2025年江苏省中职英语一轮复习基础语法
一、主谓一致
1.就近原则：（是指谓语动词的形式要与靠近的名词或代词（有时不一定是主语）在人称和数上保持一致。）
neither…nor…既不…也不…
either…or…要么…要么…
not only…but also…不仅…而且…
there be 句型，表示某地“有”某人某物。
2.就远原则：（谓语动词的变化要与前面较远的主语保持一致。）
as well as …也…
together with… 和…一起
along with…连同；以及；和…一起…
combine with…合并在一起…
rather than 而不是
but/except 除了
二、虚拟语气
1.if引导的虚拟语气
（1）表示与现在事实相反
从句:If主语+were/did
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do
eg:1. If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你，我会带把伞。
2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（2）与过去事实相反
从句:If +主语+had done
主句：主语+should/would/could/might +have done
eg:1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.如果你当初听了我的建议，你就不会在考试中失败了。
2.If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.如果你学习更努力，你就会通过考试了。
（3）与将来事实相反
从句:If+主语+动词过去式
If+主语+were to+动词原形
If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)
主句:主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 如果你明天来，我们就会开会。
If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. 如果明天下雨，我们就推迟运动会。
If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.
如果他明天不来，我们就把会议推迟到下一个星期。
2.if省略句
在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.
→Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。
3.wish引导的虚拟语气
（1）对将来发生的愿望或祝愿
wish + 主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形
例：I wish she would try again.（我希望她能再试一次。）
（2）对现在事实相反的愿望
wish + 主语 + 动词过去式
例：I wish I wasn't leaving my son.（我希望我没离开我儿子。）
（3）对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔
wish + 主语 + would/could have/had + 过去分词
例：I wish you had come to my birthday party.（你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。）
4.在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。
常用的此类动词有：
表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.
表示“要求”的： request, demand, require
表示“同意，坚持”的：insist
表示“决定，命令”的：command, order
We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.
结构：It is suggested/proposed/advised/recommended/ required/requested + that sb./sth. (should) do sth.
5.It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that+sb./sth. (should) do sth.
6.It is high time + that sb.did sth.
It is high time + that sb. should do sth.
三、强调句(强调句的特点：去掉It was…that后句子仍成立。）
| 说明 | 例句 |
1.强调主语，其后的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。 | It is he who/that often does good deeds. It is I who/that am looking for you. | |
2.强调部分除了指人可用who/whom,其他只能用that | It is the book that I want. | |
3.not until…句型的强调句 | It was not until you told me that I realized my mistake.可转换为以下句型：1) Not until you told me did I realize my mistake. 2) I didn’t realize my mistake until you told me. | |
4.与主语从句(It is / was… that -从句）的区别 | 1)It is true/a fact that they won the game.(it是形式主语) 2)It was in Xiamen that I first met him.(强调句的特点： |
|
| 去掉It was…that后句子仍成立。） |
5.与 “It be…before (时间过多久才…) / since(自…以来多长时间了)句型的区别 | It was two hours before he worked out the problem.(两个小时后他才算出这道题) It is two years since he joined the army.(他参军两年了) | |
6.与 “It be…when/where定语从句的区别 | It was in 1919 that he was born. (强调句) It was 1919 when the May 4th Movement took place. （定语从句) It was in Beijing that I met him.(强调句) It was Beijing where I met him.(定语从句) |
四、倒装句
部 分 倒 装 | 主谓宾结构的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 | Have you finished your homework?/ Why did you buy it? |
seldom, never, little, hardly, nowhere, by no means（决不）, in no time（立刻）等表否定意义的副词或短语置于句首。 | Seldom does he watch TV. By no means will I give up trying. | |
Only +状语置于句首
| Only when you have grown up can you understand your parents. | |
not only…but also…连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒 | Not only does he do well in study, but also he is ready to help others. | |
neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后都倒 | Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. | |
so/such…that中such/so的修饰成分置于句首时前倒后不倒 | So fast did he speak that I didn’t follow him./Such good players are they that they often win. | |
as引导的让步状语从句 | Child as he is, he knows a lot. | |
so, neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事 | He can play the piano. So can I . We didn’t win. Neither did they. | |
表示祝愿的祈使句 | May you have a good trip. | |
省略if的虚拟条件句：结构：Were/Had/Should+主语+谓语动词 | Were I you, I would not do it this way. |
特别的：So位于句首不倒装的情况：主语与前句相同，表赞同, 译为“确实如此”。
例句：---Mike studies hard.
---So he does. （确实是。) 比较: （---So do I .我也是。）
五、感叹句
What引导的感叹句：
① What + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语
What a beautiful girl she is! （主谓）
② What + adj. + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语
What important jobs they have done! （主谓）
③ What + adj. + 不可数名词 + 主语 +谓语
What sweet water it is! （主谓）
注意：
但有些不可数名词( rain，surprise，breakfast，lunch，success等)前面有形容词修饰,使抽象名词具体化时,则要用what a/an。
eg：What a heavy rain it is!
How 引导的感叹句：
① How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语
How interesting the dog is! （主谓）
②How + 主语 + 谓语
How time flies!
③How +adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语
How useful a subject it is!
判断感叹句的引导词是what还是how,先把主谓和其他部分去掉,如果最后一个词是名词用what,是形容词或副词用how。若没有主谓则看句末一词来定。句末一词是名词用what,是形容词或副词用how。
六、It's adj for sb. to do sth.
It's adj of sb. to do sth.
(当形容词描述的是人物的性格、品德或主观感情时如: good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等，使用“of sb”
当形容词描述的是事物的特征或难度时，如：important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等，使用“for sb”)
七、几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析：
(1)stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事
(2)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已做)
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(事情没做)
(3)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做)
remember to do sth.记着去做某事(事情没做)
(4)try doing sth.尝试着去做某事
try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事
(5)go on doing sth.继续不停地做同一件事情
go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事
(6)allow doing sth.允许做某事
allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
(7)regret doing sth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做)
regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
(8)mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事