Unit 8 Fighting pandemics.派生法背记单词-2025-2026学年沪外教版英语八年级上册
2025-09-09
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摘要:
该初中英语知识清单聚焦沪外教版八上Unit 8“Fighting pandemics”单元,围绕派生法背记单词构建,涵盖34个核心原词及其派生词,搭建从原词释义、例句理解到派生词词性转换、语境应用的递进式学习支架。
清单通过“原词-派生词-例句”三维关联呈现知识体系,如“vaccine”派生出动词“vaccinate”和名词“vaccination”,每个派生词配独立例句,体现词汇应用的完整性和条理性。特色设计“一词多义标注”(如spot作名词“斑点”与动词“发现”)和“词性转换提示”(如sick→sickness名词化),培养学生的学习能力和语言能力,不同基础学生可高效记忆,教师可据此设计分层教学活动,提升课堂实效。
内容正文:
沪外教版 八上 Unit 8 Fighting pandemics.派生法背记单词
序号
原词
例句
派生词
例句
1
pandemic /pænˈdemɪk/ n.(全国或全球性)流行病;大流行病
The pandemic affected many people's daily lives.(这场流行病影响了很多人的日常生活。)
pandemic /pænˈdemɪk/ adj. 大流行的;普遍的
A pandemic disease requires global cooperation to control.(大流行病需要全球合作来控制。)
2
sick /sɪk/ adj.(身体或精神)生病的,有病的
She felt sick and stayed at home today.(她生病了,今天待在家里。)
sickness /ˈsɪknəs/ n. 疾病;恶心
Motion sickness makes me uncomfortable in cars.(晕车让我在车里很不舒服。)
3
spot /spɒt/ n. 斑点
There is a small black spot on my white shirt.(我的白衬衫上有一个小黑点。)
1. spot /spɒt/ v. 发现;认出2. spotty /ˈspɒti/ adj. 有斑点的
1. I can spot my friend in the crowd easily.(我能轻松在人群中认出我的朋友。)2. His face has spotty skin because of acne.(他脸上因为痘痘有斑点。)
4
chill /tʃɪl/ n. 着凉;受寒
She caught a chill after walking in the rain.(她在雨中走路后着凉了。)
1. chill /tʃɪl/ v. 使变冷;着凉2. chilly /ˈtʃɪli/ adj. 寒冷的
1. The cold wind chilled me to the bone.(冷风让我感到刺骨的冷。)2. It's chilly outside—don't forget your scarf.(外面很冷,别忘了戴围巾。)
5
muscle /ˈmʌsl/ n. 肌肉;肌
He exercises every day to make his muscles stronger.(他每天锻炼让肌肉更强壮。)
muscular /ˈmʌskjələ(r)/ adj. 肌肉发达的;肌肉的
The athlete has muscular arms from training.(这位运动员因训练有肌肉发达的手臂。)
6
ache /eɪk/ n.(身体某部位的)疼痛
I have a stomach ache after eating too much.(吃太多后我胃疼。)
ache /eɪk/ v. 疼痛
My legs ache badly after running 5 kilometers.(跑了5公里后,我的腿很疼。)
7
infection /ɪnˈfekʃn/ n. 传染;感染
The cut on his hand got an infection and swelled up.(他手上的伤口感染了,肿了起来。)
1. infect /ɪnˈfekt/ v. 传染;感染2. infectious /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ adj. 传染的
1. This virus can infect people through the air.(这种病毒能通过空气传染人。)2. Chickenpox is an infectious disease common in children.(水痘是儿童常见的传染病。)
8
infected /ɪnˈfektɪd/ adj. 带菌的;感染病菌的
The doctor cleaned the infected area on his leg.(医生清理了他腿上的感染部位。)
1. infect /ɪnˈfekt/ v. 传染;感染2. infection /ɪnˈfekʃn/ n. 传染;感染
1. Mosquitoes can infect humans with malaria.(蚊子能给人传染疟疾。)2. We must take steps to prevent the infection of the virus.(我们必须采取措施预防病毒感染。)
9
rate /reɪt/ n. 比率;率
The unemployment rate in this city is 5%.(这座城市的失业率是5%。)
rate /reɪt/ v. 评价;认为
Most students rate this English book as useful.(大多数学生认为这本英语书很有用。)
10
rash /ræʃ/ n. 皮疹;疹
The new medicine caused a red rash on her arms.(这种新药让她胳膊上起了红色皮疹。)
rash /ræʃ/ adj. 轻率的;鲁莽的
It's a rash decision to buy a car without thinking.(没思考就买车是个轻率的决定。)
11
vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/ n. 疫苗
The nurse gave the baby a measles vaccine.(护士给宝宝打了麻疹疫苗。)
1. vaccinate /ˈvæksɪneɪt/ v. 给……接种疫苗2. vaccination /ˌvæksɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 接种疫苗
1. The hospital vaccinates children for free every month.(医院每月给儿童免费接种疫苗。)2. The vaccination can protect you from getting the flu.(接种疫苗能保护你不得流感。)
12
wipe /waɪp/ v. 擦;拭;抹;揩;蹭
Please wipe the whiteboard clean before class.(上课前请把白板擦干净。)
wipe /waɪp/ n. 擦;抹
Give the table a quick wipe with a damp cloth.(用湿抹布快速擦一下桌子。)
13
Asia /ˈeɪʒə/ n. 亚洲(最大的洲)
China, Japan and India are all in Asia.(中国、日本和印度都在亚洲。)
1. Asian /ˈeɪʒn/ adj. 亚洲的;亚洲人的2. Asian /ˈeɪʒn/ n. 亚洲人
1. We often eat Asian food like sushi and dumplings.(我们经常吃寿司、饺子这类亚洲食物。)2. My deskmate is an Asian from South Korea.(我的同桌是来自韩国的亚洲人。)
14
Spanish /ˈspænɪʃ/ adj. 西班牙的
She is learning Spanish dancing.(她在学西班牙舞蹈。)
1. Spain /speɪn/ n. 西班牙2. Spaniard /ˈspænjəd/ n. 西班牙人
1. Spain is famous for its bullfights and flamenco.(西班牙以斗牛和弗拉门戈舞闻名。)2. The man we met yesterday is a Spaniard.(我们昨天遇到的那个男人是西班牙人。)
15
Spain /speɪn/ n. 西班牙(西南欧国家)
I plan to visit Spain with my family next summer.(我计划明年夏天和家人去西班牙旅游。)
1. Spanish /ˈspænɪʃ/ adj. 西班牙的;西班牙人的2. Spaniard /ˈspænjəd/ n. 西班牙人
1. Spanish paella is one of my favorite dishes.(西班牙海鲜饭是我最喜欢的菜之一。)2. Her aunt married a Spaniard and lives in Madrid.(她姑姑嫁给了西班牙人,住在马德里。)
16
vaccination /ˌvæksɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 接种疫苗
The child needs a vaccination before going to school.(这个孩子上学前需要接种疫苗。)
1. vaccinate /ˈvæksɪneɪt/ v. 给……接种疫苗2. vaccinated /ˈvæksɪneɪtɪd/ adj. 已接种疫苗的
1. The doctor will vaccinate you against COVID-19.(医生会给你接种新冠疫苗。)2. Vaccinated people have lower risk of serious illness.(已接种疫苗的人患重症的风险更低。)
17
ugly /ˈʌɡli/ adj. 丑陋的;难看的
The ugly duckling turned into a beautiful swan in the story.(故事里的丑小鸭变成了美丽的天鹅。)
ugliness /ˈʌɡlinəs/ n. 丑陋;难看
We shouldn't laugh at others' ugliness—kindness is more important.(我们不该嘲笑别人的外貌丑陋,善良更重要。)
18
scar /skɑː(r)/ n. 伤疤;伤痕;瘢痕
He has a small scar on his forehead from a childhood accident.(他额头上有一道小时候事故留下的小伤疤。)
scar /skɑː(r)/ v. 留下伤疤;使留精神创伤
The fire scarred his back permanently.(大火在他背上留下了永久性的伤疤。)
19
similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ adj. 相像的;相仿的;类似的
My new schoolbag is similar to my sister's.(我的新书包和我姐姐的很像。)
1. similarly /ˈsɪmələli/ adv. 相似地;类似地2. similarity /ˌsɪməˈlærəti/ n. 相似性;类似点
1. Similarly, both boys like playing basketball.(类似地,两个男孩都喜欢打篮球。)2. Can you find the similarity between these two pictures?(你能找出这两张图片的相似点吗?)
20
curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ adj. 求知欲强的;好奇的
The curious boy asked the teacher many questions about stars.(这个好奇的男孩问了老师很多关于星星的问题。)
1. curiously /ˈkjʊəriəsli/ adv. 好奇地;奇怪地2. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心;好奇的事物
1. She looked at the strange animal curiously.(她好奇地看着这只奇怪的动物。)2. His curiosity made him open the old box.(他的好奇心让他打开了这个旧盒子。)
21
liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n. 液体
Water, milk and juice are all common liquids.(水、牛奶和果汁都是常见的液体。)
liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ adj. 液体的;流动的
Liquid nitrogen is very cold and can freeze things quickly.(液氮很冷,能快速冷冻东西。)
22
blister /ˈblɪstə(r)/ n.(皮肤上摩擦或烫等引起的)水疱,疱
I got a blister on my foot from wearing new shoes.(穿新鞋让我脚上起了个水疱。)
blister /ˈblɪstə(r)/ v. 起水疱;使起水疱
The hot stove blistered her hand when she touched it.(她碰到热炉子,手上起了水疱。)
23
Latin /ˈlætɪn/ adj.(与)拉丁语(有关)的
He is studying Latin literature in college.(他在大学里学习拉丁语文学。)
Latin /ˈlætɪn/ n. 拉丁语;拉丁人
Few people can speak Latin fluently now.(现在很少有人能流利地说拉丁语了。)
24
ease /iːz/ v.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解
Listening to soft music can ease my anxiety.(听轻音乐能缓解我的焦虑。)
1. ease /iːz/ n. 容易;舒适2. easy /ˈiːzi/ adj. 容易的;舒适的
1. She solved the math problem with ease.(她轻松地解出了这道数学题。)2. This chair is very easy to sit on.(这把椅子坐起来很舒服。)
25
stress /stres/ n. 精神压力;心理负担;紧张
Too much study stress made her tired.(太多的学习压力让她很累。)
1. stress /stres/ v. 强调;使承受压力2. stressful /ˈstresfl/ adj. 有压力的;紧张的
1. Teachers always stress the importance of doing homework.(老师总是强调做作业的重要性。)2. Preparing for exams is a stressful time for students.(备考对学生来说是段有压力的时期。)
26
rumor /ˈruːmə(r)/ n. 谣言;传闻
Don't spread the rumor that the school will close.(不要传播学校要关闭的谣言。)
rumor /ˈruːmə(r)/ v. 谣传;传说
It is rumored that our class will have a new teacher.(据传我们班会来一位新老师。)
27
normal /ˈnɔːml/ adj. 典型的;正常的;一般的
It's normal to feel nervous before a big exam.(大考前感到紧张是正常的。)
1. normally /ˈnɔːməli/ adv. 通常;正常地2. normality /nɔːˈmæləti/ n. 常态;正常
1. I normally go to bed at 9:30 p.m.(我通常晚上9点半睡觉。)2. Life is returning to normality after the pandemic.(流行病过后,生活正恢复常态。)
28
soap /səʊp/ n. 肥皂
Use soap and water to wash your hands thoroughly.(用肥皂和水彻底洗手。)
soap /səʊp/ v. 用肥皂擦洗
Soap your hands for at least 20 seconds.(用肥皂擦洗双手至少20秒。)
29
mask /mɑːsk/ n. 面具;面罩
We wear masks to protect ourselves from germs.(我们戴口罩保护自己免受细菌侵害。)
mask /mɑːsk/ v. 掩饰;戴面具
She tried to mask her disappointment with a smile.(她试图用微笑掩饰自己的失望。)
30
loop /luːp/ n. 环,圈
The rope has a loop at the end for holding.(绳子末端有个便于抓握的环。)
loop /luːp/ v. 环绕;打环
The road loops around the small lake.(这条路环绕着这个小湖。)
31
sanitise /ˈsænɪtaɪz/ v.(用化学制剂)消毒,使清洁
We need to sanitise the table after each use.(每次使用后我们都需要给桌子消毒。)
1. sanitisation /ˌsænɪtaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 消毒;清洁(英式)2. sanitised /ˈsænɪtaɪzd/ adj. 经过消毒的;净化的
1. Sanitisation of public toilets is very important.(公共厕所的消毒很重要。)2. Drink only sanitised water when traveling in remote areas.(在偏远地区旅行时,只喝经过消毒的水。)
32
attach /əˈtætʃ/ v. 把……固定,把……附(在……上)
Please attach your photo to the application form.(请把你的照片贴在申请表上。)
1. attached /əˈtætʃt/ adj. 依恋的;附加的2. attachment /əˈtætʃmənt/ n. 依恋;附件
1. She is deeply attached to her grandparents.(她和祖父母感情很深。)2. The email has an attachment with the meeting notes.(这封邮件有个会议记录的附件。)
33
necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必需的;必要的
It's necessary to drink 8 glasses of water every day.(每天喝8杯水是必需的。)
1. necessarily /ˌnesəˈsərəli/ adv. 必然地;必要地2. necessity /nəˈsesəti/ n. 必要性;必需品
1. Being rich doesn't necessarily mean being happy.(有钱不一定意味着幸福。)2. Rice and vegetables are daily necessities for us.(大米和蔬菜是我们的日用品。)
34
consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ v.(尤指为作出决定而)仔细考虑,细想;体谅;考虑到;顾及
You should consider your parents' advice before quitting school.(退学之前你应该考虑父母的建议。)
1. considerate /kənˈsɪdərət/ adj. 体贴的;考虑周到的2. consideration /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn/ n. 考虑;关心
1. He is a considerate friend who always helps me.(他是个体贴的朋友,总是帮我。)2. We need to take environmental protection into consideration.(我们需要考虑环境保护。)
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