Unit 5 Sports and sportsmanship.同步词汇笔记 2024-2025学年沪外教版（2024）七年级英语下册

沪外教版 七下UNIT 5 Sports and sportsmanship.同步词汇笔记 序号 单词 词形变化 派生词 核心考点 例句 1 sportsmanship /'spɔ:tsmənʃɪp/ n. 体育精神 不可数名词，无单复数变化 N/A good sportsmanship 良好的体育精神；show sportsmanship 展现体育精神 1. Good sportsmanship helps us get along with teammates. 良好的体育精神有助于我们和队友相处。2. We should respect the rules and keep sportsmanship. 我们应该尊重规则，秉持体育精神。 2 shake /ʃeɪk/ v. 握手 过去式：shook；过去分词：shaken；第三人称单数：shakes N/A shake hands (with sb) （和某人）握手；shake one's head 摇头 1. He shook hands with the coach after the game. 比赛后，他和教练握了手。2. My father often shakes his head when he disagrees. 我爸爸不同意时，经常摇头。 3 rule /ru:l/ n. 规则；规章；条例 复数：rules ruler /'ru:lə(r)/ n. 尺子；统治者（初中常见“尺子”义） follow the rules 遵守规则；break the rules 违反规则；school rules 校规 1. All students must follow the school rules. 所有学生都必须遵守校规。2. Don't break the rules of the game, or you'll be punished. 不要违反比赛规则，否则你会受罚。 4 respect /rɪ'spekt/ v. 遵守；n. 尊敬；敬意；尊重 动词过去式/过去分词：respected；第三人称单数：respects；名词复数：respects respectful /rɪ'spektfl/ adj. 恭敬的，尊重他人的 1. v.：respect the rules 遵守规则；respect sb 尊重某人2. n.：show respect for sb 对某人表示尊重；have respect for sb 尊敬某人 1. We should respect our parents and teachers. 我们应该尊重父母和老师。2. She shows great respect for the old man. 她对那位老人表现出极大的敬意。 5 judge /dʒʌdʒ/ n. 裁判员；评判员 复数：judges；动词（判断）过去式/过去分词：judged N/A a football judge 足球裁判员；the judges of the competition 比赛的评判员 1. The judge blew the whistle to end the match. 裁判员吹响哨子结束了比赛。2. There are three judges in this singing competition. 这次歌唱比赛有三位评判员。 6 encourage /ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ/ v. 鼓励；支持 过去式/过去分词：encouraged；第三人称单数：encourages encouragement /ɪn'kʌrɪdʒmənt/ n. 鼓励 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事；give sb encouragement 给某人鼓励 1. My teacher often encourages me to speak English. 我的老师经常鼓励我讲英语。2. Her parents' encouragement made her more confident. 父母的鼓励让她更有信心。 7 support /sə'pɔ:t/ v. 支持；鼓励 过去式/过去分词：supported；第三人称单数：supports supportive /sə'pɔ:tɪv/ adj. 支持的，给予帮助的 support sb (in sth) （在某事上）支持某人；support a team 支持某支队伍 1. All my family support me in my hobby. 我的家人都支持我的爱好。2. They went to the stadium to support their favorite team. 他们去体育场支持自己喜欢的队伍。 8 mistake /mɪ'steɪk/ n. 错误，失误 复数：mistakes mistaken /mɪs'teɪkən/ adj. 错误的，误解的 make a mistake 犯错误；make mistakes 犯错误（复数）；mistake A for B 把A误认为B 1. Everyone may make a mistake in life. 生活中每个人都可能犯错误。2. She often mistakes Lucy for Lily because they look alike. 她经常把露西误认为莉莉，因为她们长得像。 9 offer /'ɒfə(r)/ v. 提供；给予 过去式/过去分词：offered；第三人称单数：offers N/A offer to do sth 主动提出做某事；offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物 1. He offered to help me carry the books. 他主动提出帮我搬书。2. My mother offered me a cup of hot milk. 妈妈给我倒了一杯热牛奶。 10 teammate /'ti:mmeɪt/ n. 队友 复数：teammates N/A a good teammate 好队友；work with teammates 和队友合作 1. My teammate helped me when I fell down. 我摔倒时，队友帮了我。2. We need to work closely with our teammates to win the game. 我们需要和队友紧密合作才能赢得比赛。 11 opponent /ə'pəʊnənt/ n. 对手 复数：opponents N/A a strong opponent 强劲的对手；respect one's opponent 尊重对手 1. He beat his opponent in the tennis match. 他在网球比赛中击败了对手。2. Even if we win, we should respect our opponents. 即使我们赢了，也应该尊重对手。 12 even if 短语 即使；纵然；虽然 无词形变化 N/A even if 引导让步状语从句（= even though） 1. Even if it rains, we will still go to the park. 即使下雨，我们还是会去公园。2. She will try her best even if she knows it's hard. 即使知道很难，她还是会尽全力。 13 star /stɑ:(r)/ n. 明星；体坛高手 复数：stars N/A a sports star 体坛明星；a movie star 电影明星 1. He wants to be a sports star when he grows up. 他长大后想成为一名体坛明星。2. This basketball star is very popular with young people. 这位篮球明星很受年轻人欢迎。 14 shine /ʃaɪn/ v. 闪光；出色 过去式/过去分词：shone；第三人称单数：shines shiny /'ʃaɪni/ adj. 闪亮的，发光的 shine brightly 明亮地闪光；shine in sth 在某事上表现出色 1. The sun shone brightly in the sky this morning. 今天早上太阳在天空中明亮地照耀着。2. She shines in every school sports meeting. 她在每次学校运动会上都表现出色。 15 bright /braɪt/ adv. 光亮地；明亮地（注：亦作adj. 明亮的；聪明的，初中常用adj. 义） 形容词比较级：brighter；最高级：brightest；副词比较级：more brightly；最高级：most brightly brightly /'braɪtli/ adv. 明亮地（副词形式，与原词adv. 义一致，可补充adj. 派生词） 1. adj.：bright light 明亮的光线；bright future 光明的未来2. adv.：shine brightly 明亮地发光 1. The room is bright with many windows. 这个房间有很多窗户，很明亮。2. The moon shone brightly last night. 昨晚月亮明亮地照耀着。 16 rank /ræŋk/ v. 把……分等级；属于某等级 过去式/过去分词：ranked；第三人称单数：ranks；名词（等级）复数：ranks N/A rank...as... 把……列为……；rank first 排名第一 1. This school is ranked as one of the best in the city. 这所学校被列为全市最好的学校之一。2. He ranked first in the math exam last term. 上学期他在数学考试中排名第一。 17 face /feɪs/ v. 面临 过去式/过去分词：faced；第三人称单数：faces；名词（脸；面孔）复数：faces N/A face difficulties 面临困难；face a problem 面对一个问题；in the face of 面对（困境等） 1. We must face difficulties bravely. 我们必须勇敢地面对困难。2. She faced a big problem when she moved to a new school. 她转到新学校时，面临一个大问题。 18 effort /'efət/ n. 努力；艰难的尝试 复数：efforts N/A make an effort to do sth 努力做某事；spare no effort 不遗余力；with effort 努力地 1. He made a lot of effort to pass the exam. 他为了通过考试付出了很多努力。2. We should spare no effort to help people in need. 我们应该不遗余力地帮助有需要的人。 19 unexpected /ˌʌnɪk'spektɪd/ adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的 比较级：more unexpected；最高级：most unexpected 1. expect /ɪk'spekt/ v. 期待；预料2. expected /ɪk'spektɪd/ adj. 预期的 an unexpected result 出乎意料的结果；an unexpected visit 意外的拜访 1. The news gave us an unexpected surprise. 这个消息给了我们一个意外的惊喜。2. He met an old friend during his unexpected trip. 他在一次意外的旅行中遇到了一位老朋友。 20 spare /speə(r)/ adj. 备用的；空闲的 形容词无比较级最高级（义为“备用的”时）；动词（抽出，留出）过去式/过去分词：spared N/A spare time 空闲时间；a spare pen 一支备用钢笔；spare sth for sb 为某人抽出某物 1. I usually read books in my spare time. 我通常在空闲时间看书。2. Can you spare a few minutes to help me? 你能抽出几分钟帮我吗？ 21 allow /ə'laʊ/ v. 允许；准许 过去式/过去分词：allowed；第三人称单数：allows N/A allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事；be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事 1. My parents don't allow me to watch TV late. 我父母不允许我看很晚的电视。2. Students are allowed to use dictionaries in this exam. 这次考试允许学生使用词典。 22 rush /rʌʃ/ v. 迅速移动；急促 过去式/过去分词：rushed；第三人称单数：rushes；名词（匆忙）复数：rushes N/A rush to do sth 匆忙做某事；rush to sp 冲向某地；in a rush 匆忙地 1. They rushed to the hospital when they heard the news. 听到消息后，他们冲向了医院。2. Don't be in a rush, we still have time. 别着急，我们还有时间。 23 locker room /'lɒkə ru:m/ n. 更衣室，衣物间 复数：locker rooms N/A in the locker room 在更衣室里；clean the locker room 打扫更衣室 1. The players changed their clothes in the locker room. 运动员们在更衣室里换了衣服。2. Our class is responsible for cleaning the locker room this week. 这周我们班负责打扫更衣室。 24 match /mætʃ/ n. 比赛；竞赛 复数：matches；动词（匹配）过去式/过去分词：matched N/A a football match 足球比赛；a tennis match 网球比赛；watch a match 看比赛 1. There will be a basketball match between our school and theirs. 我们学校和他们学校将有一场篮球比赛。2. My father and I watched a football match on TV last night. 昨晚我和爸爸在电视上看了一场足球比赛。 25 chance /tʃɑ:ns/ n. （尤指希望发生的事的）可能性 复数：chances N/A have a chance to do sth 有机会做某事；by chance 偶然；a good chance 好机会 1. I have a chance to visit Beijing next month. 下个月我有机会去北京参观。2. They met each other by chance in the street. 他们在街上偶然相遇。 26 advantage /əd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ/ n. 有利条件；优势 复数：advantages disadvantage /ˌdɪsəd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ/ n. 不利条件；劣势 have an advantage over 比……有优势；take advantage of 利用 1. He has an advantage over others because he speaks English well. 他英语说得好，所以比别人有优势。2. We should take advantage of every chance to learn. 我们应该利用每一个学习的机会。 27 situation /ˌsɪtʃu'eɪʃn/ n. 情况；形势；局面 复数：situations N/A in this situation 在这种情况下；a difficult situation 困难的局面 1. We need to think of a way to solve this situation. 我们需要想办法解决这种局面。2. In dangerous situations, we should keep calm. 在危险的情况下，我们应该保持冷静。 28 kindness /'kaɪndnəs/ n. 仁慈；体贴 不可数名词，无单复数变化 kind /kaɪnd/ adj. 善良的；友好的 show kindness to sb 对某人表示体贴；act with kindness 以仁慈行事 1. Her kindness made everyone like her. 她的体贴让所有人都喜欢她。2. We should show kindness to animals. 我们应该对动物表现出仁慈。 29 federation /ˌfedə'reɪʃn/ n. （俱乐部、工会等的）联合会 复数：federations N/A the International Olympic Federation 国际奥林匹克联合会；a sports federation 体育联合会 1. The federation will hold a meeting next week. 联合会下周将召开一次会议。2. He works in a local sports federation. 他在当地的一个体育联合会工作。 30 fair play /ˌfeə 'pleɪ/ n. 按规则比赛；公平办事 无单复数变化（短语） N/A play with fair play 按规则比赛；believe in fair play 相信公平办事 1. Fair play is more important than winning the game. 按规则比赛比赢得比赛更重要。2. All players should follow fair play in the competition. 所有运动员在比赛中都应该遵守公平原则。 31 news agency /'nju:z 'eɪdʒənsi/ n. 通讯社 复数：news agencies N/A a world-famous news agency 世界著名的通讯社；work for a news agency 为一家通讯社工作 1. This story was reported by a famous news agency. 这个故事是由一家著名通讯社报道的。2. His father works as a reporter in a news agency. 他爸爸在一家通讯社当记者。 32 treat /tri:t/ v. 对待；看待 过去式/过去分词：treated；第三人称单数：treats；名词（款待）复数：treats treatment /'tri:tmənt/ n. 治疗；对待 treat sb well/badly 善待/虐待某人；treat sth as... 把……看作……；treat sb to sth 请某人吃某物 1. We should treat everyone equally. 我们应该平等对待每一个人。2. My mother treated me to ice cream after I finished my homework. 我做完作业后，妈妈请我吃了冰淇淋。 33 real /'ri:əl/ adj. 真正的；名副其实的 比较级：more real；最高级：most real 1. really /'ri:əli/ adv. 真正地；实际上2. reality /ri'æləti/ n. 现实；实际 real life 现实生活；a real friend 真正的朋友；really important 真正重要的 1. This is a story from real life, not a movie. 这是一个来自现实生活的故事，不是电影。2. He is really good at playing the piano. 他真的很擅长弹钢琴。 34 European /ˌjuərə'pi:ən/ adj. 欧洲的；n. 欧洲人 形容词无比较级最高级；名词复数：Europeans Europe /'jʊərəp/ n. 欧洲 a European country 欧洲国家；European culture 欧洲文化；a European 一个欧洲人 1. France is a famous European country. 法国是一个著名的欧洲国家。2. My new pen pal is a European from Germany. 我的新笔友是一个来自德国的欧洲人。 35 German /'dʒɜ:mən/ adj. 德国的；n. 德国人；德语 形容词无比较级最高级；名词复数（德国人）：Germans；（德语，不可数）无复数 Germany /'dʒɜ:məni/ n. 德国 German food 德国食物；a German 一个德国人；speak German 说德语 1. My uncle worked in Germany for three years. 我叔叔在德国工作了三年。2. This German student is very interested in Chinese history. 这个德国学生对中国历史很感兴趣。 36 the Olympics /ə'lɪmpɪks/ (the Olympic Games) n. 奥林匹克运动会 专有名词，无复数变化（常与the连用） Olympic /ə'lɪmpɪk/ adj. 奥林匹克的 take part in the Olympics 参加奥林匹克运动会；the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会（同义短语） 1. Many athletes dream of taking part in the Olympics. 很多运动员梦想参加奥林匹克运动会。2. The 2008 Olympics were held in Beijing. 2008年奥林匹克运动会在北京举行。 37 reason /'ri:zn/ n. 原因；理由 复数：reasons reasonable /'ri:znəbl/ adj. 合理的；有道理的 the reason for... ……的原因；a reason to do sth 做某事的理由；reasonable advice 合理的建议 1. What's the reason for your late arrival? 你迟到的原因是什么？2. He has a good reason to refuse the invitation. 他有充分的理由拒绝这个邀请。 38 lead /li:d/ v. 率领；处于领先地位；n. 范例；榜样 动词过去式/过去分词：led；第三人称单数：leads；名词复数：leads 1. leader /'li:də(r)/ n. 领导者；领袖2. leading /'li:dɪŋ/ adj. 领先的；主要的 1. v.：lead a team 率领一支队伍；lead in the race 在比赛中领先2. n.：set a good lead 树立好榜样；a leading role 主导作用 1. He led his team to win the championship. 他率领他的队伍赢得了冠军。2. The teacher asked us to follow the lead of the good students. 老师让我们以好学生为榜样。 39 importance /ɪm'pɔ:tns/ n. 重要性 不可数名词，无单复数变化 important /ɪm'pɔ:tnt/ adj. 重要的 the importance of... ……的重要性；attach importance to 重视 1. We should know the importance of saving water. 我们应该知道节约用水的重要性。2. Parents always attach importance to their children's education. 父母总是重视孩子的教育。 40 achieve /ə'tʃi:v/ v. 实现；（尤指经过努力）达到 过去式/过去分词：achieved；第三人称单数：achieves achievement /ə'tʃi:vmənt/ n. 成就；成绩 achieve one's goal 实现某人的目标；achieve success 获得成功；a great achievement 伟大的成就 1. She worked hard to achieve her dream of becoming a doctor. 她努力工作，实现了成为一名医生的梦想。2. His achievements in science are well-known. 他在科学领域的成就很有名。 41 superhero /'su:pəhɪərəʊ/ n. 超级英雄 复数：superheroes N/A a popular superhero 受欢迎的超级英雄；superhero movies 超级英雄电影 1. Many children like to dress up as superheroes on Halloween. 很多孩子喜欢在万圣节打扮成超级英雄。2. This superhero movie is very popular with teenagers. 这部超级英雄电影很受青少年欢迎。 42 mainly /'meɪnli/ adv. 主要地 比较级：more mainly；最高级：most mainly main /meɪn/ adj. 主要的 mainly because 主要因为；main reason 主要原因；mainly about 主要关于 1. He is mainly interested in English and math. 他主要对英语和数学感兴趣。2. The story is mainly about a boy's adventure. 这个故事主要讲的是一个男孩的冒险经历。 43 action /'ækʃn/ n. 行动 复数：actions 1. act /ækt/ v. 行动；表演；n. 行为2. active /'æktɪv/ adj. 积极的；活跃的3. activity /æk'tɪvəti/ n. 活动 take action 采取行动；in action 在行动中；active in sth 在某事上积极；after-school activities 课外活动 1. We must take action to protect the environment. 我们必须采取行动保护环境。2. She is very active in school activities. 她在学校活动中非常积极。 44 reaction /ri'ækʃn/ n. 反应；回应 复数：reactions react /ri'ækt/ v. 反应；作出回应 one's reaction to sth 某人对某事的反应；react to sth 对某事作出反应 1. What was his reaction to the good news? 他对这个好消息的反应是什么？2. Most people reacted happily to the new policy. 大多数人对新政策作出了积极的反应。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $