内容正文:
沪教版 八上 UNIT 4 Inventions. 同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
balloon /bə'luːn/ n. 气球
复数:balloons
N/A
N/A
1. Children like to play with colorful balloons.(孩子们喜欢玩彩色气球。)2. She tied a balloon to her bag.(她把一个气球系在了包上。)
2
wheel /wiːl/ n. 轮;车轮
复数:wheels
N/A
N/A
1. These cars have four wheels each.(这些汽车每辆有四个轮子。)2. He changed the broken wheel of his bike.(他换了自行车上坏掉的轮子。)
3
central /'sentrəl/ adj. 在中心的
比较级:more central;最高级:most central
center(n. 中心;v. 集中)
N/A
1. The park is in the central part of the city.(这个公园在城市的中心区域。)2. This hotel has a central location near the station.(这家酒店地理位置优越,靠近车站。)
4
although /ɔːl'ðəʊ/ conj. 虽然;尽管;即使
N/A(连词无词形变化)
N/A
引导让步状语从句,不与but连用
1. Although it rained, we still went hiking.(尽管下了雨,我们还是去徒步了。)2. He passed the exam although he didn’t study hard.(虽然他没努力学习,但还是通过了考试。)
5
attach /ə'tætʃ/ v. 把……固定;把……附(在……上)
过去式:attached;过去分词:attached
attachment(n. 附件;依恋)
attach sth. to sth.(把某物固定/附在某物上)
1. Please attach this document to the email.(请把这份文件作为附件添加到邮件中。)2. She attached a photo to her letter.(她在信里附了一张照片。)
6
pull /pʊl/ v. 拉;拽;扯;拖
过去式:pulled;过去分词:pulled
N/A
1. pull sth.(拉某物)2. pull up(停下)
1. He pulled the door open and went out.(他拉开门走了出去。)2. The car pulled up at the traffic light.(汽车在红绿灯前停了下来。)
7
international /ˌɪntə'næʃnl/ adj. 国际的
比较级:more international;最高级:most international
1. nation(n. 国家;民族)2. national(adj. 国家的;民族的)
N/A
1. This is an international school with students from many countries.(这是一所国际学校,有来自多个国家的学生。)2. We attended an international meeting last week.(我们上周参加了一个国际会议。)
8
path /pɑːθ/ n. 小路;小径
复数:paths
N/A
N/A
1. We walked along the path through the forest.(我们沿着穿过森林的小路走。)2. There is a path leading to the lake.(有一条通往湖边的小路。)
9
technique /tek'niːk/ n. 技巧;技艺
复数:techniques
technical(adj. 技术的;专业的)
N/A
1. He improved his painting technique with practice.(通过练习,他提高了绘画技巧。)2. This cooking technique is easy to learn.(这种烹饪技巧很容易学。)
10
depend /dɪ'pend/ v. 需要;依靠
过去式:depended;过去分词:depended
1. dependent(adj. 依赖的;依靠的)2. dependence(n. 依赖;依靠)
depend on(依靠;依赖)
1. Children depend on their parents for food and clothes.(孩子们依靠父母提供衣食。)2. Our success depends on hard work.(我们的成功取决于努力工作。)
11
doubt /daʊt/ n. 疑惑;疑问
复数:doubts
doubtful(adj. 怀疑的;不确定的)
1. without doubt(毫无疑问)2. there is no doubt that...(毫无疑问……)
1. There is no doubt that he is a good student.(毫无疑问,他是个好学生。)2. She has some doubts about the plan.(她对这个计划有一些疑问。)
12
personally /'pɜːsənəli/ adv. 就个人意见
比较级:more personally;最高级:most personally
1. person(n. 人)2. personal(adj. 个人的;私人的)
N/A
1. Personally, I think this book is very interesting.(就我个人而言,我觉得这本书很有趣。)2. He personally invited me to the party.(他亲自邀请我去参加派对。)
13
*prediction /prɪ'dɪkʃn/ n. 预言;预测
复数:predictions
predict(v. 预言;预测)
N/A
1. His prediction about the weather came true.(他对天气的预测应验了。)2. We made a prediction about the team’s success.(我们对这支队伍的成功做了预测。)
14
statement /'steɪtmənt/ n. 说明
复数:statements
state(v. 陈述;说明;n. 状态;国家)
N/A
1. The company released a statement about the accident.(公司就这起事故发布了一份说明。)2. She made a clear statement about her plans.(她就自己的计划做了清晰的说明。)
15
benefit /'benɪfɪt/ n. 益处;优势
复数:benefits
beneficial(adj. 有益的;有利的)
benefit from(从……中受益)
1. We can get many benefits from reading.(我们可以从阅读中获得很多益处。)2. Regular exercise is of great benefit to health.(规律运动对健康大有好处。)
16
wing /wɪŋ/ n. (飞行器的)翅膀;机翼
复数:wings
N/A
N/A
1. The bird hurt its wing and couldn’t fly.(这只鸟伤了翅膀,不能飞了。)2. The plane’s left wing was damaged in the storm.(飞机的左翼在暴风雨中受损了。)
17
distance /'dɪstəns/ n. 距离
复数:distances
distant(adj. 遥远的;远处的)
1. in the distance(在远处)2. keep a distance from(与……保持距离)
1. We saw a village in the distance.(我们在远处看到了一个村庄。)2. The distance between the two cities is about 200 kilometers.(这两个城市之间的距离大约是200公里。)
18
petrol /'petrəl/ n. 汽油
不可数名词,无复数
N/A
N/A
1. We need to buy some petrol for the car.(我们需要给汽车加些汽油。)2. The price of petrol has gone up recently.(最近汽油价格上涨了。)
19
avoid /ə'vɔɪd/ v. 避免;防止
过去式:avoided;过去分词:avoided
avoidable(adj. 可避免的)
avoid doing sth.(避免做某事)
1. You should avoid eating too much sugar.(你应该避免吃太多糖。)2. We tried to avoid the heavy traffic.(我们努力避开拥堵的交通。)
20
anywhere /'eniweə(r)/ adv. 在(或去)任何地方
N/A(副词无初中阶段要求的词形变化)
N/A
用于否定句、疑问句和条件句,肯定句用somewhere
1. I can’t find my pen anywhere.(我到处都找不到我的钢笔。)2. Did you go anywhere interesting last weekend?(你上周末去什么有趣的地方了吗?)
21
notice /'nəʊtɪs/ v. 看(或听)到;注意到
过去式:noticed;过去分词:noticed
noticeable(adj. 明显的;易察觉的)
1. notice sb. do sth.(注意到某人做某事,全过程)2. notice sb. doing sth.(注意到某人正在做某事)
1. I noticed him leave the classroom.(我注意到他离开了教室。)2. She noticed a strange man standing at the door.(她注意到一个陌生男人站在门口。)
22
type /taɪp/ n. (印刷用的)活字
复数:types
typical(adj. 典型的;有代表性的)
N/A
1. This book uses a special type of font.(这本书使用了一种特殊的活字字体。)2. The printer needs new types for printing.(这台打印机需要新的活字来印刷。)
23
*mixture /'mɪkstʃə(r)/ n. 混合物
复数:mixtures
mix(v. 混合;n. 混合)
N/A
1. The drink is a mixture of juice and water.(这种饮料是果汁和水的混合物。)2. She made a mixture of flour and sugar.(她把面粉和糖混合在了一起。)
24
heat /hiːt/ v. 加热;变热
过去式:heated;过去分词:heated
hot(adj. 热的)
heat up(加热)
1. Please heat the milk before you drink it.(喝牛奶前请把它加热一下。)2. The sun heats the earth every day.(太阳每天都在给地球加热。)
25
press /pres/ v. (被)压
过去式:pressed;过去分词:pressed
pressure(n. 压力)
1. press sth.(压某物)2. press down(按下)
1. Press the button to start the machine.(按下按钮启动机器。)2. She pressed the clothes with an iron.(她用熨斗熨了衣服。)
26
metal /'metl/ n. 金属
复数:metals(表多种金属时)
metallic(adj. 金属的;含金属的)
N/A
1. This box is made of metal.(这个盒子是金属做的。)2. We need to melt the metal for the project.(我们需要把金属熔化来做这个项目。)
27
steam locomotive /stiːm ˌləʊkə'məʊtɪv/ n. 蒸汽机车
复数:steam locomotives
N/A
N/A
1. Steam locomotives were widely used in the past.(蒸汽机车在过去被广泛使用。)2. We saw an old steam locomotive in the museum.(我们在博物馆里看到了一台老式蒸汽机车。)
28
crewed spacecraft /kruːd ˈspeɪskræft/ n. 载人航天器
复数:crewed spacecraft(单复数同形)
N/A
N/A
1. China has successfully launched many crewed spacecraft.(中国已经成功发射了多艘载人航天器。)2. The crewed spacecraft will carry three astronauts.(这艘载人航天器将搭载三名宇航员。)
29
on foot /ɒn fʊt/ phr. 步行
N/A(短语无词形变化)
N/A
表出行方式,前面不加冠词
1. I usually go to school on foot.(我通常步行去上学。)2. They walked to the park on foot.(他们步行去了公园。)
30
a number of /ə ˈnʌmbə(r) ɒv/ phr. 几个;若干
N/A
N/A
后接可数名词复数,主语时谓语动词用复数(与the number of区分,后者接复数名词,谓语用单数)
1. A number of students are playing on the playground.(一些学生正在操场上玩。)2. We have a number of books about history.(我们有几本关于历史的书。)
31
take place /teɪk pleɪs/ phr. 发生;进行
N/A
N/A
无被动语态,主语多为事件、会议等
1. The sports meeting will take place next Friday.(运动会将于下周五举行。)2. A big accident took place on this road yesterday.(昨天这条路上发生了一起严重的事故。)
32
for instance /fɔː ˈɪnstəns/ phr. 例如;比如
N/A
N/A
用于举例,相当于for example
1. Some fruits, for instance, apples and bananas, are very healthy.(一些水果,比如苹果和香蕉,非常健康。)2. He likes sports, for instance, basketball and football.(他喜欢运动,比如篮球和足球。)
33
large amounts of /lɑːdʒ əˈmaʊnts ɒv/ phr. 大量
N/A
N/A
后接不可数名词,主语时谓语动词用复数
1. We need large amounts of water every day.(我们每天需要大量的水。)2. Large amounts of money were spent on this project.(大量资金被投入到这个项目中。)
34
international trade /ˌɪntə'næʃnl treɪd/ phr. 国际贸易
N/A
N/A
N/A
1. International trade helps countries develop economy.(国际贸易帮助各国发展经济。)2. His company does business in international trade.(他的公司做国际贸易业务。)
35
depend on /dɪˈpend ɒn/ phr. 依靠;依赖
N/A
N/A
后接名词、代词或动名词
1. You can depend on him to help you.(你可以依靠他来帮你。)2. The result depends on how hard we work.(结果取决于我们工作的努力程度。)
36
3D printer /ˌθriː diː ˈprɪntə(r)/ n. 3D 打印机
复数:3D printers
N/A
N/A
1. A 3D printer can make many useful things.(3D打印机可以制作很多有用的东西。)2. We bought a new 3D printer for the lab.(我们为实验室买了一台新的3D打印机。)
37
without doubt /wɪˈðaʊt daʊt/ phr. 毫无疑问
N/A
N/A
用于强调观点
1. Without doubt, she is the best student in our class.(毫无疑问,她是我们班最好的学生。)2. Without doubt, this is the most interesting film I’ve seen.(毫无疑问,这是我看过的最有趣的电影。)
38
of all time /ɒv ɔːl taɪm/ phr. 自古以来;有史以来
N/A
N/A
用于修饰最高级
1. He is one of the greatest scientists of all time.(他是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。)2. This song is the most popular of all time.(这首歌是有史以来最受欢迎的。)
39
make fun of /meɪk fʌn ɒv/ phr. 取笑;拿……开玩笑
N/A
N/A
后接名词或代词
1. It’s not polite to make fun of others.(取笑别人是不礼貌的。)2. No one should make fun of his accent.(没人应该拿他的口音开玩笑。)
40
traffic jam /ˈtræfɪk dʒæm/ n. 堵车;交通阻塞
复数:traffic jams
N/A
N/A
1. We were late because of the heavy traffic jam.(因为严重的交通阻塞,我们迟到了。)2. There is often a traffic jam here during rush hour.(高峰时段这里经常堵车。)
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