Unit 5 Languages Around the World Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

The Attributive Clause 定语从句（Ⅱ） 关系副词/介词+关系代词 1.There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. There are many reasons. This has been possible for many reasons. 主句： 从句还原： 2. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 主句还原：These were animal bones and shells. 从句还原: On these animal bones and shells, symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 主句 从句还原 3. Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. It was a time. People were divided geographically at the time. 主句 从句还原 4. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country. The Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction in one unified country. 主句 从句还原 5. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. Written Chinese has also become an important means. By this important means, China’s present is connected with its past. 主句 从句还原 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 1.根据从句中的动词选择介词。 I don’t know the foreigner with whom my teacher shook hands. I don’t know the foreigner whom/ who my teacher shook hands with. 注意：①介词+which(指物)，介词+whom(指人) ②有的由动词+介词构成的短语是不能分开的，因为这些介词存在于关系密切的固定短语中如look after, look for, listen to等。 This is the pencil that Ma Lili is looking for. 2.根据先行词来选择介词。(介词和先行词之间构成习惯搭配，而和从句谓语动词没多大系，此时介词位于关系代词之前。) He stood by the window, through which he could see what was happening outside. 3.介词+关系代词=关系副词（when, why, where） This is the house in which/ where Chairman Mao once lived. Everyone knows the reason why/for which the high dam was built. 选择定语从句的引导词时，不能只看先行词，重要的是看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。 1).This is the reason __________ ______ he left his hometown. 2). I’ll never forget the day ___________ ______ we stayed together 3).This is the girl ______ _____I learned the news. 4). This is the girl _____ is taken good care ___ in the hospital. 5).I’ll show you a store__________ ______ you may buy all that you need. 6).I don’t like the way__________ ________ you laughed at her. for which /why on which /when from whom of in which /where in which /that who 介词与关系代词 ( ) 1.先行词为人,关系代词用介词+whom; 先行词为物,关系代词用介词+which; 2.固定的动词+介词短语,介词不能提前。 3.关系代词和关系副词有时可转换： where, when, why = 介词 + which 4.先行词是the way 时,且从句中缺少方式状语时，关系词用that / in which或省略. 想一想 总结: 1.Do you know who lives in the building______there is a well? A.in front of it B. in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which 2.I’ll never forget the day____I joined the League. A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which 3.The woman_____my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom 4.Jeanne was her old friend,____she borrowed a necklace. A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom 5.His glasses,_____he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg. A.which B.with which C.without which D.that C A B B C 6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_____much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 7.He built a telescope_____he could study the skies. A.in which B.with that C.through which D.by it 8.Do you know the reason____he was late? A.that B.which C.for what D.for which 9.I have bought two ballpens,____writes well. A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of them 10.The Second World War_____millions of people were killed in 1945. A.during which B.in that C.where D.on which D C D B A 11.They held a meeting,____which the hospital director made a speech. 12.The book,_____which he paid 6 yuan, is worth reading. 13.Is this the man____whose house the police found the lost coloured TV? 14.The villagers dug along tunnel______which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers. 15.Wu Dong,_____whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. at for in through with 1. 北京有许多名胜古迹，其中长城因它悠久的历史和壮丽的景色而闻名中外。 There are numerous historical sites in Beijing, among which the Grate Wall with its long history and splendid landscape enjoys a wide reputation at home and abroad. 提升巩固练习 用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+which”。如： I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing. My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out. 1. when 1. when 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+which”。如： This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young. The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city. 2. where 2. where 用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“for + which”。如： There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished. Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school. 3. why 3. why 五. 关系副词when, where和why的用法 关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 指代的先行词 充当从句的成分 when 表时间的名词/名词词组 时间状语 where 表地点的名词/名词词组 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. on which in which for which when where why 介词+which 在从句作状语 (1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。如： This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country. (2)当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如： Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used? 关系副词的用法注意点 巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day______ (__ ______) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place ______ (____ ______) I came. 3) Is this the reason ____ (___ _____) he didn’t want to see me? when on which where from which why for which 4) Is this the room ______(__ ______) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _____ (______ ______) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting ______ (__ ______) we discussed many problems. where in which when during which at which where 1.I’ll never forget the days___________ we worked together. 2.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 3.This is the reason ___________ he was late. when /in which which where/ in which which why/ for which that/which 易混的情况: vt: give sb sth vt: spend sth vt: visit sp 4.I’ll never forget the days _______ we spent together. 5.I went to the place _______ I visited ten years ago. 6.This is the reason ______________ he gave me. Attributive Clause NOTES: 1当表示时间,地点, 原因的名词, day, time, place, factory, reason等作先行词，在定语从句中作状语时，用when, where ,why；在从句中作主语或宾语时，就用that或which. 2 分析先行词在从句中充当成分需要注意两点 一 定语从句的谓语动词（及物动词还是不及物动词） 二 定语从句中的双宾语问题 ，先行词充当介词宾语 考点解法: 如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词? 方法一 ——代入法 若可把先行词直接代入定语从句时，用关系代词； 若先行词前需加介词才可带入时，用关系副词。 方法二—— 句子成分分析法 如果先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、 定语，用关系代词； 如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词。 Find the mistakes and correct: 1.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. 2.This is the very place where we visited many years ago. that as 1）错用引导词 常见错误 ３. Hangzhou, where we spent last spring there, is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 2）定语从句中的被替换成份没有去掉。 ４. She is the only one of the girls in our class who have been to the United States. ３).定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数上 应与先行词一致 has ____ 1) He has got himself into a dangerous situation__ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 巩固提高: 2) We are living in an age _____ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 3) There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 4. We visited the factory ______ makes toys for children. A. where B. which C. in which D. at which $