Unit 8 Fighting pandemics.期末词汇拓展短语背记-2025-2026学年沪外教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语沪外教版八上Unit 8词汇拓展短语背记清单，围绕“Fighting pandemics”主题，涵盖疾病防控、健康症状、疫苗医学、卫生习惯等核心范畴，搭建从基础短语记忆到情境应用的学习支架，为学生提供系统的词汇拓展体系。 清单按主题关联分类呈现知识，如“flea”相关短语对比“flea market”与“a flea bite”，培养思维品质。每个短语配双例句覆盖不同语境，强化语言能力，融入Edward Jenner与天花疫苗等医学史内容渗透文化意识。设计同义短语并列（如“get a vaccine”与“get a vaccination”）帮助记忆，学生可自主情境化学习，教师能据此拓展话题教学，提升课堂实效。

沪外教版 八上 Unit 8 Fighting pandemics.期末词汇拓展短语背记 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句 1 a global pandemic 全球大流行病 1. The new virus caused a global pandemic a few years ago.（几年前，这种新病毒引发了一场全球大流行病。）2. Countries worked together to fight against the global pandemic.（各国共同努力对抗这场全球大流行病。） 2 prevent a pandemic 预防流行病 1. Washing hands often helps prevent a pandemic.（勤洗手有助于预防流行病。）2. Governments made plans to prevent a pandemic from spreading.（各国政府制定计划，防止流行病扩散。） 3 flea market 跳蚤市场（售卖二手物品或廉价商品的市场） 1. My mom and I bought some old books at the flea market last weekend.（上周末我和妈妈在跳蚤市场买了一些旧书。）2. The flea market near our community opens every Saturday morning.（我们社区附近的跳蚤市场每周六上午开放。） 4 a flea bite 跳蚤叮咬 1. The little dog has a red spot from a flea bite.（这只小狗被跳蚤叮咬后，身上有个红点。）2. You may feel itchy after a flea bite.（被跳蚤叮咬后，你可能会觉得痒。） 5 be sick with a cold 患感冒 1. My little sister is sick with a cold and can't go to school today.（我妹妹患了感冒，今天不能上学了。）2. He was sick with a cold last week, so he missed two classes.（他上周患了感冒，所以缺了两节课。） 6 feel sick 感到恶心；不舒服 1. I ate too much ice cream and started to feel sick.（我吃了太多冰淇淋，开始感到恶心。）2. She felt sick after riding the roller coaster.（坐完过山车后，她感到不舒服。） 7 red spots 红点 1. There are some red spots on his arm—maybe he was bitten by an insect.（他胳膊上有一些红点，可能是被虫子咬了。）2. The doctor said the red spots on her face will disappear soon.（医生说她脸上的红点很快会消失。） 8 on the spot 当场；立刻 1. The teacher saw the student cheating and punished him on the spot.（老师当场看到学生作弊，立刻处罚了他。）2. The repairman fixed the broken lamp on the spot.（修理工当场修好了坏了的灯。） 9 catch a chill 着凉 1. She forgot to wear a coat and caught a chill yesterday.（她昨天忘了穿外套，着凉了。）2. Don't stand in the wind—you may catch a chill.（别站在风里，你可能会着凉。） 10 a slight chill 轻微着凉 1. He has a slight chill, so he plans to stay home and rest.（他轻微着凉了，打算在家休息。）2. A slight chill usually gets better with hot water and rest.（轻微着凉喝热水、休息一下通常会好转。） 11 muscle pain 肌肉疼痛 1. He felt muscle pain after playing basketball for two hours.（打了两小时篮球后，他感到肌肉疼痛。）2. The doctor told her to stretch more to reduce muscle pain.（医生建议她多拉伸，缓解肌肉疼痛。） 12 arm muscles 手臂肌肉 1. He exercises every day to make his arm muscles stronger.（他每天锻炼，让手臂肌肉更强壮。）2. Lifting heavy books can make your arm muscles tired.（搬重书会让你的手臂肌肉感到疲劳。） 13 stomach ache 胃痛 1. I had a stomach ache after eating spicy food last night.（昨晚吃了辛辣食物后，我胃痛了。）2. If you have a stomach ache, you should eat some light food.（如果你胃痛，应该吃些清淡的食物。） 14 back ache 背痛 1. My dad has back ache because he sits in the office all day.（爸爸因为整天坐在办公室，背痛了。）2. Sleeping on a hard bed may help with back ache.（睡硬床可能有助于缓解背痛。） 15 get an infection 受到感染 1. The cut on his hand was not cleaned, so he got an infection.（他手上的伤口没清理，所以受到了感染。）2. You need to see a doctor if you get an infection.（如果受到感染，你需要去看医生。） 16 skin infection 皮肤感染 1. The rash on her leg turned into a skin infection.（她腿上的疹子发展成了皮肤感染。）2. The nurse cleaned the wound to prevent skin infection.（护士清理了伤口，防止皮肤感染。） 17 infected wound 感染的伤口 1. The infected wound on his foot is red and swollen.（他脚上感染的伤口又红又肿。）2. The doctor changed the bandage of the infected wound every day.（医生每天给感染的伤口换绷带。） 18 be infected with germs 感染病菌 1. You may be infected with germs if you don't wash your hands.（如果不洗手，你可能会感染病菌。）2. The patient was infected with germs and had a high fever.（这位病人感染了病菌，发了高烧。） 19 death rate 死亡率 1. The death rate of the disease dropped because of the new medicine.（因为新药，这种疾病的死亡率下降了。）2. We learned about death rate in our biology class.（我们在生物课上学过死亡率。） 20 infection rate 感染率 1. The infection rate of the flu is high in winter.（流感的感染率在冬天很高。）2. The government released the latest infection rate of the virus.（政府公布了这种病毒的最新感染率。） 21 eradicate smallpox 根除天花 1. Scientists worked hard for many years to eradicate smallpox.（科学家们努力了很多年，终于根除了天花。）2. The World Health Organization announced that we had eradicated smallpox in 1980.（世界卫生组织在1980年宣布我们已经根除了天花。） 22 smallpox vaccine 天花疫苗 1. Edward Jenner developed the first smallpox vaccine.（爱德华·詹纳研制出了第一种天花疫苗。）2. People used to get the smallpox vaccine to avoid the disease.（过去人们会接种天花疫苗来预防这种疾病。） 23 skin rash 皮疹 1. She got a skin rash after using the new soap.（用了新肥皂后，她起了皮疹。）2. The doctor gave her medicine to treat the skin rash.（医生给了她治疗皮疹的药。） 24 develop a rash 出现皮疹 1. Some children develop a rash after getting the vaccine.（有些孩子接种疫苗后会出现皮疹。）2. He developed a rash on his neck and went to see a doctor.（他脖子上出现了皮疹，去看了医生。） 25 get a vaccine 接种疫苗 1. We need to get a flu vaccine every year to stay healthy.（为了保持健康，我们每年需要接种流感疫苗。）2. My little brother was scared to get a vaccine, but he did it anyway.（我弟弟害怕接种疫苗，但还是勇敢地接种了。） 26 flu vaccine 流感疫苗 1. The hospital offers free flu vaccine for the elderly.（医院为老年人提供免费的流感疫苗。）2. My mom reminds me to get the flu vaccine before winter comes.（妈妈提醒我在冬天来临前接种流感疫苗。） 27 wipe hands 擦手 1. Please wipe your hands with a towel after washing them.（洗手后请用毛巾擦手。）2. She wiped her hands carefully before eating.（吃饭前她仔细地擦了手。） 28 wipe with a cloth 用布擦 1. He wiped the table with a clean cloth after dinner.（晚饭后他用干净的布擦了桌子。）2. Wipe the window with a dry cloth to make it clean.（用干布擦窗户，让它变干净。） 29 wipe out diseases 消灭疾病 1. With the help of vaccines, we can wipe out many serious diseases.（在疫苗的帮助下，我们可以消灭很多严重的疾病。）2. Scientists hope to wipe out this disease in the next ten years.（科学家们希望在未来十年消灭这种疾病。） 30 wipe out pests 消灭害虫 1. Farmers use safe chemicals to wipe out pests in the field.（农民用安全的化学药剂消灭田里的害虫。）2. We need to keep our house clean to wipe out pests like mice.（我们需要保持家里干净，消灭老鼠这类害虫。） 31 in Asia 在亚洲 1. China is a big country in Asia.（中国是亚洲的一个大国。）2. It is hot and rainy in many places in Asia in summer.（夏天亚洲很多地方又热又多雨。） 32 Asian countries 亚洲国家 1. Japan and South Korea are Asian countries.（日本和韩国是亚洲国家。）2. We learned about the culture of different Asian countries in class.（我们在课上学了不同亚洲国家的文化。） 33 Spanish culture 西班牙文化 1. Bullfighting is a part of Spanish culture.（斗牛是西班牙文化的一部分。）2. We watched a video about Spanish culture in our geography class.（我们在地理课上看了一段关于西班牙文化的视频。） 34 Spanish people 西班牙人 1. Spanish people like to eat paella, a kind of rice dish.（西班牙人喜欢吃海鲜饭，一种米饭料理。）2. My pen pal is one of the friendly Spanish people.（我的笔友是友善的西班牙人之一。） 35 in Spain 在西班牙 1. My uncle worked in Spain for five years.（我叔叔在西班牙工作了五年。）2. Barcelona is a beautiful city in Spain.（巴塞罗那是西班牙的一座美丽城市。） 36 visit Spain 参观西班牙 1. We plan to visit Spain next summer to see the Alhambra.（我们计划明年夏天参观西班牙，看看阿尔罕布拉宫。）2. She visited Spain last year and brought back many souvenirs.（她去年参观了西班牙，带回了很多纪念品。） 37 get a vaccination 接种疫苗 1. All children need to get a vaccination against polio.（所有孩子都需要接种脊髓灰质炎疫苗。）2. He went to the hospital to get a vaccination this morning.（今天早上他去医院接种了疫苗。） 38 vaccination rate 接种率 1. The vaccination rate of this vaccine is over 90% in our city.（这种疫苗在我们城市的接种率超过90%。）2. The government wants to increase the vaccination rate to protect people's health.（政府希望提高接种率，保护人们的健康。） 39 an ugly scar 一道难看的伤疤 1. He has an ugly scar on his forehead from a car accident.（他额头上有一道车祸留下的难看伤疤。）2. The ugly scar on her arm made her feel sad.（她胳膊上难看的伤疤让她感到难过。） 40 ugly appearance 丑陋的外表 1. Don't judge a person by their ugly appearance—kindness is more important.（不要以丑陋的外表评判一个人，善良更重要。）2. The monster in the story has an ugly appearance but a kind heart.（故事里的怪物外表丑陋，但心地善良。） 41 leave a scar 留下伤疤 1. Deep cuts may leave a scar on your skin.（很深的伤口可能会在皮肤上留下伤疤。）2. The fire left a big scar on his back.（那场火灾在他背上留下了一道很大的伤疤。） 42 scar on the arm 手臂上的伤疤 1. He showed me the scar on his arm and told me how he got it.（他给我看了手臂上的伤疤，告诉我是怎么来的。）2. The scar on her arm is getting lighter as time goes by.（随着时间推移，她手臂上的伤疤变浅了。） 43 cowpox virus 牛痘病毒 1. Edward Jenner noticed that milkmaids didn't get smallpox because of the cowpox virus.（爱德华·詹纳发现挤奶女工因为接触牛痘病毒，不会得天花。）2. The cowpox virus is less dangerous than the smallpox virus.（牛痘病毒比天花病毒危险性低。） 44 cowpox vaccine 牛痘疫苗 1. Edward Jenner used the cowpox virus to make the first cowpox vaccine.（爱德华·詹纳用牛痘病毒研制出了第一种牛痘疫苗。）2. The cowpox vaccine helped prevent smallpox in the past.（过去，牛痘疫苗帮助预防了天花。） 45 be similar to 与……相似 1. Her new dress is similar to mine—we bought it in the same store.（她的新裙子和我的相似，我们在同一家店买的。）2. The climate in this city is similar to that in my hometown.（这座城市的气候和我家乡的相似。） 46 similar appearance 相似的外表 1. The two twin sisters have similar appearance—many people can't tell them apart.（这对双胞胎姐妹外表相似，很多人分不清她们。）2. The two cats have similar appearance, both with black fur.（这两只猫外表相似，都长着黑色的毛。） 47 be curious about 对……好奇 1. Children are always curious about how things work.（孩子们总是对事物的运作方式感到好奇。）2. She is curious about the stars and often reads books about astronomy.（她对星星好奇，经常读天文学相关的书。） 48 a curious child 一个好奇的孩子 1. He is a curious child and always asks "why" to his parents.（他是个好奇的孩子，总是问父母“为什么”。）2. The curious child picked up the bug to see what it looked like.（这个好奇的孩子捡起虫子，想看看它长什么样。） 49 drinkable liquid 可饮用的液体 1. Water and milk are common drinkable liquids.（水和牛奶是常见的可饮用液体。）2. Please put the drinkable liquid in a clean cup.（请把可饮用的液体装进干净的杯子里。） 50 liquid medicine 液体药物 1. The doctor gave her some liquid medicine for her cough.（医生给了她一些治疗咳嗽的液体药物。）2. You need to take this liquid medicine three times a day.（这种液体药物你需要一天吃三次。） 51 get a blister 起水疱 1. She got a blister on her foot from wearing new shoes.（穿新鞋让她脚上起了水疱。）2. If you get a blister, don't pop it—it may get infected.（如果起了水疱，别挤破，可能会感染。） 52 blister on the foot 脚上的水疱 1. The blister on his foot hurt when he walked.（他脚上的水疱让他走路时很疼。）2. She put a bandage on the blister on her foot to protect it.（她在脚上的水疱上贴了创可贴保护它。） 53 see a physician 看内科医生 1. My grandpa has a stomach problem and needs to see a physician.（爷爷有胃病，需要去看内科医生。）2. You should see a physician if you have a long-term fever.（如果长期发烧，你应该去看内科医生。） 54 a skilled physician 一位熟练的内科医生 1. The skilled physician quickly found out what was wrong with her.（这位熟练的内科医生很快查出了她的病因。）2. We are lucky to have a skilled physician in our community hospital.（我们很幸运，社区医院里有一位熟练的内科医生。） 55 More often than not, he gets up early. 他通常早起（通常；往往） 1. More often than not, she walks to school because her home is near.（因为家离得近，她通常走路去上学。）2. More often than not, the library is quiet in the morning.（早上图书馆通常很安静。） 56 More often than not, it rains here. 这里往往会下雨（通常；往往） 1. More often than not, it snows in this mountain area in winter.（这个山区冬天往往会下雪。）2. More often than not, he forgets to take his umbrella when it rains.（下雨时他往往会忘记带伞。） 57 Edward Jenner invented the smallpox vaccine 爱德华·詹纳发明了天花疫苗 1. Edward Jenner invented the smallpox vaccine and saved many lives.（爱德华·詹纳发明了天花疫苗，拯救了很多生命。）2. We learned that Edward Jenner invented the smallpox vaccine in our history class.（我们在历史课上学到爱德华·詹纳发明了天花疫苗。） 58 Edward Jenner and cowpox 爱德华·詹纳与牛痘 1. Edward Jenner and cowpox are closely related—he used cowpox to make the vaccine.（爱德华·詹纳与牛痘关系密切，他用牛痘研制出了疫苗。）2. The story of Edward Jenner and cowpox is famous in medical history.（爱德华·詹纳与牛痘的故事在医学史上很有名。） 59 Latin words 拉丁语词汇 1. Many English words come from Latin words.（很多英语单词源自拉丁语词汇。）2. The teacher taught us some common Latin words in our language class.（老师在语文课上教了我们一些常见的拉丁语词汇。） 60 Latin language 拉丁语 1. The Latin language is not spoken by many people now, but it is still used in some fields.（现在说拉丁语的人不多，但它仍在一些领域使用。）2. He is interested in the Latin language and learns it in his free time.（他对拉丁语感兴趣，在空闲时间学习它。） 61 ease pain 减轻疼痛 1. This medicine can help ease the pain in your back.（这种药能帮助减轻你背部的疼痛。）2. Hot compresses can ease the pain of muscle aches.（热敷能减轻肌肉酸痛的疼痛。） 62 ease stress 缓解压力 1. Listening to music is a good way to ease stress.（听音乐是缓解压力的好方法。）2. She does yoga every evening to ease work stress.（她每天晚上做瑜伽，缓解工作压力。） 63 work stress 工作压力 1. My dad has a lot of work stress, so he often goes for a walk after work.（爸爸有很大的工作压力，所以下班后经常去散步。）2. Too much work stress is bad for both body and mind.（过多的工作压力对身心都不好。） 64 deal with stress 应对压力 1. It is important to learn how to deal with stress when you are a student.（作为学生，学会如何应对压力很重要。）2. She talks to her friends to deal with stress in her life.（她通过和朋友聊天来应对生活中的压力。） 65 spread a rumor 传播谣言 1. We should not spread a rumor because it may hurt others.（我们不应该传播谣言，因为它可能会伤害别人。）2. He was angry because someone spread a rumor about him at school.（他很生气，因为有人在学校传播关于他的谣言。） 66 a false rumor 虚假谣言 1. The news on the Internet turned out to be a false rumor.（网上的这条消息原来是虚假谣言。）2. The government told people not to believe a false rumor about the disease.（政府告诉人们不要相信关于这种疾病的虚假谣言。） 67 return to normal 恢复正常 1. Life began to return to normal after the pandemic ended.（流行病结束后，生活开始恢复正常。）2. The water supply will return to normal in two hours.（供水将在两小时后恢复正常。） 68 normal life 正常生活 1. We all want to go back to our normal life without masks.（我们都想回到不用戴口罩的正常生活。）2. Doing exercise every day is part of my normal life.（每天锻炼是我正常生活的一部分。） 69 washing soap 洗衣皂 1. My mom uses washing soap to clean our clothes.（妈妈用洗衣皂洗我们的衣服。）2. This washing soap is good for cleaning dirty clothes.（这种洗衣皂很适合洗脏衣服。） 70 use soap to wash hands 用肥皂洗手 1. The teacher tells us to use soap to wash hands before eating.（老师告诉我们饭前要用肥皂洗手。）2. You need to use soap to wash hands for at least 20 seconds.（你需要用肥皂洗手至少20秒。） 71 face mask 口罩 1. We need to wear a face mask when we take the bus.（坐公交车时，我们需要戴口罩。）2. My mom bought a box of face masks for our family.（妈妈给家里买了一盒口罩。） 72 wear a mask 戴口罩 1. Please wear a mask if you have a cold.（如果你感冒了，请戴口罩。）2. Everyone wears a mask in the hospital to prevent infection.（医院里每个人都戴口罩，防止感染。） 73 ear loops of a mask 口罩的耳挂 1. The ear loops of this mask are soft and not tight.（这款口罩的耳挂很软，不勒耳朵。）2. She adjusted the ear loops of her mask to make it fit better.（她调整了口罩的耳挂，让它更贴合。） 74 a rope loop 一个绳圈 1. He made a rope loop to tie the box.（他做了一个绳圈来捆盒子。）2. The dog played with a rope loop in the yard.（小狗在院子里玩一个绳圈。） 75 sanitise hands 给手消毒 1. We can use hand sanitiser to sanitise hands when there is no water.（没有水时，我们可以用洗手液给手消毒。）2. Please sanitise your hands before touching the baby.（接触宝宝前请给手消毒。） 76 sanitise surfaces 给表面消毒 1. The cleaner sanitises surfaces like tables and chairs every day.（清洁工每天给桌子、椅子这类表面消毒。）2. You should sanitise the door handle with alcohol to kill germs.（你应该用酒精给门把手消毒，杀死病菌。） 77 attach a label 贴标签 1. She needs to attach a label with her name on her school bag.（她需要在书包上贴一个写有自己名字的标签。）2. The worker attached a price label to each product.（工人给每个商品贴了价格标签。） 78 attach to the wall 固定在墙上 1. We can attach this shelf to the wall to put books.（我们可以把这个架子固定在墙上放书。）2. He used nails to attach the photo frame to the wall.（他用钉子把相框固定在墙上。） 79 it is necessary to wash hands 洗手是必需的 1. It is necessary to wash hands before cooking to keep food clean.（做饭前洗手是必需的，这样能保持食物干净。）2. It is necessary to wash hands after touching animals.（接触动物后洗手是必需的。） 80 necessary tools 必需的工具 1. Knives and pans are necessary tools for cooking.（刀和锅是做饭必需的工具。）2. He put all the necessary tools in his backpack before going camping.（去露营前，他把所有必需的工具放进了背包。） 81 advertising slogan 广告标语 1. This drink has a famous advertising slogan: "Taste the freshness".（这款饮料有句著名的广告标语：“品尝新鲜”。）2. The company made a new advertising slogan for its new product.（公司为新产品制定了一条新的广告标语。） 82 public slogan 公益口号 1. "Protect the environment" is a common public slogan.（“保护环境”是常见的公益口号。）2. The school put up posters with public slogans about saving water.（学校贴了带有节水公益口号的海报。） 83 consider doing homework 考虑做家庭作业 1. He will consider doing homework after watching this cartoon.（看完这部动画片后，他会考虑做家庭作业。）2. She is considering doing her math homework first.（她正在考虑先做数学作业。） 84 consider him as a friend 把他看作朋友 1. I consider him as a good friend because he always helps me.（我把他看作好朋友，因为他总是帮助我。）2. She considers her teacher as a friend who can talk to.（她把老师看作可以倾诉的朋友。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $