专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期中真题汇编，山东专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东济宁·期中） We all want to give our kids the best possible advice, but when it comes to what path they should explore after education and what career possibilities are out there, where should we start? “For parents, the most important thing is to keep options open and to understand that equipping them with life skills are important,” says secondary school teacher David Earl. Your kid will probably have some idea of the terms “growth” and “fixed mindset”. Simply put, the central idea of the growth mindset (思维模式) is that intelligence (智力) and ability can be developed, and children who have this idea will try to seek opportunities to push themselves, understanding that they are likely to achieve what they want if they persevere. This challenges a fixed mindset, the idea that a child’s ability is limited and set in advance. Help your kid prepare for closed doors, tough interviews, rejection letters by encouraging them to embrace them and understand that none of them is failure. Remind them of things they’ve overcome, suggesting they view every negative experience as a chance to learn and grow, rather than an end point. Employers lay stress on all kinds of life skills, including problem-solving, leadership and creative thinking. So getting your children to think about those skills is helpful. Barclays LifeSkills has listed skills important for individuals in their future careers — communicating through videos and audio, rather than writing, and working with people from different generations and backgrounds. Good grades and passing examinations may seem like the most important thing to your kid right now, but try to encourage them to also think of longer-term goals. By thinking of a long-term goal, you may be able to find areas they need to improve. Thinking about the future can be challenging, but it’s important that your kid understands that the next step is just that one small step. It doesn’t have to be anything as huge as what career to pursue or which course to take. This is a team effort: Ask teachers, friends, or turn to experts for tips. 1．What does the growth mindset stress? A．A child’s ability can be improved. B．Success comes only from good grades. C．One’s intelligence stays unchanged. D．Children should avoid challenges to succeed. 2．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “embrace” in Paragraph 4? A．Ignore. B．Measure. C．Perform. D．Accept. 3．Which of the following might the writer agree with? A．Children should consider long-term goals instead of good grades. B．It’s parents’ responsibility to choose their children’ future careers. C．It’s a life skill to get along with people from different backgrounds. D．Children should be independent of their parents as early as possible. 4．Who is the above passage mainly intended for? A．Children. B．Parents. C．Employers. D．Teachers. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了父母应如何帮助孩子培养成长心态，面对未来的挑战，以及重视生活技能，鼓励孩子思考长期目标。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Simply put, the central idea of the growth mindset (思维模式) is that intelligence (智力) and ability can be developed, and children who have this idea will try to seek opportunities to push themselves, understanding that they are likely to achieve what they want if they persevere.(简而言之，成长心态的核心思想是智力和能力是可以培养的，有这种想法的孩子会努力寻找机会来推动自己，他们明白如果他们坚持不懈，就有可能实现他们的目标)”可知，成长心态强调的是孩子的能力是可以提高的。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。划线词embrace后代词“them”指代上文中的“closed doors, tough interviews, rejection letters (闭门羹、艰难的面试和拒绝信)”，结合下文“understand that none of them is failure”和“suggesting they view every negative experience as a chance to learn and grow, rather than an end point.(建议他们把每一次负面的经历都看作是一个学习和成长的机会，而不是终点)”可知，文中提出要让孩子们正确看待“闭门羹、艰难的面试和拒绝信”之类的负面经历，不要把它们看作是失败，要看作是一次成长的机会，即要接受负面经历。故画线词embrace意思应accept相近，意为“接受”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Barclays LifeSkills has listed skills important for individuals in their future careers — communicating through videos and audio, rather than writing, and working with people from different generations and backgrounds.(巴克莱生活技能列出了个人未来职业生涯中重要的技能——通过视频和音频进行交流，而不是写作，以及与来自不同年代和背景的人合作)”可知，作者会赞同与来自不同背景的人相处是一种生活技能。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“We all want to give our kids the best possible advice, but when it comes to what path they should explore after education and what career possibilities are out there, where should we start?(我们都想给孩子最好的建议，但当涉及到他们受教育后应该探索什么道路，以及有什么职业可能性时，我们应该从哪里开始呢？)”以及第二段中“For parents, the most important thing is to keep options open and to understand that equipping them with life skills are important(对父母来说，最重要的是保持选择的开放性，并理解为他们配备生活技能很重要)”可推知，这篇文章主要是为父母写的。故选B项。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·山东临沂·期中） It’s a classic story: A kid is forced to learn an instrument from a young age, they play it throughout their childhood, and they develop a bittersweet relationship with it. Is the constant battle between the love for the music and the hate for the constant challenge worth the fight? For me, it was. I started playing the piano when I was four-that was 15 years ago! This was huge commitment, so there must have been something worth holding on to, right? The easy guess is that I was purely in love with music and piano. Although that’s the sweeter tale, it’s a bit more complicated. I struggled a lot with piano. Family and peers were, at least in my own head, constantly placed beside me in competition. I felt pressure to be the best in order to prove something to others-and more devastatingly (破坏性地) to prove something to myself. The seed of my musical interest was grown in the sunlight of competition and doubt. Hate sprouted (滋生) when my self-criticism hit too hard. It’s difficult to learn to love something that didn’t originate from love. For a while, piano was more of an annoyance than a hobby. But somehow, love grew. It was deeply buried. But it was there, and by high school,it was strong enough that when I was truly on the verge of quitting any kind of formal training. I found the strength to hold on tighter, and dig further. I switched teachers, and got incredibly lucky with one who helped me tunnel into what I loved. I learned pieces for myself, I composed for myself, and I found confidence not because I got “good enough,” but because I learned that anything I had was good enough. The love and hate I’ve had for the piano were both planted and grown. If you too have learned to hate something, remember that with commitment, it can be uprooted, and love can make a home in its place. There is always time. There is always room. 1．What does the author want to show by telling a classic story? A．The benefits of music. B．Kids’ struggle in learning instruments. C．Kids’ bittersweet childhood. D．The popularity of learning instruments. 2．What can we know about the author’s experience of playing the piano? A．She finally quit formal training. B．She never treated it as her hobby. C．She was in pure love with music and piano. D．She once experienced great pressure from herself. 3．What helped the author find confidence? A．Her attitude. B．Her training. C．Her compromise. D．Her achievement. 4．What message is mainly delivered in the passage? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Love is a thing that grows. C．Content is better than riches. D．Chance favors the prepared mind. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了自己在学习钢琴过程中的爱与恨以及自己感悟。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“It’s a classic story: A kid is forced to learn an instrument from a young age, they play it throughout their childhood, and they develop a bittersweet relationship with it. Is the constant battle between the love for the music and the hate for the constant challenge worth the fight? For me, it was.(这是一个经典的故事：一个孩子从小就被迫学习一种乐器，他们在整个童年时期都在演奏，并与之发展出苦乐参半的关系。对音乐的热爱和对不断挑战的憎恨之间不断的斗争值得吗？对我来说，是的)”可推知，文章讲故事是为了说明孩子们在学乐器方面的挣扎，然后引出介绍自己的情况。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段“ I felt pressure to be the best in order to prove something to others-and more devastatingly (破坏性地) to prove something to myself. The seed of my musical interest was grown in the sunlight of competition and doubt.(为了向别人证明一些东西，我感受到了成为最好的人的压力——更具毁灭性的是，为了向自己证明一些东西。我对音乐的兴趣在竞争和怀疑的阳光下生长。)”可知，作者曾经经历了来自自己的巨大压力。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。原文明确提到，作者找到自信的原因是 “I learned that anything I had was good enough”（我明白自己所拥有的一切已经足够好）。这体现的是一种心态的转变 —— 不再以 “做到极致”“超越他人” 为标准，而是接纳自己的现状，认可自身的价值。B. Her training（训练）：文中并未强调训练本身带来了自信，反而提到曾因过度自我批评而滋生厌恶，可见训练并非关键。C. Her compromise（妥协）：作者并未妥协放弃，而是主动调整方向（换老师、为自己演奏创作），不属于妥协。D. Her achievement（成就）：作者明确否定了 “因为变得足够优秀才获得自信”，而是强调对自我的接纳，与成就无关。因此，是作者态度的转变帮助她找到了自信。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“It’s difficult to learn to love something that didn’t originate from love. (很难学会去爱一些不是源于爱的东西)”以及文章最后一段“The love and hate I’ve had for the piano were both planted and grown. If you too have learned to hate something, remember that with commitment, it can be uprooted, and love can make a home in its place. There is always time. There is always room.(我对钢琴的爱和恨都是种下的，也是成长的。如果你也学会了憎恨某件事，请记住，有了承诺，它可以被连根拔起，爱可以在它的地方建立一个家。时间总是有的。空间也总是有的)”以及上下文可知，文章通过自己练钢琴的经历领悟到：对东西的爱是可以逐渐培养形成的。由此推知，B项Love is a thing that grows(爱是一种成长的东西)符合文意。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·济南一中·期中） There exist cruel wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, so it’s not only necessary, but also important to have a good sense of humour just to help us go through difficult times in our lives. Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling depressed, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with. My Grandma always found humour in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is a common manner to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their faces. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humour, we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness and a little light in our lives. Therefore, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. 1．According to the passage, why is humour necessary and important? A．It can lift people’s spirits. B．It makes people more confident. C．It can help people get on well with others. D．It can help get rid of the cruelty in the world. 2．What does the underlined phrase “busting a gut” in the third paragraph mean? A．Keeping silent. B．Speaking loud. C．Laughing hard. D．Explaining carefully. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the present world? A．Disappointed. B．Content. C．Confident. D．Confused. 4．In writing the passage, what does the author mainly intend to do? A．To talk about his own understanding of humour. B．To encourage people to be humorous in daily life. C．To convince people of the power of being optimistic. D．To introduce a practical way to get through daily life. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【来源】山东省济南市第一中学2024-2025学年高一10月学情检测英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章强调了幽默感对生活的重要性，它帮助我们应对生活中的困难和压力，增进我们的人际关系和心理健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling depressed, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. (俗话说，当你知道别人感到沮丧的时候，给他们一个微笑，让我感觉很好，温暖了我的心)”可知，幽默必不可少是因为它能振奋人的精神。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their faces. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. (他们周围的每个人都可能在听到一个很棒的笑话后在地板上打滚，他们会坐在那里，脸上没有一丝微笑。他们听不懂让别人发笑的笑话)”和下文“while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space (而他们只是坐在那里，看着我，好像我是从外太空来的一样)”可知，此处在描述那些不懂幽默的人面对笑话无动于衷的反应，与此形成对比的应该是作者因为笑话而尽情地大笑，画线部分应该与“Laughing hard (开怀大笑)”意思接近。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“There exist cruel wars, fighting and sadness in the world today (当今世界存在着残酷的战争、争斗和悲伤)”和倒数第二段中“There is too much sadness and a little light in our lives. (我们的生活中有太多的悲伤和一点点光明)”可知，作者认为当今世界充满了负面的事情，悲伤远多于光明。由此可知，作者对现在的世界感到失望。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“so it’s not only necessary, but also important to have a good sense of humour just to help us go through difficult times in our lives (因此，拥有良好的幽默感不仅是必要的，而且很重要，它能帮助我们度过生活中的困难时期)”和最后一段“Therefore, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. (因此，我相信我们最好的药是聚在一起，讲一些笑话，一起笑得很开心)”可知，作者在强调幽默感对生活的重要性，认为它帮助我们应对生活中的困难和压力，增进我们的人际关系和心理健康。由此可知，文章的目的是鼓励人们在日常生活中保持幽默。故选B项。 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东泰安·期中） In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what “keeping up with (跟上) the Joneses” is about. It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbors. The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants(仆人), Momand and his wife also hired (雇佣) a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors. It was like a race (比赛), but one could never finish his race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City. Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbours. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses” because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand’s series (系列) appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years. People never seem to get tired of (厌倦) keeping up with the Joneses. And there are “Joneses” in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr Jones always seems to be ahead. 1．Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they _________. A．want to be as rich as their neighbors B．want others to know or to think that they are rich C．don’t want others to know they are rich D．want to be happy 2．It can be inferred (推断) from the story that rich people like to _________. A．live outside New York City B．live in New York City C．live in apartments D．have many neighbors 3．Arthur Momand used the name “Jones” in his series of short stories because “Jones” is _________. A．an important name B．a popular name in the United States C．his neighbor’s name D．not a good name 4．According to the writer, it is ________ to keep up with the Joneses. A．correct B．interesting C．impossible D．good 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了英语短语“keeping up with the Joneses（攀比，与邻居比阔气）”的由来，通过讲述美国人Arthur Momand的经历来解释这个短语的含义，并指出人们对于攀比的态度以及这种行为的特点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what ‘keeping up with (跟上) the Joneses’ is about. (在美国，当一个人变得富有时，他希望别人知道。即使他没有变得很富有，他也希望人们认为他很富有。这就是“攀比（跟得上Jones）”的意义所在。)”可知，有些人想要攀比是因为他们想要别人知道或者认为他们富有。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants (仆人), Momand and his wife also hired (雇佣) a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors. (他结了婚，和妻子搬到了纽约城外一个非常富裕的社区。当妈妈看到有钱人都骑马时，他每天都去骑马。当他看到富人都有仆人时，妈妈和他的妻子也雇了一个仆人，为他们的新邻居举行盛大的聚会。)”可知，Momand结婚后和妻子搬到了纽约市郊外一个非常富裕的社区，并且看到富人的一些生活方式后进行模仿。由此可以推断出，富人喜欢住在纽约市郊外。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He called it ‘Keeping up with the Joneses’ because ‘Jones’ is a very common name in the United States. (他把这本书叫做《与琼斯同行》，因为“琼斯”在美国是一个很常见的名字。)”可知，Arthur Momand使用“Jones”，是因为这在美国是一个非常常见的名字。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr Jones always seems to be ahead. (但一个人必须厌倦试图跟上Jones的步伐，因为无论做什么，Jones先生似乎总是领先。)”可知，人们不要试图去攀比，即跟得上Jones，因为无论一个人做什么，Jones先生似乎总是领先一步。这意味着无论怎样努力，都很难真正攀比上别人，所以作者认为能跟得上Jones是不可能的。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·山东菏泽·期中） Wouldn't it be great if all kids had their own teacher? One-on-one instruction for everyone. Yes, in a perfect world, this is what we would choose. Alas, we are not in a perfect world — we have school overcrowding (过度拥挤) , underpaid and overworked teachers…the list goes on and on. But smaller class size — can’t we do something about that? Smaller class size is clearly connected with achievement, according to education professors and National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data. However, an economist found that class size wasn't connected with achievement. But wait, smaller class size is connected with greater learning efficacy (功效) , even as early as kindergarten. And just changing class size — just class size, other factors aside — makes a difference (Toppo, 2008) . So why haven’t we worked towards a smaller class size? Smaller class size is more expensive. More classroom space and more teachers are needed. And in today’s economic climate, smaller class size seems further out of reach than ever. Whitehurst and Chingos, in Class Size: What Research Says and What It Means for State Policy (2011) , write: “When school has trouble with money, the cost-benefit test (成本效益测试) any educational plan must pass is not ‘Does this plan have any positive effect?’ but rather ‘Is this plan the most productive use of these educational dollars?’ ” So even if smaller class size does positively affect students, it clearly is not the most productive use of educational dollars. What is your thought on that? What are the choices? Private schools tend to have a smaller class size, but they can be expensive. There are also public schools that also tend to have a smaller class size — but space is limited. What are your ideas on class size? Is it helpful, but not “cost-effective”? Or should educational value outstrip cost-effectiveness? Or does class size not make that much of a difference to show that it is worth the cost? 1．Which is a problem of present education according to Paragraph 1? A．Small class size. B．High prices. C．Tired teachers. D．Overstressed students. 2．What does the author think of smaller class size? A．Unrealistic. B．Creative. C．Early. D．Useless. 3．What does the underlined word “outstrip” in the last paragraph mean? A．Guide. B．Overtake. C．Harm. D．Manage. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The future of small size class. B．The high cost of educational value. C．Various opinions on smaller size class. D．Problems caused by smaller size class. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了小班教学的好处和实施过程中的困难，以及不同的人对待小班教学的不同的观点与态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Wouldn't it be great if all kids had their own teacher? One-on-one instruction for everyone. Yes, in a perfect world, this is what we would choose. Alas, we are not in a perfect world — we have school overcrowding (过度拥挤) , underpaid and overworked teachers. . . the list goes on and on.(如果所有的孩子都有自己的老师不是很好吗？为每个人提供一对一的指导。是的，在一个完美的世界里，这就是我们的选择。唉，我们并不是生活在一个完美的世界里——我们的学校人满为患，教师工资过低，工作过度……这样的例子不胜枚举。)”可知，学校人满为患、教师工资过低、工作过度导致疲惫不堪，是当前教育存在的问题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段内容“So why haven't we worked towards a smaller class size? Smaller class size is more expensive. More classroom space and more teachers are needed. And in today's economic climate, smaller class size seems further out of reach than ever.(那我们为什么不努力缩小班级规模呢？小班授课的成本更高。需要更多的教室空间和更多的教师。在当今的经济环境下，小班授课似乎比以往任何时候都遥不可及。)”可知，作者认为小班化费用高，需要更多的老师和教室，在现阶段的经济环境下，显得更遥不可及，即不现实的。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据最后一段内容“What are your ideas on class size? Is it helpful, but not “cost-effective”? Or should educational value outstrip cost-effectiveness? Or does class size not make that much of a difference to show that it is worth the cost?(你对班级规模有什么想法？它是否有用，但不“划算”？还是教育价值应该outstrip成本效益？或者，班级规模并没有产生太大的差异，不足以证明它的成本是值得的？)”可知，本段是在探讨班级规模的影响与其成本之间的平衡, 孰轻孰重。因此推断画线句表示：教育价值是否应该超过成本效益?画线词与overtake意思相近。故选 B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“But smaller class size — can't we do something about that?(但是小班授课——我们就不能做点什么吗？)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了不同的人针对小班教学的好处和实施过程中的困难所持有的不同的观点。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24学年高一上·山东济宁·期中） The Human Spark “What is civilization?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal BBC series on the subject. “I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now. ”And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院). It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s collapsing steeple is in fact profoundly human – and in a particularly 21st-century way. It is not just the economy that is global today, it is culture too. People wander the world in search not just of jobs and security but also of beauty and history. Familiarity breeds affection. A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself. This visual age has endowed beauty with new power, and social media have turned great works of art into superstars. Only a few, though, have achieved this status. Just as there is only ever a handful of world-famous actors, so the pantheon of globally recognizable cultural symbols is tiny: the Mona Lisa, Michelangelo’s David, the Taj Mahal, the Great Pyramid – and Notre Dame. Disaster, too, is visual. In the 24 hours after the fire started, videos on social media of the burning cathedral were viewed nearly a quarter of a billion times. Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Nobody could look up into that vaulted ceiling without wondering at the genius of the thousands of anonymous craftsmen who, over a century and a half, realized a vision so grand in its structure and so delicate in its detail. Its survival through war and revolution connects the present to the past. The fire also binds people to each other. The outpouring of emotion it has brought forth is proof that we are all in it together. When nationalism is a rising threat, shared sadness makes borders suddenly irrelevant; a love of culture has the power to unite. When extremism divides Muslim from Christian and religious people from non-religious, those of all faiths and none are mourning together. And it will be rebuilt. The morning after the fire, the many Parisians who went to the cathedral to mourn its destruction found comfort instead. Although the spire is gone, the towers are still standing and it seems likely that the whole building can be revived. The effort to rebuild it, like the fire, will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. A high-resolution laser scan of the building, carried out recently, should help. It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, “Great edifices, like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made...Time is the architect. The nation is the builder.” 1．According to the author, ______. A．we should not care more about a building than we do about people B．it’s understandable that the floods in Africa has attracted more attention C．it’s human for people to feel deeply sorry for the destruction of Notre Dame D．people are supposed to feel guilty if they are more concerned about buildings 2．In 21st century, what make great works of art even more popular? A．The beauty of art and value of culture B．People’s search for jobs and sense of security C．The expression of humanity and amazing craftsmanship D．The arrival of visual age and popularity of social media 3．The author believes that culture ______. A．is an expression of humanity at its collective best B．arouses emotions and reminds people what they are losing C．brings people together regardless of their nationality and religious belief D．threatens the outpouring of emotions and makes people’s sadness irrelevant 4．Which word can best describe the writer’s attitude towards the rebuilding of Notre Dame? A．Positive B．Negative C．Neutral D．Concerned 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。人类文明延续至今，已经有几千年的历史，正是有了这些伟大艺术的存在，人类才能超越个体的短暂，让精神长存。像巴黎圣母院这样的建筑不仅是法国人民的骄傲，也是全人类的瑰宝。火灾发生后，全世界的人们为巴黎圣母院哀悼，那种广泛深刻的悲痛正是人性深刻的体现。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s collapsing steeple is in fact profoundly human – and in a particularly 21st-century way.(相较于关心人，更关心一座建筑似乎显得不近人情。巴黎圣母院起火引发的关注远远超过南部非洲洪水导致的1000多人死亡，这引发了人们可理解的负罪感。然而，看到大教堂尖塔倒塌时，人们普遍而强烈的悲痛，事实上是深刻的人性体现——而且是以一种特别21世纪的方式)”可知，作者认为看到大教堂尖塔倒塌时，人们普遍而强烈的悲痛，事实上是深刻的人性体现，所以人们对巴黎圣母院的破坏感到深深的遗憾是人之常情。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“This visual age has endowed beauty with new power, and social media have turned great works of art into superstars.(这个视觉时代赋予了美新的力量，而社交媒体则将伟大的艺术作品变成了超级明星)”可知，视觉时代的到来和社交媒体的普及让伟大的艺术作品更受欢迎。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The fire also binds people to each other. The outpouring of emotion it has brought forth is proof that we are all in it together. When nationalism is a rising threat, shared sadness makes borders suddenly irrelevant; a love of culture has the power to unite. When extremism divides Muslim from Christian and religious people from non-religious, those of all faiths and none are mourning together.(这场火灾也将人们彼此相连。它所激发的情感洪流证明了我们都在其中。当民族主义成为日益严重的威胁时，共同的悲伤使国界突然变得无关紧要；对文化的热爱具有团结的力量。当极端主义将穆斯林与基督徒、信教者与不信教者分隔开来时，所有信仰和无信仰的人们都在一起哀悼)”可知，作者认为，文化使人们不分国籍和宗教信仰走到一起。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“And it will be rebuilt. The morning after the fire, the many Parisians who went to the cathedral to mourn its destruction found comfort instead. Although the spire is gone, the towers are still standing and it seems likely that the whole building can be revived. The effort to rebuild it, like the fire, will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. A high-resolution laser scan of the building, carried out recently, should help.(而且，它将被重建。火灾后的早晨，许多前往大教堂哀悼其毁灭的巴黎人反而找到了安慰。尽管尖塔已毁，但塔楼仍屹立不倒，整个建筑似乎都有可能恢复生机。重建的努力，就像火灾一样，将把人们团结在一起。在24小时内，企业和富人已经筹集了6亿欧元（6.77亿美元），并启动了一系列众筹活动。最近进行的一次高分辨率激光扫描应该会有所帮助)”可知，作者认为巴黎圣母院将被重建，所以对重建巴黎圣母院的态度是积极的。故选A项。 Passage 4 （23-24学年高一上·山东泰安一中·期中） Before the Internet age, critical thinking was the most important skill of people. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a famous psychologist, a more important skill is critical ignoring.. As researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with many eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore, we are not customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates (提倡) for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers can control their information environment to reduce exposure to raise information. According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring includes three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which includes removing low-quality yet hard-to-resist (难以抵制的) information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Similarly, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. Like dieting, if one tries to depend on willpower not to click eye-catching "news", he'll surely fail. So, it's better to keep them out of sight at first! The next is to evaluate the reliability (可靠性) of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream, news agencies, which are trustworthy. The last is: "never feed the trolls." Trolls are some people who spread false information online to cause harm. Do not correct them, because they do not care about whether the information is correct. Annoying others is their goal. So, never respond to their bad behaviour with our attention. By using the above critical ignoring skills, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victim to those who try to control our attention, time, and minds. 1．What can we learn about the attention economy from paragraph 2? A．It offers more information. B．It features depressing stories. C．It saves time for Internet users. D．It seeks profits from each click. 2．Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3? A．To discuss the quality of information. B．To prove the benefits of healthy food. C．To show the importance of environments. D．To explain the effectiveness of willpower. 3．What should we do to deal with Internet trolls according to the text? A．Review their intention. B．Turn a deaf ear to them.. C．Correct their behaviour. D．Send hard facts to them. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Reasons for critical thinking in the attention economy. B．Practising the skills of critical ignoring in the digital age. C．Maximizing the benefits of critical ignoring on the Internet. D．Strategies of abandoning critical thinking for Internet users. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在数字时代，由于信息过载和注意力经济，批判性思维不再是唯一重要的技能，而更为关键的是“批判性忽视”的技能。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore,we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention.(正如研究人员指出的那样，我们生活在一个注意力经济中，互联网上的内容生产者在争夺我们的注意力。他们用大量的情感和引人注目的故事来吸引我们，而提供的有用信息却很少，所以他们可以让我们接触到盈利的广告。因此，我们不再是客户而是产品，我们点击的每一个链接都是在销售我们的时间和注意力)”可知，注意力经济可以让我们接触到盈利性广告，并从每次点击中寻求利润。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Similarly,, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank onwillpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sightto begin with.(同样，我们需要建立一个数字环境，让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线。就像节食一样，如果一个人试图依靠意志力不去点击引人注目的“新闻”，他肯定会失败。所以，最好一开始就把它们放在视线之外)”可推知，作者在第三段提到节食者，是为了强调我们需要建立一个让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线的数字环境，以此来表明环境的重要性。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Trolls are some people who spread false information online to cause harm. Do not correct them, because they do not care about whether the information is correct. Annoying others is their goal. So, never respond to their bad behaviour with our attention.(喷子是一些在网上传播虚假信息以造成伤害的人。不要纠正他们，因为他们不关心信息是否正确。惹恼别人是他们的目标。所以，永远不要用我们的注意力来回应他们的不良行为)”可知，对付网络喷子，我们最好对他们充耳不闻。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a famous psychologist, a more important skill is critical ignoring.(但在数字时代，著名心理学家Anastasia Kozyreva认为，在数字时代，一项更重要的技能是“批判性忽视”)”和第三段中“According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies.(Kozyreva认为，“批判性忽视”包括三种策略)”可知，本文主要讨论了在数字时代，需要练习“批判性忽视”技巧。故选B项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·潍坊寿光·期中） Does forgiveness go against our human nature? To address this, we need to ask a further question: What makes us human? Simply put, people hold two contrasting views on humanity. The first centers on control and power. In an early paper on forgiveness, Droll (1984) wrote that human nature leans more towards aggression (攻击性) than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against what they’re built for, much to their harm. He believes that forgivers are risking their own well-being as they show forgiveness to others, who might then take advantage of them.   For the second view, we see respect and love, in the sense of serving others, in the work of Lewis, Amini, and Lannon (2001). They present the scientific argument that we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. From this second viewpoint, forgiveness plays a key role in the overall health of both individuals and communities, both physically and mentally, because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the reduction of hatred and the reestablishment of harmony. Given that control and disrespect can affect a person’s psychological (心理的) and relational well-being, the first approach does not seem workable as a way to live. Given that forgiveness has been shown in numerous studies to increase well-being, it follows that the second approach seems more effective, both from the reasoning of philosophy and the supported theories from social science. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. Consider, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a way of social harmony? As an important warning, when we take a Classical Realist philosophical viewpoint, that of Aristotle, we see the difference between possibility and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the ability to forgive, but we have the chance to learn and get better at it. The actuality of forgiving, its actual application in conflict (冲突) situations, grows with certain training. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．It is a sign of weakness. B．It is a part of human nature. C．It is a threat to one’s well-being. D．It is a natural response to aggression. 2．Why does the author mention “slavery” in paragraph 3? A．To blame the unfairness of the system. B．To illustrate the harm from over control. C．To stress the importance of management. D．To promote the idea of harmonious interactions. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Uncertain. 4．How is forgiveness developed according to Aristotle? A．Born nature. B．Social upbringing. C．Learned practice. D．Outside pressure. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段"In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll(1984) made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. (在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Droll（1984）提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们。)”可知，Droll为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. Consider, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a way of social harmony? (即使是常识也强烈表明，对他人施加权力的意志并不能带来和谐的互动。想想看，奴隶制作为一种社会和谐的方式有多好？)”可知，通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系。)”可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中的关键作用，指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持有支持的态度。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As an important warning, when we take a Classical Realist philosophical viewpoint, that of Aristotle, we see the difference between possibility and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the ability to forgive, but we have the chance to learn and get better at it. The actuality of forgiving, its actual application in conflict (冲突) situations, grows with certain training. (值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，作者通过Aristotle，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选C项。 Passage 6 （21-22学年高一上·山东烟台·期中） On January 1st, 2018, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). Last year, China, the world’s biggest gaming market, announced new rules limiting children to just a single hour of play a day. Clinics are appearing around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit. Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock and roll, jazz, comic books, and even novels. As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring (忍受) its own time before it finally stops being debatable. However, some argue that unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to engineer their products to make them addictive. For one thing, the business-model has changed. In the old days games were bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to developers’ income. For another, games makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly adjusted to increase spending on games. The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses (诊断) become more common. Clinics are already reporting booming business, as lockdowns have given games more time to spend with their hobby. And being put together in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling (赌博) will not do the industry any favours. 1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To inform the readers of the harmful effects of games. B．To arouse the readers’ interest about the topic. C．To show growing public concern about the problem of games. D．To discuss whether it is necessary to panic about games. 2．Why is television, together with other media forms, mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To show that they are as highly addictive as games. B．To prove that the panic over games will fade away. C．To argue that these media forms are not harmful at all. D．To compare the differences among these media forms. 3．How do games developers make games addictive? A．They adjust products based on received data. B．They don’t charge players for in-game goods. C．They keep players’ video game machines updated. D．They reward top players with more playtime. 4．What does the author aim to do in the last paragraph? A．Make a prediction. B．Offer a suggestion. C．Put forward a solution. D．Give a warning. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是“游戏障碍”被世界卫生组织列为疾病，不同的心理学家就游戏是否真的让人上瘾这一问题展开讨论。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“On January 1st, 2018, “gaming disorder” —in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). (2018年1月1日，世界卫生组织认证了“游戏障碍”——它指的是人们不受控制地玩游戏，尽管会造成伤害。)”以及“Clinics are appearing around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit. (世界各地都出现了承诺治愈患者习惯的诊所。)”可知，“游戏障碍”已经被官方列为疾病，甚至于出现了很多诊所来治疗此疾病，由此可知，这些现象都说明了大众对游戏问题越来越关注。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock and roll, jazz, comic books, and even novels. (辩方认为这仅仅是另一种道德恐慌，电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书甚至小说也发出了类似的警告。)”可知，辩方认为游戏上瘾和电视、摇滚乐等其他都只是道德恐慌，结合“As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring (忍受) its own time before it finally stops being debatable. (作为最新的大众媒体，游戏在它最终停止争议之前只是在经历它自己的时代。)”可推断出，引用电视等其他媒体形式的目的是为了强调游戏并没有那么恐慌，它和其他媒体方式一样都有自己存在的时间，最终这种恐慌会消失。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly adjusted to increase spending on games.(智能手机和现代电子游戏机利用自身永久性的互联网连接将游戏数据传回开发者。这可以让产品能够不断调整来增加游戏支出。)”可知，游戏开发者利用互联网连接接收数据，再根据数据不断调整产品，以此让产品越来越受欢迎。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. (游戏行业应该意识到在现实世界中，游戏存在一个问题，而且这个问题还在不断恶化。)”以及“And being put together in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling (赌博) will not do the industry any favours. (而在大众心中，无论公平与否，与赌博放在一起都不会给游戏行业带来任何好处。)”可知，作者认为游戏存在问题，且这样的问题不断的恶化，且与赌博放在一起都不会给游戏行业带来任何好处，由此可知，作者对游戏持负面态度，是在向游戏行业提出警告，大众不会认同和赌博挂钩的行业。故选D项。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东新泰一中·期中） When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading(数字阅读)is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type — and it comes with a high carbon footprint(碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to have a great advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices(设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. Their cases are made from plastic that comes from fossil fuels, and the minerals in their batteries require a lot of resources to be mined. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “It’s not cut and dried,” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” Yet, Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environmental-friendly activity. 1．What does the report show? A．Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B．Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C．Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D．Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2．Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A．Its transportation B．Its waste management. C．Its production process. D．Its recycling programs. 3．According to the text, it is better to choose digital reading if you______. A．read a lot B．hardly take notes C．enjoy reading at night D．only read books out of need 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B．How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C．Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D．Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章对比了纸质书籍和电子阅读器在环境保护方面的优劣，指出阅读方式的选择对环境的影响并非一成不变，取决于个人的阅读习惯。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books.(根据Words Rated 2023年的报告，纸质书出版是第三大温室气体排放源，美国每年有3200万棵树被砍伐用于制作书籍纸张)”可知，该报告指出纸质书出版对环境不友好。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“：But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage.(但数字设备也伴随着巨大的碳足迹，主要集中在生产阶段)”可知，数字设备对环境影响最大的是其生产过程。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do.(如果你买了一个电子阅读器并在上面阅读很多书，那么这是最低碳的做法)”可知，如果你经常阅读，选择电子阅读器是更环保的，因此选项A“读很多书”是正确的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章第一段“When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice?(说到阅读，人们有不同的偏好。有些人会选择纸质书，因为它们很容易借阅和分享。还有一些人会选择电子阅读器，也许是在手机上，因为它们很方便。但哪个是更环保的选择？)”可知，文章围绕纸质书和电子书哪个更环保的问题展开论述，所以最适合的标题是“纸质书还是电子阅读器，哪个对环境更好”。故选D。 主题01 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东济南·期中） “I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end — that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there. 1．Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A．To discuss a novel. B．To submit a book report. C．To argue for a writer. D．To ask for a reading list. 2．What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B．Readers are often carried away by character. C．Each type of literature has its unique end. D．A story which begins well will end well. 3．What is expected of a good ending? A．It satisfies readers’ taste. B．It fits with the story development. C．It is usually positive. D．It is open for imagination. 4．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A．To give examples of great novelists. B．To stress the theme of this issue. C．To encourage writing for the magazine. D．To recommend their new books. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 这就是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （23-24学年高一上·山东德州·期中） If there was an app claiming to improve your memory, would you be willing to try it? It’s hard to resist the idea of having a better memory. In response to this perceived need, the brain training industry has grown rapidly, offering a wide range of accessible and affordable mental exercises through smartphone and tablet apps. Many researchers have found evidence suggesting that well-designed exercises can improve mental abilities and lead to better scores on IQ tests. They compare the brain to muscles, suggesting that targeted repetition of memory exercises can strengthen and condition our memory processes, similar to how athletes engage in strength and conditioning by repeatedly exercising specific muscle groups. In contrast to everyday activities like solving a complex puzzle, memory training apps are specifically designed to provide a more challenging workout for the brain. These apps typically involve tasks that require tracking a large number of objects while being distracted (使分心) by a secondary task, such as mental calculations or exploring a game’s landscape. If this brain training proves effective, it could be beneficial for individuals with brain-related disabilities or those recovering from conditions like cancer. Critics, though, argue that while the concept is appealing, the overall evidence fails to demonstrate significant improvement in core brain processes. Additionally, despite the claims made by many apps and brain training companies, scientists have yet to identify the key factors that make an intervention truly effective or determine the best approaches to address the diverse needs of individuals seeking help. While the question is still open to debate, there is evidence suggesting that short-term working memory training can benefit high-functioning individuals. However, it’s important to note that brain training, like diet and exercise, is unlikely to have identical effects on every individual. 1．In what way is the brain similar to muscles according to many researchers? A．In testing results. B．In work processes. C．In bodily functions. D．In training methods. 2．What is the main feature of the typical tasks in memory training apps? A．Simple. B．Effective. C．Demanding. D．Interesting. 3．What do critics think memory training apps lack? A．Legal claims. B．Proven effects. C．Tailored services. D．Appealing concepts 4．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．Can Our Memory be Improved? B．Does Brain Training Actually Work? C．What have Scientists Found about Memory? D．What does the Brain Training Industry Bring? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是议论文，文章对经过良好设计的大脑练习能够改善记忆力的有效性进行讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They compare the brain to muscles, suggesting that targeted repetition of memory exercises can strengthen and condition our memory processes, similar to how athletes engage in strength and conditioning by repeatedly exercising specific muscle groups.”（他们将大脑与肌肉进行比较，表明有针对性的重复记忆练习可以加强和调节我们的记忆过程，类似于运动员通过反复锻炼特定肌肉群来增强力量和调节能力）可知，许多研究者认为大脑类似于肌肉，也可以通过重复的练习来得到加强和调节，即训练方法相似，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In contrast to everyday activities like solving a complex puzzle, memory training apps are specifically designed to provide a more challenging workout for the brain. These apps typically involve tasks that require tracking a large number of objects while being distracted by a secondary task, such as mental calculations or exploring a game’s landscape.”（与解决复杂谜题等日常活动不同，记忆训练应用程序是专门为大脑提供更具挑战性的锻炼而设计的。这些应用通常涉及需要跟踪大量对象的任务，同时被次要任务分散注意力，例如心算或探索游戏景观。）可知，记忆训练应用程序中典型任务的主要特点是具有挑战性，非常苛刻，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Critics, though, argue that while the concept is appealing, the overall evidence fails to demonstrate significant improvement in core brain processes. ”（然而，批评者认为，尽管这个概念很吸引人，但总体证据未能证明大脑核心过程有显著改善。”）可知，批评者认为记忆训练应用程序缺乏经过证实的效果，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通过全文可知，文章的话题是通过手机应用程序进行大脑训练可以提高记忆力，但批评者对这些应用程序的有效性表示怀疑。虽然证据显示短期记忆训练对高功能人群有益，但大脑训练并不是对每个人都有效，故B “大脑训练真的有效吗”契合文章主旨，最适合作为标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （21-22学年高一上·山东青岛·期中） I was cutting up lettuce in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about soaking the lettuce stub (莴苣残余部分) in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed cup and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window. On a snowy morning I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope. Beaten, but not defeated. This lettuce was not done living! Within days, it was impossible to see the cuts where I had removed the leaves. The growth was explosive. And when I lifted the blossoming head out of the cup, tiny root threads fell down, seeking for the earth. What is growing here? Lettuce or hope? If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to skeptically assess where I found myself before committing to full growth. Yet for this lettuce, my inadequate offering of water and a place by a window was enough for it to decide to reclaim itself again. It grew in a cup of water, in faith. This is the heart of this lettuce: alive, strong and fearless. It deserved a name. I decided to call it Monty. Monty wanted to grow, as we all do. I think I gave him a little love and freedom. Those two were all he needed to return to himself. I see joy in this lettuce. The return to self is always an expression of joy, which is life itself. This is the tendency of all living things. Monty still lives in a cup, but I’m going to transplant him outside. He deserves to become his full self. The only problem I see now is my ability to support Monty. I hope I have enough of a green finger. I’m surprised to find myself where I am. Maybe Monty is, too. I have the same choice as he does: give in or start again. The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave. 1．Why did the author soak the stub in water? A．To decorate the nice cup. B．To hope that it would grow. C．To make a video in person. D．To remove kitchen rubbish. 2．What can we infer from paragraph two? A．This lettuce showed no sign of recovery. B．This lettuce was still fighting to survive. C．Tiny root thread climbed out of the cup. D．The cuts can still be seen where there used to be leaves. 3．How would the author feel if put in the lettuce’s situation? A．Hesitant. B．Fearless. C．Aimless. D．Annoyed. 4．What can we learn from Monty? A．Never being afraid to restart yourself. B．Believing in yourself when in trouble. C．Enjoying your own life to the fullest. D．Giving freedom to the heart in a way. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在厨房里切莴苣的时候突发奇想，尝试泡水种植莴苣根部，意外地观察到新生命的诞生。通过描述从一片小叶子的萌发到快速生长的过程，作者赋予这棵莴苣一个名字Monty，看到其中的希望和生长的力量。最后，作者从Monty的生长经历中领悟到，应该勇敢面对挑战，敢于重新开始。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was cutting up lettuce in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about soaking the lettuce stub (莴苣残余部分) in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed cup and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window. (我正在厨房切莴苣，突然想起看过一个视频，讲的是把莴苣残余部分泡在水里，就会长出一个全新的蔬菜。于是我拿出一个宽口杯子，把残余部分放进去，浇了一点水，然后把它放在窗边)”可知，作者把莴苣残余部分泡在水中是希望能看到它生长。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“On a snowy morning I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope. Beaten, but not defeated. This lettuce was not done living! Within days, it was impossible to see the cuts where I had removed the leaves. (在一个下雪的早晨，我注意到了第一个迹象。第一片小叶子从它的芯里伸出来。希望的小绿旗。被打败了，但没有被打败。这莴苣没有放弃生存！几天之内，我就无法看到我切除叶子的伤口了)”可知，这棵莴苣没有放弃生长，真的长出了小叶子，很快就迅速覆盖住原先的伤口。由此可知，这棵莴苣还在挣扎求生。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to skeptically assess where I found myself before committing to full growth. (如果我是一棵处于类似状况的莴苣，我会先怀疑地评估一下自己的状况，然后再开始全面生长)”可知，如果作者处于莴苣的状况之下，他会犹豫不决，在评估好环境后才努力生长。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I have the same choice as he does: give in or start again. The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave. (我和他有同样的选择：要么放弃，要么重新开始。重新开始的前景令人沮丧。但是我的莴苣朋友Monty在前面带路。我只希望能像他一样勇敢)”可知，作者认识到自己应该像莴苣朋友Monty一样勇敢，不畏惧重新开始可能遇到的令人沮丧的状况。由此可知，我们应该向Monty学习永远不要害怕重新开始。故选A项。 主题03 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东日照·期中） The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into educational settings has been a topic of considerable debate. Supporters claim that AI can improve the way we teach and learn, while some people feel worried and argue that it may destroy the essence of education. People in favor of AI in education believe that it can provide personalized learning experiences. By analyzing a student’s performance, AI can identify what they are good at and areas that require improvement. This allows for a tailored approach to education, ensuring that each student’s needs are met. Moreover, AI can automatically finish administrative tasks, such as grading and scheduling, which can save teachers valuable time that can be redirected towards more interactive and engaging teaching methods. On the other hand, critics are concerned about the potential loss of human interaction that AI might bring. They argue that the educational experience is not just about acquiring knowledge but also about developing social skills and emotional intelligence. AI, in its current state, may not be equipped to provide the same level of empathy and understanding that human teachers can offer. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and the ethical problems. The use of AI in education also raises questions about equity. While AI has the potential to provide resources to students who might not otherwise have access to them, there is a risk that schools with more resources will be able to use AI more effectively, potentially widening the educational gap. In conclusion, the role of AI in campus is a complex issue with no one-size-fits-all answer. It is essential to consider both the benefits and the potential traps when integrating AI into educational settings. The key is to find a balance that enhances the educational experience without compromising the human elements that are necessary parts of learning. 1．What is one benefit of AI in education mentioned in the article? A．It can replace human teachers. B．It can increase the cost of education. C．It can limit students’ access to resources. D．It can provide personalized learning experiences. 2．What is a concern raised by critics regarding AI in education? A．AI can make education more expensive. B．AI can make students less independent. C．AI can only be used in wealthy schools. D．AI can lead to a loss of human interaction. 3．How does the writer develop the article? A．In order of logic. B．In order of time. C．In order of cause and effect. D．In order of problem and solution. 4．Which is the suitable title to the article? A．AI in Education: The Future of Learning B．The Impact of AI on Educational Equity C．Balancing AI and Human Elements in Education D．AI and the Loss of Human Interaction in Classrooms 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要分析了将人工智能应用到教育当中的优势和弊端，提出了要找到一种既能提高教育体验，又不损害学习中必要的人的因素的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“People in favor of AI in education believe that it can provide personalized learning experiences. (支持人工智能教育的人认为，它可以提供个性化的学习体验。)”可知，人工智能应用于教育中的一个好处就是它能提供个性化的学习体验。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“On the other hand, critics are concerned about the potential loss of human interaction that AI might bring. (另一方面，批评人士担心人工智能可能会带来人类互动的潜在损失。)”可知，批评人士提出的一个担忧是人工智能可能会导致人类丧失了互动行为。故选D。 3．推理判断题。文章的第一段“The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into educational settings has been a topic of considerable debate. (人工智能与教育环境的整合一直是一个备受争议的话题。)”开篇点题，提出文章的话题；第二段“People in favor of AI in education believe that it can provide personalized learning experiences. (支持人工智能教育的人认为，它可以提供个性化的学习体验。)”讲述了人工智能应用于教育可能带来的好处；第三段“On the other hand, critics are concerned about the potential loss of human interaction that AI might bring. (另一方面，批评人士担心人工智能可能会带来人类互动的潜在损失。)”讲述了可能带来的弊端；第四段“The use of AI in education also raises questions about equity. (人工智能在教育中的应用也引发了公平问题。)”提出了这种应用引发的其它问题；最后一段“In conclusion, the role of AI in campus is a complex issue with no one-size-fits-all answer. (总之，人工智能在校园中的作用是一个复杂的问题，没有一个放之四海而皆准的答案。)”和“The key is to find a balance that enhances the educational experience without compromising the human elements that are necessary parts of learning. (关键是要找到一种平衡，既能提高教育体验，又不损害学习中必要的人的因素。)”对话题进行了总结，并提出了解决的方向。由此可见，作者是按照逻辑顺序来展开文章的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The key is to find a balance that enhances the educational experience without compromising the human elements that are necessary parts of learning. (关键是要找到一种平衡，既能提高教育体验，又不损害学习中必要的人的因素。)”和全文内容可知，本文主要认为将人工智能应用到教育中去，关键是要平衡人工智能和教育中的人的因素。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·山东青岛·期中） It’s Paris Fashion Week and the streets of the city are filled with designers, models and journalists. Among the crowds, eagle-eyed experts are taking careful notes. Their job is to detect emerging trends. Their notes will instantly be added to selected “trend forecasts”, which will be sold to designers, who will use them to inspire new pieces. Traditionally, these fashion forecasters have relied only on such methods to make predictions. But as artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have become increasingly powerful in the last decade, forecasting agencies are now turning to machine learning for help. This is all welcome news for an industry worth about $2 trillion globally. Forecasts can have a big influence on the fashion industry’s carbon footprint, which is responsible for at least 4% of all worldwide emissions. Designers will produce more of what will actually sell——at the moment, 25% of fashion products are unsalable, or not sold. Besides, using AI tools that can analyze millions of posts from around the world allows designers to look at fashion trends more globally. But designers often feel insecure about relying just on the data provided by AI. “A few years ago, there were big indicators on social media of yellow being a trend,” says Francesca Muston, vice president of a trend forecasting company. “And if you had followed completely the social media data gathered by AI models, yellow pieces would seem to be a good investment. But how many people are really going to wear a bright yellow coat? That’s a brave fashion choice.” AI tools don’t have their own aesthetic (审美的) viewpoint so they may not be able to satisfy people’s desire for newness. “That’s why we maintain a very strong creative viewpoint in our forecasting with a team of industry experts,” says Muston Dr Michal Koren, a researcher, ways, “The role of human experts in identifying trends will continue to be crucial even as AI and data-driven models become more accurate.” 1．What is the purpose of the notes taken by the experts? A．To report the news about Paris Fashion Week. B．To help them make fashion predictions. C．To compare different design methods. D．To collect information about designers. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss? A．The various benefits of using Al tools to predict trends. B．The high environmental costs of the fashion industry. C．The importance of looking at fashion more globally. D．The serious problem of unsalable fashion products. 3．Why does Muston mention the trend of yellow predicted a few years ago? A．To explain why people dislike some new trends. B．To show AI fashion predictions are not always reliable. C．To describe the recent changes in people’s fashion choices. D．To prove the key role of social media in fashion forecasting. 4．Which statement might both Muston and Koren agree with? A．Machine learning is more creative than human experts. B．Many human trend forecasters will be unemployed. C．It is possible for Al to have its own fashion sense. D．AI tools will not replace human trend forecasters. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲人工智能正在时尚预测领域大显身手，不过由于它自身没有审美，所以它很难取代人类时尚预测专家。 1．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Among the crowds, eagle-eyed experts are taking careful notes. Their job is to detect emerging trends. Their notes will instantly be added to selected ‘trend forecasts’, which will be sold to designers, who will use them to inspire new pieces. Traditionally, these fashion forecasters have relied only on such methods to make predictions.(在人群中，目光敏锐的专家们正在仔细地做笔记。他们的工作是发现新出现的趋势。他们的笔记将立即添加到选定的‘趋势预测’中，这些预测将出售给设计师，他们将用这些笔记来激发新作品的灵感。传统上，这些时尚预测者只依靠这些方法进行预测。)”可知，这些专家在巴黎时装周上记笔记的目的是帮助他们预测时装趋势。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。由文章第三段“This is all welcome news for an industry worth about $2 trillion globally. Forecasts can have a big influence on the fashion industry’s carbon footprint, which is responsible for at least 4% of all worldwide emissions. Designers will produce more of what will actually sell——at the moment, 25% of fashion products are unsalable, or not sold. Besides, using AI tools that can analyze millions of posts from around the world allows designers to look at fashion trends more globally.(对于一个全球价值约2万亿美元的行业来说，这都是好消息。预测会对时尚行业的碳足迹产生重大影响，该行业至少占全球总排放量的4%。设计师将生产更多实际销售的产品——目前，25%的时尚产品滞销或滞销。此外，使用可以分析来自世界各地数百万条帖子的人工智能工具，设计师可以更全面地了解全球时尚趋势。)”中提供的数据和事实可知，本段论述了使用人工智能预测时装趋势的多种益处。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“AI tools don’t have their own aesthetic (审美的)viewpoint so they may not be able to satisfy people’s desire for newness. “That’s why we maintain a very strong creative viewpoint in our forecasting with a team of industry experts,” says Muston(人工智能工具没有自己的美学观点，因此可能无法满足人们对新鲜事物的渴望。穆斯顿说：‘这就是为什么我们与行业专家团队在预测中保持了非常强烈的创造性观点。’)”可知，Muston提到几年前预测的黄色调时尚趋势，是为了说明人工智能时尚预测有时候会不可靠。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“That’s why we maintain a very strong creative viewpoint in our forecasting with a team of industry experts,(这就是为什么我们与行业专家团队在预测中保持了非常强烈的创造性观点，)”和最后一段中“The role of human experts in identifying trends will continue to be crucial even as AI and data-driven models become more accurate.(即使人工智能和数据驱动模型变得更加准确，人类专家在识别趋势方面的作用也将继续至关重要。)”可知，Muston和Koren都认为，人工智能工具不会取代人类时尚预测专家。故选D项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东济宁·期中） We all want to give our kids the best possible advice, but when it comes to what path they should explore after education and what career possibilities are out there, where should we start? “For parents, the most important thing is to keep options open and to understand that equipping them with life skills are important,” says secondary school teacher David Earl. Your kid will probably have some idea of the terms “growth” and “fixed mindset”. Simply put, the central idea of the growth mindset (思维模式) is that intelligence (智力) and ability can be developed, and children who have this idea will try to seek opportunities to push themselves, understanding that they are likely to achieve what they want if they persevere. This challenges a fixed mindset, the idea that a child’s ability is limited and set in advance. Help your kid prepare for closed doors, tough interviews, rejection letters by encouraging them to embrace them and understand that none of them is failure. Remind them of things they’ve overcome, suggesting they view every negative experience as a chance to learn and grow, rather than an end point. Employers lay stress on all kinds of life skills, including problem-solving, leadership and creative thinking. So getting your children to think about those skills is helpful. Barclays LifeSkills has listed skills important for individuals in their future careers — communicating through videos and audio, rather than writing, and working with people from different generations and backgrounds. Good grades and passing examinations may seem like the most important thing to your kid right now, but try to encourage them to also think of longer-term goals. By thinking of a long-term goal, you may be able to find areas they need to improve. Thinking about the future can be challenging, but it’s important that your kid understands that the next step is just that one small step. It doesn’t have to be anything as huge as what career to pursue or which course to take. This is a team effort: Ask teachers, friends, or turn to experts for tips. 1．What does the growth mindset stress? A．A child’s ability can be improved. B．Success comes only from good grades. C．One’s intelligence stays unchanged. D．Children should avoid challenges to succeed. 2．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “embrace” in Paragraph 4? A．Ignore. B．Measure. C．Perform. D．Accept. 3．Which of the following might the writer agree with? A．Children should consider long-term goals instead of good grades. B．It’s parents’ responsibility to choose their children’ future careers. C．It’s a life skill to get along with people from different backgrounds. D．Children should be independent of their parents as early as possible. 4．Who is the above passage mainly intended for? A．Children. B．Parents. C．Employers. D．Teachers. Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·山东临沂·期中） It’s a classic story: A kid is forced to learn an instrument from a young age, they play it throughout their childhood, and they develop a bittersweet relationship with it. Is the constant battle between the love for the music and the hate for the constant challenge worth the fight? For me, it was. I started playing the piano when I was four-that was 15 years ago! This was huge commitment, so there must have been something worth holding on to, right? The easy guess is that I was purely in love with music and piano. Although that’s the sweeter tale, it’s a bit more complicated. I struggled a lot with piano. Family and peers were, at least in my own head, constantly placed beside me in competition. I felt pressure to be the best in order to prove something to others-and more devastatingly (破坏性地) to prove something to myself. The seed of my musical interest was grown in the sunlight of competition and doubt. Hate sprouted (滋生) when my self-criticism hit too hard. It’s difficult to learn to love something that didn’t originate from love. For a while, piano was more of an annoyance than a hobby. But somehow, love grew. It was deeply buried. But it was there, and by high school,it was strong enough that when I was truly on the verge of quitting any kind of formal training. I found the strength to hold on tighter, and dig further. I switched teachers, and got incredibly lucky with one who helped me tunnel into what I loved. I learned pieces for myself, I composed for myself, and I found confidence not because I got “good enough,” but because I learned that anything I had was good enough. The love and hate I’ve had for the piano were both planted and grown. If you too have learned to hate something, remember that with commitment, it can be uprooted, and love can make a home in its place. There is always time. There is always room. 1．What does the author want to show by telling a classic story? A．The benefits of music. B．Kids’ struggle in learning instruments. C．Kids’ bittersweet childhood. D．The popularity of learning instruments. 2．What can we know about the author’s experience of playing the piano? A．She finally quit formal training. B．She never treated it as her hobby. C．She was in pure love with music and piano. D．She once experienced great pressure from herself. 3．What helped the author find confidence? A．Her attitude. B．Her training. C．Her compromise. D．Her achievement. 4．What message is mainly delivered in the passage? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Love is a thing that grows. C．Content is better than riches. D．Chance favors the prepared mind. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·济南一中·期中） There exist cruel wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, so it’s not only necessary, but also important to have a good sense of humour just to help us go through difficult times in our lives. Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling depressed, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with. My Grandma always found humour in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is a common manner to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their faces. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humour, we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness and a little light in our lives. Therefore, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. 1．According to the passage, why is humour necessary and important? A．It can lift people’s spirits. B．It makes people more confident. C．It can help people get on well with others. D．It can help get rid of the cruelty in the world. 2．What does the underlined phrase “busting a gut” in the third paragraph mean? A．Keeping silent. B．Speaking loud. C．Laughing hard. D．Explaining carefully. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the present world? A．Disappointed. B．Content. C．Confident. D．Confused. 4．In writing the passage, what does the author mainly intend to do? A．To talk about his own understanding of humour. B．To encourage people to be humorous in daily life. C．To convince people of the power of being optimistic. D．To introduce a practical way to get through daily life. 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东泰安·期中） In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what “keeping up with (跟上) the Joneses” is about. It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbors. The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants(仆人), Momand and his wife also hired (雇佣) a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors. It was like a race (比赛), but one could never finish his race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City. Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbours. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses” because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand’s series (系列) appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years. People never seem to get tired of (厌倦) keeping up with the Joneses. And there are “Joneses” in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr Jones always seems to be ahead. 1．Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they _________. A．want to be as rich as their neighbors B．want others to know or to think that they are rich C．don’t want others to know they are rich D．want to be happy 2．It can be inferred (推断) from the story that rich people like to _________. A．live outside New York City B．live in New York City C．live in apartments D．have many neighbors 3．Arthur Momand used the name “Jones” in his series of short stories because “Jones” is _________. A．an important name B．a popular name in the United States C．his neighbor’s name D．not a good name 4．According to the writer, it is ________ to keep up with the Joneses. A．correct B．interesting C．impossible D．good Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·山东菏泽·期中） Wouldn't it be great if all kids had their own teacher? One-on-one instruction for everyone. Yes, in a perfect world, this is what we would choose. Alas, we are not in a perfect world — we have school overcrowding (过度拥挤) , underpaid and overworked teachers…the list goes on and on. But smaller class size — can’t we do something about that? Smaller class size is clearly connected with achievement, according to education professors and National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data. However, an economist found that class size wasn't connected with achievement. But wait, smaller class size is connected with greater learning efficacy (功效) , even as early as kindergarten. And just changing class size — just class size, other factors aside — makes a difference (Toppo, 2008) . So why haven’t we worked towards a smaller class size? Smaller class size is more expensive. More classroom space and more teachers are needed. And in today’s economic climate, smaller class size seems further out of reach than ever. Whitehurst and Chingos, in Class Size: What Research Says and What It Means for State Policy (2011) , write: “When school has trouble with money, the cost-benefit test (成本效益测试) any educational plan must pass is not ‘Does this plan have any positive effect?’ but rather ‘Is this plan the most productive use of these educational dollars?’ ” So even if smaller class size does positively affect students, it clearly is not the most productive use of educational dollars. What is your thought on that? What are the choices? Private schools tend to have a smaller class size, but they can be expensive. There are also public schools that also tend to have a smaller class size — but space is limited. What are your ideas on class size? Is it helpful, but not “cost-effective”? Or should educational value outstrip cost-effectiveness? Or does class size not make that much of a difference to show that it is worth the cost? 1．Which is a problem of present education according to Paragraph 1? A．Small class size. B．High prices. C．Tired teachers. D．Overstressed students. 2．What does the author think of smaller class size? A．Unrealistic. B．Creative. C．Early. D．Useless. 3．What does the underlined word “outstrip” in the last paragraph mean? A．Guide. B．Overtake. C．Harm. D．Manage. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The future of small size class. B．The high cost of educational value. C．Various opinions on smaller size class. D．Problems caused by smaller size class. Passage 3 （23-24学年高一上·山东济宁·期中） The Human Spark “What is civilization?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal BBC series on the subject. “I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now. ”And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院). It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s collapsing steeple is in fact profoundly human – and in a particularly 21st-century way. It is not just the economy that is global today, it is culture too. People wander the world in search not just of jobs and security but also of beauty and history. Familiarity breeds affection. A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself. This visual age has endowed beauty with new power, and social media have turned great works of art into superstars. Only a few, though, have achieved this status. Just as there is only ever a handful of world-famous actors, so the pantheon of globally recognizable cultural symbols is tiny: the Mona Lisa, Michelangelo’s David, the Taj Mahal, the Great Pyramid – and Notre Dame. Disaster, too, is visual. In the 24 hours after the fire started, videos on social media of the burning cathedral were viewed nearly a quarter of a billion times. Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Nobody could look up into that vaulted ceiling without wondering at the genius of the thousands of anonymous craftsmen who, over a century and a half, realized a vision so grand in its structure and so delicate in its detail. Its survival through war and revolution connects the present to the past. The fire also binds people to each other. The outpouring of emotion it has brought forth is proof that we are all in it together. When nationalism is a rising threat, shared sadness makes borders suddenly irrelevant; a love of culture has the power to unite. When extremism divides Muslim from Christian and religious people from non-religious, those of all faiths and none are mourning together. And it will be rebuilt. The morning after the fire, the many Parisians who went to the cathedral to mourn its destruction found comfort instead. Although the spire is gone, the towers are still standing and it seems likely that the whole building can be revived. The effort to rebuild it, like the fire, will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. A high-resolution laser scan of the building, carried out recently, should help. It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, “Great edifices, like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made...Time is the architect. The nation is the builder.” 1．According to the author, ______. A．we should not care more about a building than we do about people B．it’s understandable that the floods in Africa has attracted more attention C．it’s human for people to feel deeply sorry for the destruction of Notre Dame D．people are supposed to feel guilty if they are more concerned about buildings 2．In 21st century, what make great works of art even more popular? A．The beauty of art and value of culture B．People’s search for jobs and sense of security C．The expression of humanity and amazing craftsmanship D．The arrival of visual age and popularity of social media 3．The author believes that culture ______. A．is an expression of humanity at its collective best B．arouses emotions and reminds people what they are losing C．brings people together regardless of their nationality and religious belief D．threatens the outpouring of emotions and makes people’s sadness irrelevant 4．Which word can best describe the writer’s attitude towards the rebuilding of Notre Dame? A．Positive B．Negative C．Neutral D．Concerned Passage 4 （23-24学年高一上·山东泰安一中·期中） Before the Internet age, critical thinking was the most important skill of people. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a famous psychologist, a more important skill is critical ignoring.. As researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with many eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore, we are not customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates (提倡) for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers can control their information environment to reduce exposure to raise information. According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring includes three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which includes removing low-quality yet hard-to-resist (难以抵制的) information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Similarly, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. Like dieting, if one tries to depend on willpower not to click eye-catching "news", he'll surely fail. So, it's better to keep them out of sight at first! The next is to evaluate the reliability (可靠性) of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream, news agencies, which are trustworthy. The last is: "never feed the trolls." Trolls are some people who spread false information online to cause harm. Do not correct them, because they do not care about whether the information is correct. Annoying others is their goal. So, never respond to their bad behaviour with our attention. By using the above critical ignoring skills, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victim to those who try to control our attention, time, and minds. 1．What can we learn about the attention economy from paragraph 2? A．It offers more information. B．It features depressing stories. C．It saves time for Internet users. D．It seeks profits from each click. 2．Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3? A．To discuss the quality of information. B．To prove the benefits of healthy food. C．To show the importance of environments. D．To explain the effectiveness of willpower. 3．What should we do to deal with Internet trolls according to the text? A．Review their intention. B．Turn a deaf ear to them.. C．Correct their behaviour. D．Send hard facts to them. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Reasons for critical thinking in the attention economy. B．Practising the skills of critical ignoring in the digital age. C．Maximizing the benefits of critical ignoring on the Internet. D．Strategies of abandoning critical thinking for Internet users. Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·潍坊寿光·期中） Does forgiveness go against our human nature? To address this, we need to ask a further question: What makes us human? Simply put, people hold two contrasting views on humanity. The first centers on control and power. In an early paper on forgiveness, Droll (1984) wrote that human nature leans more towards aggression (攻击性) than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against what they’re built for, much to their harm. He believes that forgivers are risking their own well-being as they show forgiveness to others, who might then take advantage of them.   For the second view, we see respect and love, in the sense of serving others, in the work of Lewis, Amini, and Lannon (2001). They present the scientific argument that we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. From this second viewpoint, forgiveness plays a key role in the overall health of both individuals and communities, both physically and mentally, because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the reduction of hatred and the reestablishment of harmony. Given that control and disrespect can affect a person’s psychological (心理的) and relational well-being, the first approach does not seem workable as a way to live. Given that forgiveness has been shown in numerous studies to increase well-being, it follows that the second approach seems more effective, both from the reasoning of philosophy and the supported theories from social science. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. Consider, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a way of social harmony? As an important warning, when we take a Classical Realist philosophical viewpoint, that of Aristotle, we see the difference between possibility and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the ability to forgive, but we have the chance to learn and get better at it. The actuality of forgiving, its actual application in conflict (冲突) situations, grows with certain training. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．It is a sign of weakness. B．It is a part of human nature. C．It is a threat to one’s well-being. D．It is a natural response to aggression. 2．Why does the author mention “slavery” in paragraph 3? A．To blame the unfairness of the system. B．To illustrate the harm from over control. C．To stress the importance of management. D．To promote the idea of harmonious interactions. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Uncertain. 4．How is forgiveness developed according to Aristotle? A．Born nature. B．Social upbringing. C．Learned practice. D．Outside pressure. Passage 6 （21-22学年高一上·山东烟台·期中） On January 1st, 2018, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). Last year, China, the world’s biggest gaming market, announced new rules limiting children to just a single hour of play a day. Clinics are appearing around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit. Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock and roll, jazz, comic books, and even novels. As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring (忍受) its own time before it finally stops being debatable. However, some argue that unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to engineer their products to make them addictive. For one thing, the business-model has changed. In the old days games were bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to developers’ income. For another, games makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly adjusted to increase spending on games. The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses (诊断) become more common. Clinics are already reporting booming business, as lockdowns have given games more time to spend with their hobby. And being put together in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling (赌博) will not do the industry any favours. 1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To inform the readers of the harmful effects of games. B．To arouse the readers’ interest about the topic. C．To show growing public concern about the problem of games. D．To discuss whether it is necessary to panic about games. 2．Why is television, together with other media forms, mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To show that they are as highly addictive as games. B．To prove that the panic over games will fade away. C．To argue that these media forms are not harmful at all. D．To compare the differences among these media forms. 3．How do games developers make games addictive? A．They adjust products based on received data. B．They don’t charge players for in-game goods. C．They keep players’ video game machines updated. D．They reward top players with more playtime. 4．What does the author aim to do in the last paragraph? A．Make a prediction. B．Offer a suggestion. C．Put forward a solution. D．Give a warning. 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东新泰一中·期中） When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading(数字阅读)is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type — and it comes with a high carbon footprint(碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to have a great advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices(设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. Their cases are made from plastic that comes from fossil fuels, and the minerals in their batteries require a lot of resources to be mined. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “It’s not cut and dried,” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” Yet, Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environmental-friendly activity. 1．What does the report show? A．Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B．Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C．Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D．Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2．Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A．Its transportation B．Its waste management. C．Its production process. D．Its recycling programs. 3．According to the text, it is better to choose digital reading if you______. A．read a lot B．hardly take notes C．enjoy reading at night D．only read books out of need 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B．How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C．Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D．Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? 主题01 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东济南·期中） “I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end — that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there. 1．Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A．To discuss a novel. B．To submit a book report. C．To argue for a writer. D．To ask for a reading list. 2．What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B．Readers are often carried away by character. C．Each type of literature has its unique end. D．A story which begins well will end well. 3．What is expected of a good ending? A．It satisfies readers’ taste. B．It fits with the story development. C．It is usually positive. D．It is open for imagination. 4．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A．To give examples of great novelists. B．To stress the theme of this issue. C．To encourage writing for the magazine. D．To recommend their new books. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （23-24学年高一上·山东德州·期中） If there was an app claiming to improve your memory, would you be willing to try it? It’s hard to resist the idea of having a better memory. In response to this perceived need, the brain training industry has grown rapidly, offering a wide range of accessible and affordable mental exercises through smartphone and tablet apps. Many researchers have found evidence suggesting that well-designed exercises can improve mental abilities and lead to better scores on IQ tests. They compare the brain to muscles, suggesting that targeted repetition of memory exercises can strengthen and condition our memory processes, similar to how athletes engage in strength and conditioning by repeatedly exercising specific muscle groups. In contrast to everyday activities like solving a complex puzzle, memory training apps are specifically designed to provide a more challenging workout for the brain. These apps typically involve tasks that require tracking a large number of objects while being distracted (使分心) by a secondary task, such as mental calculations or exploring a game’s landscape. If this brain training proves effective, it could be beneficial for individuals with brain-related disabilities or those recovering from conditions like cancer. Critics, though, argue that while the concept is appealing, the overall evidence fails to demonstrate significant improvement in core brain processes. Additionally, despite the claims made by many apps and brain training companies, scientists have yet to identify the key factors that make an intervention truly effective or determine the best approaches to address the diverse needs of individuals seeking help. While the question is still open to debate, there is evidence suggesting that short-term working memory training can benefit high-functioning individuals. However, it’s important to note that brain training, like diet and exercise, is unlikely to have identical effects on every individual. 1．In what way is the brain similar to muscles according to many researchers? A．In testing results. B．In work processes. C．In bodily functions. D．In training methods. 2．What is the main feature of the typical tasks in memory training apps? A．Simple. B．Effective. C．Demanding. D．Interesting. 3．What do critics think memory training apps lack? A．Legal claims. B．Proven effects. C．Tailored services. D．Appealing concepts 4．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．Can Our Memory be Improved? B．Does Brain Training Actually Work? C．What have Scientists Found about Memory? D．What does the Brain Training Industry Bring? Passage 2 （21-22学年高一上·山东青岛·期中） I was cutting up lettuce in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about soaking the lettuce stub (莴苣残余部分) in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed cup and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window. On a snowy morning I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope. Beaten, but not defeated. This lettuce was not done living! Within days, it was impossible to see the cuts where I had removed the leaves. The growth was explosive. And when I lifted the blossoming head out of the cup, tiny root threads fell down, seeking for the earth. What is growing here? Lettuce or hope? If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to skeptically assess where I found myself before committing to full growth. Yet for this lettuce, my inadequate offering of water and a place by a window was enough for it to decide to reclaim itself again. It grew in a cup of water, in faith. This is the heart of this lettuce: alive, strong and fearless. It deserved a name. I decided to call it Monty. Monty wanted to grow, as we all do. I think I gave him a little love and freedom. Those two were all he needed to return to himself. I see joy in this lettuce. The return to self is always an expression of joy, which is life itself. This is the tendency of all living things. Monty still lives in a cup, but I’m going to transplant him outside. He deserves to become his full self. The only problem I see now is my ability to support Monty. I hope I have enough of a green finger. I’m surprised to find myself where I am. Maybe Monty is, too. I have the same choice as he does: give in or start again. The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave. 1．Why did the author soak the stub in water? A．To decorate the nice cup. B．To hope that it would grow. C．To make a video in person. D．To remove kitchen rubbish. 2．What can we infer from paragraph two? A．This lettuce showed no sign of recovery. B．This lettuce was still fighting to survive. C．Tiny root thread climbed out of the cup. D．The cuts can still be seen where there used to be leaves. 3．How would the author feel if put in the lettuce’s situation? A．Hesitant. B．Fearless. C．Aimless. D．Annoyed. 4．What can we learn from Monty? A．Never being afraid to restart yourself. B．Believing in yourself when in trouble. C．Enjoying your own life to the fullest. D．Giving freedom to the heart in a way. 主题03 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山东日照·期中） The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into educational settings has been a topic of considerable debate. Supporters claim that AI can improve the way we teach and learn, while some people feel worried and argue that it may destroy the essence of education. People in favor of AI in education believe that it can provide personalized learning experiences. By analyzing a student’s performance, AI can identify what they are good at and areas that require improvement. This allows for a tailored approach to education, ensuring that each student’s needs are met. Moreover, AI can automatically finish administrative tasks, such as grading and scheduling, which can save teachers valuable time that can be redirected towards more interactive and engaging teaching methods. On the other hand, critics are concerned about the potential loss of human interaction that AI might bring. They argue that the educational experience is not just about acquiring knowledge but also about developing social skills and emotional intelligence. AI, in its current state, may not be equipped to provide the same level of empathy and understanding that human teachers can offer. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and the ethical problems. The use of AI in education also raises questions about equity. While AI has the potential to provide resources to students who might not otherwise have access to them, there is a risk that schools with more resources will be able to use AI more effectively, potentially widening the educational gap. In conclusion, the role of AI in campus is a complex issue with no one-size-fits-all answer. It is essential to consider both the benefits and the potential traps when integrating AI into educational settings. The key is to find a balance that enhances the educational experience without compromising the human elements that are necessary parts of learning. 1．What is one benefit of AI in education mentioned in the article? A．It can replace human teachers. B．It can increase the cost of education. C．It can limit students’ access to resources. D．It can provide personalized learning experiences. 2．What is a concern raised by critics regarding AI in education? A．AI can make education more expensive. B．AI can make students less independent. C．AI can only be used in wealthy schools. D．AI can lead to a loss of human interaction. 3．How does the writer develop the article? A．In order of logic. B．In order of time. C．In order of cause and effect. D．In order of problem and solution. 4．Which is the suitable title to the article? A．AI in Education: The Future of Learning B．The Impact of AI on Educational Equity C．Balancing AI and Human Elements in Education D．AI and the Loss of Human Interaction in Classrooms Passage 2 （23-24学年高一上·山东青岛·期中） It’s Paris Fashion Week and the streets of the city are filled with designers, models and journalists. Among the crowds, eagle-eyed experts are taking careful notes. Their job is to detect emerging trends. Their notes will instantly be added to selected “trend forecasts”, which will be sold to designers, who will use them to inspire new pieces. Traditionally, these fashion forecasters have relied only on such methods to make predictions. But as artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have become increasingly powerful in the last decade, forecasting agencies are now turning to machine learning for help. This is all welcome news for an industry worth about $2 trillion globally. Forecasts can have a big influence on the fashion industry’s carbon footprint, which is responsible for at least 4% of all worldwide emissions. Designers will produce more of what will actually sell——at the moment, 25% of fashion products are unsalable, or not sold. Besides, using AI tools that can analyze millions of posts from around the world allows designers to look at fashion trends more globally. But designers often feel insecure about relying just on the data provided by AI. “A few years ago, there were big indicators on social media of yellow being a trend,” says Francesca Muston, vice president of a trend forecasting company. “And if you had followed completely the social media data gathered by AI models, yellow pieces would seem to be a good investment. But how many people are really going to wear a bright yellow coat? That’s a brave fashion choice.” AI tools don’t have their own aesthetic (审美的) viewpoint so they may not be able to satisfy people’s desire for newness. “That’s why we maintain a very strong creative viewpoint in our forecasting with a team of industry experts,” says Muston Dr Michal Koren, a researcher, ways, “The role of human experts in identifying trends will continue to be crucial even as AI and data-driven models become more accurate.” 1．What is the purpose of the notes taken by the experts? A．To report the news about Paris Fashion Week. B．To help them make fashion predictions. C．To compare different design methods. D．To collect information about designers. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss? A．The various benefits of using Al tools to predict trends. B．The high environmental costs of the fashion industry. C．The importance of looking at fashion more globally. D．The serious problem of unsalable fashion products. 3．Why does Muston mention the trend of yellow predicted a few years ago? A．To explain why people dislike some new trends. B．To show AI fashion predictions are not always reliable. C．To describe the recent changes in people’s fashion choices. D．To prove the key role of social media in fashion forecasting. 4．Which statement might both Muston and Koren agree with? A．Machine learning is more creative than human experts. B．Many human trend forecasters will be unemployed. C．It is possible for Al to have its own fashion sense. D．AI tools will not replace human trend forecasters. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $