Unit 5 分层跟踪检测(1) Starting out&Understanding ideas-【志鸿优化训练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修选择性第一册 (外研版)

Unit 5 05 分层跟踪检测（一）Startin △级|必备知识基础练 I.单词拼写 1.(2024新课标I卷)We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的)plant removal,winter planting,and (种 子)collection. 2.Before making a large purchase,she asked for a (样本)to ensure it met her quality standards. 3.The police (怀疑)him of being involved in a series of burglaries in the neighborhood. 4.The brightly colored (雀科小 perched on the branch,singing a melodious tune that filled the garden with joy. 5.His dishonesty brought (耻 )upon his entire family,who had always been known for their integrity. 6.(2024淅江1月卷)We are tempted by sugary treats because our (祖 lived in a calorie-poor world... 7.The (地质学家)analyzed the rock samples to determine their age and composition. 8.The bird's sharp (喙)was perfectly suited for cracking open the hard shells of nuts and seeds. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.The bus was so (crowd)that I had to stand all the way to school. 2.We didn't ask for all the challenges that we face,but we're determined to answer call to meet them. 2 班级 姓名 g out Understanding ideas 3.The unearthed relics are said to date back four thousand years ago. 4.Only after a family conversation did I find out she was actually my (distance)cousin. 5.We believe that he can make a quick (adapt)to the new environment. 6.The authenticity of the painting is question,and experts are conducting further tests to verify its origins. 7.If the learners of online learning can't control themselves well,they will not benefit online learning. 8.In the course of (evolve),some birds have lost the power of flight. Ⅲ.单句写作 1.我是无意中发现了我以前找不到的笔记本。 (强调句) I found the notebook I hadn't found. 2.天色渐晚，他们决定回家写作业了。（as) they decided to go home and do their homework. 3.他似乎缺乏学习的动力。(seem) ① he lacks the motivation to study. ② lack the motivation to study. 4.直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是著名的科 学家。 ①I she was a famous scientist she took off her dark glasses.(陈述句) ② she took off her dark glasses she was a famous scientist.(倒装句) ③ she took off her dark glasses she was a famous scientist. 调句) 5.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都 信任他。 ①Mike is we all believe in him.(so) ②Mike is we all believe in him.(such) ③ we all believe in him. (so的倒装) ④ we all believe in him. (such的倒装) B级I能力素养提升练】 Ⅳ.阅读理解 y (2025天津高二期中) It is widely believed that biodiversity is promoted to save species.But in reality species exist only as part of ecosystems and cannot survive unless their ecosystems are protected along with the diversity they contain as much as possible. 21 Protecting habitats is important for keeping biodiversity.In 2003,over 102,000 habitats covering nearly 19 million square kilometres,or 11.5% of the world's land surface,were under some form of protection.Though there has been a great improvement since 1962,when just 1,000 protected habitats were listed,it is still not considered enough to stop the ecocide that is endangering the world's biodiversity. For a number of environmentalists,protecting the world's 25 biodiversity hot spots is critical to saving habitats and species.But many hot spots are endangered already,having lost up to three-quarters of their original plants. The poor state of most biodiversity hot spots results directly from population growth and migration into these areas.A study found that by the mid-1990s around 1.1 billion people had lived in these hot spots.Moreover,the annual population growth rate in these areas was 1.8%,higher than the global average of 1.4%.The PAI report concluded that human- related environmental changes would continue to put pressure on hot spots.Therefore,keeping biodiversity requires paying close attention to population size. Protecting hot spots is not simply a matter of putting up fences or employing guards.The best results will be achieved when local people are educated about the value of wildlife,and actually gain a share of the benefits from eco- tourism.Only then do they have a chance to see the benefits of protecting hot spots. 1.What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A.The loss of any species can affect humans. B.Endangered species are paid more attention to by humans. 12 C.Species can still survive when their ecosystems are destroyed. D.Ecosystem protection is as important as diversity protection. 2.What does the underlined word“ecocide?” mean in Paragraph 2? A.Ecosystem protection. B.Reduction in the number of species. C.Serious damage to habitats. D.Habitat protection. 3.What's the direct cause of the terrible state of the hot spots? A.Population growth in hot spots. B.Migration out of these areas. C.Global warming. D.The global average population growth rate. 4.What's the author's opinion on protecting the hot spots? A.It's simple to carry out. B.It leads to the increase in tourists. C.It's closely linked to local people. D.It requires the local people be educated well. B (2025湖北武汉高二期末) While humans may think of agriculture as a uniquely human achievement,ants have been farming their own food for millions of years,a new study has revealed.Researchers found that ants began farming fungi(真菌)66 million years ago,around the time an asteroid(小行 struck Earth and caused a global mass extinction. While the mass extinction was destructive for many species,including dinosaurs,it presented an opportunity for fungi.With plentiful rotten plant matter on the ground,ants developed an 21 evolutionary partnership with fungi that still endures today.Over time,this relationship grew stronger,with ants improving their agricultural practices and developing advanced methods 27 million years ago,a process similar to the domestication of crops by humans."Ants have been practicing agriculture and fungus farming for much longer than humans have existed," Ted Schultz,lead author of the new paper,said in a statement."We could probably learn something from the agricultural success of these ants over the past 66 million years."Fungi-farming ants are particularly diverse in the Americas and the Caribbean,with nearly 250 different species engaged in this practice. The research,published in the journal Science, analyzed genetic data from hundreds of ant and fungi species to create detailed evolutionary trees.These genetic timelines played an important role in revealing the evolution of ants'agricultural techniques.The study builds on Schultz's 35 years of research into ant-fungus relationships, during which he and his team collected thousands of genetic samples from Central and South America.By comparing wild fungal species with ants'domesticated fungus,the researchers determined that ants have been farming fungi since shortly after the asteroid impact. The ants have bacteria that can produce antibiotics(抗生素)to fight off diseases attacking their fungi."Somehow,over the course of 66 million years,they've been able to continue to control crop disease and develop antibiotics that continue to be effective,"Schultz told Newsweek."We've only been using antibiotics for less than 100 years and we have major problems keeping up with resistance and developing 3 new antibiotics..” 5.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A.Ants began to co-exist with fungi 27 million years ago. B.Around 250 species of ants worldwide took part in fungi farming. C.Ants used more advanced ways of practicing agriculture than humans. D.Dead plant matter provided conditions for fungi to expand. 6.What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A.The methods in the research process. B.The research findings on fungi farming. C.The analysis of the genetic timeline. D.The impact of the asteroid event. 7.Which statement would Schultz probably agree with? A.Human history is much longer than that of ant agriculture. B.The antibiotics produced by ants could be used to treat humans. C.Further study could be focused on how to keep antibiotics effective. D.It's meaningless for humans to follow ants'success story in farming. 8.What's the best title for this text? A.Ants Are Smarter than Humans B.Agriculture Isn't Unique to Humans C.Ants Provided Solutions for Human Farming D.Ants Mastered Agriculture Long before Humans V.语法填空 (2025甘肃酒泉高二期末) Extinctions,where entire species are wiped out,are not unusual in our Earth's history.In fact,over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct.In the last 500 million 21 years,there have been five times 1. life on Earth has almost ended.These include the third mass extinction,2. (know)as the“Great Dying”which killed 90%to 96%of all species.And the fifth event, which 3. (occur)66 million years ago,caused the death of the dinosaurs.The reasons for extinctions are 4. (vary).According to scientists,they include volcanic eruptions,asteroids 5. (hit)the Earth from space,changes in sea levels,the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction.This time,human activity will be to blame. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally,the rate 6. which this is now happening is cause for concern. A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US,looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes,that is,the "background extinction rate".They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out:air and water pollution,forests being destroyed,factory farming and overfishing.7. is clear that human activity has 8. (negative)affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. If a sixth mass extinction occurs,scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.Of course,as we 9. (human) depend on so many species for our survival,we would also be at risk of dying out.Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature without clean water we would be unable to between animals and plants.Without forests, survive. we would have no air to breathe,10. 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 3.result from 1.ecosystem n. 4.pay attention to 2.endanger v. 5.gain a share of the benefits 3.reveal v. 4.destructive adj. 6.engage in destroy v. 7.play an important role in 5.analyze v. 6.evolve v. →evolution 8.fight off diseases n. >evolutionary adj 9.at risk of dying out 7.resist v. 四、经典句式背诵 resistance n. 1.It is widely believed that biodiversity is 二、熟词生义 promoted to save species..(Itis+过去分词+ 1.state本文义：n. that从句) 其他义：n. 句意： 2.determine本文义：v. 其他义：v. 2.Only then do they have a chance to see 三、词块速记 the benefits of protecting hot spots.(only 1.in reality 语位于句首的倒装句) 2.under some form of protection 句意： 五、长难句分析 Though there has been a great improvement since 1962,when just 1,000 protected habitats were listed, 让步状语从句 定语从句 it is still not considered enough to stop the ecocide that is endangering the world's biodiversity. 定语从句 白意： 答案见P407 215五、虽然有些人认为来自人工智能的艺术 是一种有效的创造力形式，而其他人认为人工 智能无法被真正归类为艺术，因为它缺乏人类 创造力的元素。 Unit 5 分层跟踪检测（一）Starting out& Understanding ideas I.1.seed 2.sample 3.suspect 4.finch 5.disgrace 6.ancestors 7.geologist 8.beak II.1.crowded 2.the 3.to 4.distant 5.adaptation 6.in 7.from 8.evolution IlI.1.It was by accident that 2.As it was getting late3.①It seems that②He seems to4.①didn't realize;until②Not until;did I realize 3It was not until;that I realized 5.1so honest a worker that ②such an honest worker that③So honest a worker is Mike that 4 Such an honest worker is Mike that W.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章 主要介绍了保护世界生物多样性，不仅要注重 保护栖息地，而且要关注热，点地区的保护。 1.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But in reality species exist only as part of ecosystems and cannot survive unless their ecosystems are protected along with the diversity they contain as much as possible.”可知，生态系统保护与多 样性保护同样重要。故选D项。 2.C词句猜测题。根据第二段中的 "Though there has been a great improvement since 1962,when just 1,000 protected habitats were listed,it is still not considered enough to stop the ecocide that is endangering the world's biodiversity.”可知，自l962年以来已 经取得了很大的进步，当时仅有1,000个保护 栖息地被列出。根据上下文的转折关系可知， ecocide意为“对栖息地的严重破坏”。故选 C项。 3.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The poor state of most biodiversity hot spots results directly from population growth and migration into these areas.”可知，热，点地区的 糟糕状态的直接原因是人口增长。故选A项。 4C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 "The best results will be achieved when local people are educated about the value of wildlife, and actually gain a share of the benefits from eco-tourism.Only then do they have a chance to see the benefits of protecting hot spots.”可 知，作者认为保护热，点与当地人密切相关，尤 其是他们对生态和旅游的认识和参与。故选 C项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通 过展开一项最新研究，主要讲述了蚂蚁比人类 更早种植“粮食”。 5.D推理判断题。根据第二段中的 "While the mass extinction was destructive for many species,including dinosaurs,it presented an opportunity for fungi.With plentiful rotten plant matter on the ground,ants developed an evolutionary partnership with fungi that still endures today.”可知，大灭绝让土地上出现了 很多腐烂的植物，这却给真菌大量繁殖提供了 条件。故选D项。 6.A主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可 知，第三段作者主要介绍了实验中用到的实验 方法，包括collecting,analyzing,comparing等。 故选A项。 7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “‘Somehow,over the course of66 million years,they've been able to continue to control crop disease and develop antibiotics that continue to be effective,'Schultz told Newsueek. We've only been using antibiotics for less than 100 years and we have major problems keeping up with resistance and developing new antibiotics.)”可知，Schultz认为，人类在保持 抗生素的持续有效性方面不如蚂蚁。因此，将 以后的研究集中在这一领域，Schultz可能会同 意这一观点。故选C项。 8.D主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其是第 一段内容可知，第一段就提出了蚂蚁很早就开 始种植“粮食”的观点，围绕这一观点，展开全 文。所以D项“蚂蚁早在人类之前就掌握了农 业”符合题意。故选D项。 V.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文 简述了地球物种灭绝的历史与现状，指出人类 活动正在加速第六次物种大灭绝，并强调了生 态平衡对人类生存的重要性。 1.when考查定语从句。设空处引导定 语从句，先行词是five times,在从句中作时间 状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 2.known考查非谓语动词。句中 include为谓语动词，设空处考查非谓语动词； 逻辑主语the third mass extinction与know之 间为被动关系，应用动词-ed形式known作后 置定语。故填known。 3.occurred考查动词时态。设空处为从 句的谓语动词，根据时间状语66 million years ago可知，句子应用一般过去时。故填 occurred。 4.varied/various考查形容词。设空处 应填形容词作表语，vary的形容词是varied,意 40 为“各种各样的”，或various,意为“各种各样 的”。故填varied/,various。 5.hitting考查非谓语动词。设空处考查 非谓语动词，asteroids与hit之间为逻辑上的 主动关系，应用动词-ing形式hitting作后置定 语。故填hitting。 6.at考查介词。设空处考查介词，rate 常与介词at连用，表示“以…速度”，此处构 成“介词十关系代词”引导定语从句的结构。 故填at。 7.It考查it作形式主语。设空处考查it 作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句； “it is clear that..”为固定句型，意为“很明 显…”；同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母 应大写。故填It。 8.negatively考查副词。设空处修饰动 词affected,应用副词negatively,作状语。故 填negatively。 9.humans考查名词的数。设空处应填 名词作主语，根据空后的depend可知，此处应 用复数形式humans,表示“人类”。故填 humans. 10.and考查连词。设空处前后为并列 关系，连接两个介词短语，应用连词and连接。 故填and。 知识积累卡 一、1.生态系统2.危及；危害；使遭危险 3.揭露，揭示4.破坏性的破坏5.分析 6.进化进化进化的7.抵抗；抵制抵 抗；抵制 二、1.状态州，国家2.查明确定；决 定，决心 三、1.事实上2.在某种形式的保护之下 3.由于4.对（某人/某事）注意5.分享利益 6.参与；参加，从事于7.在…中起重要作 用8.抗击疾病9.濒临灭绝的危险 四、1.人们普遍认为，促进生物多样性是 为了拯救物种。 2.只有这样，他们才有机会看到保护热点 的好处。 五、尽管自1962年仅列出1000个受保护 的栖息地以来，已经有了很大的进步，但仍然 不足以阻止危及世界生物多样性的生态灭绝。 分层跟踪检测（二）Using language I.1.characteristic 2.decline 3.goats 4.primitive 5.worldwide II.1.they had spent together 2.had meant to visit my old high school 3.What the family had done for me 4.it was the first time that 5.had never seen a more frightening creature IlI.1.woke 2.had stopped 3.had been cleaned 4.had borrowed 5.had finished 6.had 7.went 8.had prepared 9.had learned 10.professional W.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章 主要介绍了现代基于研究的伴生种植相关内 容，包括其概念、与单一种植的对比、益处以及 相关书籍所提供的信息等，强调了伴生种植对 打造健康多样花园的重要性。 1.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The latest research on 'companion planting'stresses the importance of viewing our gardens as ecosystems where plants interact with each other to create a healthy,bio-diverse place..”可知，最新研究提 到的伴生种植是指将不同相互作用的植物混 合种植在一起，营造健康、生物多样的环境。 故选C项。 2.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的 -40 "When we plant one type of plant in an area, like tomatoes,we create a 'monoculture',which often leads to more pesticides and chemical fertilizers..”可知，单一种植往往会导致更多地 使用杀虫剂和化肥，这意味着病虫害可能会增 多，需要更多化学药剂来防治。故选C项。 3.A词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“It means a more stable environment for vegetables and other plants to grow well by augmenting nutrient cycling,water conservation,pest control and carbon storage.”可知，这里说的是通过某 种方式让蔬菜和其他植物有更稳定的生长环 境，而这种方式涉及营养循环、节水、害虫防治 和碳储存等方面。结合语境可知，这些方面应 该是得到促进、提升，才能营造更好的生长环 境。augmenting意为“促进”。故选A项。 4.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 "Jessica Walliser,author of Plant Partners Science-Based Companion Planting Strategies for the Vegetable Garden,provides plant pairs that reduce pests,prevent diseases and enrich soil quality.”可知，Jessica Walliser的书主要 提供了一些植物配对的方式，这些配对可以减 少害虫、预防疾病以及提高土壤质量，所以该 书聚焦于植物配对的方式。故选B项。 V.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章 主要对夏日不在家时人们该如何保住菜园里 的植物给出了几条建议。 l.C根据下文“Automated watering systems might be the first thing that crowds into your mind.They usually work at set times to keep your plants from thirst.But in smaller spaces you might consider different solutions like adding watering globes and water bottles placed upside down in beds or planters.”可知， 9