内容正文:
编写说明:2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分30个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇、词组及句型的语言运用清单,同时也包括了口语交际的提问与回答。第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第10个专题,内容为句子种类(陈述句、祈使句、感叹句、疑问句)。
2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题10 句子种类(讲+练)
(
【考点解读】
句子的种类可以按照用途(功能)分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种;也可按结构分为简单句、并列句和主从复合句。本专题仅针对第一种分类方法进行知识梳理。
纵观
近
五
年的职教高考真题,
相关
考查
包括语言知识点和情景交际,侧重
以下几个方面:
1.
祈使句(①句式结构;②应答;③
“
祈使句+并列连词and/or+陈述句”句式)
——如
2025年第4题考查动词原形开头的祈使句;
2.
感叹句(①句式结构;②应答)
——
如2021年第12题考查情境交际-感叹句应答;
3.
疑问句(①句式结构;②应答;③反义疑问)
——如
2022年第10题考查特殊疑问句结构;2023年第16题、2022年第11-14题考查情景交际-疑问句的应答;
注:陈述句的考查主要是时态语态、主谓一致性、相关主从复合句等的考查,后续有单独的专题,不在此赘述。
)
【句子种类】
根据句子的用途(功能)可划分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种。
【知识点清单一】陈述句
用于陈述事实、表达观点或说明情况,句末用句号(.),语调平稳。是英语中最基础、使用频率最高的句型,陈述句有肯定和否定两种形式,其一般语序为“主语部分+谓语部分+其他成分”。
类别
结构
例句
肯定陈述句
基本结构:主语(S)+ 谓语(V)+ 其他成分(宾语 / 表语 / 状语等)(主谓一致是关键)。
She likes swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
His dream is to become a doctor. 他的梦想是当一名医生。
It would be better if there were fewer people. 如果人数少一些会更好。
否定陈述句
实义动词否定:加don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t(根据时态 / 人称变化);
He didn’t buy the car yesterday. 昨天他没有买那部车。
The poor man doesn't have money to buy a cake. 那个穷人没钱买蛋糕。
be 动词 / 情态动词否定:直接加 not(如 is not = isn’t,can not = can’t)。
She is not good at playing chess. 她不擅长下棋。
You needn't do that. 你没必要做这个。
It can't be true. 不可能是真的。
含否定词(not、no、never、no one、nowhere、none、nothing、nobody等)或半否定词(hardly、scarcely、rarely、seldom、few、little等)
Nobody knows him. 没有人知道他。
I have nothing but courage. 除了勇气,我一无所有。
We seldom go to the cinema.我们很少去电影院。
We eat chips every night, but hardly ever have fish.
我们每晚都吃炸薯条,但几乎从不吃鱼。
知识要点:
1.主谓一致:陈述句的核心语法考点,需根据主语的单复数、时态匹配谓语(如单数主语用单数谓语,复数主语用复数谓语;不可数名词作主语视为单数)。
示例:
正确:The news is very important.(news 为不可数名词,谓语用 is)
错误:The news are very important.
2.否定句的正确构成:避免 “双重否定” 误用
例如:“我没有没有钱” 不能译为 I don’t have no money.需改为 I don’t have any money
以及 “实义动词、be 动词”的否定差异。
3.陈述句与其他句型的转换:如陈述句变一般疑问句(将 be 动词 / 情态动词提前,或加助动词 do/does/did)。
注意事项:
一、句意的肯定/否定≠句子种类的肯定/否定
①有些句子结构虽然表示否定的含义,但句子仍然是肯定句。
②有些否定陈述可以表达肯定意义。
句子结构
含义
句子类型
例句
包含反义词缀(如un-、in-、ir-、il-、dis-、mis-、non-、-less等)
否定
肯定句
It's useless trying to persuade him.试图说服他是没用的
The man is dishonest.这个男人不诚实。
You have mistaken it. 你弄错了。
介词或介词短语(如off、without、instead of、against、out of、beyond 等)
否定
肯定句
The place has changed beyond recognition.
这个地方已经变得认不出来了。
形容词 last 有时意为“最不可能的,最不适当的”
否定
肯定句
He is the last person I'd ask for help.
他是我最不愿求助的人。
固定短语或习语:
be free from/ of不含…的;不受…影响的
far from远非;几乎相反
too...to...太…而不能…
anything but决不,根本不
否定
肯定句
After finishing the heavy project, she finally felt free of work pressure and planned a short trip.完成繁重的项目后,她终于摆脱了工作压力,计划去短途旅行。
The new policy is far from perfect—many people think it still needs to be improved.这项新政策远非完美——很多人认为它仍需改进。
He is anything but lazy—he gets up at 6 every morning to study and helps his family with housework.他根本不懒——他每天早上 6 点起床学习,还帮家里做家务。
cannot/ can't/ can never…too无论怎么…也不为过;
cannot...but...除…之外别无可能
can't help but do sth.忍不住/无法抑制做某事
肯定
否定句
You can't be too careful.你越仔细越好。
You can't help but admire him.你会忍不住钦佩他。
二、否定句的完全否定与部分否定
①当含有全体意义的代词、限定词或副词,如 all、each、every(及其合成词)、both、always、entirely、wholly等和否定词 not连用的时候,构成部分否定。
例如:Not both of them are useful.它们两个并非都有用。
It is not found everywhere.并不是到处都能发现它。
②若表示完全否定,可借助 none、no one、nobody、nothing、neither等。
例如:None of the students can understand him. 没有一个学生能理解他的意思。
Neither of the answers is correct. 两个答案都不对。
【即时训练】
一、单选题
1.My sister, together with her classmates, ______ a walk in the park every weekend.
A. take B. takes C. took D. will take
2.Tom ______ finish his homework yesterday because he was ill.
A. isn’t B. doesn’t C. didn’t D. won’t
3.There ______ a small river and several trees in front of my old house.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
4.Our teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun.
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
5.Peter ______ to the Great Wall with his parents twice so far.
A. has been B. was C. went D. will go
6.This kind of fruit ______ sweet and ______ popular among children.
A. taste; is B. tastes; is C. tastes; are D. taste; are
二、翻译句子
7.None of the students in this class failed the math exam.____________________________________
8.Not all students finished their homework.____________________________________
9.My parents are not both fond of spicy food.____________________________________
10.She has never eaten fast food in her life.____________________________________
【知识点清单二】祈使句
祈使句用于发出命令、请求、建议或警告,主语通常是第二人称 “you”(常省略),句末用句号(.)或感叹号(!),语调强硬(命令)或委婉(请求)。
类别
结构
例句
肯定祈使句
动词原形开头的祈使句
Jack, close the window! 杰克,关上窗户!
let开头的祈使句
Let's read this dialogue. 我们来读这段对话。
加do表强调的祈使句
Do be careful next time. 下次务必小心。
省略动词的特殊祈使句
Patience! 要有耐心!
Quickly! 快!
否定祈使句
don’t 或 never+动词原形
Don't ever do that again. 不要再做那件事了。
Never lie to others. 永远不要对别人撒谎。
“Let+宾语+ not+动词原形”或“Don’t let+宾语+动词原形”
Let's not have a rest.我们别休息了。
Don't let anyone disturb you.不要让任何人打扰你。
no开头的禁止性祈使句
No entry. 禁止入内。
No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
句式补充:“祈使句 + 并列连词and/or + 陈述句”
例如:Work hard, and you will succeed. 努力学习,你就会成功。
Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点儿,否则你会迟到的。
【即时训练】
一、单选题
11. ______ the door behind you when you leave the room, please.
A. Close B. Closes C. Closing D. To close
12. ______ touch the hot pan—it may burn your hands.
A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t D. Won’t
13. Please ______ quiet in the library; other people are reading.
A. keep B. keeps C. keeping D. to keep
14. ______ late for school again, or the teacher will be angry.
A. Not be B. Don’t be C. Won’t be D. Isn’t
15. Let’s ______ a picnic in the park this Sunday, shall we?
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
16. ______ the instructions carefully, ______ you will know how to use the machine.
A. Read; and B. Read; or C. Reading; and D. To read; or
17. Hurry up, ______ you ______ miss the early bus to the station.
A. and; will B. or; will C. and; won’t D. or; won’t
18. ______ more exercise every day, ______ you will keep healthy and strong.
A. Do; or B. Doing; and C. Do; and D. To do; or
19. Don’t touch the wet paint, ______ you ______ get it on your clothes.
A. and; will B. or; will C. and; won’t D. or; won’t
二、填空题
20.__________(knock)at the door before you enter my room,please.
21.Always__________(keep)in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
22.Please __________ (not eat) in the computer room—food may damage the equipment.
23.Let’s __________ (waste) time on unimportant things; we need to finish the project first.
24.Open the window, __________let some fresh air into the room.
25. ______ (not be) late for the meeting, or you will miss the important discussion.
26. Take this umbrella with you, ______ you will get wet in the rain.
27. ______ (follow) the teacher’s advice, and you will improve your English quickly.
【知识点清单三】感叹句
感叹句用于表达强烈的情感(如喜悦、愤怒、惊讶、赞叹等),句末用感叹号(!),语调激昂。
核心结构由 “what” 或 “how” 引导。
引导词
修饰对象
句式结构
例句
what
名词(名词短语)
1.What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
2.What(+ 形容词)+不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
3. What + 形容词 + 复数名词 / 不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What a beautiful flower (it is)!好美的花!
What great fun it is!
What clever boys they are!
多聪明的男孩子们啊!
What nice air it is! 空气真好啊!
how
形容词 / 副词 / 句子
1. How + 形容词/副词+ 主语 + 谓语+其他成分! !
2. How + 主语 + 谓语!(强调整个句子)
How beautiful the flower (is)!
这花好美!
How nice! = How nice it is!
How time flies! 时间过得真快!
其他感叹句:由一个词、一个词组构成的感叹句或在表示强烈感情的陈述句、疑问句、祈使句后用感叹号构成的感叹句。
例如:Wonderful! 好极了!
They are so hardworking! 他们真勤奋!
How can you be so great! 你怎么会这么棒!
【即时训练】
一、单选题
28. ______ beautiful park it is! I want to visit it again tomorrow.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
29. ______ fast the runner is running! He must be the first to cross the finish line.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How an
30. ______ interesting stories my grandma tells every night! We all love listening to them.
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
31. ______ important information our teacher gave us just now! We should write it down.
A. What a B. What C. How D. How a
32. ______ lovely the little cat is! It keeps rubbing against my legs.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
33. ______ difficult problem this math question is! I need to ask my deskmate for help.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How an
二、填空题(补全感叹句)
34. ________delicious food my mom cooked today! Everyone ate a lot.
35. ________quickly Tom finishes his homework! He can play basketball now.
36. ________cute baby she is! All the family members love her.
37. ________beautiful the flowers in the garden are! They attract many bees.
38. ________interesting book this is! I can’t put it down.
39. ________ hard the students are studying for the exam! They all want to get good grades.
【知识点清单四】疑问句
用于提出问题,句末用问号(?),语调通常上扬(特殊疑问句除外)。根据提问目的,分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句四类。
类别
结构
例句
一般疑问句
be 动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分,用 “yes/no” 回答。
Have you finished your packing? 你收拾好行李了吗?
Shall I tell you a story? 我给你讲个故事好吗?
Were they happy with the news? 他们对这个消息满意吗?
Did you take your medicine? 你吃过药了吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词(what/ who/ where/ when/ why/ how 等)+ 一般疑问句结构,回答需具体信息。
What are you doing? 你们在做什么?
When will you finish your homework? 你什么时候能写完作业?
Why are you late for school? 你为什么上学迟到?
选择疑问句
一般疑问句 + or + 选择项 或 特殊疑问句 + A or B,回答需选其一,不能用 yes/no。
Are you a teacher or a student? 你是老师还是学生?
—Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
—Tea./I prefer tea.
--你更喜欢茶还是咖啡?--(我更喜欢)茶。
反义疑问句
陈述句 + 简短疑问(be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语代词),遵循 “前肯后否,前否后肯”。
Beijing is a beautiful city, isn't it? 北京是座美丽的城市,不是吗?
— You can't speak Chinese, can you? 你不会说汉语,是吧?
— Yes,I can.不,我会。/ No, I can't.是的,我不会。
高频考点/难点:
一、特殊疑问句中how often、how soon、how long的用法辨析
类别
结构
例句
how long
时间长度 / 物体长度
--How long have you lived here?(多久)
--For 5 years.
how soon
“多久之后”(将来时)
--How soon will he come back?
--In 3 days.
how often
频率(“多久一次”)
--How often do you exercise?
--Twice a week.
2、 反义疑问句反义疑问部分的人称判断、结构判断
1.反义疑问部分主语判断
主语
例 句
陈述部分
反义部分
指人的不定代词no one、nobody、everyone、everybody、someone、somebody
he或 they
Everyone knows what money means, doesn't he/ don't they?
每个人都知道钱意味着什么,是吧?
不定代词everything、anything、something、nothing
it
Nothing beats home cooking, does it?
什么也比不上家里做的饭,是吧?
指示代词this、that或these、those
it或they
Those are book shelves, aren't they?
那些是书架,是吗?
不定代词 one(指人)
one
(非正式可用you)
One should at least be good at something, shouldn't one/ you?
一个人至少要有一技之长,不是吗?
从句、非谓语动词
it
Learning to play the piano isn't easy, is it?
学弹钢琴不容易,是吗?
What you said is wrong, isn't it? 你说的不对,不是吗?
2.反义疑问部分的结构判断
分类
陈述句结构
判断规则
例句
特殊
句式
I am...句式
用aren’t I
I’m late, aren’t I? 我迟到了,不是吗?
there be句式
用there
There will be a show at the theatre tonight, won't there? 今晚剧院有一场演出,是吗?
感叹句
反义疑问部分用否定
What a nice day, isn't it? 天气真不错,是不是?
祈使句(动词开头)
祈使句为肯定句,用won't you/will you;祈使句为否定句,用will you或can you
Come to the party with me, won't/ will you?
和我一起来参加聚会吧,好吗?
Don't make too much noise, will/ can you?
不要制造太多的噪声,好吗?
Let/let’s祈使句
Let's开头用shall we;
Let me/us开头用will you
Let's go to the party, shall we?
我们去参加聚会吧,好吗?
Let us study together, will you?
让我们一起学习,好吗?
主从复合句
主句主语非第一人称
反义疑问部分随主句
She said that he didn't like it, didn't she?
她说他不喜欢它,是不是?
He knows where I live, doesn't he?
他知道我住在哪儿,是不是?
第一人称+think/ believe/ suppose/ imagine/ expect+宾从
反义疑问部分随从句
(注意陈述部分的否定前置)
I think that it is too short, isn't it?
我认为它太短了,对不对?
I don't think he will come, will he?
我认为他不会来,对吗?
特殊词汇
带有never、nothing、rarely、hardly、few、seldom、little等否定词
前否后肯
(陈述部分视为否定句)
You have never read Gorky's works, have you?
你从未读过高尔基的作品,是不是?
带有“否定前缀或后缀”的词,如dislike、unfair、useless等
前肯后否
(陈述部分视为肯定句)
You dislike the new album, don't you?
你不喜欢这张新专辑,是吗?
特殊情态动词
有情态动词 used to
用usedn't或didn't
He used to be a professor, usedn't/ didn't he?
他过去是位教授,不是吗?
有情态动词had better
用hadn't或shouldn't
You'd better go with me, hadn't/ shouldn't you?
你最好和我一块去,好吗?
有情态动词have/ has/ had to
用do的相应形式
They had to leave early on Sunday, didn't they?
他们星期天得早点出发,是不是?
must表示“必须”
否定用mustn't;
肯定用must
You must send for a doctor, mustn't you?
你必须找个医生来,好不好?
You mustn't walk on the grass, must you?
禁止践踏草坪,知不知道?
must表示“有必要”
用needn't
We must have a meeting this evening, needn't we?
我们今晚得开个会,是不是?
must意为“一定,准是”
对现在推测,
用be not + 主语
You must be very happy, aren't you?
你一定很开心,是不是?
They must be playing football, aren't they?
他们准是在踢足球,是不是?
对过去情况的推测(有明确的过去时间)用didn't
It must have rained last night, didn't it?
昨晚一定下雨了,对吧?
对已经完成情况的推测(无过去时间)用hasn't或haven't
He must have studied French for many years, hasn't he? 他学法语一定很多年了,对吧?
【即时训练】
一、单选题
40.—______ you ever been to the Great Wall, Li Ming?
—Yes, I went there with my parents last year.
A. Do B. Did C. Have D. Will
41.—______ this red sweater belong to you, Lucy?
—No, it ______. My sweater is blue.
A. Does; doesn’t B. Is; isn’t C. Do; don’t D. Was; wasn’t
42.—______ do you usually go to school every morning, Tom?
—By bike. It’s good exercise for me.
A. When B. Where C. How D. Why
43.—______ will your cousin come back from America?
—In three days. He told me he’d bring me a gift.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far
44. Do you prefer drinking tea ______ coffee, Mrs. Smith?
—Tea, please. I think it’s healthier.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
45.—______ you go to the cinema this Saturday ______ stay at home to watch TV?
—I’ll stay at home. I have a lot of homework to do.
A. Do; and B. Will; or C. Did; but D. Are; so
46.—Your brother has never been to Beijing, ______ he?
—No, he hasn’t. He plans to go there next year.
A. has B. hasn’t C. does D. doesn’t
47.—They will have a picnic in the park this weekend, ______ they?
—Yes, they will. The weather forecast says it will be sunny.
A. won’t B. will C. don’t D. do
48.—Let’s go to the supermarket to buy some fruit, ______ we?
—Good idea! I need to buy some apples.
A. will B. won’t C. shall D. shan’t
49.—This storybook is very interesting, ______ it?
—No, I don’t think so. I think it’s a little boring.
A. isn’t B. is C. doesn’t D. does
50.—He hardly eats fast food because it’s unhealthy, ______ he?
—No, he doesn’t. He only eats home-cooked meals.
A. does B. doesn’t C. is D. isn’t
51.—They must have finished the project by now, ______ they?
—No, they haven’t. There was a small problem with the data.
A. haven’t B. have C. mustn’t D. must
52.He said his brother would come to the party, ______ he?
A. didn’t B. wouldn’t C. did D. would
53. I don’t think she will join the sports club, ______ she?
A. do B. don’t C. will D. won’t
54. There are some students who want to visit the museum, ______ there?
A. aren’t B. are C. don’t D. do
二、完成以下句子的反义疑问部分。
55. Catherine is a girl’s name, ___________?
56. I am a teacher, ___________?
57. There’s little water in the glass, ___________?
58. Don’t take the book out of the library, ___________?
59. He’ll never forget it, ___________?
60. Let’s have a rest, ___________?
61. I think Kate speaks English well, ___________?
62. That boy must be Tom, ___________?
63.He can hardly swim, ___________?
64. Everyone in your family is a teacher, ___________?
65.You must have stayed up late yesterday, ___________?
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编写说明:2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分30个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇、词组及句型的语言运用清单,同时也包括了口语交际的提问与回答。第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第10个专题,内容为句子种类(陈述句、祈使句、感叹句、疑问句)。
2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题10 句子种类(讲+练)
(
【考点解读】
句子的种类可以按照用途(功能)分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种;也可按结构分为简单句、并列句和主从复合句。本专题仅针对第一种分类方法进行知识梳理。
纵观
近
五
年的职教高考真题,
相关
考查
包括语言知识点和情景交际,侧重
以下几个方面:
1.
祈使句(①句式结构;②应答;③
“
祈使句+并列连词and/or+陈述句”句式)
——如
2025年第4题考查动词原形开头的祈使句;
2.
感叹句(①句式结构;②应答)
——
如2021年第12题考查情境交际-感叹句应答;
3.
疑问句(①句式结构;②应答;③反义疑问)
——如
2022年第10题考查特殊疑问句结构;2023年第16题、2022年第11-14题考查情景交际-疑问句的应答;
注:陈述句的考查主要是时态语态、主谓一致性、相关主从复合句等的考查,后续有单独的专题,不在此赘述。
)
【句子种类】
根据句子的用途(功能)可划分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种。
【知识点清单一】陈述句
用于陈述事实、表达观点或说明情况,句末用句号(.),语调平稳。是英语中最基础、使用频率最高的句型,陈述句有肯定和否定两种形式,其一般语序为“主语部分+谓语部分+其他成分”。
类别
结构
例句
肯定陈述句
基本结构:主语(S)+ 谓语(V)+ 其他成分(宾语 / 表语 / 状语等)(主谓一致是关键)。
She likes swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
His dream is to become a doctor. 他的梦想是当一名医生。
It would be better if there were fewer people. 如果人数少一些会更好。
否定陈述句
实义动词否定:加don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t(根据时态 / 人称变化);
He didn’t buy the car yesterday. 昨天他没有买那部车。
The poor man doesn't have money to buy a cake. 那个穷人没钱买蛋糕。
be 动词 / 情态动词否定:直接加 not(如 is not = isn’t,can not = can’t)。
She is not good at playing chess. 她不擅长下棋。
You needn't do that. 你没必要做这个。
It can't be true. 不可能是真的。
含否定词(not、no、never、no one、nowhere、none、nothing、nobody等)或半否定词(hardly、scarcely、rarely、seldom、few、little等)
Nobody knows him. 没有人知道他。
I have nothing but courage. 除了勇气,我一无所有。
We seldom go to the cinema.我们很少去电影院。
We eat chips every night, but hardly ever have fish.
我们每晚都吃炸薯条,但几乎从不吃鱼。
知识要点:
1.主谓一致:陈述句的核心语法考点,需根据主语的单复数、时态匹配谓语(如单数主语用单数谓语,复数主语用复数谓语;不可数名词作主语视为单数)。
示例:
正确:The news is very important.(news 为不可数名词,谓语用 is)
错误:The news are very important.
2.否定句的正确构成:避免 “双重否定” 误用
例如:“我没有没有钱” 不能译为 I don’t have no money.需改为 I don’t have any money
以及 “实义动词、be 动词”的否定差异。
3.陈述句与其他句型的转换:如陈述句变一般疑问句(将 be 动词 / 情态动词提前,或加助动词 do/does/did)。
注意事项:
一、句意的肯定/否定≠句子种类的肯定/否定
①有些句子结构虽然表示否定的含义,但句子仍然是肯定句。
②有些否定陈述可以表达肯定意义。
句子结构
含义
句子类型
例句
包含反义词缀(如un-、in-、ir-、il-、dis-、mis-、non-、-less等)
否定
肯定句
It's useless trying to persuade him.试图说服他是没用的
The man is dishonest.这个男人不诚实。
You have mistaken it. 你弄错了。
介词或介词短语(如off、without、instead of、against、out of、beyond 等)
否定
肯定句
The place has changed beyond recognition.
这个地方已经变得认不出来了。
形容词 last 有时意为“最不可能的,最不适当的”
否定
肯定句
He is the last person I'd ask for help.
他是我最不愿求助的人。
固定短语或习语:
be free from/ of不含…的;不受…影响的
far from远非;几乎相反
too...to...太…而不能…
anything but决不,根本不
否定
肯定句
After finishing the heavy project, she finally felt free of work pressure and planned a short trip.完成繁重的项目后,她终于摆脱了工作压力,计划去短途旅行。
The new policy is far from perfect—many people think it still needs to be improved.这项新政策远非完美——很多人认为它仍需改进。
He is anything but lazy—he gets up at 6 every morning to study and helps his family with housework.他根本不懒——他每天早上 6 点起床学习,还帮家里做家务。
cannot/ can't/ can never…too无论怎么…也不为过;
cannot...but...除…之外别无可能
can't help but do sth.忍不住/无法抑制做某事
肯定
否定句
You can't be too careful.你越仔细越好。
You can't help but admire him.你会忍不住钦佩他。
二、否定句的完全否定与部分否定
①当含有全体意义的代词、限定词或副词,如 all、each、every(及其合成词)、both、always、entirely、wholly等和否定词 not连用的时候,构成部分否定。
例如:Not both of them are useful.它们两个并非都有用。
It is not found everywhere.并不是到处都能发现它。
②若表示完全否定,可借助 none、no one、nobody、nothing、neither等。
例如:None of the students can understand him. 没有一个学生能理解他的意思。
Neither of the answers is correct. 两个答案都不对。
【即时训练】
一、单选题
1.My sister, together with her classmates, ______ a walk in the park every weekend.
A. take B. takes C. took D. will take
【答案】B
【解析】考查“主谓一致”。主语“my sister” 后接 “together with her classmates”(伴随状语,不影响主语单复数),主语为单数,且“every weekend” 提示一般现在时,谓语用第三人称单数形式 “takes”。句意:我姐姐和她的同学们每周都会在公园散步。
2.Tom ______ finish his homework yesterday because he was ill.
A. isn’t B. doesn’t C. didn’t D. won’t
【答案】C
【解析】考查“否定陈述句的时态匹配”。句中“yesterday”提示一般过去时,否定实义动词“finish” 需借助助动词“did”加“not”,缩写为“didn’t”。句意:汤姆昨天没完成作业,因为他生病了。
3.There ______ a small river and several trees in front of my old house.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查“there be 句型的主谓一致及时态”。there be 句型遵循 “就近原则”,靠近 be 动词的 “a small river”(单数)决定 be 动词形式;“my old house”(旧房子)提示过去时,故用“was”.句意:我以前的房子前面有一条小河和几棵树。
4.Our teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun.
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
【答案】B
【解析】考查 “宾语从句的时态呼应”。主句 “told” 为一般过去时,但从句描述 “地球绕太阳转” 这一客观真理,需用一般现在时;主语 “the earth” 为单数,谓语用 “goes”。句意:老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
5.Peter ______ to the Great Wall with his parents twice so far.
A. has been B. was C. went D. will go
【答案】A
【解析】考查 “现在完成时的用法”。时间标志 “so far”(到目前为止)提示用现在完成时,结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”;主语 “Peter” 为单数,用 “has been”(表示 “去过某地,已返回”)。句意:到目前为止,彼得已经和父母去过两次长城了。
6.This kind of fruit ______ sweet and ______ popular among children.
A. taste; is B. tastes; is C. tastes; are D. taste; are
【答案】B
【解析】考查 “主谓一致”。第一空 “this kind of fruit”(单数)作主语,系动词 “taste” 用第三人称单数 “tastes”;第二空 “popular” 为形容词,需用 be 动词,主语仍为单数,故用 “is”。
句意:这种水果尝起来很甜,很受孩子们欢迎。
二、翻译句子
7.None of the students in this class failed the math exam.____________________________________
【答案】这个班的学生中,没有一个人数学考试不及格。
【解析】“none of + 复数名词” 表 “(三者及以上)中没有一个”,完全否定 “学生不及格” 的情况,即 “所有学生都及格了”,无例外。
8.Not all students finished their homework.____________________________________
【答案】并非所有学生都完成了作业。
【解析】“Not all+ 复数名词” 表示部分否定。
9.My parents are not both fond of spicy food.____________________________________
【答案】我的父母并非两人都喜欢辣食。
【解析】“not both” 表 “并非两者都”,否定 “父母两人都喜欢辣”,隐含 “其中一人喜欢,另一人不喜欢”;若要表达完全否定(“两人都不喜欢”),需用“neither...nor...”(Neither of my parents is fond of spicy food)。
解析:10.She has never eaten fast food in her life.____________________________________
【答案】她这辈子从来没吃过快餐。
【解析】解析:“never” 表 “从未”,完全否定 “吃快餐” 这个动作的发生,即 “过去所有时间里都没做过”,不存在 “偶尔吃” 的部分肯定。
【知识点清单二】祈使句
祈使句用于发出命令、请求、建议或警告,主语通常是第二人称 “you”(常省略),句末用句号(.)或感叹号(!),语调强硬(命令)或委婉(请求)。
类别
结构
例句
肯定祈使句
动词原形开头的祈使句
Jack, close the window! 杰克,关上窗户!
let开头的祈使句
Let's read this dialogue. 我们来读这段对话。
加do表强调的祈使句
Do be careful next time. 下次务必小心。
省略动词的特殊祈使句
Patience! 要有耐心!
Quickly! 快!
否定祈使句
don’t 或 never+动词原形
Don't ever do that again. 不要再做那件事了。
Never lie to others. 永远不要对别人撒谎。
“Let+宾语+ not+动词原形”或“Don’t let+宾语+动词原形”
Let's not have a rest.我们别休息了。
Don't let anyone disturb you.不要让任何人打扰你。
no开头的禁止性祈使句
No entry. 禁止入内。
No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
句式补充:“祈使句 + 并列连词and/or + 陈述句”
例如:Work hard, and you will succeed. 努力学习,你就会成功。
Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点儿,否则你会迟到的。
【即时训练】
一、单选题
11. ______ the door behind you when you leave the room, please.
A. Close B. Closes C. Closing D. To close
【答案】A
【解析】考查肯定祈使句。肯定祈使句需用 “动词原形” 开头,表请求,故选 A。句意:离开房间时,请关上你身后的门。
12. ______ touch the hot pan—it may burn your hands.
A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t D. Won’t
【答案】B
【解析】考查否定祈使句。否定祈使句需用 “Dont’t + 动词原形”,表警告,故选 B。
句意:别碰热锅 —— 它可能会烫伤你的手。
13. Please ______ quiet in the library; other people are reading.
A. keep B. keeps C. keeping D. to keep
【答案】A
【解析】考查 “Please 开头的肯定祈使句”。“Please + 动词原形” 表委婉请求,“keep quiet” 是固定搭配(保持安静),故选 A。句意:请在图书馆里保持安静,其他人正在看书。
14. ______ late for school again, or the teacher will be angry.
A. Not be B. Don’t be C. Won’t be D. Isn’t
【答案】B
【解析】考查 “be 动词的否定祈使句”。否定祈使句后接 be 动词时,结构为 “Dont’t + be + 形容词”,“be late” 表 “迟到”,故选 B。句意:别再上学迟到了,否则老师会生气的。
15. Let’s ______ a picnic in the park this Sunday, shall we?
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
【答案】A
【解析】考查“Let’s开头的特殊祈使句”。“Let’s + 动词原形”表提议,意为“咱们做某事吧”,故选 A。句意:咱们这周日去公园野餐,好吗?
16. ______ the instructions carefully, ______ you will know how to use the machine.
A. Read; and B. Read; or C. Reading; and D. To read; or
【答案】A
【解析】前半句需用祈使句(动词原形 Read 开头),排除 C、D;“仔细看说明” 与 “知道如何使用机器” 是顺承关系(做前者则有后者好结果),用 and,or 表 “否则”(逻辑矛盾),故选 A。句意:仔细阅读说明书,你就会知道如何使用这台机器。
17. Hurry up, ______ you ______ miss the early bus to the station.
A. and; will B. or; will C. and; won’t D. or; won’t
【答案】B
【解析】“快点” 与 “错过早班车” 是 “不做前者则有后者坏结果”,用 or 表 “否则”;陈述句需用一般将来时(will + 动词原形),“miss” 是坏结果,无需否定,故选 B。句意:快点,否则你会错过去车站的早班车。
18. ______ more exercise every day, ______ you will keep healthy and strong.
A. Do; or B. Doing; and C. Do; and D. To do; or
【答案】C
【解析】前半句是祈使句,需用动词原形 Do 开头,排除 B、D;“每天多锻炼” 与 “保持健康强壮” 是顺承好结果,用 and,or 表 “否则”(逻辑不符),故选 C。句意:每天多锻炼,你就能保持健康强壮。
19. Don’t touch the wet paint, ______ you ______ get it on your clothes.
A. and; will B. or; will C. and; won’t D. or; won’t
【答案】B
【解析】前半句是否定祈使句(Don’t touch),“别碰湿油漆” 与 “弄到衣服上” 是 “不做前者可避免后者”,用 or 表 “否则”;陈述句表坏结果,用 will get(会弄到),无需否定,故选 B。句意:别碰湿油漆,否则你会把它弄到衣服上。
二、填空题
20.__________(knock)at the door before you enter my room,please.
【答案】Knock
【解析】考查肯定祈使句结构,动词原形开头。
21.Always__________(keep)in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
【答案】keep
【解析】考查肯定祈使句结构,动词原形开头。
22.Please __________ (not eat) in the computer room—food may damage the equipment.
【答案】don’t eat
【解析】“Please”后的否定祈使句结构为“Please don’t + 动词原形”,表委婉禁止。句意:请不要在电脑室里吃东西 —— 食物可能会损坏设备。
23.Let’s __________ (waste) time on unimportant things; we need to finish the project first.
【答案】not waste
【解析】“Let’s not”后接动词原形,表“不要浪费时间”。句意:咱们别在不重要的事情上浪费时间了,得先完成这个项目。
24.Open the window, __________let some fresh air into the room.
【答案】and
【解析】and 连接 “开窗” 与 “进新鲜空气” 的顺承结果,符合 “祈使句 + and + 陈述句” 结构。句意:打开窗户,让新鲜空气进入房间。
25. ______ (not be) late for the meeting, or you will miss the important discussion.
【答案】Don’t be
【解析】前半句是否定祈使句,“迟到” 是 “be late”,否定形式为 “Don’t be”;or 连接 “别迟到” 与 “错过重要讨论” 的否定条件结果,符合结构要求。句意:别开会迟到,否则你会错过重要的讨论。
26. Take this umbrella with you, ______ you will get wet in the rain.
【答案】or
【解析】“带伞” 与 “被雨淋湿” 是 “不做前者则有后者”,用 or 表 “否则”,连接祈使句与陈述句,体现 “预防措施 - 坏结果” 逻辑。句意:带上这把伞,否则你会被雨淋湿。
27. ______ (follow) the teacher’s advice, and you will improve your English quickly.
【答案】Follow
【解析】考查肯定祈使句(动词原形 Follow 开头,首字母大写),and 连接 “听从建议” 与 “快速提高英语” 的顺承好结果,符合 “祈使句 + and + 陈述句” 的积极逻辑。句意:听从老师的建议,你就能快速提高英语。
【知识点清单三】感叹句
感叹句用于表达强烈的情感(如喜悦、愤怒、惊讶、赞叹等),句末用感叹号(!),语调激昂。
核心结构由 “what” 或 “how” 引导。
引导词
修饰对象
句式结构
例句
what
名词(名词短语)
1.What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
2.What(+ 形容词)+不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
3. What + 形容词 + 复数名词 / 不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What a beautiful flower (it is)!好美的花!
What great fun it is!
What clever boys they are!
多聪明的男孩子们啊!
What nice air it is! 空气真好啊!
how
形容词 / 副词 / 句子
1. How + 形容词/副词+ 主语 + 谓语+其他成分! !
2. How + 主语 + 谓语!(强调整个句子)
How beautiful the flower (is)!
这花好美!
How nice! = How nice it is!
How time flies! 时间过得真快!
其他感叹句:由一个词、一个词组构成的感叹句或在表示强烈感情的陈述句、疑问句、祈使句后用感叹号构成的感叹句。
例如:Wonderful! 好极了!
They are so hardworking! 他们真勤奋!
How can you be so great! 你怎么会这么棒!
【即时训练】
一、单选题
28. ______ beautiful park it is! I want to visit it again tomorrow.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
【答案】B
【解析】感叹句中心词是可数名词单数 “park”,需用 “What a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构;“beautiful” 以辅音音素开头,用 “a”,故选 B。句意:多么漂亮的一个公园啊!我明天还想再来参观。
29. ______ fast the runner is running! He must be the first to cross the finish line.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How an
【答案】C
【解析】感叹句中心词是副词 “fast”,需用 “How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构,How 后直接接副词 / 形容词,无需加 a/an,故选 C。句意:那个跑步者跑得真快啊!他肯定会是第一个冲过终点线的人。
30. ______ interesting stories my grandma tells every night! We all love listening to them.
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
【答案】A
【解析】感叹句中心词是可数名词复数 “stories”,需用 “What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构,复数名词前不加 a/an,故选 A。句意:我奶奶每晚讲的故事多有趣啊!我们都喜欢听。
31. ______ important information our teacher gave us just now! We should write it down.
A. What a B. What C. How D. How a
【答案】B
【解析】感叹句中心词是不可数名词 “information”,需用 “What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构,不可数名词前不加 a/an,故选 B。句意:我们老师刚才给我们的信息多重要啊!我们应该把它记下来。
32. ______ lovely the little cat is! It keeps rubbing against my legs.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
【答案】C
【解析】感叹句中心词是形容词 “lovely”,需用 “How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构,How 后接形容词时无需加 a/an,故选 C。句意:这只小猫多可爱啊!它一直蹭我的腿。
33. ______ difficult problem this math question is! I need to ask my deskmate for help.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How an
【答案】B
【解析】感叹句中心词是可数名词单数 “problem”,需用 “What a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构;“difficult” 以辅音音素开头,用 “a”,故选 B。句意:这道数学题是多么难的一个问题啊!我需要向同桌求助。
二、填空题(补全感叹句)
34. ________delicious food my mom cooked today! Everyone ate a lot.
【答案】What
【解析】中心词是不可数名词 “food”,符合 “What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构,故填 What。句意:我妈妈今天做的食物多美味啊!每个人都吃了很多。
35. ________quickly Tom finishes his homework! He can play basketball now.
【答案】How
【解析】中心词是副词 “quickly”,符合 “How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构,故填 How。
句意:汤姆完成作业多快啊!他现在可以去打篮球了。
36. ________cute baby she is! All the family members love her.
【答案】What a
【解析】中心词是可数名词单数 “baby”,“cute” 以辅音音素开头,符合 “What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构,故填 What a。句意:她是多么可爱的一个宝宝啊!家里所有人都喜欢她。
37. ________beautiful the flowers in the garden are! They attract many bees.
【答案】How
【解析】中心词是形容词 “beautiful”,符合 “How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构,故填 How。句意:花园里的花多漂亮啊!它们吸引了很多蜜蜂。
38. ________interesting book this is! I can’t put it down.
【答案】What an
【解析】中心词是可数名词单数 “book”,“interesting” 以元音音素开头,符合 “What an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构,故填 What an。句意:这是多么有趣的一本书啊!我根本放不下它。
39. ________ hard the students are studying for the exam! They all want to get good grades.
【答案】How
【解析】中心词是副词 “hard”(此处表 “努力地”),符合 “How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!” 结构,故填 How。句意:学生们为了考试学习多努力啊!他们都想取得好成绩。
【知识点清单四】疑问句
用于提出问题,句末用问号(?),语调通常上扬(特殊疑问句除外)。根据提问目的,分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句四类。
类别
结构
例句
一般疑问句
be 动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语 + 其他成分,用 “yes/no” 回答。
Have you finished your packing? 你收拾好行李了吗?
Shall I tell you a story? 我给你讲个故事好吗?
Were they happy with the news? 他们对这个消息满意吗?
Did you take your medicine? 你吃过药了吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词(what/ who/ where/ when/ why/ how 等)+ 一般疑问句结构,回答需具体信息。
What are you doing? 你们在做什么?
When will you finish your homework? 你什么时候能写完作业?
Why are you late for school? 你为什么上学迟到?
选择疑问句
一般疑问句 + or + 选择项 或 特殊疑问句 + A or B,回答需选其一,不能用 yes/no。
Are you a teacher or a student? 你是老师还是学生?
—Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
—Tea./I prefer tea.
--你更喜欢茶还是咖啡?--(我更喜欢)茶。
反义疑问句
陈述句 + 简短疑问(be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语代词),遵循 “前肯后否,前否后肯”。
Beijing is a beautiful city, isn't it? 北京是座美丽的城市,不是吗?
— You can't speak Chinese, can you? 你不会说汉语,是吧?
— Yes,I can.不,我会。/ No, I can't.是的,我不会。
高频考点/难点:
一、特殊疑问句中how often、how soon、how long的用法辨析
类别
结构
例句
how long
时间长度 / 物体长度
--How long have you lived here?(多久)
--For 5 years.
how soon
“多久之后”(将来时)
--How soon will he come back?
--In 3 days.
how often
频率(“多久一次”)
--How often do you exercise?
--Twice a week.
2、 反义疑问句反义疑问部分的人称判断、结构判断
1.反义疑问部分主语判断
主语
例 句
陈述部分
反义部分
指人的不定代词no one、nobody、everyone、everybody、someone、somebody
he或 they
Everyone knows what money means, doesn't he/ don't they?
每个人都知道钱意味着什么,是吧?
不定代词everything、anything、something、nothing
it
Nothing beats home cooking, does it?
什么也比不上家里做的饭,是吧?
指示代词this、that或these、those
it或they
Those are book shelves, aren't they?
那些是书架,是吗?
不定代词 one(指人)
one
(非正式可用you)
One should at least be good at something, shouldn't one/ you?
一个人至少要有一技之长,不是吗?
从句、非谓语动词
it
Learning to play the piano isn't easy, is it?
学弹钢琴不容易,是吗?
What you said is wrong, isn't it? 你说的不对,不是吗?
2.反义疑问部分的结构判断
分类
陈述句结构
判断规则
例句
特殊
句式
I am...句式
用aren’t I
I’m late, aren’t I? 我迟到了,不是吗?
there be句式
用there
There will be a show at the theatre tonight, won't there? 今晚剧院有一场演出,是吗?
感叹句
反义疑问部分用否定
What a nice day, isn't it? 天气真不错,是不是?
祈使句(动词开头)
祈使句为肯定句,用won't you/will you;祈使句为否定句,用will you或can you
Come to the party with me, won't/ will you?
和我一起来参加聚会吧,好吗?
Don't make too much noise, will/ can you?
不要制造太多的噪声,好吗?
Let/let’s祈使句
Let's开头用shall we;
Let me/us开头用will you
Let's go to the party, shall we?
我们去参加聚会吧,好吗?
Let us study together, will you?
让我们一起学习,好吗?
主从复合句
主句主语非第一人称
反义疑问部分随主句
She said that he didn't like it, didn't she?
她说他不喜欢它,是不是?
He knows where I live, doesn't he?
他知道我住在哪儿,是不是?
第一人称+think/ believe/ suppose/ imagine/ expect+宾从
反义疑问部分随从句
(注意陈述部分的否定前置)
I think that it is too short, isn't it?
我认为它太短了,对不对?
I don't think he will come, will he?
我认为他不会来,对吗?
特殊词汇
带有never、nothing、rarely、hardly、few、seldom、little等否定词
前否后肯
(陈述部分视为否定句)
You have never read Gorky's works, have you?
你从未读过高尔基的作品,是不是?
带有“否定前缀或后缀”的词,如dislike、unfair、useless等
前肯后否
(陈述部分视为肯定句)
You dislike the new album, don't you?
你不喜欢这张新专辑,是吗?
特殊情态动词
有情态动词 used to
用usedn't或didn't
He used to be a professor, usedn't/ didn't he?
他过去是位教授,不是吗?
有情态动词had better
用hadn't或shouldn't
You'd better go with me, hadn't/ shouldn't you?
你最好和我一块去,好吗?
有情态动词have/ has/ had to
用do的相应形式
They had to leave early on Sunday, didn't they?
他们星期天得早点出发,是不是?
must表示“必须”
否定用mustn't;
肯定用must
You must send for a doctor, mustn't you?
你必须找个医生来,好不好?
You mustn't walk on the grass, must you?
禁止践踏草坪,知不知道?
must表示“有必要”
用needn't
We must have a meeting this evening, needn't we?
我们今晚得开个会,是不是?
must意为“一定,准是”
对现在推测,
用be not + 主语
You must be very happy, aren't you?
你一定很开心,是不是?
They must be playing football, aren't they?
他们准是在踢足球,是不是?
对过去情况的推测(有明确的过去时间)用didn't
It must have rained last night, didn't it?
昨晚一定下雨了,对吧?
对已经完成情况的推测(无过去时间)用hasn't或haven't
He must have studied French for many years, hasn't he? 他学法语一定很多年了,对吧?
【即时训练】
一、单选题
40.—______ you ever been to the Great Wall, Li Ming?
—Yes, I went there with my parents last year.
A. Do B. Did C. Have D. Will
【答案】C
【解析】答语 “ever been” 提示用现在完成时,一般疑问句需将助动词 “Have” 提前;Do/Did 用于一般现在时 / 过去时,Will 用于将来时,均不符,故选 C。
41.—______ this red sweater belong to you, Lucy?
—No, it ______. My sweater is blue.
A. Does; doesn’t B. Is; isn’t C. Do; don’t D. Was; wasn’t
【答案】A
【解析】实义动词 “belong” 的一般现在时疑问句需用助动词 “Does”(主语 “sweater” 是单数);否定回答用 “doesn’t”,is/was 后接形容词 / 分词,不接动词原形,故选 A。
42.—______ do you usually go to school every morning, Tom?
—By bike. It’s good exercise for me.
A. When B. Where C. How D. Why
【答案】C
【解析】答语“By bike” 表 “方式”,用“How”提问;When 问时间,Where 问地点,Why 问原因,均不符,故选 C。
43.—______ will your cousin come back from America?
—In three days. He told me he’d bring me a gift.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far
【答案】B
【解析】答语 “In three days” 表 “将来的时间段”,用 “How soon” 提问;How long 问 “持续时间”,How often 问 “频率”,How far 问 “距离”,均不符,故选 B。
44. Do you prefer drinking tea ______ coffee, Mrs. Smith?
—Tea, please. I think it’s healthier.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
【答案】B
【解析】选择疑问句用“or”连接选择项,表“或者”;and表并列,but表转折,so表结果,均不符,故选 B。
45.—______ you go to the cinema this Saturday ______ stay at home to watch TV?
—I’ll stay at home. I have a lot of homework to do.
A. Do; and B. Will; or C. Did; but D. Are; so
【答案】B
【解析】答语“this Saturday” 提示用将来时,用“Will”开头;选择疑问句用“or”连接选项,and/but/so 均不符,故选 B。
46.—Your brother has never been to Beijing, ______ he?
—No, he hasn’t. He plans to go there next year.
A. has B. hasn’t C. does D. doesn’t
【答案】A
【解析】反义疑问句遵循 “前否后肯”,前句含否定词“never”,疑问部分用肯定;前句助动词是“has”,疑问部分也用“has”,故选 A。
47.—They will have a picnic in the park this weekend, ______ they?
—Yes, they will. The weather forecast says it will be sunny.
A. won’t B. will C. don’t D. do
【答案】A
【解析】反义疑问句遵循“前肯后否”,前句是肯定的一般将来时(will),疑问部分用否定“won’t”,故选 A。
48.—Let’s go to the supermarket to buy some fruit, ______ we?
—Good idea! I need to buy some apples.
A. will B. won’t C. shall D. shan’t
【答案】C
【解析】“Let’s”开头的祈使句,反义疑问句用“shall we”(表提议,包含说话人);“Let us”开头用“will you”,故选 C。
49.—This storybook is very interesting, ______ it?
—No, I don’t think so. I think it’s a little boring.
A. isn’t B. is C. doesn’t D. does
【答案】A
【解析】前句是肯定的主系表结构(is),反义疑问句遵循“前肯后否”,疑问部分用“isn’t”;前句无实义动词,不用do/does,故选 A。
50.—He hardly eats fast food because it’s unhealthy, ______ he?
—No, he doesn’t. He only eats home-cooked meals.
A. does B. doesn’t C. is D. isn’t
【答案】A
【解析】前句含否定词“hardly”(几乎不),反义疑问句遵循“前否后肯”;前句实义动词“eats”的助动词是“does”,疑问部分用 “does”,故选 A。
51.—They must have finished the project by now, ______ they?
—No, they haven’t. There was a small problem with the data.
A. haven’t B. have C. mustn’t D. must
【答案】A
【解析】must表“对过去已完成动作的推测”时,反义疑问句需依据句中实际时态(have finished是现在完成时),遵循“前肯后否”,故用haven’t;mustn’t/must不用于此类反义疑问句,故选 A。
52.He said his brother would come to the party, ______ he?
A. didn’t B. wouldn’t C. did D. would
【答案】A
【解析】主从复合句中,若主句的主语是第一人称(I/we)且谓语是think/believe/suppose等表“观点”的动词,反义疑问句需随从句;若主句主语是非第一人称(如本题he),反义疑问句需随主句。本题主句“said”是过去式,且为肯定句,遵循“前肯后否”,故用didn’t,选 A。
53. I don’t think she will join the sports club, ______ she?
A. do B. don’t C. will D. won’t
【答案】C
【解析】主句主语是第一人称(I),谓语是 think,且主句为否定句(don’t think),此时反义疑问句需随从句,并忽略主句的否定(即按从句 “she will join...”的肯定含义处理,遵循 “前肯后否”),故用 will,选 C。
54. There are some students who want to visit the museum, ______ there?
A. aren’t B. are C. don’t D. do
【答案】A
【解析】本题是含定语从句的主从复合句,反义疑问句需随主句(there be 句型),而非定语从句(who want...)。主句 “there are” 是肯定句,遵循 “前肯后否”,故用 aren’t,选 A。
二、完成以下句子的反义疑问部分。
55. Catherine is a girl’s name, ___________?
【答案】isn’t it
【解析】前句是“肯定句”(is 表肯定),疑问部分需用“否定形式”;前句主语“Catherine”(女孩名,指事物“名字”),疑问部分用代词“it”代替;故填“isn’t it”。
56. I am a teacher, ___________?
【答案】aren’t I
【解析】陈述部分是I am 结构,反义疑问部分用“aren’t I”。
57. There’s little water in the glass, ___________?
【答案】is there
【解析】前句含否定词“little”(几乎没有,表否定),属于“前否”,疑问部分需用“肯定形式”;
“there be 句型”,疑问部分需保留“there”,故填“is there”。
58. Don’t take the book out of the library, ___________?
【答案】will you
【解析】否定祈使句的反义疑问部分用“will you”。
59. He’ll never forget it, ___________?
【答案】will he
【解析】前句含否定词“never”,疑问部分需用“肯定形式”;前句谓语“will forget”疑问部分助动词用“will”,故填“will he”。
60. Let’s have a rest, ___________?
【答案】shall we
【解析】特殊祈使句“Let’s...”反义疑问句固定用“shall we”。
61. I think Kate speaks English well, ___________?
【答案】doesn’t she
【解析】前句是“第一人称主从复合句(I think + 宾语从句)”,反义疑问句需根据宾语从句判断。宾语从句“Kate speaks English well”是肯定句,谓语“speaks”(第三人称单数),否定形式需用助动词“doesn’t”,主语“Kate”用代词“she”代替,故填“doesn’t she”。
62. That boy must be Tom, ___________?
【答案】isn’t he
【解析】前句“must be”表“对现在情况的肯定推测”,反义疑问句需去掉must,根据be动词判断;
前句是肯定推测,疑问部分用否定形式“isn’t”,主语“That boy”用代词“he”代替,故填“isn’t he”。
63.He can hardly swim, ___________?
【答案】can he
【解析】前句含否定词“hardly”(几乎不,表否定),疑问部分用“肯定形式”;前句助动词是“can”,疑问部分直接用“can”,故填“can he”。
64. Everyone in your family is a teacher, ___________?
【答案】aren’t they
【解析】前句主语“Everyone”(不定代词,表 “所有人”),反义疑问句中常用复数代词“they”代替(避免性别歧义);谓语“is”的否定为“isn’t”,但搭配“they”时,需调整为“aren’t”(语法一致),故填“aren’t they”。
65.You must have stayed up late yesterday, ___________?
【答案】didn’t you
【解析】前句“must have done”表“对过去情况的肯定推测”,且有明确过去时间“yesterday”,反义疑问句需去掉must,根据过去时动词判断;前句谓语“stayed”(过去式,实义动词),否定形式需用助动词“didn’t”,故填“didn’t you”
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