Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心知识，系统梳理重点词汇（含基础词汇及拓展派生词链，如industrialization系列）、短语及句型（what宾语从句、状语从句省略、It is...to do句型），并以非谓语动词为语法难点，分模块讲解其作主语、宾语等成分的用法，构建从基础积累到复杂语法应用的递进学习支架。 该资料特色鲜明，通过词汇拓展构建知识网络，句型解析结合教材原句增强语境理解，非谓语动词模块配“对点集训”强化应用。助力提升语言能力（词汇句型灵活运用）与思维品质（语法结构逻辑分析），课中辅助教师高效授课，课后便于学生自主复习、查漏补缺，夯实英语基础。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．ideal n．理想；典范 adj.完美的，理想的 2．rigid adj.死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的 3．undergo vt.经历，经受 4．advocate vt.拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 5．district n．区，行政区；地区，区域 6．bend vi.&vt.(使)拐弯，弯曲 n．拐弯，弯道 7．claim n．声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 拓展词汇 8．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说；长篇故事adj.新奇的；异常的 9．industrialization n．工业化→industry n．工业，制造业；行业→industrial adj.工业的； 工业用的→industrialism n．工业主义，产业主义→industrialist n．工业家，实业家→industrialized adj.(已实现)工业化的 10．belief n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心→believe vt.相信→believable adj.可信的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．break with sth与某事终止关联，破除 2．lie in存在于；在于 3．be pleased with对……感到满意 4．be interested in对……感兴趣 5．as a result结果 6．focus on集中于…… 7．be filled with充满；装满 8．have a huge impact on对……有重大影响 9．rather than与其；不愿；而不是 10．make all the difference影响很大；非常重要；与众不同 11．stand for代表；象征；表示；主张；容忍 12．be faced with面对 13．have no choice but to do sth别无选择只好做某事 14．get across(使)被理解，使人了解，(把……)讲清楚 15．refer to把……称作……；提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．During that time，England was undergoing a process called industrialization. 在那期间，英国正经历一个叫做工业化的过程。 2．Romantic poets were often not pleased with what was happening in their country and they were not always interested in the improvements in science. 浪漫主义诗人常常不满意他们国家正在发生的事情，他们并不总是对科学的进步感兴趣。 3．When reading these beautifully written lines，I can enjoy the beauty of the language. 当我读到这些优美的文字，我可以享受语言的美。 4．When faced with two paths，people have no choice but to make a decision and see what will happen. 当面对两条路时，人们别无选择，只能做出决定，看看会发生什么。 5．It is a good idea to refer to your personal experience or emotion in this part. 参考这部分您的个人经验或情感是个好主意。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[核心词汇·练透] break with sth与某事终止关联，破除 break away from　脱离(政党)；打破(陈规、陋习) break down (机器)出故障；撞倒，打破；拆毁，破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂；(身体)垮掉；分解 break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等) break into 强行闯入；突然……起来 break off 中断；折断 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 break through 取得突破；克服 break up 驱散；分散；打碎；分手 [经典佳句]　It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field. 它能打破藩篱，让场上场下的人们走到一起。 Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Can't you break away from old habits? ②She broke off the conversation and answered the phone. ③The scientists hope to break through soon in the research for a cure for cancer. 用break短语完成下列小语段 ④When the fire broke out，I broke into the house to find my daughter；finally we successfully broke away from the burning building. advocate vt.拥护，支持，提倡n.拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 (1)advocate (doing) sth　提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事 advocate that... 主张…… (2)an advocate of/for ……的提倡者/拥护者 [经典佳句]　LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016. LoveFone是一家提倡修理手机而不是丢弃手机的公司，2016年在伦敦一个电话亭开设了一个迷你车间。 We advocate quitting smoking in order to keep fit. ＝We advocate that we (should) quit smoking to keep fit. 为了保持健康，我们提倡戒烟。 She's a strong advocate of free speech. 她是言论自由的坚定拥护者。 [名师点津] advocate 后跟动名词作宾语，而不接动词不定式。后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用 (should＋)动词原形。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Do you advocate banning(ban) cars in the city centre? ②The report advocated that all buildings (should) be fitted(fit) with smoke detectors. ③She has always been an advocate of/for changes to English spelling，to make it easier to learn. 完成句子 ④中国政府提倡我们应该过低碳生活。 The Chinese government advocates that we (should) live a low­carbon life. belief n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 (1)have a strong belief in...　绝对信任…… hold the belief that... 坚信…… beyond belief　　　难以置信 (2)believe vt. 相信(某人的话)；认为；猜想 believe in 相信……的存在；信任；信赖 believe it or not 信不信由你 [经典佳句]　In spite of his bad results in the examination，he has a strong belief in his own cleverness. 他虽然考试成绩不佳，却仍然相信自己的小聪明。 Believe it or not，I met him again three years later.信不信由你，3年后我再次遇见他。 [语境助记] Believe it or not，I will always believe in the power of love，and belief is a power in itself.信不信由你，我永远相信爱的力量，而相信本身就是一种力量。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①I hold the firm belief that he is a kind and warm­hearted man. ②With him leading us，we have belief(believe) in our future and we will gain success sooner or later. ③His ability to solve a puzzle is beyond belief. 完成句子 ④我相信你的话，但是我不信任你这个人。 I believe what you said，but I don't believe in you. bendvi.&vt.(bent，bent)(使)拐弯，弯曲n.拐弯，弯道 bend down　弯身，弯腰 bend over 俯身靠近 bend one's efforts/mind to sth 专心于，致力于 bend...to... 迫使……屈服于…… [经典佳句]　Every time light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters. 每次光用新的速度穿过一种物质，它都会弯曲和散射。 The car came round the bend at a terrifying speed. 那辆汽车以惊人的速度拐过弯道。 [即学活用] 写出下列句中bend的词性和词义 ①There is a sharp bend in the road here.n.拐弯，弯道 ②You have to bend your knees to sit down.vt.使弯曲 ③He bent down and picked up a book on the floor.vi.弯身；变弯曲 ④He tried to force me to bend to his will.vi.使屈从 翻译句子 ⑤让大自然屈服于人类的意志是永远不可能的。 It is never possible to bend nature to human will. claimn.声明，宣称；所有权；索赔vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 (1)claim that...　声称…… claim to do sth 声称做某事 It's claimed that... 据说…… claim sth 要求，索要某物 (2)have a claim on sb 对某人有……的要求权 make a claim for... 就……要求 [经典佳句]　The famous actress claims to have divorced with her husband. 这位著名女演员声称她已经和丈夫离婚了。 The product claims that it can make you thin without dieting.该产品声称不节食也可让你瘦下来。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ① He claims to have seen(see) a round black creature moving quickly through the water. ②You can make a claim on your insurance policy. 完成句子 ③据说有些医生每周工作80个小时。 It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [重点句型·通关] (教材P48)Romantic poets were often not pleased with what was happening in their country and they were not always interested in the improvements in science. 浪漫主义诗人常常不满意他们国家正在发生的事情，他们并不总是对科学的进步感兴趣。 what was happening in their country是宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。 what引导的名词性从句相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语，其本身在从句中也充当一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语或定语。 What Barry lacks is patience and determination. 巴里缺乏的是耐心和决心。 As is known to us，China isn't what it used to be. 众所周知，中国不再是原来的样子了。 I am，in part，an ant biologist，so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. 在某种程度上，我是一个蚂蚁生物学家，所以我的思想转向了我们对昆虫生命的了解，我知道昆虫世界里还有很多东西是未知的。 [名师点津] 引导名词性从句时what与that的区别： what既起引导作用，又充当句子成分，相当于“the thing(s) that”；that只起引导作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，且在宾语从句中可省略。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. ②It was a pity that his ideas didn't gain popular support. ③It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world. ④Making a full­length clay(粘土)figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do! 完成句子 ⑤最后他们来到了一个名叫“死亡谷”的地方。 Finally they reached what was called Death Valley. (教材P49)When reading these beautifully written lines，I can enjoy the beauty of the language. 当我读到这些优美的文字，我可以享受语言的美。 When reading these beautifully written lines相当于When I am reading these beautifully written lines，是时间状语从句的省略形式。 在由while，when，if，as if，even if/though，though，although，until，once，unless 等引导的状语从句中，当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句中的主语是it，且从句中含有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。 We wear sports shoes when doing physical exercise at school. 我们在学校运动时都穿运动鞋。 The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child­parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. 研究人员分析了53对孩子和父母在家里的日常活动的录像，发现年龄在26个月到46个月之间玩拼图的孩子在54个月大的时候被评价时有更好的空间技能。 If (it is)necessary，you should turn to your parents for help. 如果有必要，你应该向你的父母求助。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①He opened his mouth as if to say(say) something. ②She gave me a comforting smile and nodded while listening(listen) patiently. ③While asked(ask) to answer questions，please speak louder. 句型转换 ④When it is completed，the museum will be open to the public next year. →When completed，the museum will be open to the public next year. (教材P52)It is a good idea to refer to your personal experience or emotion in this part. 参考这部分您的个人经验或情感是个好主意。 该句属于“It＋be＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb) to do sth”句型，其中it是形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。 (1)It＋be＋adj.＋(for sb)＋ to do sth(某人)做某事是…… 当作表语的形容词(easy，hard，difficult，important等)说明不定式行为的性质和特点时，常用“for sb”引出不定式的逻辑主语。 (2)It＋be＋adj.＋(of sb)＋to do sth(某人)做某事是…… 当作表语的形容词(kind，nice，good等)说明不定式的逻辑主语的性格和品行时， 常用“of sb”引出不定式的逻辑主语。 It is religious of you to go to church every week. 你每周都到教堂做礼拜是很虔诚的。 It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library，where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. 装好东西去当地图书馆对我们来说是家常便饭，在图书馆我的孩子们挑选出可以读的书或者是他们需要我给他们读的书。 [佳句背诵] He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green，but he has no doubt about it. 他说，虽然说服人们相信海狸鼠皮毛是环保的不容易，但是他对此毫不怀疑。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①It is difficult to figure(figure) out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied. ②It is important for us to launch a campaign to promote our new products. ③It is nice of you to support me when a majority of people object to my plan. 完成句子 ④放弃这么好的一个机会，你真是太傻了！ How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance. 复习非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词­ing形式与过去分词。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能单独充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。 一、非谓语动词作主语 (一) 动词­ing形式作主语 1．动词­ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式。 Travelling a lot is a good way to help people become knowledgeable. 多旅行是助人博知的好办法。 Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy. 每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。 Learning to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. 学会批判性地思考，这是现在的孩子为了未来(的发展)所需要具备的一项重要技能。 [名师点津] 意义不同的两个动词­ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。 Listening to music and reading are his two hobbies. 听音乐和读书是他的两个爱好。 2．动词­ing形式作主语时通常有两种位置：一种是位于句首；另一种是it作形式主语，而将动词­ing形式移至后面。 Saying is one thing，and doing is another. 说是一回事，而做是另一回事。 Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. 把英语作为第二语言来学习可能是一种痛苦的经历。 常用动词­ing形式作主语的句型： It is a waste of time doing...做……是浪费时间的 It is no good/use doing...做……是没好处/没用的 It is worthwhile doing...做……是值得的 It is useless doing...做……没有用 It is no fun doing...做……没有乐趣 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。 [名师点津] There is no need to do sth“做某事没有必要”。在此句式中，to do不能换为doing。 There is no need to move off so early for you. 你们没有必要这么早出发。 [对点集训1] 完成句子 ①和这个吝啬的人争辩是没用的。 It is useless/no use arguing with the mean man. ②什么都不做，只是待在家里没意思。 It is no fun just staying at home doing nothing. ③游泳是我最喜欢的一项运动。 Swimming is my favourite sport. (二)不定式(短语)作主语 1．不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。若不定式结构比较复杂，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。 To do that sort of thing is foolish. 做那种事真是愚蠢。 To hesitate means failure. 犹豫不决就意味着失败。 It's necessary to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 It is against my principles to do such a thing. 做这样的事是违反我的原则的。 [名师点津] 不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式，而且表示一次具体行为或动作。 2．不定式(短语)、动词­ing形式(短语)都可作主语，但动词­ing形式(短语)作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式(短语)多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。 To teach you the uses of the infinitive is my job today.(表具体行为) 教你们不定式的用法是我今天的工作。 Teaching is my job.(表抽象行为) 教学是我的工作。 [对点集训2] 完成句子 ①爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. ②想不下苦功就能学会一门外语是不可能的。 It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking efforts. 二、非谓语动词作宾语 (一)动词­ing形式作宾语 1．在admit，avoid，consider，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，delay，appreciate，risk等动词之后只能用动词­ing形式作宾语。 All the staff in our company are considering going to the city centre for the fashion show. 我们公司的所有员工都在考虑去市中心看时装秀。 He got well­prepared for the interview，for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity. 他为这次面试做好了准备，因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。 2．在动词短语give up，feel like，put off，object to，look forward to，devote oneself to，can't help，can't bear/stand，lead to，insist on，be fond of，dream of等之后用动词­ing形式作宾语。 I'm looking forward to your coming next time. 我期待着您下一次的到来。 Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow. 因为坏天气，他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。 It's quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？ 3．在以下结构中，动词­ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。 spend....(in) doing花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing做……有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent...(from) doing阻止……做某事 waste time (in) doing浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in) doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事 There is no point (in) doing做某事毫无意义 He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child. 他每天总是忙于工作，这让他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。 There is no point giving him such a good chance. 给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。 [对点集训3] 单句语法填空 ①Would you mind moving(move) the box for me? ②We are all looking forward to visiting(visit) the museum soon. ③You can't imagine what difficulty we had walking( walk) home in the snowstorm. (二)动词不定式作宾语 1．不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有： agree(同意)，offer(提出)，intend/plan(打算，计划)，demand(要求)，promise(答应)，help(帮忙)，prepare(准备)，decide(决定)，refuse(拒绝)，choose(选择)，wish/hope/want/expect (希望，想要)，fail(不能)，pretend(假装)，manage(设法)，determine(决心)，beg(恳求，祈求)，arrange(安排，准备)，threaten(威胁)，claim(声称)，aim(以……为目标)，hesitate(犹豫不决)等。 They managed to finish the work on time. 他们设法按时完成了工作。 He failed to paste the poster on the wall. 他没能把海报贴到墙上。 2．“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语 “疑问词(who，which，when，where，how，what等)＋不定式”结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。 下列动词可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语： teach，remember，forget，decide，wonder，show，learn，consider，know等。 He taught me how to cook. 他教我如何做饭。 Have you decided where to spend your holiday? 你决定去哪儿度假了吗？ 3．it可以充当形式宾语，指代真正的宾语不定式，可以用于该句型的动词有： consider，make，feel，find，think等。 He feels it his duty to help others. 他觉得帮助别人是他的职责。 He found it hard to learn maths well. 他发现学好数学很难。 (三)动词­ing形式作宾语和动词不定式作宾语用法区别 1．某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词­ing作宾语。 (1)动词begin，start，continue等后接不定式或动词­ing形式作宾语时意义差别不大。 It's surprising that he began to learn/learning how to use a computer at the age of 70. 令人惊讶的是，他70岁开始学习如何使用电脑。 (2)动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词­ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词­ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。 I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯) 我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。 It is a pleasant day today，so I love to have a walk with my friend.(具体) 今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。 (3)一些动词后既可跟动词­ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。 I didn't mean to hurt you. 我本无意伤害你。 Doing morning exercises means getting up early. 做早操意味着早起。 [名师点津] mean to do sth打算做某事 mean doing sth意味着做某事 forget to do sth忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth忘记做过某事(已做) regret to do sth对即将做的事表示遗憾(未做) regret doing sth对做过的事表示遗憾/后悔(已做) try to do sth尽力去做某事 try doing sth试着做某事 go on to do sth继续做另外一件事 go on doing sth继续做原来做的事 remember to do sth记着去做某事(未做) remember doing sth记得做过某事(已做) stop doing sth停止做某事 stop to do sth停下来去做某事 can't help doing sth禁不住做某事 can't help to do sth不能帮助做某事 2．动词need，require，want表示“需要”时，后面接动词­ing形式，表示被动含义，相当于接不定式的被动形式(to be done) The condition of this car is so serious. It really needs repairing/to be repaired before driving on the road again. 这辆车的状况很糟糕，再次上路前确实需要修一下。 [名师点津] 在(be) worth后面只能用动词­ing形式来表示被动意义。如： It's worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 [对点集训4] 翻译句子 ①我记得去车站接她。 I remember to meet her at the station. ②我记得在什么地方曾经见过她。 I remember seeing her once somewhere. ③我后悔没有努力工作。 I regret not working hard. ④听说你妹妹病了，我很遗憾。 I regret to hear of your sister's being ill. ⑤有这么多工作要做，我不能帮着打扫房子。 I can't help to clean the house with so much work to do. ⑥一想到他给她讲的笑话，她就忍不住笑了。 She can't help laughing at the thought of the joke he told her. 三、非谓语动词作表语 (一)动词­ing形式作表语 1．作表语的动词­ing形式所体现的是名词的特性，用于对主语的内容进行解释说明，可表示抽象或习惯上的动作，且主语和表语可以换位。 Our work is serving the people. 我们的工作是为人民服务。 2．作表语的动词­ing形式是形容词性的，表示主语的性质或特征，这时通常看作是形容词，且主语与表语不可换位。 His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected. 他在决赛中的胜利没有我想象的那么令人信服。 [对点集训5] 单句语法填空 ①It is quite a moving(move) story，isn't it? ②Their job is putting(put) these parts together. ③Now I know that for some people this might be quet a frightening(frighten) thing to do，but it is perfectly safe. (二)过去分词作表语 1．过去分词可放在系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become，stay等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 Everyone got excited at the news. 听到这个消息每个人都感到兴奋。 Don't touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子因为它是破的。 2．过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感觉、感受或事物自身的状态；动词­ing形式作表语则多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。 We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。 His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 [对点集训6] 单句语法填空 ①She was moved by his moving speech.(move) ②They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.(frighten) ③The chairman announced the exciting news in an excited voice.(excite) (三)不定式作表语 1．不定式(短语)可以放在系动词后作表语。 My wish is to become a famous pianist. 我的愿望就是成为一名著名的钢琴家。 2．不定式作表语和不定式表示将来的区别 不定式作表语，可以表示计划、安排、目的、结果、愿望、禁止、征询意见等。还可以表示发生在将来的某一次具体动作。 His ambition is to set up schools for children of poor families. 他的志向是为贫困家庭的孩子们建立学校。 The government is to set up schools for children of poor families. 政府将要为贫困家庭的孩子们建立学校。 不定式作表语时主动形式表被动意义，常用的这类动词有blame(责备)，seek(寻找)，let(出租)等。 This house is to let. 此房出租。 As far as I can judge，all of them are to blame. 依我看，他们都应承担责任。 [对点集训7] 单句语法填空 ①It is important to remember when you're trying to get along with people who are very difficult or seem to be ignoring(ignore) you；everyone is just doing the best that they can. ②He is children's books editor，whose job is to sort(sort) through thousands of new titles published each year and select the very best ones in The Times. ③The goal of this activity is to meet(meet) the needs of common people. 四、非谓语动词作定语 定语形式 功能 动词­ing形式一般式doing 表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中 动词­ing形式一般式的被动结构being done 表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中 过去分词一般式done 表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成 动词不定式to do 表示将要发生的动作 动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done 表示将要被做的动作 (一)动词不定式作定语 1．当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级以及the next，the only，the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.我真的很想采访杨利伟，不仅因为他是第一个去太空的中国人，他也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。 He would be the last to agree to the plan. 他绝不会同意这个计划。 2．动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。 He made an attempt to overcome his weakness. 他努力克服自身的弱点。 3．动词不定式作定语，常位于所修饰的名词、代词后，表示将来要发生的动作。 We need someone to help with the work. 我们需要有人来帮忙做这份工作。 4．there be句型中，作主语的名词后常接不定式作定语。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 5．不及物动词构成的不定式作定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。 I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支钢笔写字。 [名师点津] to be done，done和being done作定语时的区别 (1)to be done表示是被动的且是将来的动作。 (2)done表示的是被动的且是已完成的动作。 (3)being done表示的是被动的且是正在进行的动作。 [对点集训8] 单句语法填空 ①His first book to be published(publish) next month is based on a true story. ②Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one to be repaired(repair) first is the library. ③The freeway being built(build) will lead to the city. (二)动词­ing形式/过去分词作定语 1．及物动词的动词­ing/过去分词作定语 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用动词­ing形式；当被修饰的名词与动词­ing形式/过去分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。 a walking stick　拐杖 a reading room 阅览室 a sleeping car 卧铺车 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。 The park was full of people，enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动) We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行) The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成) 2．不及物动词的动词­ing形式/过去分词作定语 动词­ing形式表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表示被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表示正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表示完成) [名师点津] 动词­ing形式、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：动词­ing形式表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；动词­ed形式表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。 You should adapt to the changing situation. 你应该适应不断变化的形势。 The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。 I'm looking for a room to live in. 我正在找房子住。 [对点集训9] 单句语法填空 ①Our school went on an organized(organize) trip last week. ②My English teacher has a very practical teaching(teaching) method. ③There's a note pinned to the door saying(say) when the shop will open again. 五、非谓语动词作状语 (一)不定式作状语 1．作结果状语 (1)不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的或不好的结果，表示的动作发生在谓语动作之后时通常用一般式。 Few days later he came back to find that the troops had left. 几天之后他回来了，却发现部队已经离开了。 (2)不定式前常有only或just，而且不定式前可加上其自身的逻辑主语(for...)。 He tried his best to prepare for the context，only to be told it was cancelled. 他全力以赴地为这次竞赛做准备，结果却被告知竞赛取消了。 He earned a lot of money only for his son to squander it. 他赚了很多钱，却被儿子挥霍一空。 2．作目的状语 不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 3．作原因状语 (1)常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词(过去分词)＋to do”结构中。 形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 (2)常用于“主语(物)＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。 这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。 [对点集训10] 完成句子 ①她母亲计划每年至少四次飞到北京去看她。 Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year to visit her. ②汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入了高空。 Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky. ③这台机器很容易操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。 This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (二)动词­ing形式/过去分词作状语 动词­ing形式表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。 1．作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。 Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ＝When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different order. 被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。 2．作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。 Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it. ＝Because he didn't understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it. 因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。 Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged. ＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged. 由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。 3．作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem. ＝If I'm given another hour，I can also work out the problem. 如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。 4．作结果状语常用动词­ing形式表示自然而然的结果，前可接thus。 More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。 5．作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible. ＝One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。 6．作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. ＝Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. 虽然被警告危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。 [对点集训11] 单句语法填空 ①Taking(take) part in the activity，you will share your photos with more people. ②Devoting(devote) herself to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter. ③Devoted (devote) to bringing up the secret of nature，the young scientist has little time for entertainment. 六、非谓语动词作宾语补足语 (一)不定式作宾语补足语 有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋sb＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有： advise建议　allow允许 ask询问；要求 beg乞求 cause导致 encourage鼓励 expect期望 forbid禁止 force强迫 intend意欲 invite邀请 order订购 persuade说服 prefer喜爱 require需要 teach教 remind提醒 tell告诉 want想要 warn警告 wish想要 wait for等待 depend on依靠 call on号召；要求The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。 He depends on you to help him with his English. 他指望你帮助他学英语。 [对点集训12] 完成句子 ①如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。 If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. ②当我正要放弃时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。 I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on. ③他尽力劝说我戒烟，但是没有用。 He tried to persuade me to give up smoking，but in vain. (二)动词­ing形式/过去分词作宾语补足语 1．动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示主动、进行。 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。 2．过去分词作宾语补足语时，表示被动、完成。 He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。 [对点集训13] 单句语法填空 ①With all fans singing(sing) together，he felt so proud. ②If you leave the water running(run) when you don't use it，you are wasting. ③I would prefer all the difficulties in the books marked(mark)． (三)非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补 1．感官动词see，watch，observe，hear，notice等的宾补有以下形式(以see为例)： (1)see sb do sth看见某人做了某事 I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 (2)see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事 The suspect was seen entering the building. 有人看见疑犯进入了大楼。 (3)see sb/sth done看见某人/某物被…… Back from his two­year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 在非洲提供了两年的医疗服务，李医生回来后十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。 2．常见的使役动词有四个：have，make，let，get，表示“使，让”的含义。 (1)have/make/let sb do sth以及get sb to do sth表示“让/使某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。 The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school. ＝The teacher got some students to stay in the classroom after school. 放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。 (2)have/get＋sb/sth＋doing sth让某人/某物一直做某事 He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry. 他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 (3)have/get/make＋宾语＋done让……被……/遭遇某事(强调被动性动作) I'll have/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。 He had his wallet stolen on his way home. 在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。 [对点集训14] 完成句子 ①我突然感到自己被重重地打了一拳。 I suddenly felt myself being hit by a heavy fist. ②我发现一个乞丐站在门口。 I found a beggar standing at the door. ③我们白天不应该开着灯。 We shouldn't keep our lights burning in the day. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Great attention must be paid to developing(develop) welfare，especially in the poor areas. 2．You can imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed(fix) upon me. 3．It was a really terrifying(terrify) experience.Afterwards，everybody was very shocked (shock)． 4．It is no good making(make) an excuse for this. 5．His being(be) careless made him fail the exam. 6．If you think that treating a kid well means always giving(give) him what he wants，you are totally wrong. 7．The boy attempted to move(move) the boat all by himself，but failed. 8．Our goal is to meet(meet) the internationally agreed targets for water and sanitation by 2025，and to build the foundation for further progress in the years beyond. 9．When things go wrong，all of us naturally feel disappointed(disappoint)． 10．Do you want to see the doctor to be sent(send) for from Beijing? 11．At the party，the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself noticed(notice)． 12．The houses being built(build) are for the students. 13．Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees to sell(sell) the wood. 14．If you hand in your homework late，attach a note explaining(explain) the reason for the delay. 15．He hurried to the train station，only to find(find) the train had left. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．否认这一点就是无视事实。 Denying this will be shutting one's eyes to fact. 2．他似乎买了这本新书。 He seems to have bought the new book. 3．不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 It is no use complaining without taking action. 4．天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。 They prefer staying indoors when it is cold. 5．今晚你想待在家里吗？ Would you prefer to stay at home this evening? 6．我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。 I have never dreamed of visiting that place. 7．汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。 Tom began to learn/learning how to use a computer. 8．他已经习惯住在乡下了。 He has got used to living in the countryside. 9．玩火是危险的。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 10．他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。 He has a chance and has become the first to go abroad in our town. 11．因长时间被忽视，这个男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。 Having been ignored for a long time，the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out. 12．如果给予我们足够的时间，我们一定能做好。 Given enough time，we are sure to do it well. 13．在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother. 14．我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。 I felt someone patting me on the shoulder. 15．公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。 The bus stopped to pick up passengers. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Many people advocate building(build) more hospitals. 2．I bent(bend) down and picked up the pen lying on the road. 3．Modern poets wanted to break with all the traditional forms of poetry. 4．They claim to have(have) a 40% worldwide market share. 5．It is my belief(believe) that he will succeed in carrying out the experiment. 6．To save(save) energy，we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March. 7．While she was in Kenya，she would hear strange noises made(make) by Mlaika after sunset. 8．Did you see the boy dancing(dance) with the girl? 9．It was amazing(amaze) that our class won second place and our efforts paid off. 10．He never remembered to lock(lock) the door when he went out. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．在设定目标时，你一定牢记这些要点。 You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. 2．这也让人们有机会看到新家的样子。 It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. 3．读英文小说以扩大词汇量是个好主意。 It is a good idea to read English novels to enlarge your vocabularies. 4．这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。 With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous. 5．临走时，他对我说：“很抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。” When he left，he said to me，“I'm sorry to have troubled you so much.” Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Caves (洞穴) have a primary appeal—they hold the secrets to our past and are mysterious in and of themselves. ●Mammoth Cave Kentucky，USA The longest cave system in the world lies beneath the Green River Valley in Kentucky and while over 400 miles of passageways have been mapped，it has yet to be fully discovered.The complex limestone labyrinth (石灰岩迷宫) was discovered by humans 4,000 years ago. ●Blue Grotto Capri，Italy Once used as the personal swimming hole for the Roman Emperor Tiberius，this extremely bright sea cave is almost 200 feet long and 82 feet wide.Its unique glow comes from the light entering the small opening to the outside. ●Avshalom Cave Nature Reserve Beit Shemesh，Israel Also known as the Soreq Cave Nature Reserve，Avshalom is considered to be the Rosetta Stone of climate history in the Eastern Mediterranean through the packed stalactites (钟乳石) found in the cave，some of which are over 13 feet long，and are as old as 300,000 years. ●Cave of the Crystals Naica，Mexico This unique cave system in Mexico contains some of the largest natural crystals (水晶) ever found—the longest of which is 39 feet long and 13 feet thick.However，it is rarely explored due to logistical difficulties: it is extremely hot due to its location above a volcanic vent，and the huge crystals block also block the passage. [语篇解读]　这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍世界著名的几大洞穴。 1．Where does the longest cave lie in? A．Kentucky，USA.　　　 B．Capri，Italy. C．Beit Shemesh，Israel. D．Naica，Mexico. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章Mammoth Cave部分内容“The longest cave system in the world lies beneath the Green River Valley in Kentucky...(世界上最长的洞穴系统位于肯塔基州的绿河谷下面……)”可知，世界上最长的洞穴是位于美国肯塔基州的猛犸洞穴。故选A。 答案　A 2．Avshalom is famous as . A．the most beautiful cave B．the Soreq Cave Nature Reserve C．the Emperor's swimming hole D．over 400 miles of passage 解析　细节理解题。根据文章Avshalom Cave Nature Reserve部分内容“Also known as the Soreq Cave Nature Reserve...(也被称为Soreq洞穴自然保护区……)”可知，阿夫沙洛姆洞穴自然保护区以被称为Soreq洞穴自然保护区而出名。故选B。 答案　B 3．Which cave includes the largest natural crystals? A．Cave of the Crystals. B．Blue Grotto. C．Mammoth Cave. D．Avshalom Cave Nature Reserve. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章Cave of the Crystals部分内容“This unique cave system in Mexico contains some of the largest natural crystals ever found(墨西哥这个独特的洞穴系统包含了一些迄今为止发现的最大的天然水晶)”可知，最大的水晶在墨西哥的水晶洞里发现。故选A。 答案　A B Many Chinese people have awakened their interest in classical Chinese poetry recently thanks to a popular TV show that aims to “appreciate classical Chinese poetry，explore cultural genes and enjoy the beauty of life” by combining traditional literary form with light­hearted TV quizzes. The ten­episode “Chinese Poetry Competition”，since its broadcast，has been praised for injecting vitality(活力) into TV programs with fantastic performances of contestants，impressive comments from judges as well as its innovative interactive mode.In the show，poems can be adapted into songs or depicted(描绘) through artistic pictures.Any contestant who can memorize the largest number of poems may not necessarily be the final winner，while fast reaction and usage of poems matter a lot more in the competition. Wu Yishu，a 16­year­old student from the High School Attached to Fudan University in Shanghai，is the champion of this season.Her rich knowledge of classical poetry impressed everyone and she rose to become famous online.In an earlier episode，Wu wowed the audience when performing in a section.She amazingly recited lines from the Classic of Poetry(《诗经》)，the earliest collection of poems in China. “Learning poems isn't about winning or losing.The power of poetry lies in shaping one's view of life and developing one's inner world，” said Li Bo，an expert guest at the Chinese Poetry Competition's second season. When it comes to teaching people about poetry，Li Dingguang，the show's academic advisor，suggested that teachers should explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetic(审美的) and emotional sides，and guide students to lose themselves in the poems' rhythmic and rhyming(押韵的) lines. “Although the proportion(比例) of ancient Chinese poems in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased，many students still learn them for exams，” Li Dingguang said.“Therefore，it's important to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry.” [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一档电视节目唤起了人们对中国古典诗歌的兴趣。 4．The TV show has been produced to . A．appreciate classical Chinese poetry and cherish our traditional culture B．shape people's view of life and develop their inner world C．help students learn poems for exams D．explore cultural genes and enjoy classical Chinese poetry and life 解析　根据“thanks to a popular TV show that aims to ‘appreciate classical Chinese poetry，explore cultural genes and enjoy the beauty of life’ by combining traditional literary form with light­hearted TV quizzes.”可知这档电视节目被创作是为了探索文化基因和欣赏中国古典诗歌和生活。 答案　D 5．What do we know about the TV show? A．Only by memorizing as many poems as possible can a contestant win the quiz. B．Poems can be adapted into any form of art in the show. C．The TV show has aroused people's interest in classical Chinese poetry. D．Fantastic performances of contestants matter most. 解析　根据“Many Chinese people have awakened their interest in classical Chinese poetry recently”可知这档电视节目唤起了人们对中国古典诗歌的兴趣。 答案　C 6．Which of the following may Li Dingguang agree with? A．The beauty of the poetry should be explained more from the aesthetic and emotional sides. B．Students should memorize the poems' rhythmic and rhyming lines. C．The main duty of teachers is to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry. D．There will be more and more ancient Chinese poems in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools. 解析　根据“When it comes to teaching people about poetry，Li Dingguang，the show's academic advisor，suggested that teachers should explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetic (审美的) and emotional sides”可知Li Dingguang认为诗歌的美更多的应该从审美和情感方面来解释。 答案　A 7．The underlined word “wowed” in the third paragraph probably means . A．excited B．impressed C．puzzled D．inspired 解析　根据“In an earlier episode，Wu wowed the audience when performing in a section.”可猜出“wowed”的意思是留下深刻印象。 答案　B Ⅱ.完形填空 I was about to explain the meaning of the word “gossamer” (小蜘蛛网) to my five­year­old students.We were learning a poem.I 1 because one of them was waving his hand at me. “Yes？” I asked. “Once I got caught in a spider web 2 I didn't see it，” the boy said. “That's gossamer！” I shouted，nearly jumping up.“Gossamer things are hard to see.” Gossamer is also how I might describe the voices of 3 young children.I can only hear them when I am close enough.They are not the children speaking with ease.They are the children whose faces 4 if I call on them，or whisper (低语) “I don't know” even when they do 5 .I don't want them to 6 .I want them to be comfortable being 7 . Shy children usually have less practice in speaking，especially when there are other more children 8 to talk.It's a loud world.Though shy children may appear 9 to be in the background，they are losing opportunities to participate.Without practice，fear of speaking 10 . It takes about three weeks，a small bit of 11 each day，for each of my 17 students to learn a poem.So far，they have memorized more than five.And now，an obvious 12 has happened.The “shyest” children are as eager to read aloud as the 13 ones. Practice is an excellent way to increase 14 of shy children while learning a poem.And it is practice that makes them enjoy the 15 of the language. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者通过教害羞的孩子背诵诗歌来增加自信，积极和别人交流的故事。 1．A.stopped　　　　　　 B．breathed C．argued D．reflected 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：我停了下来，因为其中一个正在向我挥手。A.stopped停下来；B.breathed呼吸；C.argued争论；D.reflected反映，表达。根据后文“‘Yes？’ I asked.”和一个学生正在朝作者挥手可知，此处指作者停了下来。故选A。 答案　A 2．A.or B．until C．because D．although 解析　考查连词辨析。句意：有一次我被蜘蛛网困住了，因为我没看见。A.or或者；B.until直到；C.because因为；D.although尽管；空前后是因果关系，需用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。 答案　C 3．A.curious B．shy C．intelligent D．anxious 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：我也可以用小蜘蛛网来形容害羞的小孩子的声音。A.curious好奇的；B.shy害羞的；C.intelligent聪明的；D.anxious着急的。根据后文“I can only hear them when I am close enough.”可知，因为声音很小，只有靠近才能听见，由此可知，此处指害羞的小孩子声音。故选B。 答案　B 4．A.round B．blue C．red D．strange 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：这些孩子，我一叫他们，他们的脸就会红。A.round圆的；B.blue蓝色的；C.red红色的；D.strange奇怪的。根据常识可知，因为这些孩子害羞，所以一叫他们，他们脸会红。故选C。 答案　C 5．A.play B．ask C．walk D．know 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：或者小声说“我不知道”，即使他们知道。A.play玩耍；B.ask问；C.walk行走；D.know知道。根据副词even和前后对比可知，因为这些孩子害羞，即使他们知道问题的答案，也会说不知道。故选D。 答案　D 6．A.get up B．take up C．turn up D．give up 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不希望他们放弃。A.get up起床； B．take up占据；C.turn up出现；D.give up放弃。根据后文“I want them to be comfortable...”可知，作者想要帮助这些孩子，不想让他们放弃。故选D。 答案　D 7．A.focused B．respected C．heard D．told 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：我希望他们能自在地被倾听。A.focused聚集；B.respected尊重；C.heard听到；D.told告诉。前文说这些孩子不敢大声说话，所以此处作者希望这些孩子能自在地被倾听。故选C。 答案　C 8．A.eager B．slow C．careful D．worried 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：害羞的孩子通常很少练习说话，特别是当有更多的孩子渴望说话的时候。A.eager渴望的；B.slow慢的；C.careful仔细的；D.worried着急的。前文说害羞的孩子很少说话，空处应用形容词eager，表示其他孩子渴望说话，前后形成鲜明对比。故选A。 答案　A 9．A.embarrassed B．puzzled C．amazed D．satisfied 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然害羞的孩子似乎满足于待在幕后，但他们正在失去参与的机会。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.amazed惊讶的；D.satisfied满足的。根据空后“they are losing opportunities to participate”可知，这些孩子满足于现状，所以正在失去参与说话的机会。故选D。 答案　D 10．A.hides B．grows C．disappears D．falls 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：没有练习，说话的恐惧就会增加。A.hides隐藏；B.grows增加；C.disappears消失；D.falls落下。根据前文“Without practice”描述可知，因为没有练习，所以这些孩子对于说话的恐惧增加了。故选B。 答案　B 11．A.research B．practice C．benefit D．discussion 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：要让我的17个学生每人学会一首诗，需要三个星期的时间，每天练习一点点。A.research研究；B.practice练习；C.benefit好处；D.discussion讨论。根据前文“practice”可知，要让我的17个学生每人学会一首诗，需要三个星期的时间，每天练习一点点。故选B。 答案　B 12．A.accident B．change C．debate D．event 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：现在，一个明显的变化发生了。A.accident事故；B.change改变； C．debate辩论；D.event事件。根据后文“The ‘shyest’ children are as eager to read aloud”可知，孩子们发生了改变。故选B。 答案　B 13．A.healthy B．familiar C．outgoing D．impressive 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：“最害羞的”孩子和外向的孩子一样渴望大声朗读。A.healthy健康的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.outgoing外向的；D.impressive印象深刻的。此处需用形容词outgoing与前文的shyest对应。故选C。 答案　C 14．A.excitement B．pressure C．resource D．confidence 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：当学习一首诗歌时，练习是一个很好的方法来增加害羞的孩子的信心。A.excitement兴奋，激动；B.pressure压力；C.resource来源；D.confidence自信。根据“Practice is an excellent way ”可知这些孩子害羞，所以此处指练习增加他们的自信心。故选D。 答案　D 15．A.beauty B．method C．trouble D．speed 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：正是实践使他们享受到语言的美。A.beauty美；B.method方法；C.trouble困难，麻烦；D.speed速度。可知孩子们不再害羞了，能自信地交流了，所以他们能感受到语言的美。故选A。 答案　A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $