内容正文:
译林版 九下 Unit 2 Great people. 同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明者 (20)
名词复数:inventors
inventor(n. 发明者)→ invent(v. 发明)、invention(n. 发明物;创意)
an inventor 一位发明者
1. Edison is a great inventor.(爱迪生是一位伟大的发明者。)2. The inventor of the telephone is Bell.(电话的发明者是贝尔。)
2
invent /ɪnˈvent/ vt. 发明 (20)
动词过去式:invented;过去分词:invented
invent(v. 发明)→ inventor(n. 发明者)、invention(n. 发明物;创意)
invent sth. 发明某物
1. People invented the computer in the 20th century.(人们在20世纪发明了电脑。)2. He wants to invent a new kind of machine.(他想发明一种新机器。)
3
explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ n. 探险者;考察者 (21)
名词复数:explorers
explorer(n. 探险者;考察者)→ explore(v. 探索;考察)
an explorer 一位探险者/考察者
1. Columbus was a famous explorer.(哥伦布是一位著名的探险者。)2. The explorer went to the deep forest alone.(这位考察者独自去了深山森林。)
4
South African /ˌsaʊθ ˈæfrɪkən/ n. 南非人 (21)
名词复数:South Africans
N/A
a South African 一位南非人
1. He is a South African living in China.(他是一位住在中国的南非人。)2. Many South Africans like playing football.(很多南非人喜欢踢足球。)
5
fighter /ˈfaɪtə(r)/ n. 斗士,战斗者;战斗机 (21)
名词复数:fighters
fighter(n. 斗士;战斗机)→ fight(v. 战斗;打架;n. 战斗;打架)
1. a freedom fighter 一位自由斗士2. a fighter plane 战斗机
1. He is a brave fighter for justice.(他是一位勇敢的正义斗士。)2. The fighter flew quickly in the sky.(那架战斗机在空中快速飞行。)
6
invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明物;创意 (21)
名词复数:inventions
invention(n. 发明物;创意)→ invent(v. 发明)、inventor(n. 发明者)
1. an important invention 一项重要的发明物2. the invention of... ……的发明
1. The light bulb is a great invention.(电灯泡是一项伟大的发明物。)2. The invention of the Internet changed our life.(互联网的发明改变了我们的生活。)
7
Italian /ɪˈtæliən/ n. 意大利人 (21)
名词复数:Italians(首字母大写)
Italian(n. 意大利人)→ Italy(n. 意大利)
an Italian 一位意大利人
1. My pen pal is an Italian.(我的笔友是一位意大利人。)2. These Italians are visiting our school.(这些意大利人正在参观我们的学校。)
8
European /ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/ n. 欧洲人 (21)
名词复数:Europeans
European(n. 欧洲人)→ Europe(n. 欧洲)
a European 一位欧洲人(用a,因发音以辅音音素开头)
1. She married a European last year.(她去年嫁给了一位欧洲人。)2. Some Europeans like drinking coffee.(一些欧洲人喜欢喝咖啡。)
9
Russian /ˈrʌʃn/ n. 俄罗斯人 (21)
名词复数:Russians
Russian(n. 俄罗斯人)→ Russia(n. 俄罗斯)
a Russian 一位俄罗斯人
1. His teacher is a Russian.(他的老师是一位俄罗斯人。)2. These Russians can speak Chinese well.(这些俄罗斯人汉语说得很好。)
10
pilot /ˈpaɪlət/ n. 飞行员;飞行指挥 (22)
名词复数:pilots
N/A
1. a pilot 一位飞行员2. a flight pilot 一位飞行指挥
1. His dream is to be a pilot.(他的梦想是成为一名飞行员。)2. The pilot of the plane is very experienced.(这架飞机的飞行指挥经验很丰富。)
11
command /kəˈmɑːnd/ n. 指挥 (22)
名词复数:commands
command(n. 指挥)→ command(v. 命令;指挥)
1. have a command of 掌握2. under one's command 在某人的指挥下
1. He has a good command of English.(他精通英语。)2. The army is under his command.(这支军队由他指挥。)
12
licence /ˈlaɪsns/ n. <英>执照,许可证 <美>license (22)
名词复数:licences(英)/licenses(美)
licence(n. 执照)→ license(v. 许可;批准)
1. a driving licence 驾驶执照2. a business licence 营业执照
1. He got his driving licence last month.(他上个月拿到了驾驶执照。)2. You need a business licence to open a shop.(开商店需要营业执照。)
13
navy /ˈneɪvi/ n. 海军 (22)
名词复数:navies
navy(n. 海军)→ naval(adj. 海军的)
1. join the navy 加入海军2. the Royal Navy 皇家海军
1. His father joined the navy when he was young.(他父亲年轻时加入了海军。)2. The ship belongs to the navy.(这艘船属于海军。)
14
serve /sɜːv/ vi. & vt. 服役;服务,招待 (22)
动词过去式:served;过去分词:served
serve(v. 服役;服务)→ service(n. 服务;服役)
1. serve in the army 在军队服役2. serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物3. serve the people 为人民服务
1. He served in the army for three years.(他在军队服役了三年。)2. The waiter served us a cup of tea.(服务员给我们端来了一杯茶。)
15
test /test/ vt. 测试;检验 (22)
动词过去式:tested;过去分词:tested;名词复数(test作n.时):tests
test(v. 测试)→ test(n. 测试;检验)
1. test sth. 测试/检验某物2. have a test 进行测试3. a math test 数学测试
1. The teacher tested our English yesterday.(老师昨天测试了我们的英语。)2. They are testing the new machine.(他们正在检验这台新机器。)
16
aircraft /ˈeəkrɑːft/ n. [单复同]飞机,航空器 (22)
单复同:aircraft
N/A
1. an aircraft 一架飞机/航空器2. many aircraft 多架飞机/航空器
1. The aircraft took off on time.(这架飞机准时起飞了。)2. Several aircraft were sent to the area.(几架航空器被派往该地区。)
17
astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt/ n. 宇航员 (22)
名词复数:astronauts
N/A
an astronaut 一位宇航员
1. The astronaut walked in space.(这位宇航员在太空行走。)2. His son wants to be an astronaut when he grows up.(他儿子长大后想成为一名宇航员。)
18
spacecraft /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/ n. [单复同]宇宙飞船,航天器 (22)
单复同:spacecraft
N/A
1. a spacecraft 一艘宇宙飞船/航天器2. two spacecraft 两艘宇宙飞船/航天器
1. The spacecraft landed on the moon safely.(这艘宇宙飞船安全着陆在月球上。)2. Scientists are studying the new spacecraft.(科学家们正在研究这艘新的航天器。)
19
spin /spɪn/ vi. 快速旋转 (22)
动词过去式:spun;过去分词:spun
spin(v. 旋转)→ spin(n. 旋转)
1. spin around 旋转2. spin quickly 快速旋转
1. The top spun around on the table.(陀螺在桌子上旋转。)2. The wind made the windmill spin.(风使风车快速旋转。)
20
control /kənˈtrəʊl/ vt. 控制,支配 (22)
动词过去式:controlled;过去分词:controlled;名词复数(control作n.时):controls
control(v. 控制)→ controlled(adj. 受控制的)、control(n. 控制)
1. control sth. 控制某物2. out of control 失去控制3. in control of 掌管4. take control of 控制
1. She tried to control her anger.(她努力控制自己的愤怒。)2. The driver couldn't control the car.(司机无法控制那辆车。)
21
out of control 短语 失去控制,无法管理 (22)
N/A(短语无词形变化)
N/A
out of control 失去控制(反义词组:in control 处于控制中)
1. The car went out of control and hit a tree.(那辆车失去控制,撞到了树上。)2. The fire got out of control quickly.(火势很快失去了控制。)
22
order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ vt. 命令,指挥,要求 (22)
动词过去式:ordered;过去分词:ordered;名词复数(order作n.时):orders
order(v. 命令)→ order(n. 命令;订单;顺序)、ordered(adj. 有秩序的)
1. order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事2. order sth. 订购某物3. in order 有序地4. out of order 出故障
1. The officer ordered his men to stand at attention.(军官命令士兵立正。)2. She ordered a book online yesterday.(她昨天在网上订购了一本书。)
23
cut ... short 短语 缩短 (22)
N/A(短语无词形变化)
N/A
cut sth. short 缩短某物(如时间、讲话等)
1. We had to cut our holiday short because of the rain.(因为下雨,我们不得不缩短假期。)2. He cut his speech short to save time.(为了节省时间,他缩短了讲话。)
24
Pacific /pəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 太平洋的 (22)
N/A(专有形容词,无比较级/复数)
Pacific(adj. 太平洋的)→ the Pacific (Ocean)(n. 太平洋)
1. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋2. Pacific islands 太平洋岛屿
1. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.(太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。)2. They traveled across the Pacific Ocean by ship.(他们乘船横渡太平洋。)
25
ocean /ˈəʊʃn/ n. 海洋 (22)
名词复数:oceans
ocean(n. 海洋)→ oceanic(adj. 海洋的)
1. an ocean 一片海洋2. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋3. the Indian Ocean 印度洋
1. The river flows into the ocean.(这条河流入海洋。)2. There are five main oceans on Earth.(地球上有五大洋。)
26
land /lænd/ vt. & vi. (使)着陆,(使)降落 (23)
动词过去式:landed;过去分词:landed;名词复数(land作“国土”时):lands
land(v. 着陆)→ land(n. 陆地;土地)、landing(n. 着陆;降落)
1. land sth. 使某物着陆(如飞机)2. land on 着陆在……上3. by land 经陆路
1. The plane landed safely at the airport.(飞机安全降落在机场。)2. The pilot landed the helicopter on the roof.(飞行员将直升机降落在屋顶上。)
27
step /step/ n. 一步;v. 走,跨步 (23)
名词复数:steps;动词过去式:stepped;过去分词:stepped
step(n. 一步)→ step(v. 走,跨步)、stepping(n. 踏步)
1. take a step 迈出一步2. step by step 逐步地3. step on 踩在……上4. step forward 向前走
1. He took a step towards the door.(他朝门口迈出了一步。)2. She stepped carefully on the wet floor.(她小心翼翼地走在湿地板上。)
28
giant /ˈdʒaɪənt/ adj. 巨大的;伟大的 (23)
比较级:more giant(不常用);最高级:most giant(不常用)
giant(adj. 巨大的)→ giant(n. 巨人;伟人)
1. a giant tree 一棵大树2. a giant company 一家大公司3. a literary giant 一位文学巨匠
1. There is a giant stone in the park.(公园里有一块巨大的石头。)2. He is considered a giant in the field of science.(他被认为是科学领域的伟人。)
29
leap /liːp/ n. 跳跃;跃升 (23)
名词复数:leaps;动词过去式:leapt/leaped;过去分词:leapt/leaped
leap(n. 跳跃)→ leap(v. 跳跃)、leaping(adj. 跳跃的)
1. a big leap 一大步跳跃2. a leap forward 向前跳跃/跃升3. leap over 跳过
1. The cat made a leap onto the table.(猫一跃跳上了桌子。)2. Technology has made a great leap in recent years.(近年来科技有了巨大的跃升。)
30
mankind /ˌmænˈkaɪnd/ n. 人类 (23)
N/A(不可数名词,无复数)
N/A
1. mankind 人类(集合名词,常作单数)2. the future of mankind 人类的未来
1. Science has brought great benefits to mankind.(科学为人类带来了巨大的益处。)2. Mankind has been fighting against diseases for centuries.(人类几个世纪以来一直在与疾病作斗争。)
31
surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ n. 表面;表层 (23)
名词复数:surfaces
surface(n. 表面)→ surface(v. 浮出水面;显露)
1. the surface of... ……的表面2. on the surface 在表面上3. below the surface 在表面下
1. The surface of the lake is very calm.(湖面非常平静。)2. We need to clean the surface of the desk.(我们需要清洁书桌表面。)
32
further /ˈfɜːðə(r)/ adj. 更多的,更进一步的 (23)
比较级:further(本身是far的比较级);最高级:furthest
further(adj. 更多的)→ further(adv. 进一步地;更远地)
1. further information 更多信息2. further study 进一步学习3. go further 走得更远
1. Can you give me further information about the project?(你能给我更多关于这个项目的信息吗?)2. We need to do further research on this problem.(我们需要对这个问题进行更进一步的研究。)
33
citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/ n. 公民;市民 (23)
名词复数:citizens
citizen(n. 公民)→ citizenship(n. 公民身份;国籍)
1. a citizen of... ……的公民/市民2. a good citizen 一位好公民
1. He is a citizen of China.(他是中国公民。)2. Every citizen should follow the law.(每个公民都应该遵守法律。)
34
pride /praɪd/ n. 骄傲;可引以为豪的人(或物) (23)
N/A(不可数名词,无复数;表“一群狮子”时复数prides,初中不常考)
pride(n. 骄傲)→ proud(adj. 自豪的;骄傲的)
1. take pride in 为……感到自豪2. with pride 自豪地3. the pride of... ……的骄傲
1. Parents take pride in their children's success.(父母为孩子的成功感到自豪。)2. She is the pride of her family.(她是家人的骄傲。)
35
passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/ n. 章节,乐段 (27)
名词复数:passages
N/A
1. a passage from a book 书中的一个章节2. a music passage 一个乐段3. read a passage 读一个章节
1. The teacher asked us to translate this passage.(老师让我们翻译这个章节。)2. This passage of the song is very beautiful.(这首歌的这个乐段非常优美。)
36
by hand 短语 手工 (28)
N/A(短语无词形变化)
N/A
1. by hand 手工(反义词组:by machine 机器制作)2. make sth. by hand 手工制作某物
1. This bag is made by hand.(这个包是手工制作的。)2. She sewed the dress by hand.(她手工缝制了这条连衣裙。)
37
mathematics /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/ n. (= maths) 数学 (29)
N/A(不可数名词,无复数)
mathematics(n. 数学)→ mathematical(adj. 数学的)、mathematician(n. 数学家)
1. mathematics = maths 数学2. study mathematics 学习数学3. a mathematics class 数学课
1. He is good at mathematics.(他擅长数学。)2. We have a mathematics test tomorrow.(我们明天有一场数学测试。)
38
scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ n. 科学家 (29)
名词复数:scientists
scientist(n. 科学家)→ science(n. 科学)、scientific(adj. 科学的)
1. a scientist 一位科学家2. a famous scientist 一位著名的科学家
1. Marie Curie was a great scientist.(玛丽·居里是一位伟大的科学家。)2. The scientist is doing an experiment in the lab.(这位科学家正在实验室做实验。)
39
radium /ˈreɪdiəm/ n. 镭 (29)
N/A(不可数名词,化学元素名,无复数)
N/A
1. radium 镭(化学元素,符号Ra)2. discover radium 发现镭
1. Marie Curie discovered radium and polonium.(玛丽·居里发现了镭和钋。)2. Radium is a radioactive element.(镭是一种放射性元素。)
40
laboratory /ləˈbɒrətri/ n. (= lab) 实验室 (29)
名词复数:laboratories/labs
N/A
1. a laboratory = a lab 实验室2. in the laboratory 在实验室里3. a chemistry laboratory 化学实验室
1. The students do experiments in the laboratory.(学生们在实验室做实验。)2. She works in a medical laboratory.(她在一家医学实验室工作。)
41
professor /prəˈfesə(r)/ n. 教授 (29)
名词复数:professors
professor(n. 教授)→ professorial(adj. 教授的)
1. a professor 一位教授2. Professor + 姓氏 某教授(首字母大写)
1. Professor Wang teaches physics at the university.(王教授在这所大学教物理。)2. The young man wants to be a professor.(这个年轻人想成为一名教授。)
42
discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现;发现物 (29)
名词复数:discoveries
discovery(n. 发现)→ discover(v. 发现)、discoverer(n. 发现者)
1. a great discovery 一项重大的发现2. the discovery of... ……的发现
1. The discovery of penicillin saved millions of lives.(青霉素的发现拯救了数百万人的生命。)2. This is an important discovery in history.(这是历史上一项重要的发现。)
43
unknown /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. 未知的;不出名的 (30)
比较级:more unknown;最高级:most unknown;名词复数(unknown作n.时):unknowns
unknown(adj. 未知的)→ known(adj. 已知的,反义词)、unknown(n. 未知的事物)
1. the unknown 未知的事物2. unknown places 未知的地方3. be unknown to sb. 不为某人所知
1. There are still many unknown things in the universe.(宇宙中还有很多未知的事物。)2. He was unknown to most people before the competition.(比赛前,他不为大多数人所知。)
44
widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地,普遍地 (30)
比较级:more widely;最高级:most widely
widely(adv. 广泛地)→ wide(adj. 宽的;广泛的;adv. 宽阔地)
1. be widely used 被广泛使用2. be widely known 被普遍知晓3. spread widely 广泛传播
1. English is widely used in the world.(英语在世界上被广泛使用。)2. This story is widely known among children.(这个故事在孩子们中被普遍知晓。)
45
hybrid /ˈhaɪbrɪd/ adj. 杂交的 (32)
比较级:more hybrid(不常用);最高级:most hybrid(不常用);名词复数(hybrid作n.时):hybrids
hybrid(adj. 杂交的)→ hybrid(n. 杂交种)
1. hybrid rice 杂交水稻2. a hybrid plant 一种杂交植物
1. Yuan Longping developed hybrid rice.(袁隆平培育了杂交水稻。)2. This farm grows many hybrid vegetables.(这个农场种植了很多杂交蔬菜。)
46
title /ˈtaɪtl/ n. 标题;职位名称 (32)
名词复数:titles
N/A
1. the title of... ……的标题2. a job title 职位名称3. win the title 赢得冠军头衔
1. What is the title of this book?(这本书的标题是什么?)2. His official title is manager.(他的正式职位名称是经理。)
47
agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 农业 (32)
N/A(不可数名词,无复数)
agriculture(n. 农业)→ agricultural(adj. 农业的)、agriculturist(n. 农学家)
1. agriculture 农业2. develop agriculture 发展农业3. agricultural products 农产品
1. China has a long history of agriculture.(中国有着悠久的农业历史。)2. The government is trying to improve agriculture.(政府正努力发展农业。)
48
hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/ n. 饥饿 (32)
名词N/A(不可数);动词过去式:hungered;过去分词:hungered
hunger(n. 饥饿)→ hungry(adj. 饥饿的)
1. die of hunger 死于饥饿2. hunger for 渴望……3. satisfy one's hunger 缓解饥饿
1. Many people in poor areas suffer from hunger.(贫困地区的很多人遭受饥饿之苦。)2. The little boy is hungry for knowledge.(这个小男孩渴望知识。)
49
happen /ˈhæpən/ vi. 碰巧;发生 (32)
动词过去式:happened;过去分词:happened
happen(v. 碰巧)→ happening(n. 事件;发生的事)
1. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事2. sth. happens to sb. 某人发生某事3. it happens that... 碰巧……
1. I happened to meet my old friend on the street.(我碰巧在街上遇到了我的老朋友。)2. What happened to you yesterday?(你昨天发生了什么事?)
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advantage /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n. 优势,有利条件 (32)
名词复数:advantages
advantage(n. 优势)→ advantageous(adj. 有利的)
1. have an advantage over 比……有优势2. take advantage of 利用3. the advantage of... ……的优势
1. Our team has an advantage over theirs.(我们队比他们队有优势。)2. We should take advantage of every chance to learn.(我们应该利用每一个学习的机会。)
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at present 短语 现在,目前 (32)
N/A(短语无词形变化)
N/A
at present 现在,目前(同义短语:now, currently;常用一般现在时/现在进行时)
1. At present, he is working in Beijing.(现在,他正在北京工作。)2. We don't have enough money at present.(目前我们没有足够的钱。)
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contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献 (32)
名词复数:contributions
contribution(n. 贡献)→ contribute(v. 贡献;捐献)
make a contribution to (doing) sth. 为(做)某事做贡献
1. Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment.(每个人都应该为保护环境做贡献。)2. His contribution to science is very important.(他对科学的贡献非常重要。)
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increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ vt. 增加 (32)
动词过去式:increased;过去分词:increased;名词复数(increase作n.时,/ˈɪŋkriːs/):increases
increase(v. 增加)→ increase(n. 增加)、increasing(adj. 不断增加的)
1. increase sth. 增加某物2. increase by 增加了……3. increase to 增加到……
1. We need to increase production.(我们需要增加产量。)2. The population of the city has increased by 10%.(这个城市的人口增加了10%。)
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production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 生产;产量 (32)
名词复数(表“产品/作品”时):productions;表“生产/产量”时不可数
production(n. 生产)→ produce(v. 生产;制造;n. 农产品)、product(n. 产品)
1. the production of... ……的生产2. increase production 增加产量3. mass production 大规模生产
1. The production of cars has increased this year.(今年汽车的生产量增加了。)2. This factory is famous for its high production.(这家工厂以高产量闻名。)
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development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展 (32)
名词复数(表“新发展/进展”时):developments;表“发展”时不可数
development(n. 发展)→ develop(v. 发展;开发)、developed(adj. 发达的)、developing(adj. 发展中的)
1. the development of... ……的发展2. economic development 经济发展3. developing countries 发展中国家4. developed countries 发达国家
1. The development of technology has changed our life.(科技的发展改变了我们的生活。)2. China is a developing country.(中国是一个发展中国家。)
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