精品解析：2025年黑龙江省职教高考适应性测试题中职英语试卷（4）

黑龙江省职教高考·适应性测试题（4） 《 英 语 》 第I卷 选择题（共60分） 一、知识运用（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分） I. 词汇与语法知识（30分） 在每小题列出的A、B、C、D四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的最佳选项，选出正确答案。 1. There ________ exhibitor and two advertisers in the meeting room. A. is a B. is an C. are a D. are an 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致和冠词用法。句意：会议室里有一个参展商和两个广告商。本句是“there be”句型，遵循“就近原则”，即be动词的单复数由离它最近的主语决定。离be动词最近的主语是“exhibitor”，为单数可数名词，因此be动词用单数形式“is”；“exhibitor”是以元音音素开头的单词，前面应用不定冠词“an”修饰。故选B。 2. Two friends of are leaving Beijing tomorrow. A. she; to B. her; for C. hers; to D. mine; for 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查代词辨析和固定搭配介词。句意：我的两位朋友明天将前往北京。she她（人称代词主格，指代单数名词）；her她（人称代词宾格，指代单数名词）、她的（形容词性物主代词，后必须接名词）；hers她的（名词性物主代词，指代单数或复数名词）；mine我的（名词性物主代词，指代单数或复数名词）。分析短语结构“Two friends of ... (……中的两位朋友)”可知，of后所接宾语表范围，意为“某人的朋友们”，Two friends只是这些朋友中的两位，故第一空需用指代复数含义的代词，“hers (指代她的朋友们)”和“mine (指代我的朋友们)”均符合题意；动词短语“leave for sp.”意为“动身去某地”，是固定搭配，用介词for引出目的地，故第二空用介词for。故选D。 3. Lucy is reading an article on ________ in ________. A. Teacher day; student reading room B. Teacher’s Day; the student’s reading room C. Teachers’ Day; the students’ reading room D. the Teacher Day; the student reading room 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词所有格和冠词。句意：露西正在学生阅览室里读一篇关于教师节的文章。第一空，在英语中，表示“教师节”正确表达为“Teachers’ Day”，为专有名词，首字母需大写，应填Teachers’ Day；第二空，“学生阅览室”应用“students’ reading room”，其中reading room为名词，前面需用名词所有格作定语，且此处表示特指，其前需加定冠词the，应填the students’ reading room。故选C。 4. About ________ of the students in our class have read this book. A. two three B. two third C. two thirds D. three quarter 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查分数的表达规则。句意：我们班大约三分之二的学生读过这本书。英语中分数表达需遵循“分子用基数词，分母用序数词”的原则，且当分子大于1时，分母的序数词需用复数形式；“two”是基数词，“third”是序数词，分子“two”大于1，分母需变为“thirds”，即“two thirds”。故选C。 5. When Wu Ming was studying abroad, he lived with ________ who ________ kind and honest. A. the Smiths; were B. Smith; were C. the Smiths; was D. Smiths; was 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定冠词及主谓一致。句意：吴明在国外留学时，曾与史密斯夫妇一起生活，他们都很善良和诚实。“the+姓氏复数”意为“……夫妇”或“一家人”；“who ... kind and honest.”为定语从句，who代指先行词“the Smiths”为复数，所以第二空使用were。故选A。 6. They ________ a basketball match next week. A. have B. will have C. shall have D. going to have 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查一般将来时。句意：下星期他们将有一场篮球赛。根据时间状语next week可知，句子时态应用一般将来时，结构为“will do”或者“be going to do”。故选B。 7. — Have you seen the film Beauty and the Beast ? — Yes. ________ wonderful film it is! A. How B. What C. How a D. What a 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：——你看过电影《美女与野兽》吗？ ——是的。多么精彩的电影啊！分析句子结构可知，主语是it，谓语动词是is，感叹句中心词是单数名词film，符合此题特征的感叹句的表达方式只有一种：What+a/ an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语动词！所以用What a。故选D。 8. It’s more and more important for us ________ English well. A. learn B. learned C. learning D. to learn 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学好英语对我们来说越来越重要。“it is +形容词+ for sb. to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”，it做形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，此处填动词不定式作真正的主语。故选D。 9. It has been 20 years ________ John moved to New York. A. since B. until C. after D. before 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查状从连词。句意：自从约翰搬到纽约以来，已经20年了。A. since自从；B. until直到；C. after在……之后；D. before在……之前。根据“It has been 20 years”可知，此处应表示“自从约翰搬到纽约以来”，应用since引导时间状语从句，“It has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时事件”是英语中常用句型，表示从过去某一动作发生到现在的时间长度。故选A。 10. I didn’t attend the meeting yesterday ________ it rained heavily. A. until B. though C. because D. before 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查状从连词。句意：我昨天没有参加会议，因为雨下得很大。A. until直到；B. though尽管；C. because因为；D. before在……之前。根据句意可知，前后句之间为因果关系，前句为结果，后句为原因，故此处应用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。 11. The room which hasn’t been cleaned for at least four weeks needs ________. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：至少四个星期没打扫的房间需要打扫。当“need”表示“需要”时，如果主语是物，通常接动名词（-ing形式），表示被动含义（即“需要被…”），即need doing = need to be done“需要被做”。故选B。 12. The shirt is different ________ that one ________ style and material. A. from; in B. to; in C. to; between D. from; between 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查介词辨析。句意：这件衬衫和那件款式和料子都不一样。from与……（不同），be different from与……不同，强调的是比较性，即与某个事物在某些方面存在差异；to比，be different to与……不同，强调比较的对象，即与某人或某事相比存在不同之处；in在……方面；between在……之间。根据“style and material”可知，句子表达的是这件衬衫和那件衬衫在款式和材料方面存在差异，应使用be different from结构；表示“在款式和材料方面”应使用介词in。故选A。 13. — May I look at the menu for a little while? — Of course. ________, sir. A. Don’t worry B. It doesn’t matter C. Enjoy yourself D. Take your time 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我可以看一会儿菜单吗？——当然可以。慢慢来，先生。A. Don’t worry别担心；B. It doesn’t matter没关系；C. Enjoy yourself玩得愉快；D. Take your time别着急，慢慢来。根据上文“May I look at the menu for a little while?”可知，是在表示请求，对于请求的回应，D选项符合语境。故选D。 14. Kate was ill last week. But now she is ________ to go to school. A. good enough B. enough good C. well enough D. enough well 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和副词以及enough的用法。句意：凯特上周生病了。但是现在她已经足够好可以上学了。good：好的，形容词；well：身体好的，形容词；enough作副词时，意为“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词时应置于其后。根据“Kate was ill last week”可知，空处应指的是“身体好了”，因此用well enough。故选C。 15. Great changes ________ in the city, and a lot of factories ________ by the end of last year. A. took place; were set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. had taken place; had been set up D. were taken place; set up 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这座城市发生了巨大的变化，并且到去年年底很多工厂已经建成。分析句子可知，两空处是and并列句的谓语，时态应保持一致；根据“by the end of last year”可知， 句子描述的是在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，都应用过去完成时（had done）。故第一空填had taken place；第二空：“factories”和“set up”之间是被动关系，即工厂是被建立的，应用过去完成时的被动语态（had been done），故填had been set up。故选C。 16. I ________ and found they were chatting with each other. A. looking B. look out C. looked around D. looked at 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我环顾四周，发现他们正在聊天。A. looking看，现在分词，不能单独作谓语；B. look out小心；C. looked around环顾四周；D. looked at看，是及物动词短语。分析句子可知，空后与found并列作句子谓语；根据“found they were chatting with each other.”可知，应是我“环顾四周”，发现他们正在聊天。故选C。 17. ________ a new policy should be put into practice in your workplace. A. It said B. It is say C. It is saying that D. It is said that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：据说你们的工作场所将实施一项新政策。固定句型It is said that，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，意思是“据说……”。故选D。 18. Mike, you ________ leave all your books on the floor like this! A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：迈克，你不可以把所有书都像这样丢在地上！mustn’t禁止、不可以，用于表达强烈的禁止或劝阻语气；wouldn’t不会，表过去习惯性否定或意愿；needn’t不需要做某事；may not也许不会，表较弱的推测或禁止。根据“leave all your books on the floor like this”可知，此处表示禁止做某事。故选B。 19. My mother went on ________ the floor without ________ a word. A. sweep; say B. to sweep; to say C. sweeping; say D. sweeping; saying 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈一句话没说就继续扫地了。go on doing sth.意为“继续做某事（同一件事）”，go on to do sth.意为“接着做另一件事”，根据“My mother went on”可知，是指“妈妈继续扫地”，是做同一件事，是考查go on doing sth.，所以第一个空用sweeping；根据“without”可知，介词后面接动词时要用动词的-ing形式，所以第二个空用saying。故选D。 20. Computers are such wonderful machines that they can store ________ information. A. a great deal of B. a great many C. dozens of D. a large number of 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查表数量短语。句意：电脑是如此强大的机器，它们能存储大量信息。A. a great deal of大量的（修饰不可数名词）；B. a great many大量的（修饰可数名词复数）；C. dozens of几十、许多（修饰可数名词复数）；D. a large number of大量的（修饰可数名词复数）。“information”是不可数名词，需用可修饰不可数名词的量词，“a great deal of”符合语境。故选A。 21. We must try our best to work hard ________ we can get a good job in the future. A. so B. in order C. so as to D. in order that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查连词。句意：我们必须尽最大努力努力工作，以便未来能找到一份好工作。A. so因此；B. in order后可接不定式结构或that引导的状语从句表目的；C. so as to为了，后接动词原形；D. in order that为了，后接目的状语从句。分析句子可知，横线后是目的状语从句，所以使用“in order that”。故选D。 22. Please ________ all the powers are turned off when you leave the office. A. be sure of B. make sure C. are you sure D. making sure 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查短语辨析和祈使句。句意：离开办公室时，请确保所有的电源都已关闭。be sure of：确信（后面接名词或者动名词短语）；make sure：确保，务必（可以接从句）。分析句子结构以及句首“Please”可知，此处句子为祈使句，空处动词应为动词原形，空后是完整的从句，应用动词短语make sure。故选B。 23. — Tom, would you like to come to our dinner party? — ________. A. Yes, I would B. Yes, with pleasure C. No, I can’t come D. Sure, it’s my duty 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——汤姆，你愿意来参加我们的晚宴吗？——是的，我很乐意。A. Yes, I would是的，我愿意；B. Yes, with pleasure是的，我很乐意；C. No, I can’t come不，我不能来；D. Sure, it’s my duty当然，这是我的职责。根据“would you like to come to our dinner party?”可知，空处应对对方的邀请作出回应，应表示“接受或拒绝”，“Yes, with pleasure”是接受对方的邀请，符合语境。故选B。 24. — Are you going to Shanghai _______ pleasure? — No, I’ll go to Beijing ________ business. A. on; for B. on; on C. for; on D. for; for 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：——你打算去上海游玩吗？——不，我要去北京出差。固定短语for pleasure“为了消遣；为了玩乐”，根据“Are you going to Shanghai … pleasure”可知，空处表示“为了玩乐”，空处应用介词for；固定短语on business“出差”，根据“I’ll go to Beijing … business.”可知，空处表示“出差”，应用介词on。故选C。 25. Last Saturday, Mr. Green went to the market, ________ some bananas and visited his uncle. A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上个周日格林先生先生去了市场，买了一些香蕉，去看望他的叔叔。根据“Last Saturday”可知，本句为一般过去时，空处与“went”、“visited ”一起并列作句子谓语，词形需保持一致，也应用过去式，buy的过去式是bought。故选A项。 26 The little girl was in danger. The doctors and nurses are doing ________ her. A. what they can do help B. everything they can help C what they can do to help D. all what to help 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句和不定式作目的状语。句意：这个小女孩处于危险之中。医生和护士正在尽他们所能来帮助她。分析句子结构可知，空处需用宾语从句作doing的宾语，从句的谓语动词是do，缺少宾语，所以空处需用连接代词what引导宾语从句；“帮助她”是目的，应用不定式to help作目的状语。故选C。 27. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication. A. have played B. is playing C. are playing D. play 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：电子邮件和电话一样，在日常交流中扮演着重要角色。当主语后接“as well as +其他名词”时，谓语动词的单复数形式由“as well as”前的主语决定；此句中“as well as”前的主语是“E-mail”，为单数，因此谓语动词需用单数形式。故选B。 28. The waste gasses ________ out by cars badly damage the air quality. A. to give B. gave C. give D. given 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汽车排放的废气严重破坏了空气质量。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词damage，空处作非谓语，“The waste gasses”和“give out”之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词作后置定语来修饰“The waste gasses”，表示“被汽车排放出来的废气”。故选D。 29. John was disappointed that the tickets ________ when he ________ to the cinema. A. had sold out; had got B. had sold out; got C. had been sold out; got D. had been sold out; had got 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：约翰到电影院时，票已经卖完了，他很失望。第一空，tickets与sell out之间是被动关系，且sell out的动作发生在was disappointed之前，因此应使用过去完成时的被动语态had been sold out；第二空，get的动作也是在was disappointed那个时间点发生的，因此也应使用一般过去时，get使用过去式got。故选C。 30. I shall never forget those days ________ I spent in the country with the farmers, _________ had a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. which; what C. when; which D. when; that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记和农民们在乡下度过的那些日子，这些日子对我的生活产生了很大的影响。第一个空：“those days”是先行词，在定语从句“I spent in the country with the farmers”中作spent的宾语，当先行词指物且在从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以用that或which；第二个空：这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子“those days I spent in the country with the farmers”，关系代词在从句中作主语，指物且用于非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。故选A。 Ⅱ. 交际用语(10分) 31. — Can I try on this pair of blue jeans? — ________. A. Of course. The fitting room is over there B. No, you can’t C. 170 yuan. They’re on sale now D. The blue jeans fit you very well 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我可以试穿这条蓝色牛仔裤吗？——当然可以。试衣间在那边。A. Of course. The fitting room is over there当然可以。试衣间在那边；B. No，you can’t不，你不能；C. 170 yuan. They’re on sale now. 170元。它们现在正在打折；D. The blue jeans fit you very well这条蓝色牛仔裤很适合你。根据上文“Can I try on this pair of blue jeans?”可知，此处是回答对方是否可以试穿这条蓝色牛仔裤，A选项符合题意。故选A。 32. — Can I pay with my mobile phone? — ________. A. No, you can’t. B. Sure. Please show me your payment code. C. Which one do you like? D. You must pay with the cash. 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我可以用手机付款吗？——当然。请给我看看你的付款代码。A. No, you can’t.不，你不能。；B. Sure. Please show me your payment code.当然。请给我看看你的付款代码。；C. Which one do you like?你喜欢哪一个？；D. You must pay with the cash.你必须用现金支付。根据“Can I pay with my mobile phone?”可知，此处询问是否可以用手机付款，B项既明确回应了可以支付，又给出了后续操作指引，符合语境。故选B。 33. — I think they’re a bit tight. ________? — Yes. Try this pair. A. Do you have a larger size B. Do you have a smaller size C. What other pair did you recommend D. Do you have a purple one 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我觉得它们有点紧。你们有大一点尺码的吗？——有的。试试这双。A. Do you have a larger size你们有大一点尺码的吗；B. Do you have a smaller size你们有小一点尺码的吗；C. What other pair did you recommend你还推荐了其他哪双；D. Do you have a purple one你们有紫色的吗。根据“I think they’re a bit tight.”以及“Yes. Try this pair.”可知，此处想要更大的尺码。故选A。 34. — What do you think about the advantages of online shopping? — ________. A. The quality is bad B. Give me another one C. It can save a lot of time D. You will buy the wrong size 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——您认为网上购物的优势是什么？——它可以节省很多时间。A. The quality is bad质量差；B. Give me another one再给我一个；C. It can save a lot of time它能节省时间；D. You will buy the wrong size你将会买到错误的尺寸。根据“What do you think about the advantages of online shopping?”可知，答语应是讲述网购好的方面，选项C“It can save a lot of time (它可以节省很多时间)”符合语境。故选C。 35. — Hi, Ella. I heard you want to buy some berries, why? — ________. A. Because they are rich in vitamins and good for my health B. Because it is expensive C. Because this is a good place D. Because most of the berries are from China 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——嗨，埃拉。我听说你想买些浆果，为什么？——因为它们富含维生素，对我健康有好处。A. Because they are rich in vitamins and good for my health因为它们富含维生素，对我的健康有好处；B. Because it is expensive因为它很贵；C. Because this is a good place因为这是个好地方；D. Because most of the berries are from China因为大多数浆果都来自中国。根据“I heard you want to buy some berries, why?”可知，此处询问购买的原因，A项明确说明了购买浆果的合理原因，符合健康饮食的常见动机，符合语境。故选A。 36. — Wow, this pink dress is 75 yuan. It’s 25% off! — ________. A. There is no discount. B. What a bad news! C. It’s no use buying a pink dress. D. Really? Its original price is 100 yuan. 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——哇，这件粉红色的裙子75元。打七五折！——真的？它的原价是100元。A. There is no discount.没有折扣。；B. What a bad news!真是个坏消息！；C. It’s no use buying a pink dress.买一件粉红色的裙子是没有用的。；D. Really? Its original price is 100 yuan.真的？它的原价是100元。根据“Wow, this pink dress is 75 yuan. It’s 25% off!”可知，此处是感叹裙子降价了很便宜，D项回应了原价并对此表示惊讶，符合语境。故选D。 37. — Welcome to our shop. Can I help you? — ________. A. Yes, you can help me B. No, thanks C. Yes. Please show me your red sweater D. No. Red coat, please 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——欢迎来到我们商店。我可以帮你吗？——是的。请给我看看你的红色毛衣。A. Yes, you can help me是的，你可以帮助我；B. No, thanks不，谢谢；C. Yes. Please show me your red sweater是的。请给我看看你的红色毛衣；D. No. Red coat, please不。红色外套，谢谢。根据“Welcome to our shop. Can I help you?”可知，店员询问顾客的需求，顾客通常明确表达自己的需求，选项C“Yes. Please show me your red sweater (是的。请给我看看你的红色毛衣)”符合购物的交际逻辑，回应了店员的询问，也给出了自己的需求。故选C。 38. —Here’s your change. —________. A. Thank you B. Don’t mention it C. No problem D. With pleasure 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—这是找你的零钱。—谢谢。A. Thank you谢谢；B. Don’t mention it别提了，用于回答道谢或道歉；C. No problem没问题；D. With pleasure乐意效劳，用于回答求助。根据“Here’s your change.”可知，这是购物时的场景，对方找零钱，可以回答“谢谢”。故选A。 39. — Why do you like history so much? — ________. A. Because I think it is very interesting and useful B. Because it is very boring C. Because it is difficult for me D. Because I think it is very boring and helpless 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你为什么如此喜欢历史？——因为我认为它有趣且有用。A. Because I think it is very interesting and useful因为我认为这非常有趣和有用；B. Because it is very boring因为这很无聊；C. Because it is difficult for me因为它对我来说很难；D. Because I think it is very boring and helpless因为我认为它既无聊又没用。根据“Why do you like history so much”可知询问喜欢的理由，所以答语应是表达好的方面。故选A。 40. — What are your plans for the afternoon? — ________. A. I’ll make a presentation from 1:30 to 3:30 B. The company is holding a meeting from 3:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. C. I’ll reply e-mails from 9:30 to 10:30 D. I plan to have classes from 6:30 to 9:00 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你下午的计划是什么？——我将在1:30到3:30做一个报告。A. I’ll make a presentation from 1:30 to 3:30我将在1:30到3:30做一个报告；B. The company is holding a meeting from 3:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.公司下午3点到4点开会；C. I’ll reply e-mails from 9:30 to 10:30我会在9:30到10:30之间回复邮件；D. I plan to have classes from 6:30 to 9:00我计划从6:30到9:00上课。根据“What are your plans for the afternoon?”可知，答语应回答个人在下午时间段内计划做的事情，由此可知，A项符合语境。故选A。 二、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 阅读下列短文，在每小题列出的A、B、C、D四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的最佳选项，选出正确答案。 （A） In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries of nature. Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods. In reality, lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lightning has 1.6 kilometers long, and has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs (灯泡). The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year, he also built the first lightning rod (避雷针). This device (装置物) protects buildings from being damaged by lightning. Modern science has discovered that one stroke (闪击) of lightning has a voltage (电压) of more than 15 million volts (伏特). A flash of lightning between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers and travels at a speed of 30 million meters per second. Scientists judge that there are about 2 000 million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States alone it kills an average (平均数) of one person every day. The safest place to stay in case of an electrical storm is a closed car. Outside, one should go to the low ground and not get under the trees. Also, one should stay out of the water and away from the metal fences. Inside the house, people should avoid opening doorways and windows and not touching wires or metal things. With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry. 41. People thought lightning came from ________ in the past. A. the sky B. the gods C. the Earth D. the nature 42. According to the passage, what do all the buildings need? A. Metal fences. B. Electricity. C. Lightning rods. D. Machines. 43. Lightning can travel ________. A. as quickly as water B. not so quickly as electricity C. at a low speed D. at a high speed 44. Which of the followings is NOT true? A. In the U.S., about one person dies from lightning per day. B. The Empire State Building frequently gets hit by lightning. C. Swimming during a thunderstorm is a good idea. D. A closed car is the best place to protect yourself during an electrical storm. 45. Lightning is sometimes ________ to human beings. A. harmful B. kind C. useless D. friendly 【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. C 45. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了闪电的相关知识，包括古代人们对闪电的认知、闪电的科学本质、相关科学发现以及雷暴天气中的安全防护措施等。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第一段“Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods. (一些古代人认为雷电是神的武器。)”可知，过去人们认为闪电来自神。故选B。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In the same year, he also built the first lightning rod. This device protects buildings from being damaged by lightning. (同年，他还制造出了第一根避雷针。这种装置能保护建筑物免受闪电的破坏。)”可知，避雷针能保护建筑物免受闪电损坏，由此可指，建筑物需要避雷针。故选C。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“A flash of lightning between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers and travels at a speed of 30 million meters per second. (一朵云与地球之间的一道闪电可能长达13千米，其传播速度为每秒3000万米。)”可知，闪电的传播速度很快。故选D。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Also, one should stay out of the water and away from the metal fences. (此外，人们应该远离水域，并且不要靠近金属围栏。)”可知，雷暴期间不应待在水里，游泳并非好主意。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“ In the United States alone it kills an average (平均数) of one person every day. (仅在美国，闪电平均每天就会夺走一人的生命。)”可知，闪电有时对人类是有害的。故选A。 （B） Although English is not as old as Chinese, it is spoken by many people around the world every day. English speakers are always creating new words, and we are often able to know where most words come from. Sometimes, however, no one may really know where a word comes from. Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, especially when they are not made with ham? About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe. They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg. They did not speak good English, but they ate good food. When some Americans saw them eating round pieces of beef, they asked the Germans what it was. The Germans did not understand the question and answered, “We come from Hamburg.” One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and had an idea. He cooked some round pieces of beef like those that the men from Hamburg ate. Then he put each between two pieces of bread and started selling them. Such bread came to be called “hamburgers”. Today “hamburgers” are sold in many countries around the world. Whether this story is true or not, it is certainly interesting. Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting, too. This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary. 46. According to the writer, English is _______. A. as old as Chinese B. older than German C. not so old as Chinese D. very difficult to learn 47. Hamburg is _________. A. a kind of food B. a city in Germany C. the name of a village D. a round piece of beef 48. We can learn from the passage that _______. A. few Americans like hamburgers B. hamburgers are made with beef C. hamburgers are made with ham D. hamburgers were first sold about a century ago 49. Which of the following can often be found in any large English dictionary? A. Where all the new words come from B. Where those Germans came from C. The reason why a word has a certain meaning D. The reason why English is spoken around the world 50. The word “hamburger” comes from ________. A. China because it has a long history B. England because Germans don’t speak good English C. the round pieces of beef which those people from Hamburg were eating D. English speakers because they always create new words 【答案】46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语词汇“汉堡包”的来历。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Although English is not as old as Chinese, it is spoken by many people around the world every day. (尽管英语不像汉语那么古老，但世界各地每天都有很多人使用英语。)”可知，英语不像汉语那么古老。故选C。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg. (他们来自德国一个叫汉堡的大城市。)”可知，汉堡是德国的一个城市。故选B。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe. (大约一百年前，一些人从欧洲来到美国。)”以及“He cooked some round pieces of beef like those that the men from Hamburg ate. Then he put each between two pieces of bread and started selling them. (他煮了一些圆形的牛肉，就像汉堡人吃的那样。然后他将每一个放在两片面包之间并开始出售。)”可知，汉堡包大约在一个世纪前首次出售。故选D。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting, too. This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary. (知道为什么任何单词都有一定的含义也很有趣。这个原因，对于大多数英语单词来说，可以在任何大型英语词典中找到。)”可知，可以在任何一本大型英语词典中找到一个词有特定含义的原因。故选C。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“He cooked some round pieces of beef like those that the men from Hamburg ate. Then he put each between two pieces of bread and started selling them. (他煮了一些圆形的牛肉，就像汉堡人吃的那样。然后他将每一个放在两片面包之间并开始出售。)”可知，“汉堡”这个词来源于汉堡人吃的圆形牛肉。故选C。 第II卷 非选择题（共40分） 三、英汉互译（本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分） 51. Making a schedule helps us deal with matters in a logical way. (句子英译汉) __________________________________________________ 【答案】制定一个日程表可以帮助我们以一种合情合理的方式处理事务。 【解析】 【详解】考查陈述句。Making a schedule：制定一个日程表，动名词短语作主语；helps：帮助，作谓语；us：我们，作helps的宾语；deal with matters：处理事务，作宾语补足语；in a logical way：以一种合情合理的方式，介词短语作方式状语。故本句译为：制定一个日程表可以帮助我们以一种合情合理的方式处理事务。 52. Making schedules can be a good way to help us finish work on time, too. (句子英译汉) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】制定日程表也是一个可以帮助我们按时完成工作的好方法。 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词作主语。Making schedules：制定日程表，作主语；can：能，情态动词；be：是，作谓语；a good way：一个好的方式，作表语；to help us finish work on time：帮助我们按时完成工作，作定语；too：也。故本句译为：制定日程表也是一个可以帮助我们按时完成工作的好方法。 53. I am a vocational school student majoring in business management. (句子英译汉) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】我是一名商务管理专业的职业学校学生。 【解析】 【详解】考查陈述句及现在分词作后置定语。I：我，作主语；am：是，作谓语；a vocational school student：一个职业学校学生，作表语；majoring in business management：主修商务管理，现在分词作后置定语。故本句译为：我是一名商务管理专业的职业学校学生。 54. I would like to apply for a position of manager assistant. (句子英译汉) __________________________________________________ 【答案】我想申请经理助理一职。 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓动词和一般现在时。I：我，人称代词作主语；would like to apply for：想要申请，“would like to do”是一种常用的表达意愿的结构，其中to do不定式作宾语，这里用来表达现在想要做的事情，时态为一般现在时，作复合谓语；a position of manager assistant：经理助理一职，作介词“for”的宾语。故本句译为：我想申请经理助理一职。 55. To gain work experience, I once worked as an intern for six months in a company. (句子英译汉) __________________________________________________ 【答案】为了获得工作经验，我曾在一家公司做了六个月的实习生。 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式作目的状语。To gain work experience：为了获得工作经验，不定式短语作目的状语；I：我，人称代词作主语；once：曾经，副词作状语；worked as：以……身份而工作，作谓语，一般过去时；an intern：一个实习生，作介词“as”的宾语；for six months：长达六个月，作时间状语；in a company：在一家公司，作地点状语。故本句译为：为了获得工作经验，我曾在一家公司做了六个月的实习生。 56. 那就是他缺席会议的原因。（句子汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】That’s the reason why he was absent from the meeting. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句、动词短语和一般过去时。那就是……的原因：That’s the reason why，固定句型，关系副词“why”引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the reason”；他：he，人称代词作从句的主语；缺席：was absent from，动词短语“be absent from”作从句的谓语，由语境可知，“缺席”发生在过去，应用一般过去时；会议：the meeting，作介词“from”的宾语。故本句译为：That’s the reason why he was absent from the meeting. 57. 事实就是二班学生们赢得了这场比赛。（句子汉译英） ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】The fact is that the students in Class Two have won the match. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态及表语从句。事实：The fact，作主句的主语；就是：is，是系动词连接主语和表语（句子描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时）；此处为表语从句，表陈述性内容应用that引导；二班的学生们：the students in Class Two，作从句的主语；赢得了：have won，作从句的谓语（句子描述的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时）；这场比赛：the match，作从句的宾语。故本句译为：The fact is that the students in Class Two have won the match. 58. 当我住在那个小山村时，我经常去河边玩耍。（句子汉译英） ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】When I lived in the small village, I often went to play by the river. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句和陈述句。根据句意和标点符号“。”可知，这是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句，根据句意可知用一般过去时。当……的时候：when，从属连词引导时间状语从句；我：I，作从句主语；住：lived，作从句谓语；在那个小山村：in the small village，作从句地点状语；我：I，人称代词作主句主语；经常：often，作主句时间状语；去河边玩耍：went to play by the river，作主句谓语和状语。故本句译为：When I lived in the small village, I often went to play by the river. 59. 有志者事竟成。(汉译英) 【答案】Where there is a will,there is a way. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个where引导的地点状语从句，“志”意为“意志力”，即“willing”。“事竟成”可理解为“一定可以走向成功的道路”。整句话可综合理解为有意志力的地方就会有路。故翻译为Where there is a will, there is a way. 60. 住在我们隔壁的男人是一名牙医。（句子汉译英） __________________________________________________ 【答案】The man who lives next to us is a dentist. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和一般现在时。根据中文句意可知，“住在我们隔壁的”是定语，修饰“男人”，翻译成英文可以使用定语从句来体现。男人：The man，作主语；住在我们隔壁的：who lives next to us，关系代词who引导的定语从句，句子时态是一般现在时，关系代词“who”指代的是“The man”，第三人称单数，谓语动词使用三单形式；是：is，系动词作主句的谓语，一般现在时，与主语“The man”保持主谓一致；一名牙医：a dentist，作表语，表明身份。故本句译为：The man who lives next to us is a dentist. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 黑龙江省职教高考·适应性测试题（4） 《 英 语 》 第I卷 选择题（共60分） 一、知识运用（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分） I. 词汇与语法知识（30分） 在每小题列出的A、B、C、D四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的最佳选项，选出正确答案。 1. There ________ exhibitor and two advertisers in the meeting room. A. is a B. is an C. are a D. are an 2. Two friends of are leaving Beijing tomorrow. A. she; to B. her; for C. hers; to D. mine; for 3. Lucy is reading an article on ________ in ________. A. Teacher day; student reading room B. Teacher’s Day; the student’s reading room C. Teachers’ Day; the students’ reading room D. the Teacher Day; the student reading room 4. About ________ of the students in our class have read this book. A. two three B. two third C. two thirds D. three quarter 5. When Wu Ming was studying abroad, he lived with ________ who ________ kind and honest. A. the Smiths; were B. Smith; were C. the Smiths; was D. Smiths; was 6. They ________ a basketball match next week. A. have B. will have C. shall have D. going to have 7. — Have you seen the film Beauty and the Beast ? — Yes. ________ wonderful film it is! A. How B. What C. How a D. What a 8. It’s more and more important for us ________ English well. A. learn B. learned C. learning D. to learn 9. It has been 20 years ________ John moved to New York. A. since B. until C. after D. before 10. I didn’t attend the meeting yesterday ________ it rained heavily. A. until B. though C. because D. before 11. The room which hasn’t been cleaned for at least four weeks needs ________. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 12. The shirt is different ________ that one ________ style and material. A. from; in B. to; in C. to; between D. from; between 13. — May I look at the menu for a little while? — Of course. ________, sir. A. Don’t worry B. It doesn’t matter C. Enjoy yourself D. Take your time 14. Kate was ill last week. But now she is ________ to go to school. A. good enough B. enough good C. well enough D. enough well 15. Great changes ________ in the city, and a lot of factories ________ by the end of last year. A. took place; were set up B. have taken place; have been set up C had taken place; had been set up D. were taken place; set up 16 I ________ and found they were chatting with each other. A. looking B. look out C. looked around D. looked at 17. ________ a new policy should be put into practice in your workplace. A. It said B. It is say C. It is saying that D. It is said that 18. Mike, you ________ leave all your books on the floor like this! A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not 19. My mother went on ________ the floor without ________ a word. A. sweep; say B. to sweep; to say C. sweeping; say D. sweeping; saying 20. Computers are such wonderful machines that they can store ________ information. A. a great deal of B. a great many C. dozens of D. a large number of 21. We must try our best to work hard ________ we can get a good job in the future. A. so B. in order C. so as to D. in order that 22. Please ________ all the powers are turned off when you leave the office. A. be sure of B. make sure C. are you sure D. making sure 23. — Tom, would you like to come to our dinner party? — ________. A. Yes, I would B. Yes, with pleasure C. No, I can’t come D. Sure, it’s my duty 24. — Are you going to Shanghai _______ pleasure? — No, I’ll go to Beijing ________ business. A. on; for B. on; on C. for; on D. for; for 25. Last Saturday, Mr. Green went to the market, ________ some bananas and visited his uncle. A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy 26. The little girl was in danger. The doctors and nurses are doing ________ her. A. what they can do help B. everything they can help C. what they can do to help D. all what to help 27. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication. A. have played B. is playing C. are playing D. play 28. The waste gasses ________ out by cars badly damage the air quality. A. to give B. gave C. give D. given 29. John was disappointed that the tickets ________ when he ________ to the cinema. A. had sold out; had got B. had sold out; got C. had been sold out; got D. had been sold out; had got 30. I shall never forget those days ________ I spent in the country with the farmers, _________ had a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. which; what C. when; which D. when; that Ⅱ. 交际用语(10分) 31. — Can I try on this pair of blue jeans? — ________. A. Of course. The fitting room is over there B. No, you can’t C. 170 yuan. They’re on sale now D. The blue jeans fit you very well 32. — Can I pay with my mobile phone? — ________. A. No, you can’t. B. Sure. Please show me your payment code. C. Which one do you like? D. You must pay with the cash. 33. — I think they’re a bit tight. ________? — Yes. Try this pair. A. Do you have a larger size B. Do you have a smaller size C. What other pair did you recommend D. Do you have a purple one 34. — What do you think about the advantages of online shopping? — ________. A. The quality is bad B. Give me another one C. It can save a lot of time D. You will buy the wrong size 35. — Hi, Ella. I heard you want to buy some berries, why? — ________. A. Because they are rich in vitamins and good for my health B. Because it is expensive C. Because this is a good place D. Because most of the berries are from China 36. — Wow, this pink dress is 75 yuan. It’s 25% off! — ________. A. There is no discount. B. What a bad news! C. It’s no use buying a pink dress. D. Really? Its original price is 100 yuan. 37. — Welcome to our shop. Can I help you? — ________. A. Yes, you can help me B. No, thanks C. Yes. Please show me your red sweater D. No. Red coat, please 38. —Here’s your change. —________. A. Thank you B. Don’t mention it C. No problem D. With pleasure 39. — Why do you like history so much? — ________ A. Because I think it is very interesting and useful B. Because it is very boring C Because it is difficult for me D. Because I think it is very boring and helpless 40. — What are your plans for the afternoon? — ________. A. I’ll make a presentation from 1:30 to 3:30 B. The company is holding a meeting from 3:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. C. I’ll reply e-mails from 9:30 to 10:30 D. I plan to have classes from 6:30 to 9:00 二、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 阅读下列短文，在每小题列出的A、B、C、D四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的最佳选项，选出正确答案。 （A） In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries of nature. Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods. In reality, lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lightning has 1.6 kilometers long, and has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs (灯泡). The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year, he also built the first lightning rod (避雷针). This device (装置物) protects buildings from being damaged by lightning. Modern science has discovered that one stroke (闪击) of lightning has a voltage (电压) of more than 15 million volts (伏特). A flash of lightning between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers and travels at a speed of 30 million meters per second. Scientists judge that there are about 2 000 million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States alone it kills an average (平均数) of one person every day. The safest place to stay in case of an electrical storm is a closed car. Outside, one should go to the low ground and not get under the trees. Also, one should stay out of the water and away from the metal fences. Inside the house, people should avoid opening doorways and windows and not touching wires or metal things. With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry. 41. People thought lightning came from ________ in the past. A. the sky B. the gods C. the Earth D. the nature 42. According to the passage, what do all the buildings need? A. Metal fences. B. Electricity. C. Lightning rods. D. Machines. 43. Lightning can travel ________. A. as quickly as water B. not so quickly as electricity C. at a low speed D. at a high speed 44. Which of the followings is NOT true? A. In the U.S., about one person dies from lightning per day. B. The Empire State Building frequently gets hit by lightning. C. Swimming during a thunderstorm is a good idea. D. A closed car is the best place to protect yourself during an electrical storm. 45. Lightning is sometimes ________ to human beings. A. harmful B. kind C. useless D. friendly （B） Although English is not as old as Chinese, it is spoken by many people around the world every day. English speakers are always creating new words, and we are often able to know where most words come from. Sometimes, however, no one may really know where a word comes from. Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, especially when they are not made with ham? About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe. They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg. They did not speak good English, but they ate good food. When some Americans saw them eating round pieces of beef, they asked the Germans what it was. The Germans did not understand the question and answered, “We come from Hamburg.” One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and had an idea. He cooked some round pieces of beef like those that the men from Hamburg ate. Then he put each between two pieces of bread and started selling them. Such bread came to be called “hamburgers”. Today “hamburgers” are sold in many countries around the world. Whether this story is true or not, it is certainly interesting. Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting, too. This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary. 46. According to the writer, English is _______. A. as old as Chinese B. older than German C. not so old as Chinese D. very difficult to learn 47. Hamburg is _________. A. a kind of food B. a city in Germany C. the name of a village D. a round piece of beef 48. We can learn from the passage that _______. A. few Americans like hamburgers B. hamburgers are made with beef C. hamburgers are made with ham D. hamburgers were first sold about a century ago 49. Which of the following can often be found in any large English dictionary? A. Where all the new words come from B Where those Germans came from C. The reason why a word has a certain meaning D. The reason why English is spoken around the world 50. The word “hamburger” comes from ________. A. China because it has a long history B. England because Germans don’t speak good English C. the round pieces of beef which those people from Hamburg were eating D. English speakers because they always create new words 第II卷 非选择题（共40分） 三、英汉互译（本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分） 51. Making a schedule helps us deal with matters in a logical way. (句子英译汉) __________________________________________________ 52. Making schedules can be a good way to help us finish work on time, too. (句子英译汉) _________________________________________________________________ 53. I am a vocational school student majoring in business management. (句子英译汉) _________________________________________________________________ 54. I would like to apply for a position of manager assistant. (句子英译汉) __________________________________________________ 55. To gain work experience, I once worked as an intern for six months in a company. (句子英译汉) __________________________________________________ 56. 那就是他缺席会议的原因。（句子汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________________ 57. 事实就是二班的学生们赢得了这场比赛。（句子汉译英） ____________________________________________________________ 58. 当我住在那个小山村时，我经常去河边玩耍。（句子汉译英） ____________________________________________________________ 59. 有志者事竟成。(汉译英) 60. 住在我们隔壁的男人是一名牙医。（句子汉译英） __________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $