内容正文:
冀教版 八上 UNIT 8 Protecting the environment. 同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
(音标+词性+意思)
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
shark /ʃɑːk/ n. 鲨鱼(100)
复数:sharks
N/A
N/A
1. Sharks play an important role in the ocean food chain.(鲨鱼在海洋食物链中扮演重要角色。)2. Many shark species are in danger now.(现在许多鲨鱼物种处于危险之中。)
2
plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ n. 塑料 adj. 塑料的;可塑的(100)
名词复数:plastics;形容词无比较级/最高级
N/A
1. plastic bags(塑料袋)2. plastic bottles(塑料瓶)
1. We should stop using single-use plastic products.(我们应该停止使用一次性塑料产品。)2. This chair is made of plastic material.(这把椅子是塑料材质的。)
3
bottle /ˈbɒtl/ n. 瓶子;一瓶(的量)(100)
复数:bottles
N/A
a bottle of(一瓶……)
1. She drank a bottle of milk for breakfast.(她早餐喝了一瓶牛奶。)2. Please put the empty bottle into the recycling bin.(请把空瓶子放进回收箱。)
4
bin /bɪn/ n. 垃圾箱;大储藏箱(100)
复数:bins
N/A
1. dust bin(垃圾桶)2. recycling bin(回收箱)
1. Don’t throw rubbish on the ground; use the bin.(别把垃圾扔地上,用垃圾箱。)2. We sorted the waste and put it into different bins.(我们把垃圾分类,放进不同的箱子里。)
5
recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用;再利用(100)
过去式/过去分词:recycled;现在分词:recycling
recycling n. 回收利用
recycle sth.(回收利用某物)
1. We can recycle paper, glass and plastic.(我们可以回收纸张、玻璃和塑料。)2. This factory recycles old batteries to reduce pollution.(这家工厂回收旧电池以减少污染。)
6
behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. 行为;举止(100)
(美式拼写:behavior)无复数
behave v. 表现;举止
good/bad behaviour(好/坏行为)
1. His good behaviour won the teacher’s praise.(他的良好行为赢得了老师的表扬。)2. We should teach children proper public behaviour.(我们应该教孩子正确的公共行为规范。)
7
harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的(100)
比较级:more harmful;最高级:most harmful
harm n. 伤害;v. 伤害
be harmful to(对……有害)
1. Smoking is harmful to your health.(吸烟对你的健康有害。)2. Some chemicals are harmful to aquatic life.(有些化学物质对水生生物有害。)
8
whale /weɪl/ n. 鲸(100)
复数:whales
N/A
N/A
1. Whales are the largest animals in the ocean.(鲸是海洋中最大的动物。)2. Many whales are killed because of illegal hunting.(许多鲸因非法捕猎而被杀害。)
9
gun /ɡʌn/ n. 枪;炮(100)
复数:guns
N/A
N/A
1. Carrying a gun is illegal in many countries.(在许多国家,携带枪支是非法的。)2. The police found a hidden gun in his house.(警方在他家里发现了一把隐藏的枪。)
10
kilo /ˈkiːləʊ/ n. 千克;公斤(100)
复数:kilos(全称:kilogram)
N/A
a kilo of(一千克……)
1. I bought a kilo of apples from the market.(我从市场买了一千克苹果。)2. This box of rice weighs five kilos.(这箱大米重五千克。)
11
stomach /ˈstʌmək/ n. 胃;腹部(100)
复数:stomachs
N/A
have a stomach ache(胃痛)
1. Eating too much cold food will hurt your stomach.(吃太多冷食会伤胃。)2. He held his stomach and looked very painful.(他抱着肚子,看起来很痛苦。)
12
situation /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ n. 状况;形势(100)
复数:situations
N/A
1. the current situation(当前形势)2. deal with a situation(处理情况)
1. We need to find a way to improve the bad situation.(我们需要找到办法改善糟糕的形势。)2. She stayed calm when facing the dangerous situation.(面对危险情况时,她保持了冷静。)
13
worse /wɜːs/ adj. 更糟的;更坏的(bad的比较级)(100)
最高级:worst;副词形式:worse(badly的比较级)
N/A
1. be worse than(比……更糟)2. get worse(变得更糟)
1. The weather today is worse than yesterday.(今天的天气比昨天更糟。)2. His illness got worse because he didn’t take medicine.(他因为没吃药,病情变得更糟了。)
14
global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的;全世界的(102)
无比较级/最高级
globalization n. 全球化
1. global warming(全球变暖)2. global economy(全球经济)
1. Global warming has affected many parts of the world.(全球变暖已经影响了世界许多地区。)2. This company has a global business network.(这家公司拥有全球业务网络。)
15
produce /prəˈdjuːs/ v. 生产;制造(102)
过去式/过去分词:produced;现在分词:producing
product n. 产品;production n. 生产
produce sth.(生产某物)
1. This factory produces 10,000 cars every month.(这家工厂每月生产1万辆汽车。)2. Farmers produce fresh vegetables in this area.(农民在这个地区种植新鲜蔬菜。)
16
ton /tʌn/ n. 吨;大量;许多(102)
复数:tons
N/A
1. a ton of(大量的……)2. tons of(许多……)
1. This truck can carry 10 tons of goods.(这辆卡车能装10吨货物。)2. She has tons of homework to do tonight.(她今晚有很多作业要做。)
17
goods /ɡʊdz/ n. 商品;货品(102)
集体名词,无单数
N/A
1. daily goods(日用品)2. import/export goods(进/出口商品)
1. The shop sells a variety of daily goods.(这家商店出售各种日用品。)2. These goods will be sent to other cities tomorrow.(这些商品明天将被运往其他城市。)
18
product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品;结果(102)
复数:products
N/A
1. new products(新产品)2. quality products(优质产品)
1. The company launched a new product last week.(这家公司上周推出了一款新产品。)2. Hard work will bring good products.(努力工作会带来好结果。)
19
waste /weɪst/ n. 垃圾;浪费 v. 浪费(102)
动词过去式/过去分词:wasted;现在分词:wasting
N/A
1. waste time/money(浪费时间/金钱)2. reduce waste(减少浪费)
1. Don’t waste water when you wash your hands.(洗手时别浪费水。)2. We should sort waste to protect the environment.(我们应该垃圾分类以保护环境。)
20
affect /əˈfekt/ v. 影响;使感染(102)
过去式/过去分词:affected;现在分词:affecting
effect n. 影响
affect sth./sb.(影响某物/某人)
1. Bad weather affected the outdoor activity.(坏天气影响了这次户外活动。)2. The disease affected many people in the village.(这种疾病感染了村里的许多人。)
21
kill /kɪl/ v. 导致死亡;杀死;破坏(102)
过去式/过去分词:killed;现在分词:killing
killer n. 杀手;凶手
1. kill sb./sth.(杀死某人/某物)2. kill time(消磨时间)
1. Pollution kills a lot of marine animals every year.(污染每年导致许多海洋动物死亡。)2. She reads books to kill time on the bus.(她在公交车上看书消磨时间。)
22
pollute /pəˈluːt/ v. 污染;弄脏(102)
过去式/过去分词:polluted;现在分词:polluting
pollution n. 污染
pollute the air/water/land(污染空气/水/土地)
1. Factories must not pollute the river.(工厂不得污染这条河。)2. Burning rubbish will pollute the air.(焚烧垃圾会污染空气。)
23
suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v. 变差;遭受;受苦(102)
过去式/过去分词:suffered;现在分词:suffering
suffering n. 痛苦;苦难
suffer from(遭受……;患……病)
1. Many people suffered from hunger in the past.(过去许多人遭受饥饿之苦。)2. His eyesight has suffered because of too much screen time.(由于看屏幕时间过长,他的视力变差了。)
24
cheap /tʃiːp/ adj. 便宜的(102)
比较级:cheaper;最高级:cheapest;副词:cheaply
N/A
1. cheap goods(便宜的商品)2. at a cheap price(以便宜的价格)
1. The vegetables in this market are fresh and cheap.(这家市场的蔬菜新鲜又便宜。)2. She bought a new dress at a cheap price.(她以便宜的价格买了一条新裙子。)
25
option /ˈɒpʃn/ n. 选项;选择权(102)
复数:options
optional adj. 可选择的
1. have no option but to do sth.(除了做某事别无选择)2. different options(不同的选项)
1. We have two options for the weekend trip.(周末旅行我们有两个选择。)2. He had no option but to accept the job.(他除了接受这份工作别无选择。)
26
reusable /ˌriːˈjuːzəbl/ adj. 可再次使用的(102)
无比较级/最高级
reuse v. 再次使用;n. 再次使用
reusable bags/bottles(可重复使用的袋子/瓶子)
1. We should use reusable bags instead of plastic bags.(我们应该用环保袋代替塑料袋。)2. This reusable bottle can be used for a long time.(这个可重复使用的瓶子能用很久。)
27
properly /ˈprɒpəli/ adv. 恰当地;正确地(102)
无比较级/最高级
proper adj. 适当的;正确的
do sth. properly(正确地做某事)
1. You must wash your hands properly before eating.(吃饭前你必须正确洗手。)2. The machine will work well if you use it properly.(如果你正确使用,这台机器会运转良好。)
28
solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决办法;溶液(102)
复数:solutions
solve v. 解决
1. a solution to sth.(某事的解决办法)2. find a solution(找到解决办法)
1. We need to find a solution to the pollution problem.(我们需要找到污染问题的解决办法。)2. The teacher explained how to make a salt solution.(老师讲解了如何配制盐水溶液。)
29
impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 巨大影响 v. 有作用;冲击(102)
动词过去式/过去分词:impacted;现在分词:impacting
N/A
1. have an impact on(对……有影响)2. a big impact(巨大的影响)
1. Social media has a big impact on young people.(社交媒体对年轻人有巨大影响。)2. The new policy will impact our daily life.(这项新政策将对我们的日常生活产生影响。)
30
reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少;降低(102)
过去式/过去分词:reduced;现在分词:reducing
reduction n. 减少;降低
1. reduce sth.(减少某物)2. reduce pollution/costs(减少污染/成本)
1. We can reduce plastic use by bringing reusable bottles.(我们可以通过带环保瓶来减少塑料使用。)2. The company tried to reduce production costs.(这家公司努力降低生产成本。)
31
miracle /ˈmɪrəkl/ n. 奇迹(104)
复数:miracles
miraculous adj. 奇迹般的
N/A
1. It’s a miracle that he survived the accident.(他在事故中幸存下来,真是个奇迹。)2. The doctor said her recovery was a miracle.(医生说她的康复是个奇迹。)
32
hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ adv. 几乎不(104)
无比较级/最高级
N/A
1. hardly ever(几乎从不)2. hardly any(几乎没有)
1. He hardly ever eats fast food.(他几乎从不吃快餐。)2. There is hardly any water left in the bottle.(瓶子里几乎没有水了。)
33
government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n. 政府(104)
复数:governments
govern v. 统治;管理
N/A
1. The government is taking action to protect the environment.(政府正在采取行动保护环境。)2. This new law was made by the local government.(这项新法律是当地政府制定的。)
34
dead /ded/ adj. 死气沉沉的;无生命的(104)
比较级:deader;最高级:deadest
1. die v. 死亡2. death n. 死亡
1. be dead(是死的)2. dead fish(死鱼)
1. The tree has been dead for two years.(这棵树已经死了两年了。)2. We found many dead fish in the polluted river.(我们在污染的河里发现了许多死鱼。)
35
land /lænd/ n. 土地;陆地 v. 着陆(104)
动词过去式/过去分词:landed;现在分词:landing
1. landlord n. 房东2. landscape n. 风景
1. on land(在陆地上)2. land a plane(使飞机着陆)
1. Most people live on land, not in the ocean.(大多数人生活在陆地上,而不是海洋里。)2. The plane landed safely at the airport.(飞机安全降落在机场。)
36
forester /ˈfɒrɪstə(r)/ n. 林务员;护林人(104)
复数:foresters
forest n. 森林
N/A
1. Foresters work hard to protect the forest.(林务员努力保护森林。)2. The forester told us how to plant trees.(护林人告诉我们如何种树。)
37
beginning /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/ n. 开端;开头(104)
复数:beginnings
begin v. 开始
1. at the beginning of(在……的开头)2. in the beginning(起初)
1. There is a story at the beginning of the book.(这本书开头有一个故事。)2. In the beginning, I didn’t like English.(起初,我不喜欢英语。)
38
condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 条件;状况(104)
复数:conditions
conditional adj. 有条件的
1. living conditions(生活条件)2. on condition that(在……条件下)
1. The living conditions in this village have improved.(这个村子的生活条件已经改善了。)2. He agreed to help on condition that we pay him.(他同意帮忙,条件是我们给他报酬。)
39
harsh /hɑːʃ/ adj. 恶劣的;严酷的(104)
比较级:harsher;最高级:harshest
harshly adv. 严厉地;恶劣地
1. harsh weather(恶劣的天气)2. harsh rules(严格的规定)
1. The harsh winter made it hard for animals to find food.(恶劣的冬天使动物难以找到食物。)2. The teacher is not harsh to her students.(这位老师对学生不严厉。)
40
generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n. 一代;一辈(104)
复数:generations
generate v. 产生;生成
1. the younger generation(年轻一代)2. from generation to generation(一代又一代)
1. The younger generation cares more about environmental protection.(年轻一代更关注环境保护。)2. This tradition has been passed down from generation to generation.(这个传统一代又一代地传承下来。)
41
technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 技术;工艺(104)
复数:technologies
technological adj. 技术的
advanced technology(先进技术)
1. Modern technology has changed our life a lot.(现代技术极大地改变了我们的生活。)2. This company develops new technology for clean energy.(这家公司研发清洁能源新技术。)
42
survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 存活;幸存;艰难度过(104)
过去式/过去分词:survived;现在分词:surviving
survival n. 存活;幸存
survive sth.(从……中幸存)
1. Only a few people survived the big fire.(只有少数人从大火中幸存下来。)2. The plant can survive in dry conditions.(这种植物能在干旱条件下存活。)
43
century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪;百年(104)
复数:centuries
N/A
in the 21st century(在21世纪)
1. Many great inventions appeared in the 20th century.(20世纪出现了许多伟大的发明。)2. This building has a history of over a century.(这座建筑有超过一百年的历史。)
44
spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/ n. 精神;心灵(104)
复数:spirits(表示“情绪”时)
spiritual adj. 精神的;心灵的
1. team spirit(团队精神)2. in high spirits(情绪高涨)
1. We should learn the spirit of hard work.(我们应该学习勤奋工作的精神。)2. She was in high spirits because she passed the exam.(她因为通过了考试而情绪高涨。)
45
inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 鼓舞(104)
过去式/过去分词:inspired;现在分词:inspiring
inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞
inspire sb. to do sth.(鼓舞某人做某事)
1. His story inspired many people to help others.(他的故事鼓舞了许多人去帮助别人。)2. The beautiful scenery inspired her to write poems.(美丽的风景激发她写诗的灵感。)
46
complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. 完成;结束 adj. 完全的(104)
动词过去式/过去分词:completed;形容词比较级:more complete;最高级:most complete
completion n. 完成
1. complete sth.(完成某物)2. a complete success(彻底的成功)
1. He needs to complete his homework before dinner.(他需要在晚饭前完成作业。)2. This book gives a complete introduction to history.(这本书对历史做了全面的介绍。)
47
environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 自然环境的;生态环境的(104)
无比较级/最高级
environment n. 环境
environmental protection(环境保护)
1. We should pay more attention to environmental problems.(我们应该更关注环境问题。)2. This organization works on environmental protection.(这个组织致力于环境保护工作。)
48
scenery /ˈsiːnəri/ n. 风景;景色(104)
不可数名词,无复数
N/A
beautiful scenery(美丽的风景)
1. The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful.(山里的风景非常美丽。)2. We stopped to enjoy the scenery along the road.(我们停下来欣赏路边的风景。)
49
gas /ɡæs/ n. 天然气;气体(106)
复数:gases/gasses
gaseous adj. 气体的
1. natural gas(天然气)2. carbon dioxide gas(二氧化碳气体)
1. Many families use natural gas for cooking.(许多家庭用天然气做饭。)2. Plants need carbon dioxide gas to make food.(植物需要二氧化碳气体来制造养分。)
50
oil /ɔɪl/ n. 石油;原油;油(106)
不可数名词(表示“种类”时可加s)
oily adj. 油的;油腻的
1. crude oil(原油)2. cooking oil(食用油)
1. Most cars run on oil.(大多数汽车靠石油运行。)2. Please add some cooking oil to the pan.(请往锅里加些食用油。)
51
coal /kəʊl/ n. 煤(106)
不可数名词,无复数
N/A
burn coal(烧煤)
1. People used to burn coal to keep warm in winter.(过去人们冬天常烧煤取暖。)2. Burning coal will produce a lot of pollution.(烧煤会产生大量污染。)
52
planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 地球;行星(106)
复数:planets
N/A
1. planet Earth(地球)2. other planets(其他行星)
1. We must protect our planet Earth.(我们必须保护我们的地球。)2. Scientists are studying other planets in the solar system.(科学家正在研究太阳系中的其他行星。)
53
increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ n. & v. 增加;增长(106)
动词过去式/过去分词:increased;现在分词:increasing
increase n. 增加(同形)
1. increase by(增加了……)2. increase to(增加到……)
1. The number of students has increased by 20%.(学生人数增加了20%。)2. The temperature will increase to 25℃ tomorrow.(明天气温将上升到25℃。)
54
effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响;效果;结果 v. 引起;使发生(106)
名词复数:effects;动词过去式/过去分词:effected
effective adj. 有效的
1. have an effect on(对……有影响)2. take effect(生效)
1. The new policy has a good effect on the economy.(新政策对经济有良好影响。)2. The medicine will take effect in 30 minutes.(这种药将在30分钟后生效。)
55
serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严重的;严肃的(106)
比较级:more serious;最高级:most serious
seriously adv. 严重地;严肃地
1. a serious problem(严重的问题)2. be serious about(对……认真)
1. Air pollution is a serious problem in some cities.(在一些城市,空气污染是个严重的问题。)2. He is serious about his study.(他对学习很认真。)
56
pole /pəʊl/ n. (行星的)极;极端(106)
复数:poles
N/A
1. the North Pole(北极)2. the South Pole(南极)
1. Few animals can live at the North Pole.(很少有动物能在北极生存。)2. The ice at the South Pole is melting because of global warming.(由于全球变暖,南极的冰正在融化。)
57
melt /melt/ v. 融化;(使)熔化(106)
过去式/过去分词:melted;现在分词:melting
melting adj. 融化的
melt down(熔化;溶解)
1. The snow will melt when the sun comes out.(太阳出来时,雪会融化。)2. High temperature can melt metal.(高温能熔化金属。)
58
cause /kɔːz/ v. 造成;引起;导致 n. 原因;理由;事业(106)
动词过去式/过去分词:caused;现在分词:causing;名词复数:causes
N/A
1. cause sth.(引起某物)2. the cause of(……的原因)
1. Smoking can cause many diseases.(吸烟会引起许多疾病。)2. What is the cause of the accident?(这起事故的原因是什么?)
59
flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水;大量(106)
复数:floods;动词过去式/过去分词:flooded
flooding n. 洪水;泛滥
1. a big flood(大洪水)2. floods of(大量的……)
1. Many houses were destroyed by the flood last year.(去年许多房子被洪水摧毁了。)2. She received floods of messages after the party.(聚会后她收到了大量信息。)
60
storm /stɔːm/ n. 暴风雨(106)
复数:storms
stormy adj. 暴风雨的;激烈的
1. a heavy storm(强暴风雨)2. rainstorm(暴雨)
1. A heavy storm hit the city last night.(昨晚一场强暴风雨袭击了这座城市。)2. We stayed at home because of the storm.(因为暴风雨,我们待在了家里。)
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thankfully /ˈθæŋkfəli/ adv. 幸亏;感激地(106)
无比较级/最高级
1. thank v. 感谢2. thankful adj. 感激的
N/A
1. Thankfully, no one was hurt in the accident.(幸亏事故中没有人受伤。)2. She smiled thankfully at the person who helped her.(她感激地对帮助她的人微笑。)
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action /ˈækʃn/ n. 行动;行为(106)
复数:actions
act v. 行动;表演;n. 行为
1. take action(采取行动)2. in action(在行动中)
1. We must take action to protect wild animals.(我们必须采取行动保护野生动物。)2. The police were in action to catch the thief.(警方正在行动抓捕小偷。)
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device /dɪˈvaɪs/ n. 设备;仪器;方法(106)
复数:devices
N/A
1. electronic devices(电子设备)2. a new device(一种新设备)
1. We should turn off electronic devices when sleeping.(睡觉时我们应该关掉电子设备。)2. This new device can help people save energy.(这种新设备能帮助人们节约能源。)
64
address /əˈdres/ v. 设法解决;演讲 n. 地址;演讲(106)
动词过去式/过去分词:addressed;现在分词:addressing;名词复数:addresses
N/A
1. address a problem(解决问题)2. write down one’s address(写下某人的地址)
1. The government is trying to address the traffic problem.(政府正努力解决交通问题。)2. Please tell me your home address.(请告诉我你的家庭地址。)
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