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专题十五 环境描写
高考英语读后续写支架式训练
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词汇短语
contents
02
句型结构
04
比喻法
03
“情景交融”法
01
词汇短语
环境描写作用
通过对环境的描写,能够向读者交待故事的背景,衬托人物,渲染气氛,从而推动情节发展。环境描写真的是必不可少的。此外,作者可以通过环境描写向读者间接的表达着故事中主人公的内心情感变化。
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词汇短语
写景乃为主旨服务
首先要明确的是,把主旨想清楚,时刻不忘“写景乃为主旨服务”这句话。如果景物与主旨无关,就是为写景而写景,就是无效的写景。
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词汇短语
景物描写举例
例如,大家看看我要传达出“高兴”与“悲伤”两种不同主旨时,该用下面哪种景物描写。
A. 花儿低着头,杨柳无精打采。
B. 花儿昂着头,杨柳摆动这枝条。
答案一目了然。
所以,景随主旨变。先确定主旨,然后来写景,这样才有效果。
通常情况下,传达出的情感好,则用褒义色彩的美好的、正向的词。传达出情感需要不好,则用贬义色彩的糟糕负面的词。
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词汇短语
冰雪奇缘
关于雪的动词:
________跳舞 _____________飘落 _______裹住 ______覆盖
关于雪的形容词:
积极的形容词:
________鹅毛般的 _______极小的 __________干净的,纯洁的
消极的形容词:
___________冰冷的 ______厚实的 __________可怕的
关于雪的短语:
__________堆起 ____________ 一团团的
__________融化 ____________正在飘
dance
float/fall/drift
blanket
cover
pile up
clumps of
melt away
in drifts
feathery
tiny
pure/clean
icy/freezing
heavy
dreadful
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词汇短语
冰雪奇缘
【对点训练】运用所学的语料和句式翻译下面段落。
外面的世界是一个神奇的冬季仙境。雪从天空轻轻飘落,营造出一场无声的白色交响乐。它翩翩起舞,仿佛有自己的思想。雪就像一条厚厚的、柔软的毯子,覆盖了眼前的一切。树上挂满了沉重的冰柱,在苍白的阳光下像钻石一样闪闪发光。
The world outside was a magical winter wonderland. The snow fell gently from the sky, creating a silent symphony of white. It danced and twirled, as if it had a mind of its own. The snow was like a thick, soft blanket that covered everything in sight. The trees were laden with heavy icicles that sparkled like diamonds in the pale sunlight.
01
词汇短语
雷雨交加
关于雨的名词:
________暴风雨 ________毛毛雨 ________阵雨
________________雷阵雨 ___________暴雨
关于雨的动词或动词短语:
________落下 ________鞭打 ____________拍打
_____________击打 ____________倾盆而下
关于雷的名词:
________雷 ___________闪电 ________隆隆声
shower
drizzle
dance
thundershower
downpour
fall
whip
beat against
crash against
pour down
thunder
lightening
rumble
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词汇短语
雷雨交加
关于雨的短语:
倾盆大雨 _________________________
可怕的大雨 _________________________
狂风暴雨 _________________________
遭受暴风雪的袭击 _________________________
关于雷的短语:
雷声隆隆 _________________________
电闪雷鸣 ____________________________________
rain cats and dogs
dreadful heavy rain
violent/fierce/heavy storm
the lightning flashed and thunder crashed
peals of thunder
be hit/struck by snowstorms
01
词汇短语
雷雨交加
【对点训练】运用所学的语料和句式翻译下面段落。
雨倾盆而下,伴随着震耳欲聋的轰鸣声冲击着大地。每一滴雨都像一把小锤子,在屋顶和窗户上敲打着无情的节奏。外面的世界变成了一片水和风的模糊景象,仿佛大自然在一阵狂野、无拘无束的发脾气中释放了它的愤怒。
The rain came crashing down in sheets, pounding the earth with a deafening roar. Each drop was like a tiny hammer, beating a relentless rhythm on rooftops and windows. The world outside became a blur of water and wind, as if nature had unleashed its fury in a wild, unrestrained tantrum.
01
词汇短语
风言风语
关于风的名词:
_________风 _________微风 _________飓风
_________台风 _________暴风雨
关于风的动词:
_________刮风 _________怒号 _________呼啸
_________鞭打 _________亲吻 _________轻抚
wind
breeze
hurricane
typhoon
storm
blow
howl
roar
whip
kiss
stroke
关于风的短语:
春风 __________________
温暖的风 __________________
刺骨的风 __________________________________
凉爽清新的风 __________________________________
warm wind
spring wind
cold/ icy/ biting/ bone-chilling wind
cool refreshing breeze
01
词汇短语
风言风语
【对点训练】运用所学的语料和句式翻译下面段落。
天空一片漆黑。一阵大风猛烈地刮着,像一把锋利的刀割着我的
脸。大雨倾盆,夹着电闪雷鸣。我穿过泥水走回家,又冷又怕,浑
身发抖。有些人在大雨中全身湿透,匆匆走过。
The skies were dark. A strong wind was blowing hard, cutting my face like a sharp knife. Rain fell in big drops with thunder and lightning. I shook with cold and fear as I walked home, through the streams of muddy water. Some people were rushing by, completely wet in the heavy rain.
01
词汇短语
日月星辰
关于日月星辰的动词:
___________________________闪耀
________________装饰 ________________眨眼睛
关于日月星辰的名词:
_________视野 _________光束 _________阳光
_________光辉 ____________天空
关于日月星辰的形容词:
_________巨大的 _________苍白的;暗淡的;皎洁的
_________耀眼的 _________繁星点点的
_________琥珀色的 _________极美的;令人震惊的
_____________________微弱的
shine/ sparkle/ twinkle/ glitter
decorate/ dot
wink/ blink
horizon
ray
sunlight
radiance
sky/heaven
giant
pale
dazzling
starry
amber
stunning
faint/dim/glimmering
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词汇短语
日月星辰
关于日月星辰的短语:
(1)日
放晴 _________________________
明媚的阳光 _________________________
朝阳/夕阳 _________________________
沐浴在阳光下 _________________________
一道阳光 _________________________
在春天温暖的阳光里 _________________________
clear up
bright sunlight
the rising/setting sun
be bathed in the sunshine
a burst of sunshine
in the warm spring sunshine
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词汇短语
日月星辰
关于日月星辰的短语:
(2)月
满月 _____________________________
朦胧的月光 _____________________________
皎洁的月光 _____________________________
躲在云后 _____________________________
破云而出 _____________________________
沐浴在银色的月光下 _____________________________
the full moon
the dim moonlight
the pale moonlight
hide itself behind the clouds
burst through the clouds
be bathed in the silver moonlight
01
词汇短语
日月星辰
关于日月星辰的短语:
(3)星辰
闪烁的星星 ___________________________
繁星点点的夜空 ___________________________
星星在天空中闪烁 ___________________________
深蓝色的天空 ___________________________
点缀着星星 ___________________________
stars twinkle in the sky
deep blue sky
be dotted with stars
the twinkling stars
the starry sky
01
词汇短语
日月星辰
【对点训练】运用所学的语料和句式翻译下面段落。
那是一个春天的清晨。太阳刚从东方地平线升起,透过云层在天空中散发出红光。不久校园就沐浴在第一缕阳光中。地上长满了嫩草,草尖上的露珠反射着阳光。
It was early on a spring morning. The sun was just rising out of the eastern horizon and emitting red hues through the clouds and across the sky. Soon the campus was bathed in the first rays of the sun. The ground was covered with tender grasses and the dewdrops stood on their tips and reflected the sunshine.
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词汇短语
花草树木
关于花草树木的动词:
_________开花 _________枯萎 _________发芽
_________生长 _________缠绕 _________(枝叶)飘动
关于花草树木的名词:
_________花瓣 _________花朵 _________叶子
_________树枝 _________茎 _________灌木丛
关于花草树木的形容词:
_________枯萎的 _________翠绿的 _________芳香的
_________娇嫩的 ______________繁茂的
bloom
wither
sprout
grow
twine
flutter
petal
blossom
leaf
branch
stem
bush
luxuriant/lush
verdant
fragrant
delicate
withered
01
词汇短语
花草树木
关于花草树木的短语:
开花 _____________________________
结果 _____________________________
鲜花盛开 _____________________________
一阵芳香 _____________________________
硕果累累 _____________________________
在灌木丛中 _____________________________
沙沙作响的树叶 _____________________________
沉浸在花海之中 _____________________________
come out
bear fruit
in full bloom
a burst of fragrance
be laden with fruit
in the bushes
the rustling leaves
be immersed in the sea of flowers
01
词汇短语
花草树木
【对点训练】运用所学的语料和句式翻译下面段落。
那是一个春天的清晨。太阳刚从东方地平线升起,透过云层在天空中散发出红光。不久校园就沐浴在第一缕阳光中。地上长满了嫩草,草尖上的露珠反射着阳光。
It was early on a spring morning. The sun was just rising out of the eastern horizon and emitting red hues through the clouds and across the sky. Soon the campus was bathed in the first rays of the sun. The ground was covered with tender grasses and the dewdrops stood on their tips and reflected the sunshine.
01
词汇短语
高山流水
关于高山流水的动词:
_________流淌 _________奔腾 _________蜿蜒流淌
_________侵蚀 _________倾泻 _________汹涌
关于高山流水的名词:
_________山 _________山顶 _________山谷
_________小溪 _________峡谷 _________瀑布
关于高山流水的形容词:
_________雄伟的 _________陡峭的 ___________风景如画的
_________宁静的 _________湍急的 ___________清澈透明的
flow
rush
meander
erode
cascade
surge
mountain
peak
valley
stream
canyon
waterfall
majestic
steep
picturesque
serene
rapid
crystal-clear
01
词汇短语
高山流水
关于高山流水的短语:
在山脚下 _____________________________
沿着河岸 _____________________________
爬上陡峭的斜坡 _____________________________
在湍急的河流附近 _____________________________
高大的山脉 _____________________________
海湾水域 _____________________________
at the foot of the mountain
along the riverbank
up the steep slope
near the rapid river
lofty/grand mountains
waters of the bay
01
词汇短语
高山流水
【对点训练】运用所学的语料和句式翻译下面段落。
当我看着月光下被枯草包围的平静的湖面时,一股孤独的浪潮席卷了我。水是如此清澈,你可以看到自己的倒影和鱼在那里游泳。我生了一堆火,静静地听着,只听到深谷里野鸟的歌声。
When I looked at the calm lake surrounded by dead grass under the moonlight, a wave of loneliness swept over me. The water was so clear that you could see your own reflection and the fish swimming there. I started a fire and listened, only to hear the song of wild birds from the deep valleys.
01
词汇短语
万籁寂静
关于万籁寂静的动词:
_______________________________使安静;使静止
关于万籁寂静的名词:
_______________________________寂静;安静;宁静
关于万籁寂静的形容词:
_______________________________安静的;宁静的
关于万籁寂静的短语:
_______________________一个寂静的世界
_______________________在宁静之中
_______________________在死一般的寂静中
silence/hush/still/quieten
silence/tranquility/quietude/serenity
silent/quiet/peaceful/tranquil/serene
a silent world
in the midst of tranquility
in dead silence
01
词汇短语
万籁寂静
【对点训练】运用所学的语料和句式翻译下面段落。
空气中弥漫着一片寂静。没有鸟儿鸣叫,没有树叶沙沙作响。世界仿佛屏住了呼吸。唯一的声音是我的脚步轻轻落在地上的闷响。这片寂静是如此深沉,仿佛时间本身都已停滞。月亮高高地挂着,给寂静的景色洒下一片银色的光辉。
The air was thick with silence. Not a bird chirped, not a leaf rustled. The world seemed to hold its breath. The only sound was the soft thud of my footsteps on the ground. The stillness was so profound that it felt as if time itself had come to a halt. The moon hung high, casting a silver glow over the silent landscape.
02
句型结构
感官
视觉上
the lofty mountains高耸的山脉 the dim light昏暗的灯光
the sparkling stars 闪闪发光的星星 the dark night 漆黑的夜晚
the feathery snowflakes 鹅毛般的雪花 one misty morning 一个有雾的早晨
02
句型结构
感官
触觉上
the biting wind 刺骨的狂风
a little wooden jewelry box 小的木质首饰盒
the gentle breeze 轻柔的微风
a bumpy road 一条崎岖不平的小路
02
句型结构
感官
听觉上
the deafening applause 震耳欲聋的掌声
the gurgling stream 潺潺流淌的小溪
the melodious voice 悦耳的嗓音
the howling wind怒吼的大风
02
句型结构
感官
嗅觉上
smelly/foul/stinky臭的;难闻的
fragrant 清香的
fresh 新鲜的
sweet甜的
strong强烈的
choking 让人窒息的
如:the fragrant flowers 芳香的花朵 the fresh air 清新的空气
02
句型结构
感官
高考链接--2019年浙江高考题
But no more helicopers came and it was getting dark again.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案: Jane sat on the damp潮湿的 grass and stared up at the pale 昏暗的stars in the vast sky, tears streaming down her dirty face. The bone-chilling刺骨的howling怒吼的 wind forced her to curl up. She began to regret fighting with her husband and miss his warm hug.
此处将触觉、视觉、听觉描写结合在了一起,刻画出了Jane的艰难处境。
“主 + 谓 + 宾”结构:
The sun bathed the meadow in a golden light.
草地沐浴在金色的光芒中。
“There be”结构:
There was a thick fog hanging over the city.(城市上空笼罩着一层浓雾。)
02
句型结构
“With + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构:
With the moonlight streaming through the window, the room was filled with a soft glow.(月光透过窗户洒进来,房间里充满了柔和的光辉。)
02
句型结构
“As + 从句” 结构:
As the sun set, the sky was painted with hues of orange and red.(当太阳落山时,天空被染成了橙红色。)
现在分词 / 过去分词短语作状语” 结构:
The leaves rustling in the wind, the forest seemed to come alive.(树叶在风中沙沙作响,森林仿佛有了生机。)
Surrounded by mountains, the village looked like a paradise.(村庄被群山环绕,看起来像一个天堂。)
02
句型结构
翻译练习
02
句型结构
天空中乌云密布,一场暴风雨即将来临。(使用 “There be” 结构)
There were thick clouds gathering in the sky and a storm was coming soon.
随着夜幕降临,星星开始在天空中闪烁。(使用 “As + 从句” 结构)
As night fell, the stars began to twinkle in the sky.
风刮得很大,吹得树木剧烈摇晃。(使用 “主 + 谓 + 宾” 结构,可适当添加副词修饰动词)
The strong wind blew fiercely, making the trees shake violently.
有了月光的照耀,小路不再那么昏暗。(使用 “With + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构)
With the moonlight shining, the path was no longer so dim.
被白雪覆盖的山峰在阳光下闪闪发光。(使用过去分词短语作状语结构)
Covered with white snow, the mountain peaks sparkled in the sunshine.
翻译练习
02
句型结构
花园里的花朵五颜六色,散发出阵阵芳香。(使用 “主 + 谓 + 宾” 结构)
The flowers in the garden were colorful and gave off bursts of fragrance.
当清晨的第一缕阳光洒在大地上时,鸟儿开始欢快地歌唱。(使用 “As + 从句” 结构)
As the first ray of sunlight in the morning shone on the earth, the birds began to sing happily.
伴随着海浪的声音,他在沙滩上慢慢地走着。(使用 “With + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构)
With the sound of the waves accompanying him, he walked slowly on the beach.
天空湛蓝,没有一丝云彩。(使用 “主 + 谓 + 宾” 结构)
The sky was blue and there wasn't a single cloud.
由于大雾弥漫,他几乎看不清前面的路。(使用 “主 + 谓 + 宾” 结构,并用 “because of” 引出原因)
He could hardly see the road ahead because of the thick fog enveloping everything.
03
“情景交融”法
写景+感受
写景后,再添加一个明显的情感描写,就是指:有时在景物描写之后,加上一两句自己的情感态度。这样做的整体效果就是:情境交融。当然,如果你想造成“留白启发思考”的效果,那么就没有必要添加这种显性的情感态度描写了。
03
“情景交融”法
2017年11月高考《健忘的妈妈》第一段可以用到下面三句:
That night we set up our tent in a park.(那天晚上我们在公园里搭起帐篷。)
The moon was held up above the sky, shining her smooth and charming moonlight. (月亮被高举在天空的上方,照耀着她那光滑而迷人的月光。)
Twinkling stars were blinking(眨眼), and fragrant(芬芳的)breeze(微风) gently blew.(闪烁的星星眨着眼,芬芳的微风轻轻地吹着。)
【生词】smooth 光滑的 charming 迷人的 blinking(眨眼),fragrant(芬芳的) breeze(微风)
后面在加一句:Resting beside my mother, with hands held tightly by her, I feel the world is so beautiful.(躺在母亲身边,双手紧紧地握着母亲,我觉得这个世界是如此美丽。)
这样一加,就让“母亲”显现,就让“我与母亲关系和谐”的主旨就显现了。
03
“情景交融”法
第1句:The wind was howling dreadfully and the rain was pouring from the heaven, whipping against the branches of lined(成排的) trees.
(风可怕地嚎叫,雨从天倾斜而来,拍打着成排的树枝。)
第2句:The world was loaded with a sea of darkness
(世界承载着一片海洋般的黑暗).
【生词】howling(怒吼) dreadfully(恐怖地) whipping(抽打)lined(成排的)
后面在加一句:I was seized with the roaring power of nature. A sense of horror creeping up on me. (我被自然发怒的力量抓住了。一种恐惧感悄悄爬到我身上。)
这样就进一步强调了自己的情感。
04
比喻法
写景+比喻+特点
用“like”即可,并交代、突出特点。
排比: 意象 1+动词 1, 意象 2+动词2, and 意象 3+动词3.
(注意:优先用原文的意象,再按需补充)
[2022全国I卷]: It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different schools in and aroud the small town were warming up and walking the route through thick evergreen forest.
04
比喻法
排比: 意象 1+动词 1, 意象 2+动词2, and 意象 3+动词3.
扩写句式: 形容词+意象+动词+副词/方位介短
冷冷的 冰雨 在我脸上 胡乱地 拍
形容词 意象 介短 副词 动词
The sun shone 扩写(你任务: the wind blows; the tree waves)
The morning sun shone on the ground warmly and gently.
The warm morning sunlight fell on the ground midly.
04
比喻法
blazing 炽热的
glaring 耀眼的
shimmering 闪烁的
weak 虚弱的
lingering 逗留不去的 sun
sunlight
sunshine shine 发光/照耀
burn 燃烧 brightly 明亮地
like an oven 像烤箱
lively 充满活力地
dazzlingly 灿烂/耀眼地
gentle/mild 温柔/温和的
soft 柔和的
weak 微弱的
white/silvery 白的/银白的 moon
moonlight
shine 发光
glow 发光 lightly 轻轻地
gently 温柔地
softly轻柔地
glittering 闪闪发光的
stars twinkle闪烁
sparkle 闪耀/烁
glimmer 发微光 vividly 生动地/活泼地
quietly 安静地
peacefully 平静地
形容词+意象+固定动词+副词
04
比喻法
排比: 意象 1+动词 1, 意象 2+动词2, and 意象 3+动词3.
步骤1: 定续写位置,找原文意象+动词 (可考虑结尾/升华句);
步骤2: 补充意象+动词 (形容词+意象, 动词+副词/方位介短);
That night wind howled ruthlessly. 夜风无情地呼啸着。
Some unknown creatures murmured in the dark. 一些不知名的生物在黑暗中喃喃自语。
The moonlight shone weakly on the ground. 月光微弱地照在地上。
步骤3: 扩写,合成句子(形容词/副词/介短;最后的分句前加and).
The night wind howled ruthlessly, nameless creatures murmured in the dark and the moonlight shone weakly on the ground.
04
比喻法
排比: 意象 1+动词 1, 意象 2+动词2, and 意象 3+动词3.
练习: 2022全国I 卷:
步骤1: 定续写位置,找原文意象 forest ( 人 David and classmates, 情绪?)
步骤2: 补充意象: forest +sun +air, David and classmates, laughter
构思: sun shone; air surrounded... ;laughter filled the forest.
步骤3: 扩写,合成句子(形容词+意象+谓语动词+副词/方位介短)
The sun shone warmly on the tree leaves, the heated air surrounded David and his classmates, and the forest was filled with laughter of excitement.
04
比喻法
The wind was blowing. The mist was getting thick, like a huge textured velvet cloak, making what is hidden inside an unclear mystery.
风正在吹。雾越来越浓,像一件巨大的有质感的天鹅绒斗篷,把一切隐藏在模糊的神秘之中。
这句仿写的句子很好的get到了比喻的精髓,非常好的运用了“like”,textured velvet cloak(有质感的天鹅绒斗篷),形象具体。非谓语making做状语,也着实炫了一下语法。既简洁描绘了景色,又营造了一种神秘、紧张的氛围。
读
后
续
写
Thank You!
高考英语读后续写支架式训练
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