2025年江苏省中职英语一轮复习定语从句专题

 

定语从句 专题

一、定语从句（一）：

1、定语从句含义：

定语：修饰或限定名词或代词。

定语从句：即在复合句中，充当定语成分的句子。

2、分类

定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

1）限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，

如: I was a top boy that everyone likes me.

2）非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，若省去，意思仍完整。

如:Michael Jackson, who is the greatest singer in the world, passed away in 2010.

3、先行词与关系词

1）、被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

例如：I like the house which we live in.

            先行词 关系词 定语从句

 

          

 

2）、关系词 

          

 

 

 

 

 

4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。

关系词	指代	在定语从句中的作用
that	既指人也指物	作主语、宾语
which	指物	作主语、宾语
who	指人	作主语
whom	指人	作宾语
whose	既指人也指物	作定语

二、定语从句（二）

1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。

1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。

There is nothing that I can do for you .

2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。

This is the very book that I’m looking for .

3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。

This is the first textbook that  I studied in the middle school .

4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。

This is the most beautiful mountain that I have ever seen .

5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。

He told us many interesting things and persons that we had .

2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。

1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。

This is the building in which  he lives .

2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。

The clock is that which tells the time .

3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。

His book , which was lost last week , has been found now.

3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。

1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。

Those who are singing are all my classmates .

2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。

There is a girl who expects to see you .

3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。

He who plays with fire gets burned .

三、定语从句（三）。

  由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。

where =  in / at +which     when = in / on / at +which   why = for + which

1.由where引导的定语从句。

1).先行词是表示地点的名词     2).在定语从句中作地点状语

Is this the house where you lived ?=  Is this the house in which you lived ?

= Is this the house which you lived in ?

2.由when引导的定语从句。

1).先行词是表示时间的名词      2).在定语从句中作时间状语

I will never forget the days when I met him .= I will never forget the days on which I met him.

注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。

When was the last time you saw the parrot ?

3.由why引导的定语从句。

  先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。

We don’t know the reason why they didn’t come .

四、注意事项：

1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。

The story _____ he told was very popular .

A.who   B.whom    C.whose    D. /  

2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。

I loves singers who __write_____(write) their own songs .

She is a girl who ___studies___(study) hard.

She is one of the girls who ___study___(study) hard .

3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。

Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?

A. which you bought    B. that you bought it   C. you bought    D. you bought it

4.定语从句中whose 的确定：

 无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。

判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose 。

The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .

A. who    B. whose    C. which     D. that 

I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .=  I know the boy __whose__ handwriting is very good.

五、定语从句的简化

  把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。

1.She received a box which was full of presents .

 She received a box full of presents .

2.He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.

 He likes reading booking written by  Luxun .

3.I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it .

 I like Chinese tea with nothing in it .

4.Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress .

 Do you know the girl wearing  a red dress .