Unit 2 section A Grammar Focus 学案2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册

课题 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 课时 第一课时 Section A Grammar Focus 课型 Grammar learning 学习目标 1. 理解并运用 can/could 表达请求、许可、能力、建议与推测。 2. 辨析 could 表委婉请求与 can 表直接许可的语境差异。 3. 掌握否定推测 can’t/couldn’t 的用法。 4. 区分 could 表过去能力与 was/were able to 表具体成功。 5. 熟悉中考四大考点，提升应试能力。 学习流程 课前预习 引导学生自主初探 【自主预习词汇】 1. 复习情态动词 can/could 的基本用法。 2. 思考：在哪些场合你会用 Could you...? 而不是 Can you...? 3. 预习中考真题中与 can/could 相关的题目。 课中探究 师生互动，解决问题 【任务一】导入与情境练习（10分钟） 1. 看图填空：使用 can/could 完成对话。 2. 角色扮演：模拟家庭、学校、商店中的请求与许可场景。 【任务二】语法讲解与归纳（15分钟） 1. 请求与许可：________（非正式） vs. _________（正式） 回答一律用 ________ • —______ I go to the movies tonight?（今晚我可以去看电影吗？） —Sure, you ______.（当然可以。） • —______ I use your computer for a moment?（我可以借用下你的电脑吗？） —Sorry, I'm using it now. You ______.（抱歉，我现在正在用。你不行。） • —______ I have a word with you?（我可以和你说句话吗？） —Yes, you ______.（可以。） 2. 能力： •can：_______能力 •could：________能力（泛指） •was/were able to：__________ • When I grow up, I ______ speak three languages fluently.（我长大后能流利地说三种语言。） • When I was a child, I ______ ride a bike.（我小时候会骑自行车。） • He ______ finish the race despite his injury.（尽管受伤了，他还是成功地完成了比赛。） 3. could表示建议与可能性： • If you have trouble sleeping, you ______ try listening to soft music before bed.（如果你睡不好觉，你可以试试睡前听听轻音乐。）【表示___________】 • The weather forecast says it ______ rain later, so take an umbrella with you.（天气预报说晚些时候可能会下雨，所以带上一把伞。）【表示__________】 • You ______ ask your teacher for help if you are not sure about the answer. It ______ be difficult to figure it out by yourself.（如果你不确定答案，你可以向老师寻求帮助。你自己弄清楚可能会很困难。）【表示__________】 4.否定推测： • can’t：对____________的否定推测 •couldn’t：对_________的否定推测 • The phone is ringing, but it ______ be him. He is in another city.（电话在响，但不可能是他。他在另一个城市。） • She ______ have finished the project last night because she was very busy.（她昨晚不可能完成了项目，因为她非常忙。） 【任务三】中考考点精讲（10分钟） 考点1：Could you/I...? 表委婉请求，回答用 can/can’t 考点2：could 表过去能力 vs. was/were able to 表具体成功 1. The fire spread quickly, but everyone ______ escape. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 2. He practiced for months, and ______ win the competition. A. can B. could C. was able to D. might 3. When I was five, I ______ count to one hundred. A. am able to B. can C. could D. was able to 4. He tried hard, but ______ finish the work on time. A. couldn’t B. wasn’t able to C. was able to D. can’t 考点3：否定推测 can’t/couldn’t 的用法 1. The phone rang at midnight, but I ______ answer it because I was asleep. A. can’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 2. He knows nothing about the accident. It ______ be him. A. must B. can’t C. couldn’t D. might not 3. Mary ______ have taken your book — she was absent yesterday. A. must B. should C. couldn’t D. can’t 4. The door was locked. He ______ enter the room. A. can B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. might not 5. — Is that Mr. Smith speaking? — No, it ______ be him. He’s in London now. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t 考点4：could have done 表“本能够做却未做” 1. （2023 湖北模拟）John ______ the project on time, but he wasted too much time. A. can finish B. could finish C. could have finished D. must have finished 2. （2022 广东改编）—I missed the last bus home. —You ______ a ride with me! I had space in my car. A. could take B. could have taken C. should take D. must take 3. （2024 预测题）They ______ the game easily — they trained for months, but they got nervous. A. can win B. could win C. could have won D. must win 【任务四】练习与巩固（10分钟） 1. 完成选择题和填空题，巩固四大考点。参考PPT 1). — ______ I use your dictionary? — Yes, you ______. A. Can; could B. Could; can C. Could; could D. Can; can 2). He ______ swim when he was six, but now he forgets. A. can B. could C. is able to D. could have 3). Look! The window is broken. It ______ be the wind. A. must B. can’t C. couldn’t D. might 4). — Why didn’t you attend the party? — I ______, but I had to finish my project. A. can come B. could come C. could have come D. can have come 5). The math problem was hard, but she ______ solve it finally. A. can B. could C. was able to D. couldn’t 2. 小组讨论：分析真题，总结答题技巧。 【任务五】任务型活动：礼貌特工（5分钟） 1. 分组设计情景对话，使用 can/could 提出请求与许可。 2. 展示并互评，注重语言得体性与语境匹配度。 课后拓展 分层作业，延伸学习 • 语法练习：完成中考真题模拟题10道（选择题+填空题）。 • 情景写作：编写一段对话，包含至少3种 can/could 的用法。 • 实践任务：完成“礼貌特工”日志，记录3次真实场景中的请求与许可对话，并撰写反思。 自我评价 • 我能区分 can/could 在不同语境中的用法。 • 我能正确使用 could 提出委婉请求。 • 我能辨析 could 与 was/were able to 的差异。 • 我能理解并运用否定推测 can’t/couldn’t。 • 我能掌握中考四大考点，并能完成相关练习。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $