术 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 PassageA 阅读理解 记叙文 246 本文是一则神话故事。众神创造了潘多拉并把世间最珍贵的礼物都送给了她，但唯有Jupiter送了她一个盒子。潘多拉来到人世间，忍不住好奇心就打开了魔盒，结果释放了盒子里面所有的邪恶。 PassageB 阅读理解 记叙文 259 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了小猫从天而降的故事。 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 230 本文通过Hello Kitty、Snoopy、Garfield和Mashimaro等卡通动物的性格特征，类比现实生活中身边人的性格，解释人们喜爱这些卡通形象的原因。 Passage2 任务型阅读 记叙文 173 本文主要介绍一只母象和她的宝宝，因小象太小无法跟上象群而独自生活在森林中。母象承诺在小象幼时全力保护他，等他长大后需学会独立生存。随着小象长大，他们重返象群，最终在河边过上幸福生活。 模拟演练 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 485 本文主要讲述了善良的商贩帮助蚂蚁、蜈蚣以及富人的故事。 Passage2 阅读理解 议论文 268 本文通过龟兔赛跑的故事，引出了文章的主题——慢但是坚持不懈的人往往会成功。 Passage3 阅读回答问题 应用文 269 本文主要介绍了中国动画电影《Nobody》，它凭借独特的水墨画风格和温暖人心的西游题材故事，打破了国产二维动画票房纪录，深受全年龄段观众喜爱。 Passage4 短文填空 记叙文 219 本文讲述了一个农民的驴掉进井里，农民试图救出驴未果后决定用土把井填平，驴却通过抖落身上的土并踩着土一步步走出井口的故事。借此告诉我们，生活中遇到的问题就像驴身上的土，要抖落它并向前迈进。 时文阅读 话题谚语小知识 · Art is a lie that tells the truth.艺术是揭示真理的谎言。 · The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls.艺术的使命是洗净灵魂上的世俗尘埃。 · Imagination is more important than knowledge.想象力比知识更重要。 · Mythology is not a lie, it is poetic truth.神话并非谎言，它是诗意的真理。 时文阅读 Passage A（潘多拉的魔盒） A very long time ago,the ancient gods held a meeting.At this meeting,they decided to create a masterpiece(杰作).There were some discussions about what kind of masterpiece they wanted to create,but finally they agreed that it should be a perfect girl. So they created Pandora and gave her the most precious(珍贵的)gifts they could think of.They gave her beauty,intelligence,wisdom and skill in all things.Then they took her to Jupiter,the king of the gods.They asked Jupiter to give her a present,too,before they sent her down to Earth. However,Jupiter was not happy with what the other gods had given Pandora.He gave her what looked like an ordinary(普通的)box.“This is my gift to you,Pandora,"he said,"but you must never open it.You have gifts enough from the other gods.”Pandora took the box down to Earth with her,and for a while she stopped the temptation(诱惑)to open it and find out what was inside. Then one day,she could resist(抵挡)the temptation no longer and opened the box.Out poured all the evils(邪恶)that have caused so much pain and sadness to mankind:old age,sickness,jealousy,selfishness and greed.Pandora tried to force the evils back into the box,but it was too late.They quickly spread all over the Earth.Only one good thing came out of the box.It was hope.It has been hope that has made it possible for mankind to deal with all the evils that Pandora released(释放). 1.The ancient gods held a meeting to A.create a girl B.create a box C.give gifts to a girl D.create a masterpiece 2.Pandora might have the following skills EXCEPT A.reading books B.solving problems C.lying to someone D.being curious about something 3.What did Pandora do when she went down to Earth? A.She threw the box away. B.She never opened the box. C.She opened the box right now. D.She kept the box for some time. 4.Who or what saved mankind? A.Jupiter. B.Hope. C.Pandora. D.Wisdom. Passage B（天外来猫） A pastor(牧师)had a kitten(小猫)that climbed up a tree in his backyard and then was afraid to come down.The pastor offered fish and warm milk.The kitten would not come down.The tree was not sturdy (健壮的)enough to climb,so the pastor decided that if he tied a rope to his car and drove away so that the tree bent(弯)down,he could then reach up and get the kitten.He did all this to bend the tree enough for him to reach the kitten. But as he moved a little further forward,the rope broke.And the kitten suddenly sailed through the air—out of sight.The pastor felt terrible.He walked all over the neighbourhood asking people if they'd seen a little kitten.Nobody had seen a poor kitten.So,he wished this kitten good luck and went on about his business. A few days later,he met one of his church members at the store.He was surprised to see cat food in the lady's shopping bag.He asked her,"Why are you buying cat food when you hate cats so much?” She told him how her little girl had been begging her for a cat,but she kept refusing. The Mum finally told her little girl,"Wel,if the Lord gives you a cat,I'llet you keep it.I watched my child go out in the yard and ask Lord for a cat.And really,Pastor,you won’t believe this,but I saw it with my own eyes.A kitten suddenly came flying out of the blue sky,with its paws(爪)spread out,and landed right in front of her." 1.According to Paragraph 1,the kitten A.was very brave and strong B.wanted fish and warm milk C.often climbed up the tree D.was afraid to come down the tree 2.What happened to the pastor's cat after the rope broke? A.It was out of sight. B.It came down the tree. C.It landed in front of him. D.One of his neighbours found it. 3.Why was the pastor surprised at the store? A.Because he found his kitten. B.Because he met his church member. C.Because he saw a cat hater buy cat food. D.Because he saw cat food was sold at the store. 4.The cat of the little girl A.got badly injured B.was given by the Lord C.was bought by her mother D.once belonged to the pastor 话题写作佳句积累 1. Once upon a time，there was a very old man.从前，有一个老人。 2. Yu Gong found a good way to solve his problem.愚公找到了一个解决问题的好方法。 3. Yu Gong kept trying and didn't give up.愚公继续尝试，从不放弃。 4. Sun Wukong can make 72 changes to his shape and size，turning himself into different animals and objects.孙悟空能够在形状和大小上72变，把他自己变成不同的动物和物体。 5. Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.有时他能把金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放进他的耳朵里。 6. The story is trying to show us that anything is possible if you work hard！这个故事尽全力向我们展示了如果你努力了，什么事情都是有可能的。 7. This story reminds us that you can never know what's possible unless you try to make it happen.这个故事提醒我们除非你尽力使它发生，否则你就不会知道什么是可能。 8. Western children became interested in reading this story because the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never gives up.西方国家的孩子对读这个故事很感兴趣，是因为猴王为帮助弱者一直战斗着，从不放弃。 实战演练 真题示例 Passage1 （24-25八年级下·广西南宁·期末） Why do you remember Hello Kitty, Snoopy and all the other lovely animals? What makes you love them? Well, maybe because they’re like the people around you. Think about it! You may just find a friend or classmate who is like them. As sweet as Hello Kitty: She likes to eat cakes. She loves to make new friends. She asks friends to her tea parties. She is warm and sunny and will always help you. As clever as Snoopy: He went to school when he was nine. He learned to use a typewriter (打字机) in two years! He thinks a lot. He is so clever that you like to be with him. As sarcastic (讽刺的) as Garfield: He sits happily in the seat and says sharp (刻薄的) words to you. Sometimes he is not nice. He doesn’t really like you? No, in his heart, he loves you. He is a friend with sharp words but a warm heart. As naughty (淘气的) as Mashimaro: He doesn’t look like a good boy. He has sleepy eyes and looks naughty. He always plays tricks on people. So you get angry with him and don’t like him very much. His mind is active and full of ideas. But he does all this just to make you notice him. 1．Cathy likes eating cakes and making friends, which cartoon animal is she like? A．Hello Kitty. B．Snoopy. C．Mashimaro. 2．If you want to have a friend like Snoopy, what is he or she like? A．Clever. B．Naughty. C．Active. 3．Who is always warm-hearted with sharp words? A．Hello Kitty. B．Mashimaro. C．Garfield. 4．What do the underlined words “plays tricks on” probably mean in Paragraph 5? A．玩游戏 B．交朋友 C．捉弄 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The cartoon animals often make people laugh because they are funny. B．People love cartoon animals maybe because they’re like the people around them. C．The cartoon animals are lovely because they are smart and full of ideas. Passage2 （2025·新疆·中考真题） 根据短文内容，判断下面各小题的正（T）误（F）。 An elephant and her baby were alone in the forest. They had to leave their family, for the little baby was too small to keep up with the other big elephants. Whenever the mother looked at the sweet, little baby elephant, she would say, “As long as you are small, I shall do anything to protect you and take care of you. When you are big, you will have to fight for yourself. You will have to be very careful if you want to reach your full size.” In the day, when she saw him pick up some leaves with his trunk (象鼻) and put them into his mouth, she was pleased. When they met other big animals, she would cry angrily and guard him. In the night, she stood close to him until morning, for she knew a lion might be near. As time went by, the baby elephant grew big enough to follow his mother and then they met the other big elephants. They returned to their family! At last, they came to a beautiful river. There they lived a happy life together. （ ）1．The mother elephant and her baby were in the forest with their family. （ ）2．The mother elephant would try her best to protect her baby. （ ）3．When the baby elephant is big, he has to fight for himself. （ ）4．In the night, the mother elephant stood far from her baby. （ ）5．The mother elephant and her baby returned to their family at last. 模拟演练 Passage 1 （2022·江苏南京·中考真题） Long ago there was an old candy peddler. He would walk around with his basket of candy, but he was so kind-hearted that he gave away as much as he sold, so he was always poor. Now in that city lived a rich man with a disease in his eyes. When the old peddler heard about it, he remembered his mother had once told him about a magical herb (药草) that was good for the eyes. The next morning, he left the city and did not stop until he was deep inside the woods. As he examined to the ground, he noticed ants scurrying about. A rock had fallen into a stream, so the water now spilled (涌) into the ants’ nest. “We’re all one,” the kind-hearted peddler said. So he waded into the shallow stream and put the rock on the bank. Then he dug a shallow ditch that sent the rest of the water back into the stream. He stumble through the growing darkness until he reached a ruined temple. As he started inside, he saw centipede. It was also rushing into the temple as fast as it could, but there was a bird swooping down toward it. “We’re all one, you and I.” So the old peddler waved his arms and shouted, scaring the bird away. “We’re one, you and I,” a voice said faintly — as if from a long distance. “If you go south, you will find s pine tree with two trunks. By it roots, you will find a magic bend. Tell the rich man to drink it if he wants to cure his eyes.” The old man followed the centipede’s instructions and travelled south. He walked until late in the afternoon and finally saw the odd tree. But the ground was covered with pine needles and his old eyes were too weak. He remembered the ants and called, “Ants, ants, we are all one.” Almost immediately, thousands of ants came pouring out of nowhere. The old man held up his fingers. “I’m looking for a bead. It might be very tiny.” And in no time, the ants with a tiny bead. Delighted, the old man expressed his thanked and made his way out of the woods. The next day, he reached the house of the rich man. However, he was so poor and ragged that the gatekeeper only laughed at him. The old peddler tried to argue. “Poor or rich man, we are all one. ” But it so happened that the rich man was passing by the gates. The old peddler took out the bead and handed it to the rich man. The rich men drank it down. Instantly the pain disappeared. Shortly after that, his eyes were cured. The rich man was so happy and grateful. The kindly old peddler and his family lived peacefully for he rest of their lives. 1．Why did the old peddler help the rich man? A．To offer his kindness. B．To look for the magical herb. C．To get the rich man’s thanks D．To save the ants and the centipede. 2．How is what the peddler did for the centipede similar to what he did for the ants? A．Giving them enough food B．Saving them out of danger. C．Building safe places for them. D．Reaching an agreement with their enemies. 3．What do the underlined words “scurrying about” in the passage mean? A．Enjoying food together. B．Moving around quickly. C．Playing with each other happily. D．Looking for streams everywhere. 4．What does the peddler mean when he says, “We are all one”? A．Insects need human’s help. B．The rich man’s eyes can be cured. C．The odd tree must be inside the woods. D．All living things share a need for kindness. 5．From which the passage is probably taken? A．A story book. B．A history book. C．A book review. D．A health magazine. Passage 2（23-24九年级下·福建福州） I am sure you know the story of the turtle (乌龟) and the rabbit. It taught people many lessons. One of these lessons is that people who have all the advantages (the fast-jumping rabbit) can be beaten by those who have nothing but inner (内心的) strength (the slow turtle). It is true that the race of life, just like the one between the rabbit and the turtle, is often unfair. Some kids have all the luck. They were born healthy and their parents are rich. These kids wear nice clothes and they always have much money to spend on anything they like. Many other kids, however, have none of these things. Some of them were even born with disabilities. They have to depend on their inner strength alone. While many people believe the “rabbits” are always successful, this is not true. In fact, the “turtles”—kids from poor families—have some of the most important things for success. They are humble (谦逊) and determined (有决心的). They march forward slowly but with great inner strength. A student from Tsinghua University shared his personal experience online. Instead of having fun with his classmates outside, he chose to get a part-time job and study hard. He knew there would be plenty of time for fun once he had overcome all of the difficulties. His story may have encouraged “turtles”. The race of life is long. Even if you get off to a slow start, you can easily catch up if you make up your mind to do so. 1．Why does the writer mention the race between the turtle and the rabbit in the beginning? A．To raise a discussion. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To tell a common story. D．To express the opinion. 2．What does the underlined sentence in Para. 2 probably mean according to the text? A．Not everyone’s starting point is the same. B．All the people have different dreams. C．People are treated differently in life. D．Everyone wants to win the race. 3．What is the meaning of the underlined word “march” in the passage? A．Look. B．Move. C．Develop. D．Change. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To advise us to try new things. B．To tell us how to succeed quickly. C．To show us the power of inner strength. D．To encourage us to take races in life bravely. 5．What’s the theme (主题) of the text? A．Society and technology. B．Man and nature. C．Education and learning. D．Culture and history. Passage 3 （25-26八年级上·湖南长沙） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 “Nobody” is a great Chinese 2D animated (动画) film. It is very popular this summer. Shanghai Animation Film Studio made it. It came out (上映) on August 2, 2025. By August 11, it made 574 million yuan. It broke the record (打破纪录) of Chinese 2D animated films. It got 8.6 points on Douban, winning the hearts of both young and old people. The film tells a fun and warm story. In the movie, there is a little pig monster in Langlang Mountain. He made the king angry by mistake. So he had to leave with his friend, a toad monster. They joined another two little monsters, a weasel and a gorilla. Then they started a journey to the west. On their long way, they had many problems. But they never gave up. They always helped each other to solve (解决) the problems. They did lots of good things, like helping villagers and fighting bad men. Why is the movie so popular? One of the main reasons is its beautiful ink-painting style. Each picture has many ink layers (墨层). The whole film looks like a moving Chinese ink-painting. It shows us a new way to see the classic story Journey to the West. “Nobody” is more than a movie. It brings happiness and teaches us that everyone can be a hero. It also shows us the power of courage (勇气) and dreams. If you like stories with fun and exciting trips, this is a movie you won’t want to miss. 1．When did the movie come out? 2．Did the movie get popular only among kids? 3．What did the pig monster and his friends do to solve problems on their way? 4．Why is the movie so popular? 5．What can you learn from the story? Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·吉林长春·期中） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One day a farmer’s donkey (驴) fell into a well (井). Since 1 well was deep, the donkey couldn’t get out and cried for hours. The farmer tried everything possible to get the donkey 2 but didn’t make it. 3 (final), the farmer had to give up any more tries and made a 4 (decide) to cover up the donkey with dirt. The farmer invited all his neighbors 5 (come) over and help him. All the people started to shovel (铲) dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized what was happening and he started 6 (cry) even 7 (loud). After some time, to everyone’s surprise, the donkey quieted down. The farmer looked down the well and was 8 (surprise) at what he saw. With every shovel of dirt that fell on his back, the donkey shook it off and took a step up. After a couple of minutes, the donkey was closer 9 getting out of the well and this story came to a happy ending—the donkey jumped out! So, friends. Whatever problems we may meet in life are like dirt to the donkey. 10 life throws “dirt” at you, never fail to shake it off and take a step up! 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $