2026年中考英语二轮复习课件 简单句

英语简单句 Question: What is an English sentence? 我们都知道,中文句子相对比较灵活。请看下面 的例子: 1> 回家。 2> 我到啦。 3> 大明 12岁。 (没有主语) (没有宾语) (没有谓语动词) 那什么是英语句子呢? 1> 我的英语说得好。 2> 北京到了。 I speak English well. We arrive in/ get to/ reach Beijing. 主语:我的英语? 主语:北京? Beijing arrives. My English speaks well. Read aloud : I speak English well. He arrives in/ gets to/ reaches Beijing. We are having English. What happened? The spaceship has arrived. Summary: 英语句子必须有主语和谓语,并且主语应该是谓 语动作的发出者。如果有宾语,宾语应该是谓语 动作的承受者。 区别 汉语 英语 1 可以没有主谓宾 必须有主语和谓语 2 主语,谓语,宾语的顺序可以乱放 主语,谓语,宾语的顺序相对固定 3 没有固定的语法 遵循语法规则 英语简单句的基本句型: 1 主语+谓语 2 主语+谓语+宾语 3 主语+系动词+表语 4 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 6 There be +主语+地点状语 1 主+谓 在此句型中,谓语是不及物动词或不及物 动词词组。 The rain stops. Her first book came out. Mr Cao comes. The film has started. That old man died. 2 主+谓+宾 在此句型中,谓语是及物动词或及物 动词词组。 I eat dinner. He plays computer games. Tom beats ChenYixin . We like English. Summary: 1 不及物动词 vi:自身意思完整,不能直接加宾语。 2 及物动词 vt:自身意思不完整,需要加宾语。 及物动词和不及物动词都属于实义动词, 都可以充当谓语。 1> Tom cried. 2> I love my teacher. 3> We sleep. 4> He swims. 5> Lucy wants a computer. 6> The students run. 7> The train stopped. 8> Anna waits. 不及物动词 及物动词 不及物动词 不及物动词 及物动词 不及物动词 不及物动词 不及物动词 Translation a>安娜等待。 b>安娜等待地铁。 Anna waits. Anna waits for the underground. Translation a>汤姆哭了。 b>汤姆哭着求帮助。 Tom cries. Tom cries for help. Question: 不及物动词后面要接宾语 怎么办? What should we do? 不及物动词+介词 及物动词 1> look at/for/after+宾语 2>listen to+宾语 3> arrive at/in+宾语 4>get to+宾语 5> turn on/off/up/down+宾语 6> live in+宾语 7> agree with/on+宾语 3 主+系+表 系动词指连接和表示主语特征,类属, 状况,身份的动词。系动词本身有词义。 1> I am a student. 2> She is beautiful. 3> The cake tastes delicious. 4> It smells sour. 5> In spring, trees turn green. 6> The boy becomes taller and taller. 7> Please keep the classroom clean. 8> It seems right. 系动词的分类 1>1个be 2>2个似乎 3>3个保持 4>5个变 5>5个感官动词 is am are was were seem appear keep stay remain become get turn go grow look sound smell taste feel Summary a>be动词连接主语和表语,无固定的意思,用于构成句子。 She is beautiful. We are students. I am in Class 4. He was born in March. b>感官动词用法 The birthday cake looks nice. Her dress feels soft. The dish smelt delicious. Translation 那听上去是一个好主意。 她看上像她妈妈。 That sounds like a good idea. She looks like her mother. 感官动词用法2点: 1>look/sound/smell/taste/feel +形容词 2>look like/ sound like / smell like / taste like/ feel like +名词 4 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 Ms He teaches us English. Mr Cao gives LiJiani sugars. My brother bought me a gift. 间接宾语多是指人的名词或代词,表示动作对谁或为谁而做。 直接宾语多是指物的名词,在句中不可或缺。 此句型中,谓语是能引导2 个宾语(双宾语)的动词。 4 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 引导双宾语的常见动词: buy sb sth = buy sth for sb make sb sth = make sth for sb cook sb sth = cook sth for sb get sb sth = get sth for sb for表示为某人 引导双宾语的常见动词: give sb sth = give sth to sb bring sb sth = bring sth to sb lend sb sth = lend sth to sb hand sb sth = hand sth to sb take sb sth = take sth to sb tell sb sth = tell sth to sb pass sb sth = pass sth to sb send sb sth = send sth to sb show sb sth = show sth to sb leave sb sth = leave sth to sb teach sb sth= teach sth to sb to 表示对某人 5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 Teachers asks us to study hard. You should keep the classroom clean. We made him our monitor. My father wants me to be a doctor. 宾补是补充说明宾语,与主语无关。 6 There be +主语+地点状语 There is a boy in the classroom. There are 2 birds in the tree. There _ one book and 4 pens on the desk. is there be 的就近原则 there be & have/has 1 我家里有许多书。 2 我有许多书。 3 教室里有几张照片。 4 她有几张照片。 There are many books at my home. I have many books . There are several/a few photos in the classroom. She has a few/several photos. Summary: there be表示某地有某物 ,客观存在, 不表示所属关系 have/has 表示某人有某物,表示所属 关系 $