专题01 语法归纳：形容词、副词的级、反身代词、祈使句、情态动词（期中复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材译林版

专题01 语法归纳（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-4 形容词、副词的级、反身代词、祈使句、情态动词 单项选择 语法填空等 情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 知识点01 形容词的比较级和最高级 　　大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 一． 形容词比较级、最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节词及部分双音节词　 大多数词在词尾加 long→longer→longest narrow→narrower→ narrowest 以e结尾的词在词尾加 nice→nicer→nicest late→later→latest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词, easy→easier→easiest happy→happier→happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词, big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词　 在词前加 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well ill/bad many/much little 注意有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。 clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 二． 形容词比较级和最高级的常见句式 (1)形容词比较级 ①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。 This park is larger than that one. 这个公园比那个公园更大。 注意形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 Lily is a little than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。 Our city is beautiful than theirs. 我们的城市比他们的城市美多了。 ②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。 My brother is and fatter. 我的哥哥越来越胖了。 It was becoming to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。 ③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。 my mother is, she feels. 我的妈妈越忙越高兴。 you are, mistakes you'll make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。 ④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。 Who is , Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢? ⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。 The of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。 (2)形容词最高级 ①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。此外,常用结构"one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。 Which is the , a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全? Peter is the in our class. 在我们班上彼得个子最高。 It's one of the most difficult in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。 ②序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。 Joe is the second boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。 Kate is my friend. 凯特是我最好的朋友。 Mr Green's problem is pronunciation.格林先生最大的问题就是发音。 三． 含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换 　　"the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)""形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)"和"形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)"这三者之间可互相转换。 China is the largest country in Asia.=China is larger than any other country in Asia.=China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。 注意"sb.+be动词+形容词比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+形容词比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 2，"sb.+be动词+形容词比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+形容词比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。, 知识点02 副词比较级、最高级 一．副词比较级、最高级的构成 变化规则 例词 单音节词和少数双音节词　 一般在词尾 hard→harder→hardest 以不发音的字母e结尾的词后加 late→later→latest 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词, early→earlier→earliest 多音节词和部分双音节词　 在词前加 beautifully→more beautifully→most beautifully carefully→more carefully→most carefully 不规则变化 well→ → badly→ → far→ → 二．、 副词的比较级用法 (1)句型"A...比较级+than B",意为"A比B更……"。当than前后使用的动词相同时,than后通常用助动词代替动词,助动词也可省略。一些词或短语可以修饰副词的比较级,如:a little,much, far, a lot, even等。 Rose ran than the other girls (did). 罗斯跑得比其他女孩快。 Jim works than Kate (does). 吉姆工作比凯特努力得多。 (2)句型"...比较级,A or B?",意为"A和B谁更……?"。 Who jumps , Jim or Tom? 谁跳得更高,吉姆还是汤姆? (3)句型"比较级+and+比较级",意为"越来越……",表示程度加深。 He ran . 他跑得越来越快。 It rained . 雨下得越来越大了。 (4)句型"the+比较级,the+比较级",意为"越 ……,(就)越……"。 you start, you will get there. 你出发得越早,到达那里就越快。 三． 副词的最高级用法 　　副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较,表示其中的一方在这个范围中"最……",多由介词in或among等来说明比较的范围。 Li Ming jumps (the) in our school. 在我们学校李明跳得最高。 Bill swims (the) among the three boys.这三个男孩中,比尔游得最快。 Who jumps , Jim, Lucy or Lily?吉姆、露西和莉莉,谁跳得最远? 知识点03 as...as的用法 一． as...as与not as/so...as 用法 例句 当我们想表达"和……一样"时,常用"as + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 This park is that one.这个公园和那个公园一样大。 He studies his brother.他学习和他弟弟一样努力。 当我们想表达"和……不一样,不如/不及……"时,常用"not as/so + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 I'm him. 我没有他高。 二． not as/so...as与比较级结构之间的转换 　　"not as/so...as"结构意为 "不及,不如……",也可以用比较级结构来转换。 Cycling is not as/so dangerous as diving.=Cycling is dangerous than diving.=Diving is more dangerous than cycling.骑自行车没有潜水危险。 Jim doesn't run as/so fast as my sister.=Jim runs than my sister.=My sister runs faster than Jim.吉姆没有我妹妹跑得快。 知识点04 反身代词 一． 反身代词的分类 　　反身代词即人称代词的反身形式。它所指代的人或物与主语一致,在句中可以起到强调的作用。反身代词的分类如下: 　数 人称　　 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 二． 反身代词的用法 用法 例句 作及物动 词(短语) 的宾语　 经常用在enjoy、 teach、 hurt、 introduce、dress、 express、 help、 look after等后面。 Daniel teaches himself Japanese now.丹尼尔现在在自学日语。 作介词 的宾语 用在介词by、 to、 for等后面。 Lily bought a skirt for herself yesterday.莉莉昨天给自己买了一条短裙。 作同位语 作主语或宾语的同位语时,起强调作用,意为"本人,本身,亲自"。 He himself is a teacher.他本人就是一名教师。 You'd better ask your sister herself.你最好去问问你姐姐本人。 常见的含有反身代词的短语 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 自学　　　　　　　 自学 自言自语 独立地,独自 自己取(食物等) 照顾自己 照顾自己 玩得愉快 伤害自己 沉迷于…… 自我介绍 给自己穿衣服 知识点05 祈使句 　　当我们向他人发出命令、提出要求或建议时,常使用祈使句。祈使句一般省略主语you,以动词原形开头。根据句子开头动词的不同,常把祈使句分为以下几种: Do型 肯定式 行为动词原形+其他. your hand, please. 请举手。 否定式 Don't+行为动词原形+其他. with fire. 不要玩火。 Be型 肯定式 Be+表语+其他. next time. 下次小心。 否定式 Don't+be+表语+其他. late next time.下次不要迟到。 Let型 肯定式 Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他. you carry the heavy box.让我帮你拿这个重箱子吧。 否定式 Don't+let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他. him do that.不要让他做那件事。 Let+人称代词宾格+not+动词原形+其他. Let him go there with his father.让他不要和他父亲去那儿。 无动词 祈使句 ,please!请这边走! No !禁止抽烟! 知识点06 should和had better 词汇 用法 例句 should 意为"应当,应该",表达责任、义务、劝告等,没有人称、数和时态的变化。 We should do what the teacher told us.我们应该按老师说的去做。 had better 常简写为’d better 意为"最好",表示劝告、建议,其否定式为had better not。 You'd better go to hospital at once.你最好立即去医院(看病)。 You'd better not forget to do your homework.你最好别忘了做家庭作业。 基础通关（测试时间：15分钟） 一、单项选择 1.Jogging is 　　　than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes.   A.cheap　　 B.cheaper C.cheapest　　 D.the cheapest 2.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier　　 B.heavy enough C.much lighter　　 D.light enough 3.—What is the world’s 　　　mountain?  —Mount Qomolangma. A.lower　　 B.lowest C.higher　　 D.highest 4.He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink 　　　cola to keep fit.  A.much　　 B.more C.fewer　　 D.less 5.Daniel is 　　　his twin brother. They are both 1.75 meters tall.  A.taller than　　 B.shorter than C.as tall as　　 D.so tall as 6.Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much 　　　.  A.good　　　　 B.well C.better　　　　 D.best 7.—Good news! The Chinese women’s football team came first in the 2022 AFC Women’s Asian Cup. —Exactly. The final is 　　　one I have ever seen.  A.a less amazing B.the most amazing C.a more amazing D.the least amazing 8.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier B.heavy enough C.much lighter D.light enough 9.I can’t keep up with him—he runs 　　　 than me.  A.much faster　　 　　 B.even worse C.less carefully　　　　 D.more carefully 10.Mike lives 　　　 from school of all the students, so he always takes a bus to school. A.far　　 　　 B.farther  C.further　　　　 D.the farthest 11.During the exam, 　　　 you are, 　　　 mistakes you’ll make.  A.the more careful;the less B.the more careful;the fewer C.the more careless;the less D.the more careless;the fewer 12.As parents, we must ask 　　　:Are we listening? Are we patient enough?  A.us　　 B.ourselves　　 C.me　　 D.myself 13.How delicious! Did the students make the fruit salad all by 　　　? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.they　　 B.them C.their　　 D.themselves 14.Mars Base 1 Camp was built in Jinchang, Gansu, to let young people experience for 　　　.  A.it　　 B.them C.itself　　 D.themselves 15. 　　　fast to your dreams， for if dreams die， life is like a broken⁃winged bird that can never fly.  A.Hold　　　　 B.To hold　　　　 C.Held　　　　 D.Holding 16.—Cindy， 　　　out the rubbish when you leave. And I’ll do the dishes.  —OK， Dad. A.take　　　　 B.takes　　　　 C.took　　　　 D.to take 17.—Your room is in a terrible mess， Tom. 　　　your books here and there next time.  —OK， 　　　. I’ll put them away in five minutes， Mum.  A.Don’t leave;I won’t　　　　 B.Won’t leave;I will C.Don’t leave;I will　　　　 D.Won’t leave;I won’t 重难突破（测试时间：20分钟） 1.—What do you think of the film Hi, Mom? —Wonderful. I have never seen a 　　　　　　　(interesting) film before.  2.Lucy is organized and her room always looks 　　　(tidy) than mine.  3.The programme Drive less,cycle more will reduce pollution and make streets much 　　　(安全的).  4.Yuan Longping, one of 　　　　　　　　　　　(最伟大的科学家),made important contributions to the world.  5.—Which dog do you think is 　　　(lazy), Hobo or Eddie?  —I think Eddie is. 6.The Great Wall is one of the 　　　　　　(great) wonders in the world.  7.My cousin will go to university for 　　　　　　(far) study.  8.Cells are the 　　　　　　(small) and most basic units of living matter.  9.Mr Lee， 　　　　　(not mix) your life and work together.  10.　　　　　(make) sure there are no mistakes in your paper and you can hand it in.  二.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Sandy listened intently to the classical music, losing 　 　　(her)in its beauty.   2.When I fell and hurt 　　 　(I), my mother encouraged me to stand up and gave me a hug.  3.We couldn’t do all the work by 　　 　(us).  4.Someday Changde will become as 　 　　(busy) as Shenzhen.   5.We were late for the film The Battle At Lake Changjin, but 　　 　(luck), we didn’t miss much. 三．语法填空 A （24-25八年级上·江苏·期中）认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have a wonderful friend named Lily. We 1 (become) friends when we entered the middle school and our friendship has grown stronger ever since. Every day, we study together, helping each other to understand and dealing with difficult problems. We believe that friendship is 2 (real) about helping each other. We are such close friends that we enjoy 3 (we) when we do a lot of things together. We go for walks in the park, sharing our dreams and 4 (secret). My teacher often says that whenever she sees me, she is sure that my best friend Lily isn’t far behind. 5 I’m feeling down, Lily is always there to cheer me up with her kind words and funny jokes. She is so 6 (humor) that she can lighten up any mood. And when she faces difficulties, I offer my support and encouragement. We also support each other in our hobbies. For example, I enjoy Chinese Chess and we usually spend one hour 7 (discuss) it at lunchtime. Because of her, I become even 8 (well) at it. Lily loves reading and I often recommend good books to her. What’s more, she is crazy 9 painting and I always encourage her to follow her dreams. Our friendship is such 10 special gift that I will cherish for my rest of the life. I know that no matter what life throws at us, we will always be there for each other. B （22-23八年级上·江苏·期中）请认真阅读下面短文，在有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，每空只写一词。 One Monday evening, 85-year-old Zhang Minghe opened his English book and started a 1 (discuss) through WeChat. Zhang is a teacher of 2 online study group. He started the group at the 3 (begin) of 2019. He gives three classes a week and has spent more than 100 hours 4 (teach). Student Liu Ze, 62, said, “Zhang tries his best to help us learn English. He always explains grammar rules to us 5 (patient). He is our model.” Zhang was a teacher 6 he retired (退休). But he didn’t teach English. Zhang found that more and more people spoke English around the world. Then he taught 7 (he) English. He worked hard and got really good at it. After he retired, he worked 8 a translator (翻译). At the age of 75, he 9 (stop) being a translator. However, he didn’t stop learning. He goes on learning English at Taiyuan Senior’s College. He is happy with his life. He thinks it’s important for old people to make use of their time to do something 10 (mean). “Learning is a very important thing and we must keep learning all our life,” said Zhang. 链接中考（测试时间：8分钟） （2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On Pingjiang Road in Suzhou, 65-year-old Ms Wu runs a traditional tea house for 30years. She never expected 1 (oneself) to become a tea master who helped build a cultural bridge. It started in 2015 when a German tourist named Klaus walked into her shop. With the help of a phone app, Ms Wu 2 (patient) showed him the way to properly brew (沏) Biluochun, Suzhou’s famous green tea. Klaus returned every day that week and 3 (bring) more friends each time. Seeing how 4 (interest) they were in Chinese tea, Ms Wu started a weekly activity called “Tea Culture Saturdays”. She showed foreigners 5 to brew tea with traditional methods—from choosing the water temperature to 6 (follow) tea-making rules. Her daughter Lily, a college student, helped translate. Soon, her tea house was always crowded with 7 (visit), including students and business people from many places. “I used to think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, 8 they love it deeply. Some of them even treat their friends with Chinese tea at home,” Ms Wu said. One of her favourite 9 (moment) was when Sarah, a Canadian, gave her a notebook filled with tea notes written in both English and Chinese. “This is why I keep teaching,” Ms Wu said, showing 10 treasured notebook. Now, her tea house appears in travel guides as “Suzhou’s cultural living room”. For tourists, every cup of tea served is a window on the tea culture of this ancient city. $专题01 语法归纳（期中复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-4 形容词、副词的级、反身代词、祈使句、情态动词 单项选择 语法填空等 情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 知识点01 形容词的比较级和最高级 　　大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 一． 形容词比较级、最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节词及部分双音节词　 大多数词在词尾加-er或-est long→longer→longest narrow→narrower→ narrowest 以e结尾的词在词尾加-r或-st nice→nicer→nicest late→later→latest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er或-est easy→easier→easiest happy→happier→happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er或-est big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词　 在词前加more或most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best ill/bad worse worst many/much more most little less least 注意有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。 clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 二． 形容词比较级和最高级的常见句式 (1)形容词比较级 ①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。 This park is larger than that one. 这个公园比那个公园更大。 注意形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 Lily is a little taller than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。 Our city is much more beautiful than theirs. 我们的城市比他们的城市美多了。 ②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。 My brother is fatter and fatter. 我的哥哥越来越胖了。 It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。 ③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。 The busier my mother is, the happier she feels. 我的妈妈越忙越高兴。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。 ④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。 Who is stronger, Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢? ⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。 (2)形容词最高级 ①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。此外,常用结构"one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。 Which is the safest, a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全? Peter is the tallest in our class. 在我们班上彼得个子最高。 It's one of the most difficult problems in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。 ②序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。 Joe is the second tallest boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。 Kate is my best friend. 凯特是我最好的朋友。 Mr Green's biggest problem is pronunciation.格林先生最大的问题就是发音。 三． 含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换 　　"the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)""形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)"和"形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)"这三者之间可互相转换。 China is the largest country in Asia.=China is larger than any other country in Asia.=China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。 注意"sb.+be动词+形容词比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+形容词比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 2，"sb.+be动词+形容词比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+形容词比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。, 知识点02 副词比较级、最高级 一．副词比较级、最高级的构成 变化规则 例词 单音节词和少数双音节词　 一般在词尾加-er或-est hard→harder→hardest 以不发音的字母e结尾的词后加-r或-st late→later→latest 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词,改y为i,再加-er或-est early→earlier→earliest 多音节词和部分双音节词　 在词前加more或most beautifully→more beautifully→most beautifully carefully→more carefully→most carefully 不规则变化 well→better→best badly→worse→worst far→further/farther→ furthest/farthest 二．、 副词的比较级用法 (1)句型"A...比较级+than B",意为"A比B更……"。当than前后使用的动词相同时,than后通常用助动词代替动词,助动词也可省略。一些词或短语可以修饰副词的比较级,如:a little,much, far, a lot, even等。 Rose ran faster than the other girls (did). 罗斯跑得比其他女孩快。 Jim works much harder than Kate (does). 吉姆工作比凯特努力得多。 (2)句型"...比较级,A or B?",意为"A和B谁更……?"。 Who jumps higher, Jim or Tom? 谁跳得更高,吉姆还是汤姆? (3)句型"比较级+and+比较级",意为"越来越……",表示程度加深。 He ran faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快。 It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。 (4)句型"the+比较级,the+比较级",意为"越 ……,(就)越……"。 The earlier you start, the sooner you will get there. 你出发得越早,到达那里就越快。 三． 副词的最高级用法 　　副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较,表示其中的一方在这个范围中"最……",多由介词in或among等来说明比较的范围。 Li Ming jumps (the) highest in our school. 在我们学校李明跳得最高。 Bill swims (the) fastest among the three boys.这三个男孩中,比尔游得最快。 Who jumps farthest, Jim, Lucy or Lily?吉姆、露西和莉莉,谁跳得最远? 知识点03 as...as的用法 一． as...as与not as/so...as 用法 例句 当我们想表达"和……一样"时,常用"as + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 This park is as large as that one.这个公园和那个公园一样大。 He studies as hard as his brother.他学习和他弟弟一样努力。 当我们想表达"和……不一样,不如/不及……"时,常用"not as/so + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 I'm not as/so tall as him. 我没有他高。 二． not as/so...as与比较级结构之间的转换 　　"not as/so...as"结构意为 "不及,不如……",也可以用比较级结构来转换。 Cycling is not as/so dangerous as diving.=Cycling is less dangerous than diving.=Diving is more dangerous than cycling.骑自行车没有潜水危险。 Jim doesn't run as/so fast as my sister.=Jim runs more slowly than my sister.=My sister runs faster than Jim.吉姆没有我妹妹跑得快。 随堂训练 1.改为同义句,每空一词 Documentaries are less funny than comedies. Documentaries 　　　　　　　　　    funny 　　　　    comedies. aren’t as/so，as 2.瞧!我们大都长得和老师一样高啦! Look! Most of us have grown 　　　 tall 　　　 our teachers!  as;as 3.—Is Larry as 　　　 as Oliver?  —No, he isn’t. Larry is shorter. A.taller　　　　B.tall　　　　C.the tallest B　as...as表示同级比较,as...as中间接形容词或副词的原级。故选B。 知识点04 反身代词 一． 反身代词的分类 　　反身代词即人称代词的反身形式。它所指代的人或物与主语一致,在句中可以起到强调的作用。反身代词的分类如下: 　数 人称　　 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves 二． 反身代词的用法 用法 例句 作及物动 词(短语) 的宾语　 经常用在enjoy、 teach、 hurt、 introduce、dress、 express、 help、 look after等后面。 Daniel teaches himself Japanese now.丹尼尔现在在自学日语。 作介词 的宾语 用在介词by、 to、 for等后面。 Lily bought a skirt for herself yesterday.莉莉昨天给自己买了一条短裙。 作同位语 作主语或宾语的同位语时,起强调作用,意为"本人,本身,亲自"。 He himself is a teacher.他本人就是一名教师。 You'd better ask your sister herself.你最好去问问你姐姐本人。 常见的含有反身代词的短语 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 teach oneself 自学　　　　　　　 learn…by oneself 自学 say to oneself 自言自语 by oneself 独立地,独自 help oneself to… 自己取(食物等) take care of oneself 照顾自己 look after oneself 照顾自己 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 hurt oneself 伤害自己 lose oneself in… 沉迷于…… introduce oneself 自我介绍 dress oneself给自己穿衣服 知识点05 祈使句 　　当我们向他人发出命令、提出要求或建议时,常使用祈使句。祈使句一般省略主语you,以动词原形开头。根据句子开头动词的不同,常把祈使句分为以下几种: Do型 肯定式 行为动词原形+其他. Put up your hand, please. 请举手。 否定式 Don't+行为动词原形+其他. Don't play with fire. 不要玩火。 Be型 肯定式 Be+表语+其他. Be careful next time. 下次小心。 否定式 Don't+be+表语+其他. Don't be late next time.下次不要迟到。 Let型 肯定式 Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他. Let me help you carry the heavy box.让我帮你拿这个重箱子吧。 否定式 Don't+let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他. Don't let him do that.不要让他做那件事。 Let+人称代词宾格+not+动词原形+其他. Let him not go there with his father.让他不要和他父亲去那儿。 无动词 祈使句 This way,please!请这边走! No smoking!禁止抽烟! 知识点06 should和had better 词汇 用法 例句 should 意为"应当,应该",表达责任、义务、劝告等,没有人称、数和时态的变化。 We should do what the teacher told us.我们应该按老师说的去做。 had better 常简写为’d better 意为"最好",表示劝告、建议,其否定式为had better not。 You'd better go to hospital at once.你最好立即去医院(看病)。 You'd better not forget to do your homework.你最好别忘了做家庭作业。 基础通关（测试时间：15分钟） 一、单项选择 1.Jogging is 　　　than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes.   A.cheap　　 B.cheaper C.cheapest　　 D.the cheapest 答案　B　本题考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的than many sports可知,此空应填比较级,故选B。 2.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier　　 B.heavy enough C.much lighter　　 D.light enough 答案　A　句意:——你想减肥?但是这是为什么呢?对我来说,你看起来非常苗条。——这可能是真的,但我比去年重多了。根据句中的than可知,此空应填比较级,故排除B、D两项。由语境可知,此处应该是比去年重,故选A。 3.—What is the world’s 　　　mountain?  —Mount Qomolangma. A.lower　　 B.lowest C.higher　　 D.highest 答案　D　lower更低的;lowest最低的;higher更高的;highest最高的。根据常识,珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。故答案为D。 解题关键　从答语Mount Qomolangma.及问句中的the world􀆳s可以得知问句问的是世界上最高的山峰是什么。从而判断出设空处应该用最高级并且应该表示“最高的”。 4.He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink 　　　cola to keep fit.  A.much　　 B.more C.fewer　　 D.less 答案　D　句意:有人建议他少吃点汉堡包并且少喝点可乐来保持健康。本题考查形容词的比较等级。much许多,修饰不可数名词;more更多,修饰可数名词和不可数名词;fewer更少,修饰可数名词;less更少,修饰不可数名词。cola为不可数名词,排除C项;根据句意和常识可知,此处表示少喝可乐。故选D项。 5.Daniel is 　　　his twin brother. They are both 1.75 meters tall.  A.taller than　　 B.shorter than C.as tall as　　 D.so tall as 答案　C　句意:丹尼尔和他的双胞胎兄弟一样高。他们都是1.75米。本题考查形容词的比较等级。根据后句They are both 1.75 meters tall.可知,他们一样高。as tall as和……一样高,so tall as只能用在否定句中。故选C项。 6.Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much 　　　.  A.good　　　　 B.well C.better　　　　 D.best 答案　C　考查比较级。根据空前的much可知，此处应用比较级，much better意思是“好得多”，故选C。 7.—Good news! The Chinese women’s football team came first in the 2022 AFC Women’s Asian Cup. —Exactly. The final is 　　　one I have ever seen.  A.a less amazing B.the most amazing C.a more amazing D.the least amazing 答案　B　考查形容词最高级的用法。根据上文内容可知，此处是对决赛的肯定评价，因此排除A、D两项。根据“...I have ever seen”可知要用形容词最高级，故选B。 8.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier B.heavy enough C.much lighter D.light enough 答案　A　考查形容词比较级的用法。句意:——你想减肥?但是这是为什么呢?对我来说，你看起来非常苗条。——这可能是真的，但我比去年重多了。根据句中的than可知，此空应填比较级，故排除B、D两项。由语境可知，此处应该是比去年重，故选A。 9.I can’t keep up with him—he runs 　　　 than me.  A.much faster　　 　　 B.even worse C.less carefully　　　　 D.more carefully A　根据前句“我跟不上他”可推知,他跑得比我快。故选A。 10.Mike lives 　　　 from school of all the students, so he always takes a bus to school. A.far　　 　　 B.farther  C.further　　　　 D.the farthest D　由of all the students可知本句应该用最高级,far的最高级形式为farthest。故选D。 11.During the exam, 　　　 you are, 　　　 mistakes you’ll make.  A.the more careful;the less B.the more careful;the fewer C.the more careless;the less D.the more careless;the fewer B　句意:在考试期间,你越细心,你犯的错误就会越少。careful的比较级形式为more careful;mistake是可数名词,应该用fewer修饰;“the +比较级,the +比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。故选B。 12.As parents, we must ask 　　　:Are we listening? Are we patient enough?  A.us　　 B.ourselves　　 C.me　　 D.myself 答案　B　句意:作为父母,我们必须问问我们自己:我们在聆听吗?我们是否足够有耐心?本题考查反身代词。主语是we,所以此处填反身代词ourselves,故选B。 13.How delicious! Did the students make the fruit salad all by 　　　? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.they　　 B.them C.their　　 D.themselves 答案　D　句意:多么美味啊!水果沙拉都是学生们自己做的吗?本题考查代词的用法。they他们,主格,作主语;them他们,宾格,作宾语;their他们的,形容词性物主代词,后跟名词;themselves他们自己,反身代词。do sth. by oneself独自做某事。故选D项。 14.Mars Base 1 Camp was built in Jinchang, Gansu, to let young people experience for 　　　.  A.it　　 B.them C.itself　　 D.themselves 答案　D　句意:为了让年轻人可以亲身体验,甘肃金昌建立了火星基地1号营地。本题考查代词的用法。it指代前文出现的同一物;them他们,宾格,作宾语;their他们的,形容词性物主代词,作定语修饰其后的名词;themselves他们自己,反身代词,与young people对应,for oneself亲身,固定短语。故选D项。 15. 　　　fast to your dreams， for if dreams die， life is like a broken⁃winged bird that can never fly.  A.Hold　　　　 B.To hold　　　　 C.Held　　　　 D.Holding 答案　A　考查祈使句。此处用祈使句表达建议，祈使句以动词原形开头。故选A。 16.—Cindy， 　　　out the rubbish when you leave. And I’ll do the dishes.  —OK， Dad. A.take　　　　 B.takes　　　　 C.took　　　　 D.to take 答案　A　考查祈使句。此处为祈使句，应以动词原形开头。故选A。 17.—Your room is in a terrible mess， Tom. 　　　your books here and there next time.  —OK， 　　　. I’ll put them away in five minutes， Mum.  A.Don’t leave;I won’t　　　　 B.Won’t leave;I will C.Don’t leave;I will　　　　 D.Won’t leave;I won’t 答案　A　考查祈使句及其应答语。第一空后虽然有表示将来时间的next time，但这是妈妈向汤姆发出的命令、要求，是祈使句，所以用Don’t+动词原形。排除B、D。肯定祈使句的应答语为I will;否定祈使句的应答语为I won’t。故选A。 重难突破（测试时间：20分钟） 1.—What do you think of the film Hi, Mom? —Wonderful. I have never seen a 　　　　　　　(interesting) film before.  答案　more interesting　此空填形容词的比较级和never连用,表示最高级的含义,指《你好,李焕英》是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。故填more interesting。 2.Lucy is organized and her room always looks 　　　(tidy) than mine.  答案　tidier　本题考查形容词比较级。空格前的look是系动词,后接形容词作表语,根据空格后的than可知,要用比较级,故填tidier。 3.The programme Drive less,cycle more will reduce pollution and make streets much 　　　(安全的).  答案　safer　此处是“make+宾语+adj.”结构,“安全的”是safe,空格前的much修饰比较级,所以填safer。 4.Yuan Longping, one of 　　　　　　　　　　　(最伟大的科学家),made important contributions to the world.  答案　the greatest scientists　本题考查形容词最高级。one of后接名词的复数形式,此时名词通常用形容词最高级来修饰,故填the greatest scientists。 5.—Which dog do you think is 　　　(lazy), Hobo or Eddie?  —I think Eddie is. 答案　lazier　两者之间进行比较,应用形容词的比较级形式。lazy的比较级为lazier。 6.The Great Wall is one of the 　　　　　　(great) wonders in the world.  答案　greatest　根据in the world可知,此处应用形容词最高级形式,great的最高级为greatest。 知识拓展　“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,表示“……中最……的之一”。 7.My cousin will go to university for 　　　　　　(far) study.  答案　further　further study为固定短语,意为“深造,进修”。注意:far的比较级有两个farther和further。表示“更进一步”时用further。 8.Cells are the 　　　　　　(small) and most basic units of living matter.  答案　smallest　根据空格前的the和后面的most basic可知,此处应用最高级。 9.Mr Lee， 　　　　　(not mix) your life and work together.  答案　don’t mix　句意:李先生，不要把你的生活和工作混在一起。此句是否定的祈使句，其构成是“don’t+动词原形+其他成分”，故填don’t mix。 10.　　　　　(make) sure there are no mistakes in your paper and you can hand it in.  答案　Make　考查祈使句。祈使句以动词原形开头，make sure“确保”。故填Make。 二.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Sandy listened intently to the classical music, losing 　 　　(her)in its beauty.   2.When I fell and hurt 　　 　(I), my mother encouraged me to stand up and gave me a hug.  3.We couldn’t do all the work by 　　 　(us).  4.Someday Changde will become as 　 　　(busy) as Shenzhen.   5.We were late for the film The Battle At Lake Changjin, but 　　 　(luck), we didn’t miss much. 1.herself　2.myself　3.ourselves　4.busy　5.luckily 三．语法填空 A （24-25八年级上·江苏·期中）认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have a wonderful friend named Lily. We 1 (become) friends when we entered the middle school and our friendship has grown stronger ever since. Every day, we study together, helping each other to understand and dealing with difficult problems. We believe that friendship is 2 (real) about helping each other. We are such close friends that we enjoy 3 (we) when we do a lot of things together. We go for walks in the park, sharing our dreams and 4 (secret). My teacher often says that whenever she sees me, she is sure that my best friend Lily isn’t far behind. 5 I’m feeling down, Lily is always there to cheer me up with her kind words and funny jokes. She is so 6 (humor) that she can lighten up any mood. And when she faces difficulties, I offer my support and encouragement. We also support each other in our hobbies. For example, I enjoy Chinese Chess and we usually spend one hour 7 (discuss) it at lunchtime. Because of her, I become even 8 (well) at it. Lily loves reading and I often recommend good books to her. What’s more, she is crazy 9 painting and I always encourage her to follow her dreams. Our friendship is such 10 special gift that I will cherish for my rest of the life. I know that no matter what life throws at us, we will always be there for each other. 【答案】1．became 2．really 3．ourselves 4．secrets 5．When 6．humorous 7．discussing 8．better 9．about 10．a 【导语】本文主要介绍了我的好朋友莉莉。 1．句意：当我们进入中学时，我们成为了朋友，我们的友谊从此变得更加牢固。由entered可知句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，become的过去式是became。故填became。 2．句意：我们相信友谊就是互相帮助。用副词really表示强调。故填really。 3．句意：我们是如此亲密的朋友，当我们一起做很多事情时，我们很开心。enjoy oneself“过得开心”，主语we对应的反身代词是ourselves。故填ourselves。 4．句意：我们去公园散步，分享我们的梦想和秘密。secret“秘密”是形容词，此处用复数表示多个。故填secrets。 5．句意：当我情绪低落的时候，莉莉总是在那里用她亲切的话语和有趣的笑话让我振作起来。根据“...I’m feeling down, Lily is always there to cheer me up with her kind words and funny jokes.”可知，此处指我情绪低落时，莉莉使我振作。用when“当……时”引导时间状语从句。故填When。 6．句意：她很幽默，能使任何心情都愉快起来。is后用形容词作表语，humor的形容词形式是humorous“幽默的”。故填humorous。 7．句意：例如，我喜欢中国象棋，我们通常在午餐时间花一个小时讨论它。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”。故填discussing。 8．句意：因为她，我变得更擅长（象棋）了。even后加比较级，表示“甚至更……”，此处应用well的形容词形式good的比较级better。故填better。 9．句意：更重要的是，她对绘画很着迷，我总是鼓励她追随自己的梦想。be crazy about“对……着迷”，固定搭配。故填about。 10．句意：我们的友谊是如此特别的礼物，余生我会珍惜它。gift“礼物”是可数名词单数，用且special发音以辅音因素开头，故用a表示“一个”。故填a。 B （22-23八年级上·江苏·期中）请认真阅读下面短文，在有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，每空只写一词。 One Monday evening, 85-year-old Zhang Minghe opened his English book and started a 1 (discuss) through WeChat. Zhang is a teacher of 2 online study group. He started the group at the 3 (begin) of 2019. He gives three classes a week and has spent more than 100 hours 4 (teach). Student Liu Ze, 62, said, “Zhang tries his best to help us learn English. He always explains grammar rules to us 5 (patient). He is our model.” Zhang was a teacher 6 he retired (退休). But he didn’t teach English. Zhang found that more and more people spoke English around the world. Then he taught 7 (he) English. He worked hard and got really good at it. After he retired, he worked 8 a translator (翻译). At the age of 75, he 9 (stop) being a translator. However, he didn’t stop learning. He goes on learning English at Taiyuan Senior’s College. He is happy with his life. He thinks it’s important for old people to make use of their time to do something 10 (mean). “Learning is a very important thing and we must keep learning all our life,” said Zhang. 【答案】1．discussion 2．an 3．beginning 4．teaching 5．patiently 6．before 7．himself 8．as 9．stopped 10．meaningful 【导语】本文主要讲述了一位85岁的张鸣和先生不断学习的故事。 1．句意：一个星期一的晚上，85岁的张鸣和打开他的英语书，通过微信开始了一场讨论。不定冠词a后加名词单数discussion“讨论”。故填discussion。 2．句意：张是在线学习小组的一名老师。此处泛指一个在线学习小组，online以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 3．句意：他在2019年初创办了这个小组。at the beginning of“在……开始”。故填beginning。 4．句意：他每周上三节课，已经花了100多个小时教学。teach“教”，spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”。故填teaching。 5．句意：他总是向我们耐心地解释语法规则。此处修饰动词explain用副词patiently“耐心地”。故填patiently。 6．句意：张退休前是一名教师。根据“Zhang was a teacher...he retired”可知他退休前是一名老师，before“在……之前”。故填before。 7．句意：然后他自学英语。teach oneself“自学”，主语是he，此处用反身代词himself“他自己”。故填himself。 8．句意：退休后，他做翻译。work as...“担任……工作”。故填as。 9．句意：75岁时，他不再做翻译了。根据“At the age of 75”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词用过去式stopped“停止”。故填stopped。 10．句意：他认为老年人利用他们的时间做一些有意义的事情很重要。根据“make use of their time to do something...”可知是做一些有意义的事情，修饰不定代词something用形容词meaningful“有意义的”。故填meaningful。 链接中考（测试时间：8分钟） （2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On Pingjiang Road in Suzhou, 65-year-old Ms Wu runs a traditional tea house for 30years. She never expected 1 (oneself) to become a tea master who helped build a cultural bridge. It started in 2015 when a German tourist named Klaus walked into her shop. With the help of a phone app, Ms Wu 2 (patient) showed him the way to properly brew (沏) Biluochun, Suzhou’s famous green tea. Klaus returned every day that week and 3 (bring) more friends each time. Seeing how 4 (interest) they were in Chinese tea, Ms Wu started a weekly activity called “Tea Culture Saturdays”. She showed foreigners 5 to brew tea with traditional methods—from choosing the water temperature to 6 (follow) tea-making rules. Her daughter Lily, a college student, helped translate. Soon, her tea house was always crowded with 7 (visit), including students and business people from many places. “I used to think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, 8 they love it deeply. Some of them even treat their friends with Chinese tea at home,” Ms Wu said. One of her favourite 9 (moment) was when Sarah, a Canadian, gave her a notebook filled with tea notes written in both English and Chinese. “This is why I keep teaching,” Ms Wu said, showing 10 treasured notebook. Now, her tea house appears in travel guides as “Suzhou’s cultural living room”. For tourists, every cup of tea served is a window on the tea culture of this ancient city. 【答案】1．herself 2．patiently 3．brought 4．interested 5．how 6．following 7．visitors 8．but 9．moments 10．the 【导语】本文讲述了苏州65岁的吴女士通过经营传统茶馆，意外成为促进中外茶文化交流的桥梁的故事。 1．句意：她从没预料到自己会成为一名帮助架起文化桥梁的茶艺师。主语为She，此处应用其反身代词herself指代她自己。故填herself。 2．句意：在一个手机应用程序的帮助下，吴女士耐心地向他展示如何正确冲泡苏州著名绿茶碧螺春。showed为动词，此处应用patient的副词patiently修饰动词。故填patiently。 3．句意：克劳斯在那一周的每一天都来，而且每次都会带来更多的朋友。根据“returned”可知句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词bring应用其过去式brought。故填brought。 4．句意：看到他们对中国茶如此感兴趣，吴女士发起了一个每周一次的名叫“茶文化星期六”的活动。根据“how…they were in Chinese tea”可知，该句为how引导的感叹句，be interested in“对……感兴趣”，how后接形容词。故填interested。 5．句意：她向外国游客展示如何用传统的方法泡茶——从水温选择到遵循茶道规则。根据“showed foreigners…to brew tea with traditional methods”可知，她展示泡茶的方式，用how+动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填how。 6．句意：她向外国游客展示如何用传统的方法泡茶——从水温选择到遵循茶道规则。根据“from choosing the water temperature”可知介词to后接follow的动名词following作宾语。故填following。 7．句意：很快，她的茶馆挤满了来自许多地方的学生和商务人士。根据“including students and business people from many places”可知，此处应用visit的名词visitor作宾语，且应用其复数形式表泛指。故填visitors。 8．句意：我曾以为外国人不懂我们的茶文化，但他们其实对此爱得深沉。前后两句存在转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 9．句意：她最珍视的时刻之一，就是加拿大游客萨拉送给她的一本写满中英文的茶道笔记。根据“One of her favourite”可知此处应用moment的复数形式。故填moments。 10．句意：吴女士展示着这本珍贵的笔记本说道：“这就是我坚持教学的原因。”根据上文“gave her a notebook filled with tea notes written in both English and Chinese”可知，此处应用定冠词the特指这本笔记本。故填the。 $