Unit 3 Grammar 课件 -2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册

Grammar At the end of this lesson, you will be able to learn comparative and superlative adverbs;           write sentences using comparative and superlative adverbs; learn reflexive pronouns;    write a short text using reflexive pronouns. ➷➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ We use comparative adverbs to compare _________ actions or performances; we use superlative adverbs to compare _________ or more actions or performances. → Sandy reads 30 pages on one hour. She reads fast. Amy reads 35 pages in one hour. She reads faster than Sandy. Millie reads 40 pages in one hour. She reads the fastest among the three. Millie reads faster than the other two students. Read the sentences below and pay attention to the use of comparative and superlative adjectives. two three Can you find some sentences with comparative or superlative adverbs? 1. If you’re willing to learn, you’ll work harder. 2. They’ll help you learn better. 3. I couldn’t agree more. 4. Even in his late 70s, he invented a type of special glassses to help him see better. 有时我们对动作或状态的程度进行比较，会用副词的比较级和最高级。 ① Daniel arrived earlier than me. 丹尼尔到得比我早。 ② She plays volleyball (the) best in her class. 她在她的班级中排球打得最好。 注：副词最高级前的the有时可以省略。 副词的比较级和最高级是如何构成的呢？ 副词比较级和最高级的构成方法与形容词基本相同。 When we form comparative and superlative adverbs, the endings of some adverbs change as follow: early-earlier-earliest late-later-latest 一、副词比较级和最高级的构成（规则变化） 1 大多数词后加-er/-est。 2 多音节词和部分双音节词在词的前面加more/most。 The following adverbs have the same form as the adjectives: early far fast hard high late long near low 副词比较级和最高级的构成（不规则变化） It is not possible to have comparatives or superlatives of certain adverbs, especially those of time (e.g. yesterday, daily, then), place (e.g. here, up, down) and degree (e.g. very, really, almost) 二、副词比较级常见用法如下： 1 副词的比较级主要用于两个人或两种事物之间的比较，常用结构““副词比较级 + than”，比较级前面可以用even、much、a little、a bit、a lot等修饰。表示“比……更……”。 ① Mike works more carefully than Jack. 迈克比杰克工作更仔细。 ② Kelly usually finishes her homework much more quickly than her brother. 凯莉完成作业的速度通常比她弟弟快得多。 1 “Which/Who + 行为动词 + 副词比较级, A or B?” ，表示两者之间的选择。 ① Who runs faster, Tom or Mike? 谁跑的更快，汤姆还是迈克? ② Who jumps higher, Tim or Tom? 谁跳得更高，蒂姆还是汤姆？ 拓展 2 “副词比较级 + and + (同一)副词比较级”表示“越来越……”。 Wind blows up bags higher and higher in the sky. 风把袋子吹得越来越高。 3 “the + 副词比较级，the + 副词比较级”， “越……就越……”。 The faster, the better. 越快越好。 副词的最高级主要用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较，常用结构“(the+)副词最高级+of/in/among+比较范围”表示“最……”。 三、副词最高级常见用法如下： ① She plays volleyball (the) best in her class. 她在班上排球打得最好。 ② Jennifer listened to the speech (the) most carefully of all. 在所有听演讲的人中，詹妮弗听得最认真。 副词最高级前的the有时可以省略。 Millie is writing about her classmates’ performance at school. Complete her sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets. A1 Write at least three sentences describing how you and your group members performed during a group activity, using comparative and superlative adverbs. A2 P40 A1 P42 A2 fast faster (the) fastest actively more actively (the) most actively hard harder (the) hardest We use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object are the _________ (same, different) person(s) or thing(s). Learning should be fun. But you may ask, “How can I enjoy myself when learning?” You can learn an interesting skill by yourself. My friend Suzy is interested in art, and she enjoys teaching herself paper-cutting. Don’t worry if learning something new seems difficult. Just do it! So let’s set goals for ourselves and take the first step. Read the text below and pay attention to the use of reflexive pronouns. same = Let us 一、含义 ① Mike cannot look after himself. 迈克不能照顾自己。 ② The children enjoyed themselves very much at the Lantern Festival. 孩子们在元宵节那天玩得非常高兴。 反身代词即人称代词的反身形式，它所代指的人或物与主语一致，在句中可以起到强调的作用。 ③ They kept the secret to themselves. 他们保守着这个秘密。 反身代词和它所指的对象在人称、性别、数上必须保持一致。 反身代词是如何构成的呢？ 二、构成 Subject pronoun Reflexive pronoun I you(singular) you(plural) we they he she it myself yourself yourselves ourselves themselves himself herself itself Note the spellings of the singular form -self and the plural form -selves. 根据上方表格填写下方表格。 * 第一人称和第二人称的反身代词是由形容词性 物主代词加self或selves构成。 * 第三人称的反身代词是由宾格代词加self或 selves构成。 三、用法 ① John teaches himself French. 约翰自学法语。 ② You should feel proud of yourself. 你应该为自己感到骄傲。 1. 反身代词在句中常常作宾语，在动词或介词后。表示宾语与主语是同一个人或物。 反身代词可用于wash、give、buy ... for、 look after等动词或动词词组之后。 反身代词可用于of, to, after, for, about等介词之后。 ① Did you see Mr Wang himself? 你看到王先生本人了吗？ ② They finished the work themselves. 他们自己完成了工作。 2. 反身代词也可意为“本人，本身”，用作同位语，用以加强语气，通常在被修饰的名词后。 作宾语的同位语 作主语的同位语 I’m feeling myself again. 我感觉自己健康如初。 3. 反身代词可用在系动词后作表语，表示 身体或精神状态。 4. 反身代词也常用于某些习惯用语或固定结构 中，常见的有： ① by oneself ( = alone) ② enjoy oneself ( = have a good time) ③ help oneself (to) ④ behave oneself ⑤ teach oneself ⑥ dress oneself ⑦ express oneself ⑧ make oneself at home ⑨ talk/say to oneself ⑩ think to oneself 单独，独自 玩得高兴 请随便(吃/喝……) 举止规矩 自学 穿衣 表达 不拘束 自言自语 心里想 Millie is writing about people around her who love to learn new things. Complete her text below with correct reflexive pronouns. B1 P41 B Write a short text about some people’s learning experiences using reflexive pronouns. B2 himself himself ourselves herself myself themselves try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 中考链接 1. When _____ parents went away on business, I looked after _____. (2024 天津市 单项选择) A. my; myself B. my; mine C. me; myself D. me; mine 2. For example, our cars are very quickly going to start driving __________. (2024 重庆市B卷 短文填空) themselves 3. If you want to send emails, you need to create an email address for __________(you). (2024 陕西省 短文填空) 4. — Judy practices her oral English hard every day. — So she does. She pronounces words ______ than before. A. clearly B. more clearly C. most clearly (2024 福建省 选择填空) yourself 中考链接 4. — Which kind of movies do you prefer, action movies or comedies? — I like action movies _______. A. well B. better C. the better D. the best (2024 云南省 单项填空) 中考链接 构成 副词比较级 副词最高级 1 大多数词后加______; 2 ______________________，在词的前面more/ most; 3 不规则变化。 the + 副词最高级 + in / of / among + 比较范围 1 比较级 + than 2 Which/Who ... + 比较 级，... or ...? 3 副词比较级 + and + (同 一)副词比较级 4 the + 副词比较级，the + 副词比较级 常见句式 -er/-est 多音节词和部分双音节词 2 反身代词 I. 单项选择。 ( ) 1. — Lily, are you happy with your dancing skill? — Not at all. I dance _____ than the other club members. A. more beautiful B. more beautifully C. less beautiful D. less beautifully ( ) 2. Among these animals, the sloth (树懒) moves _____. A. slow B. more slowly C. the slower D. the most slowly ( ) 3. — I’m not good at swimming. What should I do? — You should work even _____ at it. A. hard B. hardly C. harder D. hardest D D C ( ) 4. The _____ you speak, the easier it is to understand. A. clearer B. more clearly C. less clear D. less clearly ( ) 5. — Dad, let’s stop for a rest. I’m so tired that I can’t walk _____. — Come on. It will take only five more minutes for us to get to the top of the mountain. A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the farthest ( ) 6. — Liu Mei, please come in. Make _____ at home! — Thank you. What a beautiful flat! A. itself B. himself C. yourself D. herself B B C ( ) 7. — Did anyone help the robot finish the task? — No. It finished the task _____. A. itself B. myself C. himself D. herself ( ) 8. — Lin Jun and Lin Qiang, remember to look after _____ during the summer camp. — Yes, we will, Mum. Don’t worry about us. A. yourself B. ourselves C. themselves D. yourselves A D II. 阅读下面的短文，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 I’m Wang Fang, a student in Grade Eight at Park Middle School. I’m thirteen years old, but all the other students in our class are fourteen. So I am the (1)_____________ (young) among my classmates. Of all the students, He Qiang lives (2)________________ (far) from school. So he needs to get up twenty minutes (3)_____________ (early) than us every morning. Everyone in our class works hard at our lessons, but Zhang Han works the (4)___________ (hard) of us all. youngest farthest/ furthest earlier hardest Every day, she spends much time (5)_____________ (study), so she does well in all subjects. Both her English and Maths are the (6)_________ (good) in our class. She is kind and helpful. She always offers help to us when we are in need. Last term, I did (7)_____________ (badly) in the English exam in our class. With her help, my English is much better now. In the past, I thought it was very difficult to learn English, but now I find it much (8)_____________ (easy) than before. studying best worst easier A number of boys in our class (9)________ (like) doing sports in the playground after class. Among them, only Zheng Xun is over 1.7 metres tall, and he also runs the (10)________ (fast). like fastest Ⅲ. 阅读下面的对话，用合适的反身代词填空。 Lucy: I hear you went on a family trip last month. Did you and your family enjoy (1)_____________? Ada: Sure. We saw beautiful sights and bought lots of amazing things for (2)___________ and our friends. In a word, the trip (3)___________ was good, and the people we met were even better. Lucy: Sounds interesting. Who did you meet? Ada: On the train for Tibet, we met a girl and her brother. They called (4)___________ Blair and Chuck. yourselves ourselves itself themselves Lucy: Did you talk with them? Ada: Yes. At first, the girl kept talking, but the boy just sat there by (5)___________. He seemed very shy. Lucy: What happened then? Ada: Then the girl told us that they were from the US. She taught (6)___________ Chinese before coming to China. She liked Chinese culture and hoped to make more friends here. She said they were going to study in China for a year as exchange students. Lucy: That’s great! I’m sure they will have a good time. himself herself 1. Can you use comparative and superlative adverbs correctly? 2. Can you use reflexive pronouns correctly? 1. Make 10 sentences about your classmates using comparative or superlative adverbs. 2. Write a short text about your learning experiences using reflexive pronouns. 3. Preview Word Power on page 42. $