内容正文:
Unit 1 How can we become good learner?
1. learn v.学习;学会(强调学习的结果)
(1)learn的三形:learn-learnt-learnt或learn-learned-learned
(2)learn sth学习某事物(learn English学习英语)
(3)learn to do sth学习(学会)做某事
(4)learn from sb/sth 向某人/某事物学习
(5)learn a lot学到很多
(6)learner学习者
(7)study v.学习;研究(强调学习的过程) n.研究;书房
2. by + doing sth通过做某事 (一般用作方式状语)
3. ways to study English 学习英语的方法
(1)work with friends和朋友们一起学习
(2)make word cards制作词汇卡片
(3)read the textbook读课本
(4)listen to tapes听录音
(5)ask the teacher for help向老师寻求帮助
(6)study with a group和小组成员一起学习
4. ask的用法:
(1)ask (sb) for sth(向某人)寻求某物
(2)ask sb about sth问某人关于某事物
(3)ask sb (not) to do sth要求某人(不要)做某事
5. study for a test备考
6. get mad变得发疯 (get是表示变化的系动词)
7. anyone与someone
(1)二者都是复合不定代词,都可意为“某人/有人”
(2)anyone某人/有人(用于疑问句和否定句);任何人(用于肯定句)
(3)someone某人/有人(用于肯定句和希肯疑问句——希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句)
8. have conversations with sb与某人做对话
9. What about + doing sth? = How about + doing sth?做某事怎么样?(常用来表示提建议)
10. Why don’t you + do sth? = Why not + do sth?为什么不做某事呢?(常用来表示提建议)
11. aloud/ loud / loudy
(1)read aloud大声读;朗读 (aloud强调发出声音)
(2)a loud voice一个大的声音 speak louder大声点儿说 (loud强调大声的)
(3)talk loudly大声谈论(loudly强调因声音大而显得吵闹)
12. practice v.& n.练习
(1)practice sth练习某事物 →practice basketball练习篮球
(2)practice doing sth练习做某事 →practice playing basketball练习打篮球
(3)Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
13. Have you ever done sth? 你曾经做过某事吗?Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
★现在完成时的基本结构:
(1)陈述句:Sb have / has done sth.
(2)否定句:Sb haven’t / hasn’t done sth.
(3)疑问句:Have / has sb done sth? Yes, sb have. / No, sb haven’t.
★备注:现在完成时里的have / has是助动词,其作用是帮助过去分词一起构成现在完成时。
14. (in) that way (用)那种方式 → (in) this way(用)这种方式
15. improve v.改善;提高 → improvement n.改善;提高
→self-improvement自我提高
16. speaking skills口语技巧 →spoken English英语口语
17. It is + adj.+ (for sb) + to do sth.(对于某人来说,)做某事是......的。
(此句型中,it是形式主语,to do sth才是真正的主语,for sb有时可省略,adj.修饰to do sth)
18. the best way to do sth做某事的最好方式
19. keep a diary in English用英语写日记
20. look up 查阅,查找(动副)(其名词宾语可中可后,代词宾语用宾格放中间)
21. a little nervous有点儿紧张 a little water一些水 a (little) boy一个小男孩
22. have to不得不;必须(强调被动性) → must必须(强调主动性)
23. finish v.完成
(1)finish sth完成某事物
(2)finish doing sth完成做某事
24. give a report做一场报告 give a speech发表一次演讲
25. this morning/ that day / last night / next month等时间状语前不用介词
26. sound 的用法:
(1) link v.“听起来”
(2) v.(使)发出声音
(3) n.声音(泛指一切声音)
(4) adj.酣(睡);(睡得)沉
27. sound与sound like
(1)sound + adj. (例如:That sounds good.)
(2)sound like + n. (例如:That sounds like a good idea.)
28. a very slow reader一个很慢的读者
29. Just read quickly [to get the main idea].只管快速阅读以弄清大意。[to get the main idea是动词不定式作目的状语]
30. at first起初;刚开始 first of all首先;第一 for the first time第一次
31. word by word一个词接一个词;逐词 word group意群;词组
32. none of其中之零 one of其中之一 some of其中一些
many of其中许多 all of其中所有
33. try的用法:
(1)try to do sth尽力做某事;试图做某事;企图做某事
(2)try doing sth尝试做某事
(3)try /do one’s best to do sth尽某人最大努力做某事
(4)try on试穿
(5)have a try试一试
34. probable adj.很可能的 →去e加y变为probably adv.很可能地
★在所有表示可能性的词,probably的可能性最大
35. You probably know more / [than you think].与你所认为的相比,你很可能知道的更多。[than引导比较状语从句]。
36. patient的用法:
(1)patient ①adj.有耐心的 ②n.病人 → patiently adv.耐心地
(2)impatient adj.没有耐心的;不耐烦的 →impatiently adv.无耐性地;不耐烦地
(3)patient变t为ce = patience n.耐心
(4)be patient with sb对某人有耐心
(5)be patient with patients对病人有耐心
37. It takes time.这需要时间。(此处take表示“花费(时间)”)
38. become better变得更好 (此处become是表示变化的系动词 )
39. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.你读得越多,你就会越快。
★此句的句型是:“The + 比较级......,the + 比较级......”,表示“越......,就越......”
40. Wei Fen found it <difficult> to learn English. 魏芬发现学习英语是困难的。
此句的句型是:★Sb find it + adj. + to do sth.某人发现做某事......。(it是形式
宾语,to do sth才是真正的宾语,adj.对宾语进行补充说明,it和adj.之间不需要
be动词)
41. 用“to”表示“的”:
(1)the secret to ......的秘诀 (2)the answer to ......的答案
(3)the key to......的钥匙 (4)the ticket to ......的票
(5)the way to ......方法;去......的路
(★在这几个短语中,“to”表示“的”,相当于一个名词所有格)
42. like的用法:
(1)like 作v. 喜欢
①like sth喜欢某事物
②like to do sth 喜欢做某事(一时地)
③like doing sth 喜欢做某事(一直地)
(2)like作prep. 像
①be like像
②look like看起来像
③ feel like 感觉像;想要 (feel like doing sth想要做某事)
④would like 想要,愿意(用法与want一致,但比want更委婉)
※ want的用法:want sth / want to do sth / want sb to do sth
43. so + adj./adv. + that引导的结果状语从句(即so...that... 如此......以至于......)
44. be afraid的用法:
(1)be afraid + to do sth = be afraid of + doing sth害怕做某事
(2)I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。
(3)I’m afraid so.恐怕如此。
45. because of 与because
(1)because of 因为(of是介词,其后+ n. /pron. /v-ing)
(2)because conj.因为(because本身是一个表示原因的从属连词,其后 + 一个句子)
46. poor adj.贫穷的;可怜的;贫瘠的 → the poor 穷人(the + adj.表示一类人)
47. hide /haɪd/ - hid /hɪd/ - hidden /ˈhɪdn/ v.隐藏;躲藏
48. one day有一天(既可指过去,也可是将来)
49. an (English) movie (called Toy Story)一部名叫《Toy Story》的英文电影 (此短语中,English是形容词作前置定语,called Toy Story是过去分词作后
置定语,二者均修饰名词movie)
50. fall /fɔ:l/ - fell /fel/- fallen/ˈfɔ:lən/ v.掉落;落下;跌落
(1)fall in love with 爱上(某人或某物)
(2)fall asleep入睡;睡着;进入梦乡
(3)fall off跌落;掉落
(4)fall down跌倒;摔倒;倒塌
51. begin /bɪˈɡɪn/- began /bɪˈɡæn/ - begun /bɪˈɡʌn/ - beginning/bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/ v.开始;启动
(1)begin to do sth = begin doing sth开始做某事
(2)beginning/bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/ ①v.begin的现在分词 ②n.开始;开端
52. other / the other / others / the others
(1)other adj.别的;其他的(其后 + cn.复,相当于others, 不带the,说明不包括剩余所有)
(2)the other adj.&pron别的;其他的
①作pron. 指(两个中的)另外一个,常用短语为:one..., the other...
②作adj. 其后 + c.n.单, 指“(两个中的)另外一个...”,常用短语为:one... , the other + c.n.单...
(3) others是pron. 别的/其他的(人或事物)(不带the,说明不包括剩余所有)
(4)the others是pron. = the other + c.n.复, 指“(两部分中的)另外一部分”(带the,说明包括剩余所有),常用短语为:some..., the others... 或 some..., the other + c.n.复...
53. could与can的关系
(1)could是与can的过去式 Eg: Tom could swim when he was 4 years old.
(2)could是与can的委婉形式 Eg: Could you please tell me...?
54. body language肢体语言
55. the expressions (on their faces)他们脸上的表情
(1)on their faces是介词短语作后置定语
(2)express v.表示;表达;表露 adj.特快的;快速的;快递的 n.快递服务
(3)expression n.表示;表达;表情
56. realize / achieve / come true
(1)realize /ˈri:əlaɪz/ v. ①理解;领会;认识到;意识到 ②实现;将…变为现实
(2)achieve/əˈtʃi:v/ v.(凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准);完成;成功
(3)come true(梦想、计划等)成为现实
★realize / achieve的主语是人,而come true的主语是梦想、计划等
例如:①I hope that I can achieve / realize my dream.我希望我可以实现我的梦想。
②I hope that my dream can come true.我希望我的梦想可以成为现实。
57. discover与invent
(1)discover v.发现;揭示 →discovery n.发现;发觉;被发现的事物(或真相、人)
→cover v.覆盖;遮盖 n.盖子;覆盖物;封面
(2)invent v.发明 →invention 发明物 →inventor发明者;发明家
58. help的用法:
(1) v.帮助;有用
①help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事(to通常省略)
②help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人
③I think it helps.我认为这有作用。
④can’t help + doing sth情不自禁做某事
(2)n.帮助
①Thanks for your help.谢谢你的帮助。
②give sb. some help给某人一些帮助 = give sb a hand帮某人一把
59. key words关键词 main idea主旨;大意 topic sentence主题句
60. 四个“也”:
(1)also用于be动词/情态动词/助动词之后,实义动词之前
(2)as well用于肯定句句尾,无需用逗号与主句隔开
(3)too用于肯定句句尾,通常用逗号与主句隔开
(4)either用于否定句句尾,通常用逗号与主句隔开
61. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. (此句中,that引导宾语从句,listening to something interesting是动名词短语做主语,所以谓语动词用单数形式is)
62. It’s a piece of cake. 小菜一碟。
63. It serves you right.你活该。
64. enjoy v.喜欢;享受
(1)enjoy sth喜欢(享受)某物
(2)enjoy doing sth 喜欢(享受)做某事
(3)enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun玩得开心
65. so that / so...that... / such...that...
(1) so that以便;为的是(引导目的状语从句)
(2) so...that...如此......以至于...... (引导结果状语从句)
①so + adj. / adv. + that...
② so + adj. + a/an + c.n.单 + that...
(3) such...that...如此......以至于...... (引导结果状语从句)
①such + a/an + adj. + c.n.单 + that...
②such + adj. + c.n.复 / u.n. + that...
66. write to sb给某人信 hear from sb收到某人来信
67. physics物理 /math(s) 数学 /politics政治 (这几个学科看起来像复数,实际上它们都是单数 )
68. 关于英语学习方法的动词短语
(1) ask the teacher for help (2)work with friends
(3)work /study with a group (4)watch English videos / movies /programs
(5)listen to/sing English songs (6)listen to tapes
(7)have conversations with friends
(8)read English magazines /English newspapers /the textbook
(9)read aloud read a lot (10)repeat out loud
(11)take notes (12)do grammar exercises
(13)make word cards (14)use an English dictionary
(15)write e-mails to pen pals (16)memorize sentence patterns
(17)keep a diary in English (18)join an English club
(19)go to English Corner (20)surf the Internet
69. 表达英语学习困难的句型
(1) I can’t pronounce some of the words.
(2) I can’t always understand spoken English.
(3) I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.
(4) I can’t spell some of the words.
(5) I often make mistakes in grammar.
(6) I’m nervous when I speak English.
(7) I can’t understand native speakers of English.
70. 给别人的英语学习提建议的句型
(1) You should + do sth.
(2) Why don’t you /Why not + do sth?
(3) What about /How about + doing sth?
(4) Please + do sth.
(5) Doing sth can help your ….
71. pronounce /prəˈnaʊns/ v.发音;读音;正式宣布 (pro+noun+ce)
pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn/ n.发音;读音(pro+nun+ci+ation)
72. I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.
(1) how to increase my reading speed是复合不定式作宾语
★(特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式 = 复合不定式)
(2) increase /ɪnˈkri:s/ v.(使)增长,增多;增加 n.增长;增多;增加
①increase to增加到 ②increase by增加了
73. make mistakes (in) (在......方面)犯错误 make a mistake犯一个错误
74. make a list列清单 list n. 清单;目录;一览表 v.列出;列清单
75. challenge n.挑战;艰巨的任务;挑战书 v. 向......挑战
76. solve /sɒlv/ v.解决;处理 →solution /səˈlu:ʃn/ n.解决办法;处理手段
77. have trouble /problems / difficulties (in) doing sth在做某事上有麻烦/问题/困难have fun (in) doing sth = have a good time (in) doing sth玩得开心
78. from time to time不时;偶尔;时而 = sometimes = at times
79. I don’t have a partner (to practice English with). 我没有一个一起练习英语的搭档。(此句中,①to practice English with是动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词partner;★②with因为有宾语(partner),所以不能省略。)
类似用法:①I don’t have a house (to live in).我没有可以居住的房子。
②I want to have a chair (to sit on).我想拥有一把能坐在上面的椅子。
80. maybe与may be
(1)maybe adv. 大概,或许,可能 (用于句首) Eg: Maybe she is right.
(2)may be 是“情态动词 + be动词原形”,表示“可能是”(用于句中, 作
谓语) Eg: She may be right.
81. 四个“参加”
(1)join + 团体、组织等
(2)join in +比赛、游戏、娱乐项目等活动 、
(3)take part in +群众性活动,并在活动中发挥积极作用
(4)attend(出席)+ 会议、婚礼、讲座等
82. good learning habits好的学习习惯
83. think of 想起;认为
84. be born with天生具有
85. the ability to do sth做某事的能力(to do sth是不定式作后置定语)
86. whether or not 是否 whether...or not是否
87. depend on取决于;依赖;依靠;随......而定
88. research / study shows that...研究表明......(that引导宾语从句)
89. success n.成功 →successful adj.成功的 →successfully adv.成功地
succeed v.成功 → succeed (in) doing sth成功做某事
90. have...in common有......共同之处
(1)have something in common有一些共同之处
(2)have nothing in common没有共同之处
91. be interested in对......感兴趣 get / become interested in变得对......感兴趣
92. if conj. 如果;是否
(1)意为“如果”时,引导[条件状语从句](适用“主将从现 /主情从现 /主祈从现”原则);
(2)意为“是否”时,引导宾语从句。 例如:★ I don’t know if Tom will come here tomorrow. If he comes, I will tell you.
93. more active更积极;更活跃 more fun更有趣 more often更经常
94. pay attention to + n. / pron. / v-ing 注意......;关注......(to是介词)
95. for a long time 持续很长时间;持续很久
(★“for+时间段”表示动作持续多长时间)
96. connect...with...把......与......连接或联系起来
97. for example例如(其后 + 逗号 + 一个句子)
such as例如(其后 + 一串词或短语)(as是介词,其后动词用动名词形式)
98. what (they need to learn) 他们需要学习的东西
(此句中,they need to learn是定语从句,修饰what)
99. something interesting一些有趣的东西(形容词修饰复合不定代词,应后置)
100. need作为实义动词的用法(用于肯定陈述句)
(1)need sth / sb需要某物/某人 →I need your help.我需要你的帮助。
(2)need to do sth需要做某事→I need to repair my bike.我需要修理我的自行车。
(3)need sb to do sth需要某人做某事 →I need you to help me.我需要你帮助我。
(4)need doing sth某事需要被做(主动形式表达被动意义)→My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理。= My bike needs to be repaired.
101. need作为情态动词的用法(用于疑问句和否定句)
A: Need I finish my homework now?
B: 肯定回答:Yes, you must. (肯定回答是一个肯定陈述句,不能用情态动词need,改用must)
否定回答: No, you needn’t.
102. get bored变得无聊;感到无聊
103. Good learners think about what (they are good at) and what (they need to practice more).
(1) 此句中,think about(思考/考虑)有两个宾语,即“what...”和“what...”
(2) what (they are good at) 他们擅长的东西 (they are good at是定语从句)
(3) what (they need to practice more) 他们需要多加练习的东西 (同上)
104. Use it or lose it. 不用则废。
105. even if = even though = though = although 虽然;尽管;即使(引导让步状语从句)
106. unless = if...not... 除非;如果不 (引导条件状语从句,适用“主将从现 /主情从现 /主祈从现”原则) 例如:Unless you work hard, you’ll fail the exam. = If you don’t work hard, you’ll fail the exam.
107. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
108. keep (on) doing sth一直做某事;持续做某事
109. be (not) afraid of doing sth(不)害怕做某事
110. overnight adv.在夜间;在晚上;一夜之间;突然;
adj.夜间的;晚上的;只供一夜的;突然的;很快的;一夜之间的
111. learn from mistakes向错误学习;从错误中吸取教训
112. It is not enough to just study hard.仅仅努力学习是不足够的。(此句中,It是形式主语,to just study hard才是真正的主语)
113. the best way( they can study)他们可以学习的最好方法
114. write down写下;记下 (动副短语)
115. mind map思维导图
116. They also look for ways (to review what they have learned).他们也寻找复习他们已经学过的内容的方法。(此句中,to review...是动词不定式作后置定语,修饰ways)
117. explain (sth) to sb向某人解释(某事物)
explain的名词形式是去“i”加“ation”,即explanation
118. find out查明;弄清
119. Knowledge comes from questioning.知识源于质疑。
120. Learning is a lifelong journey. 学习是一种终身的旅行。(此句中,Learning是动名词作主语,其谓语动词用单数形式。)
121. Everything (that you learn) becomes a part of you and changes you. 你所学习的一切都将成为你的一部分,并且改变着你。
(此句中,①复合不定代词everything做主语,两个并列的谓语动词become和change都用单数形式;②that you learn是一个定语从句,修饰everything)
122. Learn [wisely] and learn [well].智慧地学并且学好。
123. well的用法:
(1) adv.好;令人满意地 Eg: You did very well.你做得非常好!
(2) adj.身体健康的;情况良好的 Eg: I’m not feeling well.我感到不舒服。
(3) n.井;水井;楼梯井; Eg: dig a well挖一口井
(4) int.(表示惊奇、愤怒或宽慰)哎呀,哟,啊,好啦; (承认某事不可改变)唉,好吧; (勉强同意)嗯
124. by用法小结
(1)表示“通过”→ by doing sth 通过做某事 by hand手工 (作方式状语)
(2)表示“乘坐” → by +交通工具 乘坐某种交通工具(中间不用介词)
(3)表示“在......旁边” → by the window在窗户旁边 by the river在河边
(4)表示“被;由”(用于被动语态的动词之后)→ be made by sb由某人制造
(5)表示“速率” → one by one一个接一个 day by day一天一天
little by little一点一点 step by step一步一步 shoulder by shoulder肩并肩
(6)表示“在.....(时间)之前;不迟于” → by 10:00 在十点钟之前 by the end of在......尽头;在......结束之前 by the time 到…的时候
(7)表示原因,“由于”(用在不带the的名词前) → by mistake错误地
by chance偶然地 by accident意外地
(8)其它短语:by the way顺便一说 by oneself 单独;独自;独力
go by(时间)流逝 pass by路过;经过 drop by顺便拜访
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$