摘要:
该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了沪外教版七年级上册Unit 4 “Ready, steady, go.”的核心词汇及其派生词,涵盖动词、名词、形容词、副词等词性转换规律,构建了从“原词理解”到“派生应用”再到“语境运用”的三层学习支架,帮助学生建立完整的词汇认知体系。
清单通过分类归纳、层级标注和语境关联等方式呈现知识体系,如将高频考点“prefer → preference”设为必掌握项,并用例句对比展示词性变化后的语义差异,强化语言能力与思维品质的融合。特别设计“易混词辨析卡”和“记忆口诀提示”,例如“brave → bravely → bravery”配以“勇敢行为要记牢,副词名词都重要”的口诀,提升学生自主记忆效率。同时提供“实用短语搭配表”和“常见错误警示”,助力教师精准教学,促进学生深度理解和灵活输出,实现核心素养的多维发展。
内容正文:
沪外教版 七上 UNIT 4 Ready,steady, go. 期末派生法背记单词
序号
原词
例句
派生词
例句
1
prefer /prɪˈfɜː(r)/ v. 较喜欢;喜欢……多于……
I prefer apples to bananas.(比起香蕉,我更喜欢苹果。)
preference /ˈprefrəns/ n. 偏爱;偏好
Their preference for outdoor activities is obvious.(他们对户外活动的偏爱很明显。)
2
challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/ adj. 挑战性的;考验能力的
This math problem is challenging for me.(这道数学题对我来说很有挑战性。)
1. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ v. 挑战2. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战
1. I challenge you to a chess game.(我向你挑战一局象棋。)2. Learning English well is a big challenge.(学好英语是一项大挑战。)
3
shy /ʃaɪ/ adj. 羞怯的;怕生的
The little girl is shy and doesn’t talk much.(这个小女孩很羞怯,不太说话。)
1. shyly /ˈʃaɪli/ adv. 羞怯地;怕生地2. shyness /ˈʃaɪnəs/ n. 羞怯;腼腆
1. She smiled shyly when she got the gift.(收到礼物时,她羞怯地笑了。)2. Her shyness makes her afraid to speak in class.(她的腼腆让她不敢在课堂上发言。)
4
brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的;无畏的
He is brave enough to help the old man cross the road.(他很勇敢,敢帮老人过马路。)
1. bravely /ˈbreɪvli/ adv. 勇敢地2. bravery /ˈbreɪvəri/ n. 勇敢;勇气
1. The soldier fought bravely in the war.(士兵在战争中勇敢作战。)2. Her bravery in saving the cat moved everyone.(她救小猫时的勇气感动了所有人。)
5
improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改进;改善
I want to improve my spoken English this term.(这学期我想提高我的英语口语。)
improvement /ɪmˈpruːvmənt/ n. 改进;改善
We saw a big improvement in his math grade.(我们看到他的数学成绩有了很大进步。)
6
skill /skɪl/ n. 技巧;技艺
He has good drawing skills.(他有很好的绘画技巧。)
1. skilled /skɪld/ adj. 熟练的;有技能的2. skillful /ˈskɪlfl/ adj. 熟练的
1. My mom is skilled in cooking Chinese food.(我妈妈擅长做中餐。)2. She is skillful at playing the piano.(她弹钢琴很熟练。)
7
quick /kwɪk/ adj. 快的,迅速的
He has quick hands and can solve puzzles fast.(他手很灵巧,解谜题很快。)
quickly /ˈkwɪkli/ adv. 迅速地
She ran quickly to catch the school bus.(她快速跑着去赶校车。)
8
boxing /ˈbɒksɪŋ/ n. 拳击
His favorite sport is boxing.(他最喜欢的运动是拳击。)
box /bɒks/ v. 拳击
He can box well and won a small competition.(他拳击打得好,还赢了一场小型比赛。)
9
diving /ˈdaɪvɪŋ/ n. 跳水运动;潜水运动
She started learning diving when she was 8.(她8岁时开始学跳水。)
dive /daɪv/ v. 跳水;潜水
He can dive into the swimming pool from the high board.(他能从高跳板跳进泳池。)
10
full /fʊl/ adj. (有)大量的;丰富的;满的
The bottle is full of water.(瓶子里装满了水。)
fully /ˈfʊli/ adv. 完全地;充分地
She fully understands how to do this homework.(她完全明白怎么写这份作业。)
11
excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ n. 激动;兴奋;刺激
Everyone screamed with excitement when they won.(赢了的时候,所有人都激动地尖叫。)
1. excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/ v. 使激动;使兴奋2. excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ adj. 感到激动的
1. The good news excited all the students.(这个好消息让所有学生都很激动。)2. We were excited to meet our favorite star.(见到我们最喜欢的明星,我们很激动。)
12
race /reɪs/ n. 赛跑;速度竞赛
He won the 100-meter race in the school sports meet.(他在学校运动会上赢了100米赛跑。)
race /reɪs/ v. 赛跑;竞赛
They raced each other to the end of the street.(他们互相赛跑,冲向街的尽头。)
13
silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/ n. 银;银色
His grandfather gave him a silver watch as a gift.(他爷爷送了他一块银表当礼物。)
silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/ adj. 银色的;银制的
The moon made the lake look silver in the night.(夜晚,月光让湖面看起来呈银色。)
14
performance /pəˈfɔːməns/ n. 表现;性能;表演
Her performance in the singing contest was perfect.(她在歌唱比赛中的表现很完美。)
perform /pəˈfɔːm/ v. 表现;表演
He will perform a magic show at the party.(他会在派对上表演魔术。)
15
relay /ˈriːleɪ/ n. 接力赛
Our class team won the 4×100-meter relay.(我们班的队伍赢了4×100米接力赛。)
relay /rɪˈleɪ/ v. 传递;转播
She relayed the teacher’s message to all classmates.(她把老师的消息传达给了所有同学。)
16
cheer /tʃɪə(r)/ v. 欢呼;喝彩;加油
We cheered loudly for our team during the game.(比赛时,我们为我们的队伍大声加油。)
1. cheer /tʃɪə(r)/ n. 欢呼;喝彩2. cheerful /ˈtʃɪəfl/ adj. 高兴的;愉快的
1. When he scored, the crowd gave a loud cheer.(他进球时,观众发出了响亮的欢呼声。)2. She is always cheerful and makes everyone happy.(她总是很开朗,让所有人都开心。)
17
distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离,间距
The distance between my home and school is 2 kilometers.(我家到学校的距离是2公里。)
distant /ˈdɪstənt/ adj. 遥远的;远处的
The distant mountains look like a painting.(远处的山看起来像一幅画。)
18
finally /ˈfaɪnəli/ adv. 终于;最终
After waiting for an hour, the bus finally came.(等了一个小时后,公交车终于来了。)
1. final /ˈfaɪnl/ adj. 最后的;最终的2. final /ˈfaɪnl/ n. 决赛;期末考试
1. Tomorrow is the final day of our trip.(明天是我们旅行的最后一天。)2. He worked hard and got into the math final.(他努力学习,进入了数学决赛。)
19
unforgettable /ˌʌnfəˈgetəbl/ adj. 令人难忘的
The trip to the zoo was an unforgettable experience for me.(去动物园的旅行对我来说是一次难忘的经历。)
1. forget /fəˈɡet/ v. 忘记2. forgettable /fəˈɡetəbl/ adj. 易被忘记的
1. Don’t forget to bring your textbook tomorrow.(明天别忘了带课本。)2. The movie was boring and forgettable.(这部电影很无聊,很容易被忘记。)
20
extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ adj. 极度的;极大的
The weather is in extreme cold these days.(这些天天气极其寒冷。)
extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/ adv. 极其;非常
The food in this restaurant is extremely delicious.(这家餐厅的食物非常好吃。)
21
dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 有危险的;不安全的
It’s dangerous to play near the river.(在河边玩耍很危险。)
danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ n. 危险
There is danger in climbing mountains alone.(独自爬山有危险。)
22
popular /ˈpɒpjələ(r)/ adj. 大众喜爱的;广受欢迎的
This song is very popular among middle school students.(这首歌在中学生中很受欢迎。)
popularity /ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti/ n. 流行;受欢迎
The popularity of this game is growing fast.(这款游戏的受欢迎程度正在快速上升。)
23
injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 受伤;伤害
He got a small injury on his hand while cooking.(做饭时,他的手受了点小伤。)
1. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ v. 伤害;使受伤2. injured /ˈɪndʒəd/ adj. 受伤的
1. He fell down and injured his knee.(他摔倒了,伤到了膝盖。)2. The injured boy was sent to the hospital quickly.(受伤的男孩很快被送到了医院。)
24
practice /ˈpræktɪs/ n. 训练;练习(时间)
We need more practice to play the guitar well.(要弹好吉他,我们需要更多练习。)
1. practice /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习;训练2. practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ adj. 实用的;实际的
1. I practice playing the piano for an hour every day.(我每天练习弹钢琴一小时。)2. This tool is very practical for daily use.(这个工具日常使用很实用。)
25
danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ n. (坏事或不快之事发生的)可能性,危险
We must stay away from danger.(我们必须远离危险。)
dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 有危险的;不安全的
The broken bridge is dangerous for people to walk on.(这座破桥对行人来说很不安全。)
26
accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ n. 意外遭遇;不测事件
He had a small car accident yesterday, but he was fine.(昨天他出了点小车祸,但人没事。)
1. accidental /ˌæksɪˈdentl/ adj. 意外的;偶然的2. accidentally /ˌæksɪˈdentəli/ adv. 意外地;偶然地
1. The mistake was accidental, not on purpose.(这个错误是意外的,不是故意的。)2. She accidentally knocked over the cup of water.(她不小心打翻了水杯。)
27
breath /breθ/ n. 呼吸的空气;一口气
Take a deep breath before you speak.(说话前深呼吸一口气。)
1. breathe /briːð/ v. 呼吸2. breathless /ˈbreθləs/ adj. 气喘吁吁的;喘不过气的
1. We need to breathe fresh air every day.(我们每天都需要呼吸新鲜空气。)2. She was breathless after running up the stairs.(跑上楼梯后,她气喘吁吁的。)
28
hit /hɪt/ v. 碰撞;撞击(造成损伤)
The ball hit the window and broke it.(球撞到了窗户,把它打碎了。)
hit /hɪt/ n. 击打;撞击;热门事物
1. He made a hard hit on the ball.(他用力击球。)2. This song is a big hit this year.(这首歌是今年的热门歌曲。)
29
competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ n. 比赛;竞赛
There will be a singing competition in our school next month.(下个月我们学校会有一场歌唱比赛。)
1. compete /kəmˈpiːt/ v. 竞争;参加比赛2. competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/ adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的
1. Many students will compete in the English contest.(很多学生将参加英语竞赛。)2. He is very competitive and wants to win every game.(他很有竞争意识,想赢每一场比赛。)
30
athlete /ˈæθliːt/ n. 运动员
He is a great athlete and won many medals.(他是一名优秀的运动员,赢得了很多奖牌。)
athletic /æθˈletɪk/ adj. 运动的;体格健壮的
He is tall and athletic, so he is good at basketball.(他又高又壮,所以篮球打得好。)
31
point /pɔɪnt/ n. 某地方;地点;分数
This is the point where we met last time.(这是我们上次见面的地方。)
point /pɔɪnt/ v. 指;指向
She pointed to the red flower and asked its name.(她指着那朵红花,问它的名字。)
32
prepare /prɪˈpeə(r)/ v. 使(自己)有准备;防范
We need to prepare for the final exam.(我们需要为期末考试做准备。)
1. preparation /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/ n. 准备;预备2. prepared /prɪˈpeəd/ adj. 准备好的
1. We made lots of preparations for the party.(我们为派对做了很多准备。)2. Are you prepared for the school trip tomorrow?(你为明天的学校旅行做好准备了吗?)
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