专题01 语法填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语上学期

专题01 语法填空 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中分校联考·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When the Going Gets Rough Does change frighten you? There are many ways 1 (handle) the little surprises life throws at us. Stuff happens. There’s nothing we can do to change that. But the problem is that our bodies and brains are programmed to be suspicious of change — to be anxious about it. After all, change means uncertainty and in our evolutionary past, that 2 (mean) a greater risk of meeting up with a hungry lion or annoyed elephant. Therefore, when you are uncertain, the brain releases stress hormones, the fight-or-flight chemicals 3 , when we lived on the savannah, helped our ancestors avoid these hungry lions of face them down. The problem is that the uncertainties we 4 (face) with today aren’t generally as life-or-death, and don’t usually resolve to a quick getaway. So we have to deal with those excess stress hormones in a different way, which is where mindfulness can really help. Here are some top tips for dealing with change so the next time something new and challenging arises, you’ll know exactly what to do. Control What You Can Even in the most difficult of situations, there are some things that you can control. Make a list of these things, 5 small they seem, and then start doing them. You will find that ticking them off the list will make the less controllable problems appear far 6 (manageable).Opportunity, Not Disaster Suppose you don’t get the grades you need for university, or you don’t get your dream job. One natural response is to see it as a disaster and that your life is over. This will achieve nothing and make you miserable. 7 is to see it as an opportunity to do something else entirely: go travelling, apply for an apprenticeship, etc. Studies have shown that people who train themselves to think of change 8 an opportunity cope with it much better. Time it Uncertainty, 9 change itself, is the biggest cause of stress. One way of coping with it is to work out how long the uncertainty will last for. 10 (know) when things will change for the better gives your mind an end point that allows it to cope with the uncertain present. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海吴淞中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. One rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus 1 a young woman jumped on. She had a child with her who must have been about 3 or 4 years old. The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid began crying because he couldn’t sit next to his mother. There were a couple of open seats, 2 they weren’t together. She was upset and looked embarrassed. Then another woman, a little older, stood up and moved 3 the mother and child could sit together. The mom smiled as a thank-you. And then three words came out of the older woman’s mouth 4 elevated the entire energy of that bus ride: “I’ve been there”. Simple, undramatic and honest. At that moment, it seemed to unite people. Why? Maybe this was quite a difficult question. But I think it was   5 almost all experiences are shared human experiences. We forget that, as we, go through life, we may only focus on our own troubles and needs — which are actually 6 (unique) than we think. How can these three words create more connection in your life? Ask yourself: “Where am I holding back?” One thing I know for sure is this: Healing others helps heal yourself. I noticed this recently with my friend, Tracy, who took a new friend who had suffered from a serious disease. Tracy 7 had surgery for the same disease two years ago. Our intellect needs a doctor to explain the medical side of things, but our souls need human connection to help us along. 8 can do that better than someone who has been exactly where you are. Can the essence of these three words help you make 9 small difference right now? It can be as simple, in many cases, 10 volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone’s uncomfortable — because we’ re all in this together. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海卢湾高级中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. You might have heard about integrity all your life, but have you ever wondered what it truly means? From your employers to politicians and even newscasters, it is being used by everyone. Although the word is overused many times, what really matters is being integral in life and 1 (maximize) that trait because it affects everything in life. Once we master integrity, our lives actually start flourishing. We make many important decisions in life but sometimes, in fact, our lives 2 (impact) by the more minor decisions that almost seem insignificant. Trust me, these small actions and decisions can greatly impact our self-respect, integrity, and overall reputation! In a world dominated by people who make headlines for all the wrong reasons, 3 (find) people who actually do the right thing and contribute to society can be extremely rare. What is the meaning of integrity, now that you have heart it so many times? Integrity means living your life according to your own morals and ethics. To have integrity, you 4 have a clear sense of what is right and wrong. Besides, you must also know what the purpose of your life is, and 5 you intend to do with your life. You must stop 6 (panic) about what I just told you, and I’m not telling you to find the meaning of your life right away. Just develop it as an afterthought. In order to start having integrity, you must first define the morals that mean 7 (much) to you. Then you need to decide what you want to achieve in life, and why? When you start defining your morals and ethics, it won’t be long before you will start actually following them in life. 8 you start doing that, that is integrity! There are some important things that you should know about integrity. This isn’t something that you are born with. It is a personality trait that you develop with time. It is certain experiences in our life 9 shape our morals and ethics, and integrity is definitely like that. Integrity isn’t what you develop and keep forever. It is used in decision-making or when you plan to start 10 new in your life! 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Hell of the Sandwich Lunch The competition to be the worst two words in the English language is extremely hard-fought. Surprise party. Cruise holiday. Rice pudding. Keen golfer. The list goes on and on. But right up there is “sandwich lunch”. Separately, 1 of these words contains lots of beautiful promise. In combination, however, they spell horrible disaster. Most obviously, they signal that your lunch is ruined. You might have been planning to stroll through a park or eat with a friend. Now you will be spending your break working, 2 (trap) in a meeting room with several of your colleagues. Even more annoyingly, your manager has announced that sandwiches will be provided 3 you should be grateful for the kindness and consideration. The actual food choices are not yours. Instead, they appear 4 (make) by a six-year-old. The centre piece is a platter of sandwiches cut into triangles. There are paper plates. You can’t help 5 (look) around for party hats and balloons. Not that you actually eat much. The etiquette (礼仪) of the sandwich lunch requires everyone to take less than they want, in order to signal that they are team players 6 know how to share. People politely wait their turn and then restrict themselves 7 a few items. Your own paper plate is fairly typical: two triangles of bread, four salt-and-vinegar crisps (薯片), a limp salad leaf and one plum tomato. It’s about as appetizing as a cup of sand. You pick up the biggest of your four crisps and put it in your mouth just as the boss begins to lay out the agenda for the discussion. Crisps are never 8 (noisy) than when eaten at a sandwich lunch. Every bite thunders (响声穿透) through the room; eyes flick your way with each crunch and then back to the speaker. You wonder 9 it takes for a crisp to dissolve (溶解) through the action of saliva (唾液) alone, and conclude it is better to get the whole thing over with. Cue a desperate loud burst of chewing and all eyes are now on you. The boss has stopped speaking. One final bite, and a swallow. The crisp as well as your promotion prospects 10 (be) dead. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海青浦高级中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Even with trickling rain and security risks, Paris has successfully kicked off the 2024 Olympics in its uniquely romantic manner. Not the traditional way, not 1 (safe)way, but certainly the most Parisian way — the French capital impressed the world significantly on Friday by turning the central section of the River Seine 2 a giant open-air theater. Eighty-five boats carrying athletes from 205 delegations sailed into the Olympic spotlight, cheered on by over 320,000 spectators watching from both banks of the river, and from balconies and windows. It was the first time in the history of modern Olympics that the Games’ opening ceremony 3 (move)out of a stadium. The bold innovation successfully took shape on the world’s biggest stage, 4 world-famous singers such as Celine Dion performed, echoing Paris 2024’s official slogan’ Games Wide Open’. 5 made the opening ceremony unforgettable was that the parade of athletes started from the Austerlitz Bridge and sailed along the Seine on boats behind their flag bearers, 6 (pass)by numerous monuments on both banks. It was 7 the Olympians were taking a journey through the country’s rich history and cultural heritage. French President Emmanuel Macron then declared the opening of the Games, kicking off a spectacular light show 8 (feature)laser beams shot from the Eiffel Tower that illuminated the Parisian night. French Olympic champions Marie-Jose Perec and Teddy Riner 9 (light)the ring of flames suspended by a giant balloon. It rose into the air over the Tuileries Garden 10 an honor to the first human flight in a hot-air balloon that took place at the same location in December 1873. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ukraine crisis causes food price rises in Africa For Kenyans like Mbithe Kyule struggling to make ends meet due to the country's high inflation, 1 conflict on another continent is about to make daily life a lot more difficult. Kyule, who lives in the capital, Nairobi, usually gets by selling popsicles (棒冰) and living as frugally as she can. However, there 2 (be) a recent surge in the price of basic commodities such as sugar, cooking oil, rice and corn flour. 3 happens in many other parts of the world, the inflation rate in Kenya is high, with people also suffering from the impact of the COVID-19 and millions of job losses as well as the lingering effects of a drought.Supplies disrupted Food prices in Kenya and the whole of Africa 4 (expect) to continue rising over the next few months, due to international turmoil. Kenya's consumer price index stood at 5.08 percent in February, mainly 5 (drive) by increases in commodity prices, according to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. FAO’s food price index, 6 tracks the international prices of items, said global food prices rose to a record high in February, led by vegetable oils and dairy products. Gilbert F. Houngbo, a senior U.N. official, said regional turbulence will be disastrous for the world, particularly for people already 7 (struggle) to feed their families in African countries.'Coping with hunger' "Forty percent of wheat and corn exports from Ukraine go to the Middle East, Africa and 8 further food shortages or price increases could trigger social unrest," Houngbo said in a statement. United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called for immediate peace negotiations 9 (end) the conflict at a news conference. "Many African countries and poor countries are dependent on wheat production in Russia and Ukraine, but now they are 10 risk because of the war," Guterres said. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海中学·期中) Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. It was a cool October evening in the hill country of southwest Mississippi. Joey Deak and I were there to bow-hunt white-tailed deer, and had set up a rough base camp. After a dinner of sardines, crackers, cheese, onions and lemonade, we retired to our goose-down sleeping bags 1 (spread) beneath an oak tree. 2 the tune of an occasional plop-plop of falling acorns (橡实), Joey immediately fell asleep. However, I lay awake, trying to ignore my partner’s snoring and the screech of a nearby owl. Finally I drifted into a dream about white-tailed deer prancing down a trail. Suddenly, I was jolted awake. It was 3 I had felt a danger signal deep within me. I lay on my side, one arm folded beneath my head, realizing things were not as they 4 be. Then an icy chill skittered up my spine as something with a rough surface 5 (slide) slowly onto my ankles. My heart jumped and I froze. Rattlesnake! Flashed across my mind, searing my thoughts with the old timers’ tales about these deadly reptiles 6 inhabit the hills in Franklin Count — and their sometimes lethal bite. I lay still and tried to maintain my composure as the snake made its hair-raising way upward. I panted for breath and wondered if I was giving off an odor of fear that might provoke 7 into striking. I prayed sincerely to God for safety, and asked for forgiveness. Images of my family flashed before my eyes. The crawling, ticklish movement suddenly stopped. The rattler now lay partially lengthwise along my upper legs and buttocks. Not a muscle twitched as I searched my mind for a way out of the predicament. I had just about decided to catapult myself from the sleeping bag when the snake slowly crawled over my hip and began to coil (盘绕) its full length into the warm confines of my lower stomach, groin and thighs. No movement was made by cither the rattler or me for 1 seemed like an eternity. My mouth was like cotton, and I longed 2 (emit) a long, deep breath. Then waves of goose pimples rippled up my stomach as the snake began to make another move. Oh, God, deliver me, I prayed. I lay frozen, my heart 3 (pound) in my ears. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海育才中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. City streets are littered with all kinds of refuse. On just about every street and sidewalk, one can find old newspaper, crushed cans, food wrappers, and discarded cigarettes, not to mention blobs (斑点) of old chewing gum 1 (stick) on walls, street poles, and on the ground. Of all these, gum is one of the hardest things to clean up. In its attempt 2 (clean) discarded gum off the streets and sidewalks, the authorities in London have tried everything from tools that shoot high-pressure water and steam to various kinds of chemicals 3 dissolve the gum. But nothing seems to work. The streets 4 (dot) with unattractive blobs of the stuff. Or at least they were unattractive 5 Ben Wilson came along. Ben Wilson is an artist on a mission. He wants to make good use of 6 others have thrown away and no one else wants: old chewing gum. When Mr. Wilson finds gum on the ground, down he goes with his painting supplies and sets out to create a work of art. He uses the discarded blobs of old gum 7 canvases (画布) for his mini paintings. After finishing a work, Mr. Wilson takes a picture of 8 for his archive. 9 (paint) all the gum on the streets of London could be a never-ending task for Ben Wilson. On a single street like High Street Barnet, it took him more than one month to paint all of the gum that he found in just three blocks. And new canvases are being spit out every day on streets. But he does not seem worried. As he told a reporter in one interview, “I’m just going to keep painting and see 10 the enthusiasm takes me.” 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海浦东新区·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During my first decade in prison, I busied myself with exercising and hanging out in the big yard. I hardly grew as 1 person. It wasn’t until I began college in prison in my 30s that I started to realize my full potential. Through my journey in college, I became a keen reader and writer, striving to escape prison life by expanding my mind beyond the unhealthy environments I 2 (trap) in. I come from an abusive home and a neighborhood full of drug abuse and gun violence. I want to understand better 3 I used violence to solve my problems. I have found, however, that strangers stand between me and many of the books I want to read. Books, like everything an imprisoned person receives — personal mail, emails, photos, news and education materials-are checked by prison officials 4 (claim) that some books may contain racial hatred or description of violence. They banned us from reading President Barack Obama’s autobiography 5 (avoid) “potentially harmful to national security,” although the decision was reversed later. Practically every author I have encountered while in prison, from Don Miguel Ruiz to Angela Y. Davis, 6 (play) a role in my efforts to grow and become a better person — someone 7 can live in society by adding to it, as opposed to taking from it. Without college and without access 8 books and materials that expanded my mind beyond the razor wire (铁丝网) and towering concrete walls, I 9 still be wasting my time on the yard. My worldview would still be shaped by the violence and harm that surround it. That’s not who I want to be 10 I leave this prison. It’s not who I want to see sent back into society. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海上海中学分校·期中) Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. Throughout the pandemic, we 1 (bury) in bad news, just dragging ourselves through the days. If we took a risk, it was often so ordinary: going to the grocery store, socializing with another human being in person. We spent so much cognitive energy trying to stay safe and keep up with events 2 we had little left to pursue the types of big, frightening-yet-exciting adventures that expand our lives. Now, it’s about time that we pushed ourselves outside of our comfort zone. Adventures expand our world by allowing us to engage with our self and others in a new way. Research shows that novelty activates our dopamine (多巴胺) system, which enhances our mood and positive outlook. New situations, especially ones that seem dangerous, also force us to confront our fear. This can boost our mood by making us feel 3 (stressed). You don’t have to free solo Yosemite’s El Capitan to reap benefits. Any adventure 4 you stretch yourself and learn something new counts. For some, it may be jumping out of a plane or scuba diving in Iceland. For others, trying a different workout or going out to dinner at a new place might do the trick. Ready for your adventure? Here’s some advice. Start small. The risks you’re up for now 5 look different from the ones you took before the pandemic. That’s OK. 6 manageable activity you choose to do this weekend will break your laziness, build your confidence, and help you pursue bigger adventures. Shift 7 you view anxiety. Research from Harvard University shows that people who interpreted their nervousness about activities such as karaoke singing and public speaking 8 excitement enjoyed the experiences more and performed better than 9 who tried to suppress their anxiety. This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset. Tap into regret. It can be very motivating. Think about whether you’ll feel disappointed if you miss out on this interesting, expansive experience or glad you stayed home. “We tend 10 (regret) actions we don’t take rather than ones we do,” says Boardman, a psychologist. “So the fear of missing out can help you.” Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海大同中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It was a lovely day. When I sat down to dinner with my close friend of 21 years at our favorite restaurant, I was anticipating our usual cheerful get-together. Despite the fact that she was two years younger than me, Louise was like the elder sister I never had. Wise, clever and funny, she had always been a provider of great advice. We 1 (share) the best of times: holidays exploring the beaches of Hawaii and the mountains of the Arizona desert, as well 2 throwing some wild birthday parties and whiling away rainy Sunday afternoons at the cinema.   Within 15 minutes of 3 (seat), however, Louise was explaining the many reasons why she felt our friendship was in danger. I slipped into slow tears as she shared a list of my failures: bad-tempered; straightforward; ungrateful for her offering me a place to stay when I was in London. “You never used to be like this, and I don’t like it,” she continued. I listened, and eventually, I said I had to go and headed swiftly for the street. I was too shocked by what had happened 4 (process) it.   I needed time to reflect. But 5 the months went by, I came to see that Louise had been right in some of her complaints. And I admitted to myself that I had taken her for granted. The more I reflected 6 our friendship, the more I realized that it had been declining for a while. I realized she had been brave to confront me, and 7 it was, indeed, time to let our friendship die.   When Louise emailed me some months later to ask if we 8 try to fix things, I politely declined. Heartbreaking though it was at the time, it proved a significant turning point in the way I view friendships.   Louise did me a favor in showing me that some friendships simply run their course. 9 (found) at a certain stage in life — school, university, a job — some friendships can stop being relevant to our lives after those stages have come to a close. Nobody likes goodbyes, but just like clearing out old clothes from a wardrobe, 10 leaves space for exciting new items, letting go of friends who no longer fit in our current lives will leave space for fresh relationships that bring something richer to our lives. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海第三女子中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Notre Dame Cathedral in the heart of Paris was within “15 to 30 minutes” of complete destruction as firefighters battled to stop flames 1 (reach) its bell towers on Monday evening, French authorities revealed. The revelation of 2 close France came to losing its most famous cathedral emerged as police investigators questioned workers involved in the restoration of the monument to try to establish the cause of the fire. Remy Heitz, Paris prosecutor (检察官) said that an initial fire alert 3 (hear) at 6:20p. m. on Monday evening but no fire was founded. The blaze was discovered on the roof when the second alert rang out. The cathedral has been at the centre of a years-long dispute over who should finance restoration work of the 4 (collapse) staircases and cracked walls. However, President Macron said he wanted to see the catnedral rebuilt within five years. “The fire at Notre Dame reminds us that we will always have challenges 5 (overcome),” he said, “Notre Dame is our history, our literature and the centre of our life. It is the standard by 6 we French measure our distances. It is the cathedral of every French person, even 7 who have never visited it. The history is ours and we will definitely rebuild Notre Dame.” Afterwards, a collection of dramatic videos and photos quickly spread across social media, showing great effects of the horrifying destruction 8 people all over the world. Besides, French politicians noted that the devastating fire would successfully help unite the French nation in the future. “This is not about looking for people to blame. We believe that the cause of the blaze was accidental 9 criminal. In fact, the responsibility is collective (共同的) because the cathedral is 10 (time-honoured) monument in the country.” Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海位育中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Mutton is Not Just a Winter Delicacy Anymore Winter is often seen as the best season to eat mutton, but that is not the case in Shanghai. The annual mutton festival began today in Zhuanghang Town, Fengxian District, 1 highlight of the city’s summer rural tourism market. Running until August 22, the festival features tasting and cooking events 2 agriculture-related activities. The history of eating mutton in sanfu, 3 (hot) period of summer, in Zhuanghang dates back to the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368). Mutton braised in soy sauce and plain boiled mutton are popular in Zhuanghang during the festival, the tradition of tasting mutton with shaojiu is listed as an intangible cultural heritage of Shanghai. Mutton has a reputation for its tender taste, marbled texture, rich flavors and thick soup. According to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, goat meat, like beef and lamb, 4 (consider) a “hot” food and thus should be avoided or taken in smaller quantities on hot sweltering days of summer. But for hundreds of years, the people of Zhuanghang town in Fengxian district 5 (eat) goat meat during the summer. This hearty mix of alcohol and goat meat promotes sweating, 6 some traditional medicine practitioners believe helps the body get rid of toxins and prevent illnesses in the forthcoming winter. Goat meat also is believed to be an excellent way of building up “energy” in the body that will last through the winter season. That’s 7 eateries in Zhuanghang are usually packed with diners during summer. Li Yingchun, boss of a local goat meat restaurant in Zhuanghang, claims that his restaurant receIves 8,000 to 10,000 customers on average every weekday. The number 8 reach as high as 12,000 on weekends, according to a daily report. The Fengxian District Culture and Tourism Bureau said it is with the help of the traditional festival which caters to the travel, dining, entertaining and leisure dernand of tourists 9 rural revitalization will be achieved. 10 Zhuanghang, Zhangze Town in Songjiang District also has the tradition of eating mutton in sanfu. Its own mutton festival kicks off on Saturday and runs until October. Passage 3 (23-24高二上·上海奉贤区四校联考·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Young people around the world have volunteered 1 (help) others in need using their time, energy, knowledge, and skills. For example, Joris, a 10-year-old boy in Seattle, has helped to protect cheetahs 2 the threat of extinction by raising more than $14,000. 3 (donate) all the money he has raised, he makes his own contributions to wildlife conservation. In the last two years, Jack, together with his 14-year-old twin brother, 4 (launch) a database to connect children with volunteer opportunities such as working for animal shelters and urban farming groups. 5 boy, Jackson, is determined to fight against plastic pollution. A campaign 6 (lead) by him to promote the use of recyclable water bottles plays a part in local environmental protection. He also urges the local restaurant to sell more paper water bottles. Xiao Meng, a 20-year-old volunteer tour guide in the Palace Museum, spent three months hanging around the Forbidden City 7 she could remember every detail of the Palace Museum, 8 sounds absolutely incredible. There is no denying that we should show respect for 9 these young volunteers have done for our world. By doing these meaningful volunteering, young people 10 successfully avoid getting annoyed at small things in life and focus on what is truly important. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海七宝中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. Messaging the stars If there are intelligent aliens out there, should we try to communicate with them? And who should speak for Earth? For 75 years, astronomers have been searching for extraterrestrial intelligence, often shortened to SETI. SETI involves listening for radio or optical signals sent by intelligent civilizations. But, so far, no artificial signals have been detected. The failure of SETI is called “The Great Silence”, but 1 this, many scientists are confident that intelligent aliens do exist. There are thought to be at least 10 billion habitable worlds in our galaxy, and billions of years have passed during which any life on them 2 have developed intelligence and technology. METI, or messaging extraterrestrial intelligence, has been 3 (common). It involves talking rather than listening. To some, it is a controversial activity. The first attempts at communication were imaginative “messages in a bottle”. In 1972, NASA launched the Pioneer 10 spacecraft towards Jupiter, which carried a plaque (牌匾) with a line drawing of a man and a woman as well as symbols to show 4 the craft originated. In1977, NASA followed this up with a golden record 5 (attach) to the Voyager 1 craft. The 12-inch record held sounds and images chosen to convey the diversity of life on Earth. Both spacecraft have since left the solar system. At their current speeds, it will be tens of thousands of years 6 they reach another star system. In the immensity of space, the odds 7 they will be found are extremely tiny. In 1974, a radio message was beamed from the Arecibo Observatory. A series of on-off radio pulses, designed to convey simple information about humanity, 8 (send) towards the globular cluster (球状星团) M13. Since M13 is 25,000 light years away, we shouldn’t hold our breath for a reply. Now, an international team of astronomers plans to use the world’s largest radio telescope, FAST, located in China, to beam a message towards millions of stars that are 10,000 to 20,000 light years away. The new message is 9 amalgam (组合) of previous ones. It contains 25,000 bytes of information, 100 times more than the Arecibo message, but 100 times less than a photo from a smartphone. NASA signals to its remote spacecraft, meanwhile, 10 (reach) four nearby stars so far. A reply from aliens living in the nearby place could reach us by 2029. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海七宝中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Better out than in? As I weave through the traffic on my bike, I always worry about the dirty air I am breathing. It is a relief to get back to the inside, 1 the air is sweeter and, you might think, better for me. But that turns out to be a false sense of security. “People don’t imagine that there is pollution indoors; it is perceived as a protective place,” says Corinne Mandin at France’s Scientific and Technical Building Centre, “But there are more pollutants in buildings 2 in outdoor air.” Thanks in no small part to Covid-19, which focused minds on air quality and ventilation (通风) of enclosed spaces, the long-neglected issue of indoor pollution 3 (finally take) seriously. Deadly seriously, in fact, as it dawns on scientists that the pollutants we encounter in our homes, workplaces and schools are probably a major cause of illness and death. It is tempting to conclude that there is nowhere safe 4 (leave) to breathe. But the good news is that we can all cut exposure to indoor pollution by making a few simple changes. First up is cooking, which is called “one of the most notable sources of indoor chemicals”. The exact composition of the fumes depends on what you cook and 5 you cook it. Gas burners are the most polluting heat source, 6 (release) carbon monoxide and dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which can accumulate 7 adequate ventilation. As a rule, frying is more polluting than boiling or steaming, which produce mostly water vapour. Frying releases toxic chemicals from the cooking oil and particulates from whatever you are frying. Meat can be an especially rich source of particulates. There are some signs 8 fumes from cooking meat could do more than just make us wheeze. Researchers at Nazarbayav University in Kazakhstan exposed volunteers to fumes from a chicken leg fried on a gas stove. At peak exposure, measurement of their brain activity resembled what was seen in people with 9 neuro-condition. Activity did return to normal after 30 minutes, but the researchers warned that chronic exposure 10 cause long-term damage. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法填空 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中分校联考·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When the Going Gets Rough Does change frighten you? There are many ways 1 (handle) the little surprises life throws at us. Stuff happens. There’s nothing we can do to change that. But the problem is that our bodies and brains are programmed to be suspicious of change — to be anxious about it. After all, change means uncertainty and in our evolutionary past, that 2 (mean) a greater risk of meeting up with a hungry lion or annoyed elephant. Therefore, when you are uncertain, the brain releases stress hormones, the fight-or-flight chemicals 3 , when we lived on the savannah, helped our ancestors avoid these hungry lions of face them down. The problem is that the uncertainties we 4 (face) with today aren’t generally as life-or-death, and don’t usually resolve to a quick getaway. So we have to deal with those excess stress hormones in a different way, which is where mindfulness can really help. Here are some top tips for dealing with change so the next time something new and challenging arises, you’ll know exactly what to do. Control What You Can Even in the most difficult of situations, there are some things that you can control. Make a list of these things, 5 small they seem, and then start doing them. You will find that ticking them off the list will make the less controllable problems appear far 6 (manageable).Opportunity, Not Disaster Suppose you don’t get the grades you need for university, or you don’t get your dream job. One natural response is to see it as a disaster and that your life is over. This will achieve nothing and make you miserable. 7 is to see it as an opportunity to do something else entirely: go travelling, apply for an apprenticeship, etc. Studies have shown that people who train themselves to think of change 8 an opportunity cope with it much better. Time it Uncertainty, 9 change itself, is the biggest cause of stress. One way of coping with it is to work out how long the uncertainty will last for. 10 (know) when things will change for the better gives your mind an end point that allows it to cope with the uncertain present. 【答案】 1．to handle 2．meant 3．that/which 4．are faced 5．however 6．more manageable 7．Another 8．as 9．rather than/instead of 10．Knowing/To know 【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过阐述人们面对变化时的心理反应和应对策略，给出了如何更好地应对生活变化的方法和建议。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：有很多方法来处理生活给我们的小惊喜。此处是固定搭配：way to do sth.意为“作某事的方法”，用不定式作后置定语。故填to handle。 2．考查动词时态。句意：毕竟，变化意味着不确定性，在我们的进化历史中，这意味着遇到饥饿的狮子或恼怒的大象的风险更大。本句是and连接的并列句，后句缺少谓语，mean作谓语，根据时间状语in our evolutionary past，用一般过去时。故填meant。 3．考查定语从句。句意：因此，当你感到不确定时，大脑就会释放压力荷尔蒙，一种“战或逃”的化学物质，当我们生活在大草原上时，这种化学物质帮助我们的祖先避开饥饿的狮子或将它们打倒。空处引导定语从句，先行词是chemicals，在从句中作主语，用which或者that引导。故填which/that。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：问题是，我们今天面临的不确定性通常不是生死攸关的，也通常不会让我们迅速逃离。本句省略that的定语从句，从句缺少谓语，此处是固定搭配：be faced with意为“面临”，根据时间状语today可知，用一般现在时。故填are faced。 5．考查状语从句。句意：把这些事情列一个清单，不管它们看起来多么小，然后开始做。空处引导状语从句，根据句意，表达“不管怎样”之意，用however引导让步张玉春。故填however。 6．考查形容词。句意：你会发现，把它们从清单上划掉会让那些不太可控的问题显得容易得多。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意以及空前的far可知，此处表达“容易得多”之意，用比较级。故填more manageable。 7．考查代词。句意：另一种是把它看作一个机会，去做一些完全不同的事情：去旅行，申请学徒，等等。本句缺少主语，所以空处应填代词或者名词，根据前文“One natural response is to see it as a disaster and that your life is over. This will achieve nothing and make you miserable.”可知，此处在描述遇到不顺后的可能的反应，应该有三种或以上的可能，用another作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Another。 8．考查介词。句意：研究表明，那些训练自己将变化视为机遇的人能更好地应对变化。此处为固定搭配：think of sth.as sth.意为“把某物想成某物”。故填as。 9．考查固定短语。句意：不确定性，而不是变化本身，是压力的最大原因。根据句意，空处表达“而不是”之意，可用固定搭配：rather than或者instead of。故填rather than/instead of。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：知道什么时候事情会变得更好，会给你的大脑一个终点，让它能够应对不确定的现在。本句缺少主语，所以空处可用动名词作主语，此处也可表达“去知道”之意，也可用不定式作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Knowing/To know。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海吴淞中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. One rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus 1 a young woman jumped on. She had a child with her who must have been about 3 or 4 years old. The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid began crying because he couldn’t sit next to his mother. There were a couple of open seats, 2 they weren’t together. She was upset and looked embarrassed. Then another woman, a little older, stood up and moved 3 the mother and child could sit together. The mom smiled as a thank-you. And then three words came out of the older woman’s mouth 4 elevated the entire energy of that bus ride: “I’ve been there”. Simple, undramatic and honest. At that moment, it seemed to unite people. Why? Maybe this was quite a difficult question. But I think it was   5 almost all experiences are shared human experiences. We forget that, as we, go through life, we may only focus on our own troubles and needs — which are actually 6 (unique) than we think. How can these three words create more connection in your life? Ask yourself: “Where am I holding back?” One thing I know for sure is this: Healing others helps heal yourself. I noticed this recently with my friend, Tracy, who took a new friend who had suffered from a serious disease. Tracy 7 had surgery for the same disease two years ago. Our intellect needs a doctor to explain the medical side of things, but our souls need human connection to help us along. 8 can do that better than someone who has been exactly where you are. Can the essence of these three words help you make 9 small difference right now? It can be as simple, in many cases, 10 volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone’s uncomfortable — because we’ re all in this together. 【答案】 1．when 2．but 3．so 4．that/which 5．because 6．less unique 7．ever 8．Nobody 9．a 10．as 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在公交车上看到一位年龄稍大的妇女给一对母子让座，那位妇女对那位母亲说“I've been there.(我也经历过)”而引发了对这三个词的思考。作者认为个人的烦恼和需求大多是共同的经历，治愈他人有助于治愈自己。 1．考查连词。句意：一个下雨的下午，我在一辆穿越城市的公共汽车上，一位年轻女子跳了上去。结合上下文可知，该空处意为“在……的时候”，需要一个连词，连接上下句。故填when。 2．考查连词。句意：有几个空位，但它们不在一起。结合上下文可知，此处表转折，应用转折连词but。故填but。 3．考查连词。句意：然后，另一个稍大一点的女人站了起来，动了动，这样妈妈和孩子就可以坐在一起了。结合上下文可知，空处后面表示结果，应用so“因此”连接。故填so。 4．考查定语从句。句意：然后，这位老妇人嘴里说出了三个字，这让她整个巴士之旅都充满了活力：“我去经历过”。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为three words，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 5．考查表语从句。句意：但我认为这是因为几乎所有的经历都是人类共同的经历。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用because“因为”引导。故填because。 6．考查形容词的比较级。句意：我们忘记了，当我们度过一生时，我们可能只关注自己的麻烦和需求——这些实际上并不像我们想象的那么独特。根据后文的“than”可知，需用unique的比较级形式，结合句意，此处表示“不那么独特的”，应用程度副词“less”修饰比较级。故填less unique。 7．考查副词。句意：两年前，Tracy曾因同样的疾病接受过手术。句子句意和成分完整，结合“two years ago”可知，可用副词“ever”修饰谓语动词，起强调作用，意为：曾经。故填ever。 8．考查代词。句意：没有人能比一个一直在你身边的人做得更好。空处在句中充当主语，结合句意可知，此处应用nobody表示“没有人”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Nobody。 9．考查冠词。句意：这三个词的精髓能帮助你现在做出一点改变吗？difference为可数名词，此处表示泛指，small发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．考查连词。句意：在许多情况下，这可以像主动请坐，分享一些有用的建议，甚至在你注意到有人不舒服时用笑话来缓解情绪这些做法一样简单——因为我们都在一起。as...as意为：像……一样，是固定搭配。故填as。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海卢湾高级中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. You might have heard about integrity all your life, but have you ever wondered what it truly means? From your employers to politicians and even newscasters, it is being used by everyone. Although the word is overused many times, what really matters is being integral in life and 1 (maximize) that trait because it affects everything in life. Once we master integrity, our lives actually start flourishing. We make many important decisions in life but sometimes, in fact, our lives 2 (impact) by the more minor decisions that almost seem insignificant. Trust me, these small actions and decisions can greatly impact our self-respect, integrity, and overall reputation! In a world dominated by people who make headlines for all the wrong reasons, 3 (find) people who actually do the right thing and contribute to society can be extremely rare. What is the meaning of integrity, now that you have heart it so many times? Integrity means living your life according to your own morals and ethics. To have integrity, you 4 have a clear sense of what is right and wrong. Besides, you must also know what the purpose of your life is, and 5 you intend to do with your life. You must stop 6 (panic) about what I just told you, and I’m not telling you to find the meaning of your life right away. Just develop it as an afterthought. In order to start having integrity, you must first define the morals that mean 7 (much) to you. Then you need to decide what you want to achieve in life, and why? When you start defining your morals and ethics, it won’t be long before you will start actually following them in life. 8 you start doing that, that is integrity! There are some important things that you should know about integrity. This isn’t something that you are born with. It is a personality trait that you develop with time. It is certain experiences in our life 9 shape our morals and ethics, and integrity is definitely like that. Integrity isn’t what you develop and keep forever. It is used in decision-making or when you plan to start 10 new in your life! 【答案】 1．maximizing 2．are impacted 3．finding 4．must 5．what 6．panicking 7．most 8．Once 9．that 10．something 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章详细论述了诚信的定义、如何培养诚信以及它在生活中的实际应用，旨在帮助读者理解诚信对个人生活和社会的影响。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管这个词被滥用了很多次，但真正重要的是在生活中保持正直并最大化这一特质，因为它影响生活中的一切。此处与前文中的being是并列关系，动词maximize应使用现在分词形式，作is的表语。故填maximizing。 2．考查动词语态。句意：我们在生活中做了许多重要的决定，但事实上，有时我们的生活受到一些看起来微不足道的小决定的影响。主语our lives与动词impact之间是被动关系，且描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are impacted。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个充斥着因错误原因而上头条的人们的世界中，找到真正做正确事情并为社会做出贡献的人是极其罕见的。此处作主语，应用动名词短语finding people，谓语动词是can be。故填finding。 4．考查情态动词。句意：要有正直感，你必须清楚地知道什么是对的，什么是错的。根据下文“Besides, you must also know what the purpose of your life is, and 5 you intend to do with your life.(你还必须知道你生活的目的是什么，你打算用你的生活做什么)”，besides并列两个句子，可知空处表示“必须”用情态动词must。故填must。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：此外，你还必须知道你生活的目的是什么，以及你打算用你的生活做什么。and连接两个并列句，作know的宾语，空处从句中缺do的宾语，表示“什么”，应用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：你必须停止对我刚才告诉你的事情感到恐慌，我并不是要你马上找到你生命的意义。根据句意可知，此处使用固定搭配stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填panicking。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：为了开始拥有正直感，你必须首先定义对你最重要的道德标准。根据句意可知，此处表示“最重要的”，应用形容词最高级most。故填most。 8．考查时间状语从句。句意：一旦你开始这样做，那就是正直！根据句意可知，此处表示“一旦”，应用once引导时间状语从句。故填Once。 9．考查强调句型。句意：是我们生活中的某些经历塑造了我们的道德和伦理，正直感就是这样。分析句子结构可知，此处是强调句型It is…that/who…，强调的是主语experiences in our life，指物，应用that。故填that。 10．考查不定代词。句意：它用于决策或计划在生活中开始一些新的事情时！根据句意可知，此处表示“某事”，应用不定代词something。故填something。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Hell of the Sandwich Lunch The competition to be the worst two words in the English language is extremely hard-fought. Surprise party. Cruise holiday. Rice pudding. Keen golfer. The list goes on and on. But right up there is “sandwich lunch”. Separately, 1 of these words contains lots of beautiful promise. In combination, however, they spell horrible disaster. Most obviously, they signal that your lunch is ruined. You might have been planning to stroll through a park or eat with a friend. Now you will be spending your break working, 2 (trap) in a meeting room with several of your colleagues. Even more annoyingly, your manager has announced that sandwiches will be provided 3 you should be grateful for the kindness and consideration. The actual food choices are not yours. Instead, they appear 4 (make) by a six-year-old. The centre piece is a platter of sandwiches cut into triangles. There are paper plates. You can’t help 5 (look) around for party hats and balloons. Not that you actually eat much. The etiquette (礼仪) of the sandwich lunch requires everyone to take less than they want, in order to signal that they are team players 6 know how to share. People politely wait their turn and then restrict themselves 7 a few items. Your own paper plate is fairly typical: two triangles of bread, four salt-and-vinegar crisps (薯片), a limp salad leaf and one plum tomato. It’s about as appetizing as a cup of sand. You pick up the biggest of your four crisps and put it in your mouth just as the boss begins to lay out the agenda for the discussion. Crisps are never 8 (noisy) than when eaten at a sandwich lunch. Every bite thunders (响声穿透) through the room; eyes flick your way with each crunch and then back to the speaker. You wonder 9 it takes for a crisp to dissolve (溶解) through the action of saliva (唾液) alone, and conclude it is better to get the whole thing over with. Cue a desperate loud burst of chewing and all eyes are now on you. The boss has stopped speaking. One final bite, and a swallow. The crisp as well as your promotion prospects 10 (be) dead. 【答案】 1．each/either 2．trapped 3．as if/as though 4．to be made/to have been made 5．looking 6．who/that 7．to 8．noisier 9．how long 10．is 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕“三明治午餐”展开，描述了其种种糟糕之处以及在这种午餐场合下发生的尴尬情况等。 1．考查代词。句意：单独来看，这些词中的每一个（或者任意一个）都蕴含着很多美好的期许。根据下文“contains lots of beautiful promise(蕴含着很多美好的期许)”可知此处表示每一个（或者任意一个）都蕴含着很多美好的期许，此处表示“每一个”用each，也可以表示“两者中的任意一个”用either，故填each/either。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在你将会在午休时间工作，和几位同事被困在会议室里。空白处在句子中做状语，使用非谓语动词，trap与主语you之间是被动关系，用过去分词作伴随状语，故填trapped。 3．考查连词。句意：更恼人的是，你的经理宣布会提供三明治，好像你应该对这份善意和体贴心怀感激似的。根据下文“you should be grateful for the kindness and consideration(你应该对这份善意和体贴心怀感激似的)”可知此处表示“好像，似乎”，引导方式状语从句，故填as if/as though。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，它们似乎是由一个六岁小孩做出来的。此处appear后接动词不定式，又因为make与主语they之间是被动关系，且可以表示动词不定式表达的动作在主句谓语动词之前发生，所以可以用不定式的被动式to be made，也可以用不定式的完成被动式to have been made，故填to be made/to have been made。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：你忍不住环顾四周找派对帽和气球。can’t help doing sth是固定用法，意为 “忍不住做某事”，故填looking。 6．考查定语从句。句意：三明治午餐的礼仪要求每个人拿的比自己想要的少，以表明他们是懂得分享的团队成员。此处引导定语从句，先行词是team players，指人，在从句中作主语，故填who/that。 7．考查介词。句意：人们礼貌地排队等候，然后只拿几样东西。restrict...to... 是固定短语，意为 “把…… 限制在……”，故填to。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：在三明治午餐时吃薯片，声音从来没有比这时更吵的了。根据后面的than 可知要用形容词比较级，noisy的比较级是noisier，故填noisier。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：你想知道仅靠唾液的作用一片薯片需要多长时间才能溶解，然后得出结论最好快点把它吃完。此处是包含宾语从句的复合句，根据下文“it takes(花费……)”可知此处问的是 “多长时间”，故填how long。 10．考查主谓一致、时态。句意：那片薯片以及你的晋升前景都完了。此处主语是“The crisp as well as your promotion prospects”，as well as连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致，The crisp是单数，且此处描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时，故填is。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海青浦高级中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Even with trickling rain and security risks, Paris has successfully kicked off the 2024 Olympics in its uniquely romantic manner. Not the traditional way, not 1 (safe)way, but certainly the most Parisian way — the French capital impressed the world significantly on Friday by turning the central section of the River Seine 2 a giant open-air theater. Eighty-five boats carrying athletes from 205 delegations sailed into the Olympic spotlight, cheered on by over 320,000 spectators watching from both banks of the river, and from balconies and windows. It was the first time in the history of modern Olympics that the Games’ opening ceremony 3 (move)out of a stadium. The bold innovation successfully took shape on the world’s biggest stage, 4 world-famous singers such as Celine Dion performed, echoing Paris 2024’s official slogan’ Games Wide Open’. 5 made the opening ceremony unforgettable was that the parade of athletes started from the Austerlitz Bridge and sailed along the Seine on boats behind their flag bearers, 6 (pass)by numerous monuments on both banks. It was 7 the Olympians were taking a journey through the country’s rich history and cultural heritage. French President Emmanuel Macron then declared the opening of the Games, kicking off a spectacular light show 8 (feature)laser beams shot from the Eiffel Tower that illuminated the Parisian night. French Olympic champions Marie-Jose Perec and Teddy Riner 9 (light)the ring of flames suspended by a giant balloon. It rose into the air over the Tuileries Garden 10 an honor to the first human flight in a hot-air balloon that took place at the same location in December 1873. 【答案】 1．the safest 2．into 3．had been moved 4．where 5．What 6．passing 7．as if/as though 8．featuring 9．lit 10．as 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章详细描述了2024巴黎奥运会开幕式的独特场景和精彩瞬间，包括开幕式地点的选择、运动员入场的特别方式、以及开幕式上的表演和点火仪式等。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：不是传统的方式，也不是最安全的方式，但绝对是最具巴黎特色的方式——这座法国首都于周五将塞纳河中央区域变成了一座巨型露天剧院，给全世界留下了深刻印象。根据下文“the most Parisian”和句意可知，空处为形容词最高级形式。故填the safest。 2．考查固定短语。句意：不是传统的方式，也不是最安全的方式，但绝对是最具巴黎特色的方式——这座法国首都于周五将塞纳河中央区域变成了一座巨型露天剧院，给全世界留下了深刻印象。分析句子成分可知，空处考查固定短语：turn…into…，意为“将……转变成……”，符合句意。故填into。 3．考查时态语态。句意：这是现代奥运会历史上首次将开幕式移出体育场。空处考查从句时态，根据主句时态可知从句时态为过去完成时，即it was the first time that(从句中用过去完成时)。从句主语为“the Games’ opening ceremony”，单数，和动词“move”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填had been moved。 4．考查定语从句。句意：这一大胆创新在世界最大的舞台上成功上演，世界著名歌手如席琳·迪翁等倾情献唱，与2024年巴黎奥运会的官方口号“奥运更开放”相呼应。空处考查定语从句的关系词；先行词为“the world’s biggest stage”，在非限制性定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．考查主语从句。句意：开幕式令人难忘之处在于，运动员方阵从奥斯特利茨桥出发，在他们的旗手引领下乘坐船只沿塞纳河航行，两岸的众多纪念碑在他们眼前掠过。空处考查主语从句的引导词，主语从句中缺少主语，指物，用what引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填What。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：开幕式令人难忘之处在于，运动员方阵从奥斯特利茨桥出发，在他们的旗手引领下乘坐船只沿塞纳河航行，两岸的众多纪念碑在他们眼前掠过。空处考查非谓语动词担当状语；主语为“the parade of athletes”，和动词短语“pass by”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填passing。 7．考查表语从句。句意：仿佛奥运选手们正在穿越法国丰富的历史和文化遗产之旅。空处考查表语从句的引导词，表示“仿佛”，用引导词“as if/though”，故填as if/though。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：随后，法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙宣布奥运会开幕，一场壮观的光影秀随之上演，埃菲尔铁塔发射出的激光束照亮了巴黎的夜晚。空处考查非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a light show”和动词“feature”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填featuring。 9．考查时态。句意：法国奥运冠军玛丽-若泽·佩雷克和泰迪·里纳点燃了一个由巨大气球悬挂的火环。空处考查本句谓语动词；根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填lit。 10．考查介词。句意：它升向空中，越过杜伊勒里花园，以纪念1873年12月在此地发生的第一次热气球载人飞行。空处考查介词形式，意为“作为”，用as。故填as。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ukraine crisis causes food price rises in Africa For Kenyans like Mbithe Kyule struggling to make ends meet due to the country's high inflation, 1 conflict on another continent is about to make daily life a lot more difficult. Kyule, who lives in the capital, Nairobi, usually gets by selling popsicles (棒冰) and living as frugally as she can. However, there 2 (be) a recent surge in the price of basic commodities such as sugar, cooking oil, rice and corn flour. 3 happens in many other parts of the world, the inflation rate in Kenya is high, with people also suffering from the impact of the COVID-19 and millions of job losses as well as the lingering effects of a drought.Supplies disrupted Food prices in Kenya and the whole of Africa 4 (expect) to continue rising over the next few months, due to international turmoil. Kenya's consumer price index stood at 5.08 percent in February, mainly 5 (drive) by increases in commodity prices, according to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. FAO’s food price index, 6 tracks the international prices of items, said global food prices rose to a record high in February, led by vegetable oils and dairy products. Gilbert F. Houngbo, a senior U.N. official, said regional turbulence will be disastrous for the world, particularly for people already 7 (struggle) to feed their families in African countries.'Coping with hunger' "Forty percent of wheat and corn exports from Ukraine go to the Middle East, Africa and 8 further food shortages or price increases could trigger social unrest," Houngbo said in a statement. United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called for immediate peace negotiations 9 (end) the conflict at a news conference. "Many African countries and poor countries are dependent on wheat production in Russia and Ukraine, but now they are 10 risk because of the war," Guterres said. 【答案】 1．a 2．has been 3．As 4．are expected 5．driven 6．which 7．struggling 8．where 9．to end 10．at 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍乌克兰危机导致非洲粮食价格上涨的情况及影响。 1．考查冠词。句意：对于像Mbithe Kyule这样的肯尼亚人来说，由于该国的高通货膨胀，他们正在努力维持生计，而另一个大陆的冲突将使日常生活变得更加困难。设空处修饰名词conflict表泛指，应用冠词，并且conflict发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，糖、食用油、大米和玉米粉等基本商品的价格最近出现了飙升。设空处为谓语，根据“a recent surge”可知表示已经完成的动作，对现在造成了影响，所以用现在完成时，主语是a recent surge，谓语第三人称单数，故填has been。 3．考查定语从句。句意：与世界许多其他地区一样，肯尼亚的通货膨胀率很高，人们也受到COVID-19的影响，数百万人失业，以及干旱的持续影响。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个句子，表示正如，应用as引导，句首单词首字母大写，故填As。 4．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：由于国际动乱，肯尼亚和整个非洲的食品价格预计将在未来几个月继续上涨。设空处为谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语Food prices，谓语用复数形式，故填are expected。 5．考查过去分词。句意：肯尼亚国家统计局的数据显示，肯尼亚2月份的消费者价格指数为5.08%，主要受大宗商品价格上涨的推动。设空处为非谓语动词，和逻辑主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填driven。 6．考查定语从句。句意：跟踪国际食品价格的粮农组织食品价格指数说，2月份全球食品价格升至创纪录高位，植物油和乳制品价格涨幅居前。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词FAO’s food price index，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，故填which。 7．考查现在分词。句意：联合国高级官员Gilbert F. Houngbo说，地区动荡对世界来说将是灾难性的，特别是对非洲国家已经在为养家糊口而苦苦挣扎的人们来说。设空处修饰名词people作定语，和名词之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填struggling。 8．考查地点状语从句。句意：Houngbo在一份声明中说：“从乌克兰出口的40%的小麦和玉米流向了中东，非洲，和进一步的食品短缺或价格上涨可能会引发社会动荡的地方。”设空处引导地点状语从句，应用where，故填where。 9．考查不定式。句意：联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯在新闻发布会上呼吁立即进行和平谈判以结束冲突。设空处作目的状语，应用不定式，故填to end。 10．考查固定短语。句意：古特雷斯说：“许多非洲国家和贫穷国家依赖俄罗斯和乌克兰的小麦生产，但现在由于战争，他们处于危险之中。”短语at risk，意为“处于危险中”，符合句意，故填at。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海中学·期中) Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. It was a cool October evening in the hill country of southwest Mississippi. Joey Deak and I were there to bow-hunt white-tailed deer, and had set up a rough base camp. After a dinner of sardines, crackers, cheese, onions and lemonade, we retired to our goose-down sleeping bags 1 (spread) beneath an oak tree. 2 the tune of an occasional plop-plop of falling acorns (橡实), Joey immediately fell asleep. However, I lay awake, trying to ignore my partner’s snoring and the screech of a nearby owl. Finally I drifted into a dream about white-tailed deer prancing down a trail. Suddenly, I was jolted awake. It was 3 I had felt a danger signal deep within me. I lay on my side, one arm folded beneath my head, realizing things were not as they 4 be. Then an icy chill skittered up my spine as something with a rough surface 5 (slide) slowly onto my ankles. My heart jumped and I froze. Rattlesnake! Flashed across my mind, searing my thoughts with the old timers’ tales about these deadly reptiles 6 inhabit the hills in Franklin Count — and their sometimes lethal bite. I lay still and tried to maintain my composure as the snake made its hair-raising way upward. I panted for breath and wondered if I was giving off an odor of fear that might provoke 7 into striking. I prayed sincerely to God for safety, and asked for forgiveness. Images of my family flashed before my eyes. The crawling, ticklish movement suddenly stopped. The rattler now lay partially lengthwise along my upper legs and buttocks. Not a muscle twitched as I searched my mind for a way out of the predicament. I had just about decided to catapult myself from the sleeping bag when the snake slowly crawled over my hip and began to coil (盘绕) its full length into the warm confines of my lower stomach, groin and thighs. No movement was made by cither the rattler or me for 1 seemed like an eternity. My mouth was like cotton, and I longed 2 (emit) a long, deep breath. Then waves of goose pimples rippled up my stomach as the snake began to make another move. Oh, God, deliver me, I prayed. I lay frozen, my heart 3 (pound) in my ears. 【答案】 1．spread 2．To 3．as if/as though 4．should 5．slid 6．that/which 7．it 8．what 9．to emit 10．pounding 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在密西西比州西南部山区狩猎白尾鹿时遭遇响尾蛇的惊险经历。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：晚餐吃完沙丁鱼、饼干、奶酪、洋葱和柠檬水后，我们回到橡树下铺着的鹅绒睡袋里。句中谓语是retired，空格处用非谓语动词，bags和spread之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，表被动，故填spread。 2．考查介词。句意：伴随着偶尔掉落的橡子扑通扑通的声音，Joey很快就睡着了。to the tune of意为“和着……的曲调”，因此空格处用介词to，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填To。 3．考查表语从句。句意：我仿佛感觉到了内心深处的危险信号。由“I had felt a danger signal deep within me”可知，句子表示“我仿佛感觉到了内心深处的危险信号”，空格处意为“仿佛”，用as if或as though引导表语从句，故填as if或as though。 4．考查情态动词。句意：我侧身躺下，一只胳膊交叉在头下，意识到事情并不像它们应该的那样。空后be是原形，空格处用情态动词，句子表示“意识到事情并不像它们应该的那样”，空格处意为“应该”，情态动词用should。故填should。 5．考查动词时态。句意：然后，一股冰冷的寒意掠过我的脊柱，一个表面粗糙的东西慢慢地滑到我的脚踝上。空格处是谓语，由skittered可知，时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式slid，故填slid。 6．考查定语从句。句意：响尾蛇！我的脑海中突然闪过关于富兰克林县山丘上这些致命爬行动物的古老传说，以及它们有时致命的咬伤，这些传说像烙印一样灼烧着我的思绪。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词reptiles是动物，因此空格处是that或which。故填that或which。 7．考查代词。句意：我喘着气，想知道我是否散发出一种恐惧的气味，可能会引起它的攻击。根据语境可知，空格处指代“响尾蛇”，用it，故填it。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：响尾蛇和我都一动不动，似乎过了很长一段时间。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“响尾蛇和我都一动不动，似乎过了很长一段时间”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句。故填what。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：我的嘴干燥无力，我渴望深深地吸一口气。long to do sth.是固定短语，意为“渴望做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to emit。故填to emit。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我一动不动地躺在那里，心砰砰直跳。句中谓语是lay，空格处用非谓语动词，heart和pound之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词，表主动，故填pounding。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海育才中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. City streets are littered with all kinds of refuse. On just about every street and sidewalk, one can find old newspaper, crushed cans, food wrappers, and discarded cigarettes, not to mention blobs (斑点) of old chewing gum 1 (stick) on walls, street poles, and on the ground. Of all these, gum is one of the hardest things to clean up. In its attempt 2 (clean) discarded gum off the streets and sidewalks, the authorities in London have tried everything from tools that shoot high-pressure water and steam to various kinds of chemicals 3 dissolve the gum. But nothing seems to work. The streets 4 (dot) with unattractive blobs of the stuff. Or at least they were unattractive 5 Ben Wilson came along. Ben Wilson is an artist on a mission. He wants to make good use of 6 others have thrown away and no one else wants: old chewing gum. When Mr. Wilson finds gum on the ground, down he goes with his painting supplies and sets out to create a work of art. He uses the discarded blobs of old gum 7 canvases (画布) for his mini paintings. After finishing a work, Mr. Wilson takes a picture of 8 for his archive. 9 (paint) all the gum on the streets of London could be a never-ending task for Ben Wilson. On a single street like High Street Barnet, it took him more than one month to paint all of the gum that he found in just three blocks. And new canvases are being spit out every day on streets. But he does not seem worried. As he told a reporter in one interview, “I’m just going to keep painting and see 10 the enthusiasm takes me.” 【答案】 1．stuck/sticking 2．to clean 3．which/that 4．are dotted/were dotted 5．before/until/when 6．what 7．as 8．it 9．Painting 10．where 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了本·威尔逊把街上的废弃口香糖变成艺术品的故事。 1．考查非谓语。句意：在几乎每条街道和人行道上，你都能找到旧报纸、压碎的罐头、食品包装纸和丢弃的香烟，更不用说粘在墙上、电线杆上和地上的旧口香糖了。空处为非谓语动词，old chewing gum与stick为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。也可表示被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填stuck/sticking。 2．考查动词不定式。句意：为了清理街道和人行道上的废弃口香糖，伦敦当局尝试了各种方法，从喷射高压水和蒸汽的工具到溶解口香糖的各种化学物质。in one’s attempt to do sth“某人试图做某事”，不定式作后置定语。故填to clean。 3．考查定语从句。句意：为了清理街道和人行道上的废弃口香糖，伦敦当局尝试了各种方法，从喷射高压水和蒸汽的工具到溶解口香糖的各种化学物质。先行词为chemicals，作定语从句的主语，关系代词为which或者that。故填which/that。 4．考查时态语态。句意：街上点缀着毫无吸引力的东西。be dotted with点缀着，为固定短语，可以表示现在的事实，也可以表示过去的事实，所以本句为一般现在时的被动语态或者一般过去时的被动语态。故填are/were dotted。 5．考查连词。句意：或者至少在本·威尔逊出现之前，他们是没有吸引力的/或者至少在本·威尔逊出现的时候，他们是没有吸引力的。根据句意可知，本句为before/until/when引导的时间状语从句。故填before/until/when。 6．考查连接词。句意：他想好好利用别人扔掉的、没人想要的东西:旧口香糖。of后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，从句用连接代词what引导。故填what。 7．考查介词。句意：他用丢弃的旧口香糖块作为他的迷你画的画布。表示“作为”用介词as。故填as。 8．考查代词。句意：完成一件作品后，威尔逊先生会给它拍张照片存档。指代前文的work，用it。故填it。 9．考查动名词。句意：对本·威尔逊来说，在伦敦街头涂上所有的口香糖可能是一项永无止境的任务。动名词作主语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Painting。 10．考查连接词。句意：我只是想继续画画，看看热情会把我带到哪里。see后接宾语从句，从句缺少表示地点的连接副词，故填where。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海浦东新区·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During my first decade in prison, I busied myself with exercising and hanging out in the big yard. I hardly grew as 1 person. It wasn’t until I began college in prison in my 30s that I started to realize my full potential. Through my journey in college, I became a keen reader and writer, striving to escape prison life by expanding my mind beyond the unhealthy environments I 2 (trap) in. I come from an abusive home and a neighborhood full of drug abuse and gun violence. I want to understand better 3 I used violence to solve my problems. I have found, however, that strangers stand between me and many of the books I want to read. Books, like everything an imprisoned person receives — personal mail, emails, photos, news and education materials-are checked by prison officials 4 (claim) that some books may contain racial hatred or description of violence. They banned us from reading President Barack Obama’s autobiography 5 (avoid) “potentially harmful to national security,” although the decision was reversed later. Practically every author I have encountered while in prison, from Don Miguel Ruiz to Angela Y. Davis, 6 (play) a role in my efforts to grow and become a better person — someone 7 can live in society by adding to it, as opposed to taking from it. Without college and without access 8 books and materials that expanded my mind beyond the razor wire (铁丝网) and towering concrete walls, I 9 still be wasting my time on the yard. My worldview would still be shaped by the violence and harm that surround it. That’s not who I want to be 10 I leave this prison. It’s not who I want to see sent back into society. 【答案】 1．a 2．had been trapped/was trapped 3．why 4．claiming 5．to avoid 6．has played 7．who 8．to 9．might 10．when 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述读书和写作对作者一生的影响。 1．考查冠词。句意：作为一个人，我几乎没有成长。person为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 2．考查谓语动词。句意：在我的大学旅程中，我开始从事阅读和写作，努力通过扩展我的思维，超越我被困的环境来逃离监狱生活。I ___2___ (trap) in是定语从句，先行词是environments，在从句中作介词in的宾语，连词that/which省略。这句话是描述过去是事情，主语I和动词trap是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动结构。也可以用过去完成时的被动结构，表示过去的过去发生的动作。故填had been trapped/was trapped。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：我想更好地理解为什么我用暴力来解决我的问题。引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故用why。故填why。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：书，就像囚犯收到的所有东西一样——私人信件、电子邮件、照片、新闻和教育材料——都被监狱官员检查，声称有些书可能包含种族仇恨或暴力描述。此处claim与officials构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式，故填claiming。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们禁止我们阅读巴拉克·奥巴马总统的自传，以避免“对国家安全造成潜在危害”，尽管这一决定后来被撤销。此处avoid在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填to avoid。 6．考查时态。句意：实际上，我在狱中遇到的每一位作家，从Don Miguel Ruiz到Angela Y. Davis，都在我成长的过程中发挥了作用，帮助我成为一个更好的人——一个能在社会中生存的人，而不是从社会中吸取东西。表示过去的动作对现在产生影响用现在完成时，主语为every author，助动词用has。故填has played。 7．考查定语从句。句意：实际上，我在狱中遇到的每一位作家，从Don Miguel Ruiz到Angela Y. Davis，都在我成长的过程中发挥了作用，帮助我成为一个更好的人——一个能在社会中生存的人，而不是从社会中吸取东西。定语从句修饰先行词someone，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 8．考查介词。句意：没有大学，没有书籍和材料，这些书籍和材料将我的思想扩展到了铁丝网和高耸的混凝土墙之外，我可能仍然在院子里浪费时间。短语access to表示“进入……的机会，接触……的机会”。故填to。 9．考查情态动词。句意：没有大学，没有书籍和材料，这些书籍和材料将我的思想扩展到了铁丝网和高耸的混凝土墙之外，我可能仍然在院子里浪费时间。表示对过去事情的推测且语气不是很肯定，所以要用情态动词might。故填might。 10．考查状语从句。句意：我离开监狱时可不想变成那样。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when。故填when。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海上海中学分校·期中) Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. Throughout the pandemic, we 1 (bury) in bad news, just dragging ourselves through the days. If we took a risk, it was often so ordinary: going to the grocery store, socializing with another human being in person. We spent so much cognitive energy trying to stay safe and keep up with events 2 we had little left to pursue the types of big, frightening-yet-exciting adventures that expand our lives. Now, it’s about time that we pushed ourselves outside of our comfort zone. Adventures expand our world by allowing us to engage with our self and others in a new way. Research shows that novelty activates our dopamine (多巴胺) system, which enhances our mood and positive outlook. New situations, especially ones that seem dangerous, also force us to confront our fear. This can boost our mood by making us feel 3 (stressed). You don’t have to free solo Yosemite’s El Capitan to reap benefits. Any adventure 4 you stretch yourself and learn something new counts. For some, it may be jumping out of a plane or scuba diving in Iceland. For others, trying a different workout or going out to dinner at a new place might do the trick. Ready for your adventure? Here’s some advice. Start small. The risks you’re up for now 5 look different from the ones you took before the pandemic. That’s OK. 6 manageable activity you choose to do this weekend will break your laziness, build your confidence, and help you pursue bigger adventures. Shift 7 you view anxiety. Research from Harvard University shows that people who interpreted their nervousness about activities such as karaoke singing and public speaking 8 excitement enjoyed the experiences more and performed better than 9 who tried to suppress their anxiety. This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset. Tap into regret. It can be very motivating. Think about whether you’ll feel disappointed if you miss out on this interesting, expansive experience or glad you stayed home. “We tend 10 (regret) actions we don’t take rather than ones we do,” says Boardman, a psychologist. “So the fear of missing out can help you.” 【答案】 1．have been buried 2．that 3．less stressed 4．where 5．might 6．A 7．how 8．as 9．those 10．to regret 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出疫情期间人们被坏消息和日常事务缠身，没精力追求冒险，现在应走出舒适区，通过冒险来扩展自己的世界，并提供了一些建议。 1．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在整个疫情期间，我们被坏消息淹没，只能拖着自己度过这些日子。空处作句子的谓语，结合“Throughout the pandemic”可知，时态宜用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，be buried in“被埋在……中”是固定用法，应用被动语态，且主语是we，助动词应用have。故填have been buried。 2．考查结果状语从句。句意：我们花费了如此多的认知能量，试图保持安全，跟上事件的发展，以至于我们几乎没有精力去追求那些扩大我们生活的、令人恐惧但又令人兴奋的大冒险。空后为完整的句子，根据“so much cognitive energy”可知，此处用so… that…表示“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：这可以通过减少压力来改善我们的情绪。根据“boost our mood”可知，此处指“感觉压力减轻”，应用比较级less stressed。故填less stressed。 4．考查定语从句。句意：任何能让你伸展自己、学到新东西的冒险都很重要。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词adventure，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 5．考查情态动词。句意：你现在面临的风险可能看起来与大流行之前不同。空后为动词原形，结合“look different from the ones you took before the pandemic”可知，此处表示一种可能性，指“可能看起来与大流行之前不同”，宜用情态动词might表达一种较为委婉和不确定的推测。故填might。 6．考查冠词。句意：这个周末你选择做一项可控的活动，这会打破你的懒惰，建立你的自信，并帮助你追求更大的冒险。空处表示泛指，意为“一项可控的活动”，应用不定冠词，且manageable的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填A。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：改变你对焦虑的看法。空处引导名词性从句作Shift的宾语，结合后文的“This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset.”可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 8．考查介词。句意：哈佛大学的研究表明，那些将自己对卡拉OK唱歌和公开演讲等活动的紧张情绪解释为兴奋的人，比那些试图抑制焦虑情绪的人更享受这些经历，表现也更好。动词短语interpret… as…意为“把……理解为……”。故填as。 9．考查代词。句意：哈佛大学的研究表明，那些将自己对卡拉OK唱歌和公开演讲等活动的紧张情绪解释为兴奋的人，比那些试图抑制焦虑情绪的人更享受这些经历，表现也更好。空处指代前面的people，为了避免重复，应用代词those。故填those。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学家Boardman说：“我们更倾向于后悔我们没有采取的行动，而不是我们采取的行动。”动词短语tend to do sth.意为“倾向于做某事”，空处应用regret“后悔”的不定式形式。故填to regret。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海大同中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It was a lovely day. When I sat down to dinner with my close friend of 21 years at our favorite restaurant, I was anticipating our usual cheerful get-together. Despite the fact that she was two years younger than me, Louise was like the elder sister I never had. Wise, clever and funny, she had always been a provider of great advice. We 1 (share) the best of times: holidays exploring the beaches of Hawaii and the mountains of the Arizona desert, as well 2 throwing some wild birthday parties and whiling away rainy Sunday afternoons at the cinema.   Within 15 minutes of 3 (seat), however, Louise was explaining the many reasons why she felt our friendship was in danger. I slipped into slow tears as she shared a list of my failures: bad-tempered; straightforward; ungrateful for her offering me a place to stay when I was in London. “You never used to be like this, and I don’t like it,” she continued. I listened, and eventually, I said I had to go and headed swiftly for the street. I was too shocked by what had happened 4 (process) it.   I needed time to reflect. But 5 the months went by, I came to see that Louise had been right in some of her complaints. And I admitted to myself that I had taken her for granted. The more I reflected 6 our friendship, the more I realized that it had been declining for a while. I realized she had been brave to confront me, and 7 it was, indeed, time to let our friendship die.   When Louise emailed me some months later to ask if we 8 try to fix things, I politely declined. Heartbreaking though it was at the time, it proved a significant turning point in the way I view friendships.   Louise did me a favor in showing me that some friendships simply run their course. 9 (found) at a certain stage in life — school, university, a job — some friendships can stop being relevant to our lives after those stages have come to a close. Nobody likes goodbyes, but just like clearing out old clothes from a wardrobe, 10 leaves space for exciting new items, letting go of friends who no longer fit in our current lives will leave space for fresh relationships that bring something richer to our lives. 【答案】 1．had shared 2．as 3．being seated 4．to process 5．as 6．on/upon 7．that 8．could/might 9．Founded 10．which 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者和多年的朋友见面后，意识到有时候需要放下一些友谊，为新的关系留下空间。 1．考查时态。句意：我们共同度过了最美好的时光：假期探索夏威夷的海滩和亚利桑那州沙漠的山脉，举办一些狂野的生日派对，在雨天的周日下午去电影院消磨时光。根据上文中的“It was a lovely day.”可知，这里share表示的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had shared。 2．考查连词。句意参考上题。根据空前的as well可知，这里为as well as固定搭配，意为“也，还”。故填as。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在就座后的15分钟内，Louise就在解释她觉得我们的友谊处于危险之中的许多原因。空处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。be seated意为“就座”，所以这里应用动名词的被动式。故填being seated。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我对发生的事情太震惊了，无法处理它。too...to do...意为“太……而无法做……”。故填to process。 5．考查状语从句。句意：但随着时间的推移，我发现Louise的一些抱怨是对的。根据空后的“the months went by”可知，这里表示随着时间的推移，应用as(随着)引导时间状语从句。故填as。 6．考查介词。句意：我越思考我们的友谊，就越意识到它已经衰落了一段时间。reflect on/upon意为“认真思考”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：我意识到她很勇敢地面对我，事实上，是时候让我们的友谊消亡了。and连接并列的宾语从句，空后的从句成分和意义完整，所以应用that引导。故填that。 8．考查情态动词。句意：几个月后，当Louise给我发电子邮件询问我们是否可以尝试解决问题时，我礼貌地拒绝了。根据空后的try可知，空处应用情态动词。if引导的是宾语从句，意为“是否”，这里表示委婉语气，询问是否可以/可能尝试解决问题，应用could(可以)或might(可能)。故填could/might。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：在人生的某个阶段建立——学校、大学、工作——一些友谊在这些阶段结束后可能会与我们的生活失去相关性。空处应用非谓语动词，found和逻辑主语some friendships之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语。故填Founded。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：没有人喜欢告别，但就像从衣柜里清理旧衣服，为令人兴奋的新物品留出空间一样，放下不再适合我们当前生活的朋友，将为新的关系留下空间，为我们的生活带来更丰富的东西。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的clearing out old clothes from a wardrobe，且在从句中作主语，所以应用which。故填which。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海第三女子中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Notre Dame Cathedral in the heart of Paris was within “15 to 30 minutes” of complete destruction as firefighters battled to stop flames 1 (reach) its bell towers on Monday evening, French authorities revealed. The revelation of 2 close France came to losing its most famous cathedral emerged as police investigators questioned workers involved in the restoration of the monument to try to establish the cause of the fire. Remy Heitz, Paris prosecutor (检察官) said that an initial fire alert 3 (hear) at 6:20p. m. on Monday evening but no fire was founded. The blaze was discovered on the roof when the second alert rang out. The cathedral has been at the centre of a years-long dispute over who should finance restoration work of the 4 (collapse) staircases and cracked walls. However, President Macron said he wanted to see the catnedral rebuilt within five years. “The fire at Notre Dame reminds us that we will always have challenges 5 (overcome),” he said, “Notre Dame is our history, our literature and the centre of our life. It is the standard by 6 we French measure our distances. It is the cathedral of every French person, even 7 who have never visited it. The history is ours and we will definitely rebuild Notre Dame.” Afterwards, a collection of dramatic videos and photos quickly spread across social media, showing great effects of the horrifying destruction 8 people all over the world. Besides, French politicians noted that the devastating fire would successfully help unite the French nation in the future. “This is not about looking for people to blame. We believe that the cause of the blaze was accidental 9 criminal. In fact, the responsibility is collective (共同的) because the cathedral is 10 (time-honoured) monument in the country.” 【答案】 1．reaching 2．how 3．was heard 4．collapsed 5．to overcome 6．which 7．those 8．on 9．instead of/rather than 10．the most time-honoured 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了巴黎圣母院在周一晚上发生的火灾，以及法国当局对火灾原因的调查和总统对重建圣母院的决心。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：法国当局透露，周一晚上，消防员奋力阻止火势蔓延至巴黎市中心的圣母院的钟楼，圣母院距离完全毁灭只有“15到30分钟”。stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth.意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”，是固定短语，空处需用动名词形式，reach意为“到达”，其动名词形式为reaching。故填reaching。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：当警方调查人员审问参与修复这座古迹的工人，试图查明火灾原因时，法国差点失去其最著名的教堂这一事实被揭露了出来。of为介词，后接宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，需用how引导。故填how。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：巴黎检察官雷米·海茨说，周一晚上6点20分，初步火灾警报响起，但没有发现火灾。从句主语alert和hear之间为被动关系，且事情发生在过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，系动词用was。故填was heard。 4．考查形容词。句意：多年来，关于谁应该为修复坍塌的楼梯和开裂的墙壁出资，大教堂一直是争议的焦点。空处作定语修饰名词staircase，用形容词形式collapsed，意为“坍塌的”。故填collapsed。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他说：“巴黎圣母院的火灾提醒我们，我们将永远面临需要克服的挑战。”名词challenges后接不定式作后置定语，表示“需要克服的挑战”。故填to overcome。 6．考查定语从句。句意：这是我们法国人衡量距离的标准。空处引导定语从句，先行词为standard，在从句中作介词by的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7．考查代词。句意：它是每个法国人的大教堂，甚至是那些从未参观过它的人的大教堂。空处需填代词且作先行词，在who引导的定语从句中作主语，根据have可知，应为复数形式。故填those。 8．考查介词。句意：之后，一系列震撼人心的视频和照片迅速在社交媒体上传播开来，展示了这场可怕灾难对世界各地人民的影响。effects on...意为“对……的影响”，空处需填介词on，此处表示“对人们的影响”。故填on。 9．考查固定短语。句意：我们认为火灾的原因是偶然的，而不是犯罪造成的。空处表示“而不是”，需填固定短语instead of或rather than。故填instead of/rather than。 10．考查形容词最高级。句意：事实上，责任是共同的，因为这座大教堂是法国最古老的纪念碑。空处修饰名词，需填形容词作定语，且根据“in the country”可知，空处为最高级形式。故填the most time-honoured。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海位育中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Mutton is Not Just a Winter Delicacy Anymore Winter is often seen as the best season to eat mutton, but that is not the case in Shanghai. The annual mutton festival began today in Zhuanghang Town, Fengxian District, 1 highlight of the city’s summer rural tourism market. Running until August 22, the festival features tasting and cooking events 2 agriculture-related activities. The history of eating mutton in sanfu, 3 (hot) period of summer, in Zhuanghang dates back to the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368). Mutton braised in soy sauce and plain boiled mutton are popular in Zhuanghang during the festival, the tradition of tasting mutton with shaojiu is listed as an intangible cultural heritage of Shanghai. Mutton has a reputation for its tender taste, marbled texture, rich flavors and thick soup. According to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, goat meat, like beef and lamb, 4 (consider) a “hot” food and thus should be avoided or taken in smaller quantities on hot sweltering days of summer. But for hundreds of years, the people of Zhuanghang town in Fengxian district 5 (eat) goat meat during the summer. This hearty mix of alcohol and goat meat promotes sweating, 6 some traditional medicine practitioners believe helps the body get rid of toxins and prevent illnesses in the forthcoming winter. Goat meat also is believed to be an excellent way of building up “energy” in the body that will last through the winter season. That’s 7 eateries in Zhuanghang are usually packed with diners during summer. Li Yingchun, boss of a local goat meat restaurant in Zhuanghang, claims that his restaurant receIves 8,000 to 10,000 customers on average every weekday. The number 8 reach as high as 12,000 on weekends, according to a daily report. The Fengxian District Culture and Tourism Bureau said it is with the help of the traditional festival which caters to the travel, dining, entertaining and leisure dernand of tourists 9 rural revitalization will be achieved. 10 Zhuanghang, Zhangze Town in Songjiang District also has the tradition of eating mutton in sanfu. Its own mutton festival kicks off on Saturday and runs until October. 【答案】 1．a 2．as well as 3．the hottest 4．is considered 5．have been eating 6．which 7．why 8．can 9．that 10．Besides 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了上海的羊肉节，特别是奉贤区庄行镇的夏季羊肉节。 1．考查不定冠词。句意：一年一度的羊肉节今天在奉贤区庄行镇开幕，这是该市夏季乡村旅游市场的一个亮点。此处表示“一个”亮点，且highlight是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查固定短语。句意：该庆典将持续到22日，届时将举行品尝和烹饪活动以及与农业相关的活动。固定短语as well as“也，还有，和……一样”，此处表示“还有”农业相关的活动。故填as well as。 3．考查形容词最高级。句意：庄行夏季最热的三伏吃羊肉的历史可以追溯到元朝(1279-1368)。此处指夏天“最热的”时候，应用形容词最高级。故填the hottest。 4．考查动词语态。句意：根据中医原理，山羊肉和牛肉、羔羊肉一样，被认为是“热”食物，因此在炎热的夏天要避免或少吃。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，句子的主语是goat meat，和谓语动词consider之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，且主语是不可数名词，be动词使用is。故填is considered。 5．考查动词时态。句意：但是几百年来，奉贤区庄行镇的人们在夏天都吃山羊肉。根据时间状语for hundreds of years可知，句子表示过去发生的事情一直持续到现在并且仍然在继续的事情，所以句子用现在完成进行时，句子主语是the people，助动词使用have。故填have been eating。 6．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这种酒精和山羊肉的丰盛组合能促进出汗，一些传统医学从业者认为，这有助于身体排出毒素，在即将到来的冬天预防疾病。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7．考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么庄行的餐馆在夏天通常挤满了食客。此处引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，应用连接副词why引导。故填why。 8．考查情态动词。句意：据一份日报报道，周末这一数字可能高达1.2万。此处表示对客观事实的一种推测，应用情态动词can。故填can。 9．考查强调句型。句意：奉贤区文化旅游局表示，通过传统节日满足游客旅游、餐饮、娱乐、休闲的需求，实现乡村振兴。强调句型：It is/was+强调部分+that/who+其他，强调部分为物，应用that。故填that。 10．考查介词。句意：除了庄行，松江区张泽镇也有吃羊肉的传统。此处表示“除……之外，还有……”，应用介词besides，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Besides。 Passage 3 (23-24高二上·上海奉贤区四校联考·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Young people around the world have volunteered 1 (help) others in need using their time, energy, knowledge, and skills. For example, Joris, a 10-year-old boy in Seattle, has helped to protect cheetahs 2 the threat of extinction by raising more than $14,000. 3 (donate) all the money he has raised, he makes his own contributions to wildlife conservation. In the last two years, Jack, together with his 14-year-old twin brother, 4 (launch) a database to connect children with volunteer opportunities such as working for animal shelters and urban farming groups. 5 boy, Jackson, is determined to fight against plastic pollution. A campaign 6 (lead) by him to promote the use of recyclable water bottles plays a part in local environmental protection. He also urges the local restaurant to sell more paper water bottles. Xiao Meng, a 20-year-old volunteer tour guide in the Palace Museum, spent three months hanging around the Forbidden City 7 she could remember every detail of the Palace Museum, 8 sounds absolutely incredible. There is no denying that we should show respect for 9 these young volunteers have done for our world. By doing these meaningful volunteering, young people 10 successfully avoid getting annoyed at small things in life and focus on what is truly important. 【答案】 1．to help 2．from/against 3．Donating/Having donated 4．has launched 5．Another 6．led 7．before/until 8．which 9．what 10．can 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述世界各地的年轻人都自愿利用自己的时间、精力、知识和技能帮助其他需要帮助的人。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界各地的年轻人都自愿利用自己的时间、精力、知识和技能帮助其他需要帮助的人。分析句子可知，这里考查volunteer to do sth表“自愿做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to help。 2．考查介词。句意：例如，西雅图的一名10岁男孩Joris筹集了14000多美元，帮助保护猎豹免受灭绝的威胁。分析句子可知，这里考查protect...from/against，表“保护……免受……侵害”，为固定搭配。故填from或against。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他把筹集到的所有资金都捐出去，为野生动物保护做出自己的贡献。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，he和donate为主动关系，再由语意可知，此空可填现在分词或者现在分词完成时态，作状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Donating或Having donated。 4．考查动词时态。句意：杰克和他14岁的双胞胎兄弟建立了一个数据库，将儿童与志愿者机会联系起来，比如为动物收容所和城市农业组织工作。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，Jack和launch为主动关系，且由In the last two years可知，这里时态应用现在完成时。故填has launched。 5．考查代词。句意：另一个男孩杰克逊决心与塑料污染作斗争。由上文“Joris, a 10-year-old boy in Seattle”以及语境可知，这里讲“另一个”男孩的故事，所以应用不定代词another，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Another。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他领导的一场推广使用可回收水瓶的运动在当地环境保护方面发挥了作用。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，A campaign和lead为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词作定语，修饰前面名词A campaign。故填led。 7．考查时间状语从句。句意：20岁的小孟是故宫博物院的一名志愿导游，她花了三个月的时间在紫禁城里闲逛，才记住故宫的每一个细节，这听起来绝对令人难以置信。分析句子及句意可知，这里考查时间状语从句，此空可填before或者until。故填before或until。 8．考查定语从句。句意：20岁的小孟是故宫博物院的一名志愿导游，她花了三个月的时间在紫禁城里闲逛，才记住故宫的每一个细节，这听起来绝对令人难以置信。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：不可否认，我们应该尊重这些年轻志愿者为我们的世界所做的一切。分析句子可知，这里考查宾语从句，从句中缺宾语，且指代事，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 10．考查情态动词。句意：通过做这些有意义的志愿服务，年轻人可以成功地避免对生活中的小事感到恼火，并专注于真正重要的事情。分析句子可知，此空应填情态动词，can表“可以”，符合句意。故填can。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海七宝中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. Messaging the stars If there are intelligent aliens out there, should we try to communicate with them? And who should speak for Earth? For 75 years, astronomers have been searching for extraterrestrial intelligence, often shortened to SETI. SETI involves listening for radio or optical signals sent by intelligent civilizations. But, so far, no artificial signals have been detected. The failure of SETI is called “The Great Silence”, but 1 this, many scientists are confident that intelligent aliens do exist. There are thought to be at least 10 billion habitable worlds in our galaxy, and billions of years have passed during which any life on them 2 have developed intelligence and technology. METI, or messaging extraterrestrial intelligence, has been 3 (common). It involves talking rather than listening. To some, it is a controversial activity. The first attempts at communication were imaginative “messages in a bottle”. In 1972, NASA launched the Pioneer 10 spacecraft towards Jupiter, which carried a plaque (牌匾) with a line drawing of a man and a woman as well as symbols to show 4 the craft originated. In1977, NASA followed this up with a golden record 5 (attach) to the Voyager 1 craft. The 12-inch record held sounds and images chosen to convey the diversity of life on Earth. Both spacecraft have since left the solar system. At their current speeds, it will be tens of thousands of years 6 they reach another star system. In the immensity of space, the odds 7 they will be found are extremely tiny. In 1974, a radio message was beamed from the Arecibo Observatory. A series of on-off radio pulses, designed to convey simple information about humanity, 8 (send) towards the globular cluster (球状星团) M13. Since M13 is 25,000 light years away, we shouldn’t hold our breath for a reply. Now, an international team of astronomers plans to use the world’s largest radio telescope, FAST, located in China, to beam a message towards millions of stars that are 10,000 to 20,000 light years away. The new message is 9 amalgam (组合) of previous ones. It contains 25,000 bytes of information, 100 times more than the Arecibo message, but 100 times less than a photo from a smartphone. NASA signals to its remote spacecraft, meanwhile, 10 (reach) four nearby stars so far. A reply from aliens living in the nearby place could reach us by 2029. 【答案】 1．despite 2．could 3．less common 4．where 5．attached 6．before 7．that 8．was sent 9．an 10．have reached 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类与外星智慧生物交流的历史、现状及其潜在的争议和挑战。 1．考查介词。句意：SETI的失败被称为“大沉默”，但尽管如此，许多科学家仍然相信有智慧的外星人确实存在。空后为代词this，结合“many scientists are confident that intelligent aliens do exist”可知，此处和上文是让步关系，应用介词despite表示“尽管”。故填despite。 2．考查情态动词。句意：据认为，在我们的银河系中至少有100亿个宜居星球，数十亿年过去了，这些星球上的任何生命都可能发展出智慧和技术。空处和have developed构成定语从句的谓语，结合“billions of years have passed”可推知，此处指这些星球上的生命有可能在这么长的时间中发展出智慧和技术，是对已经发生动作进行主观推测，应用情态动词could表示“可能”。故填could。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：METI，即向外星智慧生物发送信息，则不那么常见。空处作表语，上一段在介绍SETI，本段介绍METI，结合下文“To some, it is a controversial activity.”可推知，此处在进行比较，指“不那么常见”，应用比较级less common表示“不常见的”。故填less common。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：1972年，美国国家航空航天局向木星发射了“先驱者10号”宇宙飞船，飞船上有一块牌子，上面画着一男一女的线条，还有一些符号表明飞船的起源地。空处引导名词性从句作show的宾语，结合“the craft originated”可知，从句中缺少地点状语，空处需表达“何地”，应用连接副词where作引导词。故填where。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：1977年，美国国家航空航天局又给“旅行者1号”飞船贴上了一张金唱片。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，attach“附上”和record逻辑上是被动关系，应用attach的过去分词形式，作record的后置定语。故填attached。 6．考查连词。句意：以它们目前的速度，它们将需要数万年才能到达另一个恒星系统。结合“it will be tens of thousands of years”可推知，固定句型“It will be+一段时间+before…”符合题意，表示“再过多久就/才……”。故填before。 7．考查同位语从句。句意：在浩瀚的太空中，它们被发现的几率微乎其微。空处引导名词性从句作odds的同位语，同位语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。 8．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：一系列旨在传递人类简单信息的无线电脉冲被发送到球状星团M13。空处作句子的谓语，结合前一句中的“In 1974”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，send“发送”和主语A series of on-off radio pulses之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语表示一系列“同一种类”的事物，be动词应用was。故填was sent。 9．考查冠词。句意：这条新消息是以前的消息的一个组合。空处表示泛指，表示“一个组合”，应用不定冠词，且amalgam的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 10．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：与此同时，美国国家航空航天局向其远程航天器发出的信号到目前为止已经到达了附近的四颗恒星。空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语“so far”可知，时态应用现在完成时，且主语signals为复数，助动词用have。故填have reached。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海七宝中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Better out than in? As I weave through the traffic on my bike, I always worry about the dirty air I am breathing. It is a relief to get back to the inside, 1 the air is sweeter and, you might think, better for me. But that turns out to be a false sense of security. “People don’t imagine that there is pollution indoors; it is perceived as a protective place,” says Corinne Mandin at France’s Scientific and Technical Building Centre, “But there are more pollutants in buildings 2 in outdoor air.” Thanks in no small part to Covid-19, which focused minds on air quality and ventilation (通风) of enclosed spaces, the long-neglected issue of indoor pollution 3 (finally take) seriously. Deadly seriously, in fact, as it dawns on scientists that the pollutants we encounter in our homes, workplaces and schools are probably a major cause of illness and death. It is tempting to conclude that there is nowhere safe 4 (leave) to breathe. But the good news is that we can all cut exposure to indoor pollution by making a few simple changes. First up is cooking, which is called “one of the most notable sources of indoor chemicals”. The exact composition of the fumes depends on what you cook and 5 you cook it. Gas burners are the most polluting heat source, 6 (release) carbon monoxide and dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which can accumulate 7 adequate ventilation. As a rule, frying is more polluting than boiling or steaming, which produce mostly water vapour. Frying releases toxic chemicals from the cooking oil and particulates from whatever you are frying. Meat can be an especially rich source of particulates. There are some signs 8 fumes from cooking meat could do more than just make us wheeze. Researchers at Nazarbayav University in Kazakhstan exposed volunteers to fumes from a chicken leg fried on a gas stove. At peak exposure, measurement of their brain activity resembled what was seen in people with 9 neuro-condition. Activity did return to normal after 30 minutes, but the researchers warned that chronic exposure 10 cause long-term damage. 【答案】 1．where 2．than 3．is finally being taken 4．left 5．how 6．releasing 7．without 8．that 9．a 10．could 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了尽管人们通常认为室内是免受污染的安全场所，但研究表明建筑中的污染物可能多于室外，烹饪是室内化学物质的主要来源，燃气燃烧器和油炸食品尤其污染严重，长期接触烹饪烟雾可能对健康造成损害。 1．考查定语从句。句意：回到室内是一种解脱，那里的空气更甜美，你可能会认为对我更好。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the inside作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 2．考查连（介）词。句意：但建筑中的污染物比室外空气中的污染物更多。根据“more pollutants in buildings”可知，此处是将筑中的污染物和室外空气中的污染物进行对比，指前者比后者更多，应用连（介）词than表示“比”。故填than。 3．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在很大程度上，由于新冠肺炎，人们的注意力集中在空气质量和封闭空间的通风上，长期被忽视的室内污染问题终于得到了重视。空处作句子的谓语，结合“the long-neglected issue”可推知，此处表示之前的问题现在正在得到重视，时态应用现在进行时，take seriously“重视”和主语issue之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is finally being taken。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们很容易得出这样的结论：没有安全的地方可以呼吸。空处句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，leave“剩下”和nowhere逻辑上是被动关系，应用leave的过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填left。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：烟雾的确切成分取决于你烹饪的食物和烹饪方式。空处引导名词性从句作on的宾语，结合下文比较不同烹饪方式可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：燃气燃烧器是污染最严重的热源，会释放一氧化碳、二氧化碳和氮氧化物，在没有充分通风的情况下会积聚。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，release“释放”和Gas burners逻辑上是主动关系，因此用release的现在分词形式，作状语。故填releasing。 7．考查介词。句意：燃气燃烧器是污染最严重的热源，会释放一氧化碳、二氧化碳和氮氧化物，在没有充分通风的情况下会积聚。空后为名词短语adequate ventilation，结合“accumulate”可推知，此处指这些物质会在缺乏充分通风的情况下积聚，应用介词without表示“在没有……的情况下”，构成条件状语。故填without。 8．考查同位语从句。句意：有迹象表明，烹饪肉类产生的烟雾不仅仅会让我们难以呼吸。空处引导名词性从句作signs的同位语，同位语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。 9．考查冠词。句意：在峰值暴露时，对他们大脑活动的测量与神经系统疾病患者的相似。空处表示泛指，意为“一种”，应用不定冠词，且neuro-condition的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 10．考查情态动词。句意：三十分钟后，活动确实恢复正常，但研究人员警告说，长期接触可能会造成长期损害。空处和cause构成谓语，应用情态动词，结合“the researchers warned”可知，此处表示一种可能性，且主句是一般过去时，因此用could表示“可能”。故填could。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $