专题03 阅读理解 （说明文）（期中真题分类汇编，河南专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南驻马店经开区·期中） Human-like skin grown in a lab has been successfully given to a burns patient. The artificial tissue (人造组织) was grown from the man’s own skin cells, which was described as one of the biggest breakthroughs in burns care. The bioengineered skin aims to replace traditional skin transplants, in which burned, damaged skin is replaced with normal, healthy skin cut from another part of the patient’s body. This new method could help to better protect patients from deadly infections (感染), without the usual pain. The bioengineered skin is grown under lab conditions using a sample (样本) of cells taken from the patient. Once it has grown to a sheet of skin, it is stuck to the burnt tissue of the patient. Patients with burns over most of their body had very little healthy skin to use for transplanting, which meant they had to stay in hospital for months and risked higher rates of infection while using the same donor site for transplanting over and over again. In comparison, the artificial skin takes four weeks to grow into sheets 100 times the size of the skin taken from the patient. This is the amount of time needed to prepare a burn for treatment. Associate Professor Heather Cleland said the tissue had the ability to not only treat patients better, but also save those who would die. Former patient Kate Sanderson, 49, who had burnt to 60 percent of her body in2011, said she was elated for the team for, with the new method, burns patients will suffer less and recover soon in the future. She said her recovery took a long time because doctors could only take limited amounts of skin for transplanting. 1. What is one of the advantages of the new method? A. It’s really cheap. B. It’s unique in the world. C. It causes little pain. D. It has no side effects. 2. What is Heather Cleland’s attitude towards the new method? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 3. What does the underlined word “elated” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Enough. B. Worried. C. Tired. D. Overjoyed. 4. Where is the text most likely from? A. A medical magazine. B. A first-aid guide. C. A science fiction. D. A textbook. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南鹿邑·期中） The Wampanoag language was not dead. To call it dead would be an insult to the ancestors who left it for future generations as a way to communicate-and a way to teach. But it was “unspoken” until linguist Jessie “Little Doe” Baird brought it back. Her project’s Wampanoag dictionary holds more than 11,000 entries. Words on paper are not a language. A language lives through the people who speak it. So Baird founded the Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project. She teaches community classes and family camps. Kids in grade school and high school have the opportunity to learn the language. The Wampanoags have lived for 12,000 years in Massachusetts and parts of Rhode Island. When the Pilgrims (清教徒) met the first Indigenous people, those were the Wampanoags. The English settlers brought disease that killed thousands-an estimated two-thirds of the Wampanoag Nation died-as well as war and rules that fragmented (分裂) the tribes. There once were 69 tribes in the nation; now there are three. Baird is a citizen of the Mashpee tribe. Her ancestors left a key to their language. They translated the King James Bible into Wampanoag. They left hundreds of documents in their written alphabet (字母表). Baird describes a vision she had where her ancestors helped her see it was time to bring the language home. She began her research, which led her to a graduate degree at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she learned from and worked with other linguists. In 2010, she was named a MacArthur Foundation Fellow, earning a “genius grant” to further her work. “It’s incredibly difficult to reclaim a language, even more so when there are no speakers alive, and even more so when you’re driving 90 minutes a day, each way, to attend graduate school, with four small children at home.” “I might have been afraid to do the work had I known that,” Baird says with a laugh now. “But I didn’t, and so here we are.” 1. What is the situation of the Wampanoag language? A. It has entirely gone by now. B. It is being brought back to life. C. It is a compulsory course in schools. D. It has got well-recognized in the USA. 2. What may contribute to the downfall of Wampanoag? A. The wide use of English in the new land. B. The religious change of the Wampanoags. C. The sharp reduced population of Wampanoag. D. The shortage of reference books on the language. 3. What’s the key element of saving the Wampanoag language? A. The local linguists lend a timely hand. B. Children are asked to learn the language. C. The government gives the financial support. D. The materials ancestors left lay the foundation. 4. Which of the following words can best describe Jessie Baird? A. Determined and responsible B. Considerate and ambitious C. Intelligent and kind-hearted D. Independent and adaptable Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南周口恒大·期中） Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula broke their record for most visitors in a year back in 2019, with over 3.2 million visitors. Recently, Mexico’s first long-distance hiking and cycling trail has been completed here, which will attract tourists from all over the world once more. The tourist attraction and trail, which goes through local cultural relics, will give visitors a wonderful glimpse into the incredible history to Maya’s history. Considering that most tourists travel to Mexico, particularly Cancun, with the 5-star hotels and perfect beaches, getting them to visit the other history-filled areas isn’t always so easy, unless they happen to be history lovers. But with the newly constructed Camino del Mayab, tourists can experience the rich Mayan culture, history, food, and civilization. The trail is a 68-mile journey that hopes to aid in bettering the lives of the 14 communities of Mayan descendants that live along the trail. The journey can take three days to cycle or five days to walk. Those on the journey will begin in the town of Merida, and then head to many abandoned haciendas, which remind you of Mayan labor. Along the trail, visitors can purchase handicrafts and taste the delicious food of the Yucatan and the Maya from local stores and restaurants. All throughout the trail is also a jungle where various birds and other types of animals are found. The trail ends at the very top of the pyramid of Kulkulkan at Mayapin. The Yucatan civilization collapsed during the 9 century and its people became slaves in the 15th century. Yet, the locals worked to keep their ancestral homes, animals, cities, foods and cultural work for themselves, rather than being overrun by large hotel companies. In this way, the Yucatan civilization managed to remain strong in the region. And whether you’re a lover of Mexico or not, or possibly one that enjoys these types of camino walks, the Camino del Mayab is definitely worth the time. 1. What is Camino del Mayab? A. A perfect beach. B. A historical site. C. A newly constructed hotel. D. A hiking and cycling trail. 2. What is the main purpose of the Camino del Mayab? A. To help improve the lives of locals. B. To further protect tropical animals. C. To attract tourists to Mexico’s beaches. D. To promote local goods and handicrafts. 3. How did the people in Yucatan keep their civilization strong? A. By engaging in regional trade. B. By sticking to their way of life. C. By relying on natural resources. D. By working with large companies. 4. What is the author’s purpose to write this text? A. To introduce a new attraction. B. To bring in tourism investment. C. To inform a newly-discovered site. D. To advocate donations to the locals. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南郑州一中·期中） Like most nerds (电脑迷) who read science fiction, I’ve kept wondering how society will greet true artificial intelligence, if and when it arrives. Will we panic? Ignore it and go about our daily lives? Therefore, it’s been fascinating to go online to try to make sense of ChatGPT, a new cutting-edge A. I. chatbot (聊天机器人) opened for testing at the end of 2022. In five days, more than a million people signed up to test it. In recent years, though a few A. I. tools have gotten good at doing narrow and well-defined tasks, like writing marketing copy, they still tend to be weak when taken outside their comfort zones. But ChatGPT feels different. It is smarter and more flexible. It can write jokes and college-level essays. It can also guess at medical diagnoses, and even seems good at answering the types of open-ended analytical questions which frequently appear on school assignments. The technology that powers ChatGPT isn’t, strictly speaking, new. It’s based on what the company calls“GPT-3.5”, an upgraded version of GPT-3 in 2020. While the existence of a highly capable linguistic superbrain might be old news to A. I. researchers, it’s the first time such a powerful tool has been made available to the general public through a free, easy-to-use web interface. Unlike Google, ChatGPT doesn’t explore the Internet for information on current events, and its knowledge is restricted to things it learned before 2021. Since ChatGPT training data includes billions of examples of human opinion, representing every reasonable view, it’s also, in some sense, moderate by design. Without specific instructions, for example, it’s hard to coax (诱导) a strong opinion out of ChatGPT about political debates. Usually, you’ll get a fair summary of what each side believes. 1. How did the public respond to ChatGPT at first? A. People worried about this new technology. B. Many people found it hard to understand ChatGPT. C. A number of people couldn’t wait to register for a try. D. Millions of people were ignorant of this new A. I. chatbot. 2. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A. Homework might not be a problem for ChatGPT users. B. ChatGPT is a typical A. I. tool used for specified tasks. C. ChatGPT helps doctors with serious medical diagnoses. D. A. I. apps can’t provide perfect answers to analytical questions. 3. In which aspect is ChatGPT different from the GPT-3? A. Linguistic researchers speak highly of it. B. People can use it free of charge. C. It is welcomed by A. I. researchers with enthusiasm. D. It is the first powerful tool open to the general public. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A. The future of ChatGPT. B. The brilliance of ChatGPT. C. The development of ChatGPT. D. The arguments about ChatGPT. Passage 5 （24-25高一上·河南商开联考·期中） If you happen to be in Hollywood and see a car go by with no driver at the wheel, don’t be afraid. After more than a year of testing, around 50 driverless robot axis are debuting (亮相) to the public across Los Angeles on Thursday. The autonomous vehicles (自动驾驶车辆) are run by Waymo, which is owned by Google’s parent company Alphabet. Waymo started giving driverless rides to passengers in San Francisco last year and also operates them in Phoenix. At first, the rides will be free and open to people who’ve signed up on Waymo’s waitlist, which the company says has 50,000 people. In the coming weeks, Waymo will change to a paid service. The company’s service covers 63 square miles in Los Angeles, from Santa Monica to downtown. In the beginning, self-driving cars in San Francisco got into trouble with mistakes and controversy. Both Waymo and its competitor Cruse, which is owned by GM, were complained about running red lights, and blocking public buses. Cruise was involved in (涉及) an accident that left a walker seriously injured in October — causing the company to lose its operating right in San Francisco. Unions and labor leaders say they’ re concerned that the robotaxis will take away jobs and also be a danger to workers who drive emergency vehicles. “Autonomous vehicles like the ones that Waymo wants to introduce to our communities have been causing troubles wherever they go,” said Yvonne Wheeler, president of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor. “It’s clear that this technology has not been well prepared for its use on our roads and in our cities.” Despite those disagreements, autonomous driving is now a real-world way of getting around for tens of thousands of people each week. Waymo is setting its sights on its next robotaxi debut later this year. 1. What does the underlined word “controversy” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Trust. B. Cost. C. Appearance. D. Disagreement. 2. Why did Cruise stop operating self-driving cars in San Francisco? A. It caused a serious accident. B. It was short of money. C. Its leader changed his mind. D. It took away workers’ jobs. 3. What is Yvonne Wheeler’s attitude towards self-driving cars? A. Admiring. B. Uncaring. C. Unsupportive. D. Unclear. 4. In which part of a website can we find this text? A. History. B. Technology. C. Health. D. Education. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南郑州宇华·期中） As birth order (出生顺序) is clearly one of the many reasons that affect development, we should pay much attention to it. Big brothers and sisters usually develop leadership early in life, mainly because of the responsibilities for younger children given to them by their parents. The danger is that if the older child takes that role to an extreme (极限), he or she can become an overbearing person who won’t listen to others because they think they are the leaders. Studies of nearly 300 people have found that a person’s first child is usually the most strongly motivated towards achievement. This is mainly the result of parental expectations. Research also suggests that firstborn children generally become more conservative than other children because they receive most of the parental orders and rules. Used to caring for others, they are more likely to move towards such leadership professions as teaching and politics. Less social and flexible because they become accustomed in the very early years to acting alone, they may have difficulty making close friends. By contrast, the researchers say later children are more likely to be more relaxed and sociable than the eldest child because their parents are more relaxed. However, later children are often less ambitious and may be uncomfortable making decisions for others, and will seek work that fits their needs. This may help explain why younger children are easy to like jobs such as music, art, and writing. Later children may be good sellers because persuasion (劝说) may have been the only tool they had to deal with older children. Younger children tend to remain forever “the baby” enjoyable to be around, but at times too dependent on others. 1. What does the underlined word “overbearing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Trying to make other people obey without considering their ideas or feelings. B. Being unable to express what one really feels or like to listen to follow others’ ideas. C. liking depending on others and think others are right. D. Changing easily to adapt to new needs, conditions or ideas. 2. What might a younger child want to be according to the passage? A. A librarian. B. A doctor. C. A writer. D. A teacher. 3. Why may later children become good sellers? A. They feel uneasy when making decisions for other people. B. They are very good at persuading others. C. They have great wish to develop leadership. D. They are good at selling books and enjoying freedom. 4. What’s the best title for this passage? A. Which Is Better: Being the Eldest or the Youngest? B. Birth Order and Marriage C. The Relation Between Birth Order and Job Success D. Effects of Birth Order on One’s Personality Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南郑州十校·期中） Have you ever played a computer game for a long time and then kept seeing the game’s images afterward? This happened to me with the classic shape-falling game Tetris (俄罗斯方块), created in 1985 by Alexey Pajitnov. Feeling stressed one evening, I turned on my switch to find a game to play and relax with. That’s when I discovered Tetris. Before I knew it, I was extremely interested. Even when I stopped, my brain was still playing, with the blocks falling in my mind. I started looking at objects in the real world and thinking about how they could be moved and stacked (堆叠) together. I even dreamed about Tetris. I was experiencing the common “Tetris effect”. Introduced by journalist Jeffrey Goldsmith in his 1994 Wired magazine article called This Is Your Brain on Tetris, the effect has been observed by psychologists (心理学家) and researchers. The lasting images of Tetris are due to the “Zeigarnik effect”, in which people have better memories of uncompleted tasks than those of completed ones. Tetris, being a game that technically never ends, keeps you thinking of the game’s unfinished task, reported Tech Times. And the pleasant music stays with you, too. There are also positives to the Tetris Effect. In his 1991 study, psychologist Richard Haier at the University of California found that continuously playing Tetris resulted in the thickness of the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) increasing, which improves brain function (功能), reported psychology website Practical Pie. Tetris has also been researched for use as a treatment for mental suffering. The Yale Scientific Magazine reported that researchers at John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, UK, found that playing Tetris appeared to reduce unpleasant memories in the short term for people affected by motor vehicle accidents. So, the next time you want to play a computer game, why not try the classic Tetris and see if it improves your brain function? But be warned, you’ll likely be seeing falling blocks everywhere. 1. What happened to the author after playing the game Tetris? A. He was relaxed completely. B. He was addicted to it ever since. C. He saw some falling blocks everywhere. D. He kept thinking about it even after it was over. 2. What can be learned about the “Tetris Effect” from the text? A. It was introduced by a researcher. B. It was caused by the game’s music. C. It is related to the way our memory works. D. It is common among computer game players. 3. What benefit can people get from continuously playing Tetris, according to Haier? A. Better brain function. B. Improving happiness. C. Reducing short memory. D. Comfort from bad experiences. 4. What do you think of the author in the last paragraph? A. Serious. B. Humorous. C. Worried. D. Surprised. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南新未来·期中） Being able to run 26. 2 miles means you’ re in good health, right? Not exactly. We’ve already found some of the benefits (好处) of long-distance running, but now we’ll see the darker side of the marathon. Marathoners who die in training or on the race course usually make headlines because these tragedies seem so unusual — who could be in better health and less likely to die than a runner? At the age of 52, Jim Fixx, a celebrated runner, died in 1984. In this condition, the arteries (动脉) walls become thickened, causing less blood to flow through them. In 2007, 28-year-old Ryan Shay died while competing in the U. S. Olympic marathon trials. His death was caused by an irregular (不规则的) heartbeat. It’s obvious that running affects the heart, but did you know running can increase the size of the heart? Hearts can become bigger when an athlete is doing physical training. The body supply the increased amount of blood needed by increasing the size of the organ. After that the hearts can lead to irregular heartbeat, which can lead to heart failure. Some marathoners think their fitness level absolves them from health problems. This simply isn’t the case. Medical examinations can find the risk factors that kill and injure runners. There are ways to reduce your risk factors. Don’t think you can eat or drink whatever you want because running will burn off the calories — diets rich in fat can lead to heart problems. In addition to these life-threatening aspects of the sport, there are other sports injuries to be aware of. Most of these are overuse or over-training injuries that can be prevented by resting properly. While you should approach the sport with caution (谨慎) , you should also have fun running. 1. Why were the examples of Jim Fixx and Ryan Sha y given? A. To show the possible danger of the marathon. B. To take pity on their death. C. To tell the importance of regular exercise. D. To call on people not to exercise by themselves. 2. How does the heart manage to provide the increased need of blood? A. By beating faster. B. By enlarging itself. C. By beating more heavily. D. By working with other body parts. 3. What does the underlined word “absolves” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Shapes. B. Separates. C. Frees. D. Advises. 4. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A. Having a rest after injuries. B. Paying more attention to other injuries. C. Stopping running completely. D. Being careful and having fun running. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南洛阳·期中） Different cultures have various festivals, but the joy and eagerness are the same. For us adults, celebrations are a way of taking a break from heavy work, re-live past memories, and keeping traditions alive, but what about children? Well, for our kids, this is the perfect time to learn and enrich their líves with knowledge. At festivals, I remember, I introduced the value and importance of personal connections and cultural treasure to my kids while they were having fun. Child experts strongly suggest that parents tell their kids various rituals (仪式) of the festivals and have them join in celebratory activities. I think every festival has a rich backstory, and every story has plenty of lessons and values to teach. Besides, historical and geographical background connected with festivals give reasons why we celebrate festivals with specific rituals. Kids need to have a deep-rooted understanding of the identity (身份) of their culture and traditions. Because this not only helps in developing a positive sense of identity but also pushes kids to connect with their cultures through rituals, native decorations, food, etc., to keep continuity over generations. Thus, parents should make kids a central part of all festivals. It is no secret that gifts bring joy and excitement to children. Every time I give gifts to my kids, I find the gifts excite their senses and make them feel valued. I must make my kids believe that their families care about their interests and desires. Thus, gifting is a meaningful way to express feelings to kids. What’s more, the act of giving and receiving gifts helps develop feelings of care and kindness. 1. What do festivals mean for children? A. A perfect time to have a rest. B. A chance to increase knowledge. C. A memory of their old days. D. An effort to protect traditions. 2. Why should kids be “a central part of all festivals”? A. They enjoy festival backstories. B. They love history and geography. C. They must know who they are. D. They can bring much happiness. 3. Who are the intended readers of the text? A. Kids. B. Teachers. C. Headmasters. D. Parents. 4. What is a suitable title of the passage? A. Importance of Festivals in Kids’ Life B. Parents' Role in Celebrating Festivals C. Benefits of Festival Rituals to Kids D. Principles of Kids' Love for Festivals Passage 5 （24-25高一上·河南项城·期中） It is difficult for a teacher to decide whether to allow students to listen to music in the classroom. Every time students need to write an essay or work on a problem, they say, “Can I put my headphones on? I think better that way.” But is that really true? Does music help concentrate? Research offers little to back up the idea that listening to music improves concentration. In one small study, 133 students performed reading tasks while listening to either light music, hip hop, or no music at all. Students who performed the reading tasks in silence scored the highest. Music with a higher intensity (强度) like hip hop was more distracting and had a bad effect on task performance. Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration. The type of music didn’t matter. Data from the study showed once again that silence was the best environment to improve concentration. However, music has a positive effect on work performance. Studies have showed that listening to music leads to positive changes in mood, as well as creativity. In fact, in music-listening cultures, which students are certainly part of, there’s actually a change in mood when the music is taken away. It’s hard to convince my students that music doesn’t help with their concentration. Taj, a senior told me, “I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. However, when I write, I feel like music helps me concentrate deeply. I don’t have writer’s block. It’s easy for me to put my words on paper.” “Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me. “You could actually be singing along with what you’re listening to and doing well in math.” 1. What does the underlined word “distracting” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Making it difficult for someone to concentrate. B. Causing great excitement. C. Making someone want to do something. D. Making someone feel frightened. 2. What can we learn from the small study? A. Students do well in reading tasks while listening to music. B. Music can’t improve people’s mood and creativity. C. Different types of music lead to different performances. D. The volume of music affects concentration. 3. What do Taj and Danela have in common? A. They believe music doesn’t help concentrate. B. They use music to help with their paper-writing. C. They can’t focus on reading while listening to music. D. They don’t listen to music while doing math problems. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Should Students Listen to Music? B. Does Music Help Concentration? C. Is Music Related to Reading? D. Can Music Change Mood? 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南郑州宇华·期中） New research suggests that dogs might be able to help save diseased citrus trees. A group of scientists trained dogs to use their sense of smell to detect a crop disease called citrus-greening. The disease has affected orange, lemon and grapefruit trees in the American states of Florida, California and Texas. The dogs can detect the disease weeks to years before it appears on tree leaves and roots, the researchers report. A study on their findings was published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The report says using dogs is also faster, less costly and more exact than having people collect hundreds of leaves for lab analysis. Timothy Gottwald is a researcher with the U. S. Department of Agriculture and a co-writer of the study. He told The Associated Press, “This technology is thousands of years old-the dog’s nose. We’ve just trained dogs to hunt new prey.” Citrus-greening is caused by a bacteria (细菌) that is spread by a tiny insect that feeds on the leaves and stems of citrus trees. Once a tree is infected (感染), there is no cure. The disease has also hurt citrus crops in Central and South America and Asia. In one experiment involving grapefruit trees in Texas, trained dogs were correct 95 percent of the time in telling the difference between newly infected trees and healthy ones. “The earlier you detect a disease, the better chance you have at stopping an epidemic (流行病) by removing infected trees,” Gottwald said. Matteo Garbelotto studies plants at the University of California, Berkeley. He says the new research shows that dogs can detect an infection well before current methods. Garbelotto has been involved in similar research but had no part in the new study. Laura Sims is a plant scientist with Louisiana Tech University. She praised the steps taken to find out if the dogs were detecting the bacteria itself or a plant’s reaction to an infection. To do that, the researchers infected different kinds of unrelated plants with the bacteria in a laboratory. The dogs were still able to pick out the infected plants. Gottwald said, “You’ve seen dogs working in airports, detecting drugs and explosives. Maybe soon you will see them working on more farms. ” 1. According to the research, trained dogs can ________. A. help infected trees recover from diseases B. recognize a crop disease in its early stage C. cause fruit trees to grow faster than usual D. reduce the cost of planting some fruit trees 2. What does the underlined part “new prey” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Infected plants. B. Fruit trees. C. Tiny insects. D. Favourite foods. 3. Why did the researchers do experiments on unrelated plants? A. To further prove the findings. B. To explore the plant diseases. C. To present different opinions. D. To discover a plant’s reactions. 4. How does Gottwald feel about the future use of this new method? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Curious. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南罗山·期中） How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment? In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, the desert elephant does just that. Although not regarded as a separate species from the African elephant, the desert cousin differs in many ways. Their bodies are smaller, to absorb less heat, and their feet are larger for easier walking across sandy surfaces. They are taller, to reach higher branches. They have shorter tusks (象牙), and most importantly, longer trunks to dig for water in riverbeds. Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes, and have a larger group of families. They drink only every 3-4 days, and can store water in a “bag” at the back of their throat, which is only used when badly needed. Desert elephants are careful feeders---they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. Young elephants may even eat the dung (粪便) of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage. During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly. Desert elephants have sand baths, sometimes adding their own urine (尿液) to make them muddy! As we continue to overheat our weak planet, it can only be hoped that other animal species will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert elephant. 1. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means “_____”. A. remains in the African countries B. drinks 120 liters of water a day C. manages to live in desert areas D. eats 150 kilograms of food daily 2. Desert elephants are called careful feeders because they _____. A. rarely ruin trees B. drink only every 3-4 days C. search for food in large groups D. protect food sources for their young 3. The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with _____. A. stories and explanation B. facts and descriptions C. examples and conclusion D. evidence and argument 4. What can be inferred from the last sentence in the passage? A. Overheating the earth can be stopped. B. Not all animal species are so adaptable. C. The planet will become hotter and hotter. D. Not all animals are as smart as desert elephants. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南南阳六校·期中） Gustavo Dudamel comes back for another show. It’s the first night for the Los Angeles Philharmonic in California. When people see the conductor, the noise inside the Walt Disney Concert Hall gets louder. Dudamel walks to the stage and raises his head and arms. The group starts playing the Star Wars theme. At the end, people all jump up. It’s the kind of response you’d see at a concert by Taylor Swift, a very popular pop singer. Dudamel says later that music is not just for fun. It brings us together even if we come in feeling very different. Under Dudamel’s leadership, the Los Angeles Philharmonic has spread the uniting power of music across differences in money, class, color and age. And its Youth Orchestra Los Angeles (YOLA) has worked with more than 1,500 kids, giving them instruments and lessons so they can perform. Dudamel grew up in a working- class family in Venezuela. His mom was a singing teacher. His dad played in a band. But what was more important for Dudamel’s music al growth was El Sistema, Venezuela’s national classical music education and performance program for poor kids. Dudamel joined when he was 5. It was El Sistema that gave him a violin three years later. The YOLA program started in 2007, after Dudamel showed El Sistema’s work in Venezuela to members of the Los Angeles Philharmonic organization. The roots (根) Dudamel put down in Los Angeles have spread far beyond Disney Hall. In October 2021, the Beckmen YOLA Center opened its doors in Inglewood, California. The former bank building had been turned into a place for lessons, recording and performance. Dudamel remembers someone once said: The young musicians shouldn’t be satisfied with a program that is just “good enough”. They should be given the best instruments, the best teachers, and the most inspiring places to grow and do well. 1. Why is Taylor Swift mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To show Dudamel’s popularity. B. To lead in the topic to discuss. C. To explain the difficulty in conducting. D. To compare the differences between Taylor Swift and Dudamel. 2. What is the purpose of YOLA? A. To offer chances to adult musicians. B. To get the youth of different backgrounds together. C. To provide musical education for the young. D. To help schools with music lessons. 3. What helps most in Dudamel’s musical development? A. His parents’ experience. B. His natural ability in music. C. The YOLA program’s support. D. His study in El Sistema. 4. What can be learned from paragraph 4? A. The YOLA program has achieved more than expected. B. The bank building was perfect for performance. C. The Disney Hall cannot hold all of the YOLA members. D. California needs more support for young musicians. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南南阳六校·期中） More than a billion young people across the world don’t have an Internet connection. That fact is holding back global (全球的) change, says the World Wide Web inventor, Sir Tim Berners-Lee. In a letter he has written for the Web’s 32nd birthday today, Sir Tim is calling for a global push to connect all young people safely to the Internet. Sir Tim’s letter replies to a report from United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) at the end of last year, which showed two- thirds of the world’s school- age children-1.3 billion children aged 3 to 17-don’t have an Internet connection in their homes. The fear is that this not enough Internet access (机会) could cost them their futures by separating them from the world, and keeping education out of reach. UNICEF says a digital divide means children and young people from the poorest families and countries are missing out. And it is concerned that these children are falling even further behind other children, with very little opportunity to catch up. Today’s letter, published by Sir Tim and Rosemary Leith from the Web Foundation, stresses young leaders who are using digital technology to tackle some of the world’s problems like inequality, environmental issues and other global challenges. But Rosemary says these opportunities need to be open to all: “If half of young people are unable to use the tools to develop in a digital world-to learn new skills, run businesses, and build communities-society as a whole will miss out on their abilities, ideas and efforts.” Sir Tim is also calling on tech companies and governments to work on ways to protect young people from harm online and make young people’s rights and well- being a top priority (优先事项). 1. How does Sir Tim find the fact that many young people live without the Internet? A. Worrying. B. Satisfying. C. Strange. D. Acceptable. 2. What is UNICEF worried about? A. The slow development of the Internet. B. The high cost of Internet connect ion for common families. C. The influence of the digital products on children’s health. D. The widening differences in digital access between the poor and the rich. 3. What does the underlined word “tackle” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Check. B. Record. C. Understand. D. Solve. 4. What do Rosemary’s words show? A. Digital tools should be used in educating students. B. The abilities and ideas of young people will benefit society. C. Digital tools are the most important in learning new skills. D. Internet support should be seriously considered by the government. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南南阳一中·期中） Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress (要塞), but usually fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king in mind. When it comes to structures that are both beautiful and defensive, the European castle is a big success. Castles were originally built in England by the Normans in 1066. They built towers and walls to secure the land they had taken. These castles provided the Normans with a quiet and safe place. They also served as bases of operation for attacks. In this way castles served both defensive and offensive roles. Besides, castles served as offices for governors. Those that were socially beneath the governor would come to report affairs and express their respect. They would address problems, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities in castles. So castles served as social centers as well. The first castles were made from earth and wood, and they were likely to suffer from attacks by fire. Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of these towers and walls. However, attackers could throw flaming objects into castles through the windows or burn the wooden doors. This led to moving the windows and entrances off the ground floor and up to the first floor to make them more difficult to access. During the Middle Ages, attacks increased in regularity, so castle defenses were updated. Arrow-slits were added. They were small holes in the castle, which allowed defenders to fire without being hurt. Towers were built from which defenders could provide fire on both sides. The towers were connected to the castle by wooden bridges, so that if one tower fell, the rest of the castle was still easy to defend. A lot of rings of castle walls were constructed, so that even if attackers went past one wall, they would be caught on a killing ground between inner and outer walls. All of these increased the defense of castles. The end of castles can be attributed (归因于) to gunpowder. During the 15th century, artillery (炮), a kind of large guns, became powerful enough to break through stone walls. This greatly made the role of castles less effective. Though castles no longer serve their original purposes, remaining castles receive millions of visitors each year who wish to experience the situations of ancient times. 1. How does the author introduces the topic of the text? A. By making a guess. B. By making a comparison. C. By giving an example. D. By providing data. 2. Why were wooden castles replaced by stone castles? A. Because stone castles cost less money. B. Because stone castles offered better defense. C. Because wooden castles were uncomfortable. D. Because wooden castles took a long time to build. 3. Which of the following showed an improvement in castle defenses? A. Castles were totally separated by stones. B. Arrow- slits were made in large quantities. C. Rings of walls were built to defend the towers. D. Windows and entrances were moved to the higher floor. 4. What is the best title of the passage? A. Fancy Living: Learning about Castles B. Normans: Bringing Castles to England C. A History of Castles: The Rise and Fall of Castles D. Defending Castles: Technologies Used to Defend Castles Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南潢川·期中） A Japanese city is using AI (人工智能) to help with the problem of kids not wanting to go to school. They look at students’ information to see who might stop coming because of worries, being bullied (欺凌), or other problems. In a city near Tokyo, they tested an Al system for a year. They wanted to help teachers find students who are having a hard time. In Japan, more and more kids are not going to school for a long time. In 2022, almost 300,000 kids didn’t go to school for 30 days or more. The AI system looks at things like how often kids go to school, how well they do in school, and if they are healthy. It also looks at if they visit the school nurse a lot or if there are reports about them being bullied. The system then uses past data (数据) to see how likely it is that a student will stop going to school. It gives each student a color, from red (highest risk) to yellow (lowest risk). In the test, the program said 1,193 students were at high risk. Teachers decided that 265 of them needed help right away. To keep kids’ information safe, the city made rules about how to use the data and not to treat students unfairly because of the AI’s predictions (预测). They also told parents they could say no to using their kids’ data. Only important people in the school, like headmasters, could see the results. “By using real information, we might be able to stop kids from not wanting to go to school,” said Makiko Nakamuro, a professor from Keio University and an expert on education. “But we have to think really hard about keeping their data safe by telling them clearly why and how we use their information,” she also said. 1. What is the main purpose of using AI in the Japanese city? A. To improve students’ scores. B. To study students’ health conditions. C. To make bullying problems happen less in schools. D. To find students at risk of not attending school. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The job of school nurses. B. How the AI system checks kids’ health. C. The main focus of the AI system. D. Why students need better education. 3. How did the city protect students’ information? A. Make strict rules about data using. B. Hide all the data after testing. C. Give up using their real information. D. Send the result only to their parents. 4. What is Makiko Nakamuro’s attitude towards the AI system? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Anxious. D. Confused. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南南阳一中·期中） Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,0000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A. They must run long distances. B. They have to follow special rules. C. They are qualified for the marathon. D. They are good at swinging their legs. 2. What advantage dose race walking have over running? A. It’s less challenging physically. B. It’s more popular at the Olympics. C. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. D. It’s more effective in body building. 3. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Doing regular exercises. B. Having a medical checkup. C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Getting experts’ opinions. 4. Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking? A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Tolerant. D. Supportive. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南南阳·期中） For many of the runners, “slow” is a four-letter word. However, in the last year or two, slow running has become “A Thing”, backed not just by wellness experts, but also by a growing number of coaches, amateur runners and exercise scientists, too. The idea is that going slow could be a fast way to enjoy the benefits of exercise. Slow running is usually defined as a pace at which you can comfortably hold a conversation. It is “zone 2 exercise” in sports science and it’s a physiological (生理学的) sweet spot that can improve and extend your life. Researchers in Copenhagen made a surprising discovery that the light and moderate joggers had a lower death rate than either the non-runners or the hard runners. What makes the unhurried approach so healthful? “Slow running helps reduce resting blood pressure and promotes a stronger heart,” says Prof Dan Gordon, an exercise physiologist. Besides improving heart strength and pumping capacity, slow running boosts health at the molecular level, fends off metabolic disease by improving your insulin resistance and encourages your body to use fat for energy. Slow runners also recover faster and are less likely to suffer tiredness or overtraining injuries. They’re more likely to feel good. “There are huge positives for emotional health,” Gordon says. “And then there’s the social aspect — with slow running, you can actually have a conversation!” Gordon believes promoting slow running might encourage more people to exercise regularly, partly because there’s no performance pressure and partly because you can do it with friends. “If you aim to get people physically fit, doing it in a group is the best way,” Gordon says. “You have that sense of encouragement.” Researches show even professional runners sometimes take part in slow running to build their aerobic base (有氧基础), enhancing their heart’s ability and enabling them to run farther and faster with less effort. 1. What is mainly talked about slow running in paragraph 2? A. Its popularity. B. Its definition. C. Its importance. D. Its advantage. 2. What do the underlined words in paragraph 4 mean? A. Adapts to. B. Suffers from. C. Fights against. D. Arises from. 3. Why does Gordon think slow running might encourage regular exercise? A. It is convenient for runners to prepare for it. B. It is less stressful and can be done with friends. C. It develops the skills in building relationships. D. It aims to make sure of people’s physical fitness. 4. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Slow running benefits professional runners. B. Slow running means a long-distance running. C. Slow running is a relief for exhausted runners. D. Slow running is suitable for runners of all ages. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南洛阳·期中） Yoga is well known for helping to improve balance and flexibility and for achieving calm and relaxation. But when it comes to weight loss, many people think that other types of exercise, like cardio (心脏) or strength training, will be more helpful. Recent research shows that doing yoga long term not only can help people lose weight but also can strengthen cognitive (认知的) skills to help keep it off. Jessica Unick, a professor at Brown University and The Miriam Hospital’s Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, led a multiyear study beginning in 2019 that was the first of its kind to examine the possibility of yoga for weight loss maintenance (保持). In the study, 60 overweight women were in a 12-week behavioral weight loss program in which their calorie intake were limited and they set exercise goals and were taught behavioral strategies for losing weight. After the 12 weeks, they received either 12 weeks of yoga classes or 12 weeks of cooking education classes. “Our findings, although in an early age, suggest that yoga may help to improve long-term weight loss through improvements in some ways like mindfulness,” Unick says. “For example, if someone experiences improvements in mindfulness, they may be less likely to ‘mindlessly’ eat in response to feelings such as boredom, stress, anger and other situations like the presence of tasty foods, rather than eating only when hungry.” A 2021 study found no difference in weight loss totals for participants practicing a gentle hatha yoga and a more vigorous vinyasa type of yoga. Most of the studies support the idea that there’s no one style of yoga that’s best for weight loss. “Finally, the best yoga is the practice that fits for you,” says Sherwin. “There are now many styles of yoga that meet you where you are no matter what your size, age, physical challenge or background. Everybody can benefit from a yoga practice.” 1. What’s the feature of Unick’s research? A. It shows yoga can help achieve calm and relaxation. B. It proves yoga can help improve balance and flexibility. C. It examines the ability of yoga for weight loss maintenance. D. It lasts for more than one year and focus on long-term effects. 2. When will people who achieve mindfulness through yoga take in food? A. When they’re hungry. B. When they’re angry. C. When they suffer boredom. D. When they have much stress. 3. What does the underlined word “vigorous” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Achievable. B. Dynamic. C. Flexible. D. Calm. 4. What’s the result of the study in 2021? A. Doing yoga is a physical challenge. B. Hatha yoga is better than vinyasa yoga. C. Everyone can do yoga whoever they are. D. All styles of yoga are good for weight loss. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南九师联盟·期中） Exercising for just 15 minutes a day can greatly improve fitness, energy, health and sleep, according to a study from Australia. In this study, 11,575 workers participated (参与) in a workplace wellness program called the 15 Minute Challenge. Lead researcher Ben Singh explained, “We showed that as little as 15 minutes of physical activity per day can make a big difference in people’s health.” After six weeks of the program, 36 percent of the participants met their activity goals and 56 percent did even better. The participants reported improvements in various areas: 14 percent said they had increased fitness, 12 percent showed improvements in energy, and 8 percent said they got better sleep. The U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) suggests that adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度) exercise each week, along with muscle-strengthening activities. However, the HHS’s 2018 report noted that nearly 80 percent of U. S. adults did not meet the national guidelines, leading to high health care costs. On average, those who took part in the 15 Minute Challenge increased their physical activity levels by 85 minutes per week and exercised for about 45 minutes per day — three times what the challenge required. “The15-minute goal is an easy starting point, especially for people who are not very active,” said Singh. “It helps people build the habit of regular exercise.” Professor Carol Maher, a co-researcher, noted that the program was so successful because it made exercise fun. “Encouraging your teammates through friendly competition is central to the program, and a key part of what makes participants stay connected,” she said. Singh highlighted the importance of promoting (推广) physical activity in workplaces, where many adults spend a lot of time. “Physically active workers are happier, healthier, and more productive,” he said. “Programs like the 15 Minute Challenge should be part of every company’s schedule.” 1. Which word best describes the result of the fitness program? A. Unfair. B. Incorrect. C. Stressful. D. Satisfying. 2. Which is the percentage of the participants reporting better sleep? A. 8%. B. 12%. C. 14%. D. 36%. 3. What can we know about the fitness program from Maher’s words? A. It breaks a general rule. B. It sees unfair competition. C. It values exercise in groups. D. It aims for a close friendship. 4. What does Singh think of promoting physical activity in workplaces? A. It shortens office hours. B. It is a win-win situation. C. It is a difficult decision. D. It increases medical costs. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南封丘期中） Heat waves don’t just make bumblebees (大黄蜂) hot. High temperatures also seem to seriously reduce their sense of smell, which can be very bad for their survival. For bumblebees, being able to smell flowers is a matter of life or death because it helps them find food. Bumblebees are already known to suffer from climate change. So, an insect ecologist from the University of Würzburg in Germany and her team wanted to understand if heat waves could influence bumblebees’ ability to smell flowers. The researchers put around 190 bumblebees from two common species into small special rooms for almost three hours at temperatures of 40℃ to simulate (模拟) heat waves. Some bumblebees were also put in a dry environment; some had ways to sugary resources; some were given time to recover at normal temperatures for 24 hours after the heat treatment. After the simulated heat waves, the researchers cut off the bumblebees’ antennae (触须), which they use to smell, and measured whether the olfactory sensory neurons (the cells that help them smell) in the antennae could still detect flower scents. The heat waves reduced the bumblebees’ ability to smell by up to 80 percent. Worker bumblebees, which are all female, were more affected than male bumblebees. Even worse, the antennae of the bumblebees that had 24 hours to cool off still didn’t recover their sense of smell after that time. “That was surprising,” said the insect ecologist. This suggests the bumblebees don’t recover quickly, which means they might have trouble finding food. “It could be one reason why we see so many bumblebee population drops,” she added, along with other factors like habitat loss. “The study seems pretty reliable,” said a bumblebee ecologist from the University of Sussex in Brighton, England, who didn’t take part in the study. “The antennae are quite similar across bee species,” he added. “If bumblebees suffer in this way, I think it’s probable that other bees would too. But we won’t know for sure until someone does research on it.” 1. What problem might bumblebees face in the end because of heat waves? A. Food shortage. B. Habitat loss. C. Death risk. D. Sensory failure. 2. Why were some bumblebees given 24 hours to recover after the treatment? A. To prove if hot waves damage their sense of smell. B. To make sure they can adapt to the environment. C. To prevent the researchers making mistakes. D. To persuade other people into believing the research. 3. What does the insect ecologist think of the research result? A. It takes researchers’ doubts away. B. It goes beyond her control. C. It limits the scientific research. D. It leads to a good method. 4. What can we learn about other bees according to the bumblebee ecologist? A. More researchers are studying them. B. They will suffer from death. C. They will be well protected. D. There is still a lot to study. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南潢川·期中） There are over 400 kinds of sharks living around the world. Some live in deep, cold water. Others live in shallow (浅的), warm water. They are all considered fish. Some other things that help tell different sharks are fins (鳍), gills (鳃) and teeth. There are sharks with fins on their backs. Others have fins on their backs and undersides. All sharks have gills. But the number of gills differs from five to seven. Sharks have a very sharp sense of smell. Shark teeth can be flat and sharp. Sharks are born with teeth and they grow new ones. Some can have thousands of teeth, Can you imagine such a mouthful? Another important difference between sharks is where they live. Most sharks live in the oceans. There are a few kinds that can live in slightly salty water. Others have learned to survive in fresh water. Some can travel between salty and fresh water. Before getting worried about sharks in your favorite local rivers or lakes, let’s see where some of freshwater sharks live. Bull sharks are probably the most general common and dangerous. They are salty water fish that can survive in fresh water for long periods. We find them many miles inland in rivers like the Mississippi, Zambezi, and Nicaragua. Spear-tooth sharks live in both salty and fresh water. We find them around Australia and New Guinea. Ganges sharks live in rivers in India, Bangladesh, Borneo and Myanmar. They have eyes on top of their heads, unlike other sharks whose eyes are on the sides, Last, there is the Greenland shark. These sharks grow very large and live a long time. Researchers regularly see Greenland sharks in Canadian rivers. These sharks show how some animals have learned to live in other places. Can you do this? What other animals can you think of that have this skill? 1. What do we know about sharks? A. They are not fish. B. They are expert at smelling. C. They have seven fins. D. They have gills on backs. 2. Where do most sharks live? A. In salty water. B. In slightly salty water. C. In fresh water. D. Between salty and fresh water. 3. Why are many different sharks mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To present the large number of kinds. B. To show how sharks developed in the fresh water. C. To give examples of sharks living in the fresh water. D. To tell us the living conditions of the sharks. 4. What is mainly talked about in this text? A. Kinds of Sharks. B. Differences Between Sharks. C. Development of Sharks. D. Living Habits of Some Sharks. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南驻马店经开区·期中） Human-like skin grown in a lab has been successfully given to a burns patient. The artificial tissue (人造组织) was grown from the man’s own skin cells, which was described as one of the biggest breakthroughs in burns care. The bioengineered skin aims to replace traditional skin transplants, in which burned, damaged skin is replaced with normal, healthy skin cut from another part of the patient’s body. This new method could help to better protect patients from deadly infections (感染), without the usual pain. The bioengineered skin is grown under lab conditions using a sample (样本) of cells taken from the patient. Once it has grown to a sheet of skin, it is stuck to the burnt tissue of the patient. Patients with burns over most of their body had very little healthy skin to use for transplanting, which meant they had to stay in hospital for months and risked higher rates of infection while using the same donor site for transplanting over and over again. In comparison, the artificial skin takes four weeks to grow into sheets 100 times the size of the skin taken from the patient. This is the amount of time needed to prepare a burn for treatment. Associate Professor Heather Cleland said the tissue had the ability to not only treat patients better, but also save those who would die. Former patient Kate Sanderson, 49, who had burnt to 60 percent of her body in2011, said she was elated for the team for, with the new method, burns patients will suffer less and recover soon in the future. She said her recovery took a long time because doctors could only take limited amounts of skin for transplanting. 1. What is one of the advantages of the new method? A. It’s really cheap. B. It’s unique in the world. C. It causes little pain. D. It has no side effects. 2. What is Heather Cleland’s attitude towards the new method? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 3. What does the underlined word “elated” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Enough. B. Worried. C. Tired. D. Overjoyed. 4. Where is the text most likely from? A. A medical magazine. B. A first-aid guide. C. A science fiction. D. A textbook. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。实验室培植的人造皮肤被认为是烧伤护理领域最重大的突破之一，这种人造组织是由患者自身的皮肤细胞培育而成。这种人造皮肤能有效替代烧伤皮肤，降低感染风险，缩短烧伤患者恢复时间。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“This new method could help to better protect patients from deadly infections, without the usual pain (这种新方法可以帮助更好地保护病人免受致命感染，且不会有通常的疼痛。)”可知，新方法的一个优势是无痛。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Associate Professor Heather Cleland said the tissue had the ability to not only treat patients better, but also save those who would die. (副教授希瑟·克莱兰表示，这种组织不仅能更好地治疗患者，还能拯救那些濒临死亡的人。)”可推知，Heather Cleland对新方法是持肯定态度的。故选B。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文“with the new method, burns patients will suffer less and recover soon in the future. She said her recovery took a long time because doctors could only take limited amounts of skin for transplanting. (使用这种新方法，烧伤患者将来会减少痛苦，并且恢复得更快。)”可知，这件事情是值得令人开心的。因此可推测画线词词义为“高兴；欢呼”。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一句“Human-like skin grown in a lab has been successfully given to a burns patient. (实验室培育的类人皮肤已成功移植给烧伤患者。)”及其它内容给可知，本文讲述了实验室里培育的人造皮肤可以移植给烧伤患者。由此可推测这篇文章最可能出现在医疗杂志上。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南鹿邑·期中） The Wampanoag language was not dead. To call it dead would be an insult to the ancestors who left it for future generations as a way to communicate-and a way to teach. But it was “unspoken” until linguist Jessie “Little Doe” Baird brought it back. Her project’s Wampanoag dictionary holds more than 11,000 entries. Words on paper are not a language. A language lives through the people who speak it. So Baird founded the Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project. She teaches community classes and family camps. Kids in grade school and high school have the opportunity to learn the language. The Wampanoags have lived for 12,000 years in Massachusetts and parts of Rhode Island. When the Pilgrims (清教徒) met the first Indigenous people, those were the Wampanoags. The English settlers brought disease that killed thousands-an estimated two-thirds of the Wampanoag Nation died-as well as war and rules that fragmented (分裂) the tribes. There once were 69 tribes in the nation; now there are three. Baird is a citizen of the Mashpee tribe. Her ancestors left a key to their language. They translated the King James Bible into Wampanoag. They left hundreds of documents in their written alphabet (字母表). Baird describes a vision she had where her ancestors helped her see it was time to bring the language home. She began her research, which led her to a graduate degree at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she learned from and worked with other linguists. In 2010, she was named a MacArthur Foundation Fellow, earning a “genius grant” to further her work. “It’s incredibly difficult to reclaim a language, even more so when there are no speakers alive, and even more so when you’re driving 90 minutes a day, each way, to attend graduate school, with four small children at home.” “I might have been afraid to do the work had I known that,” Baird says with a laugh now. “But I didn’t, and so here we are.” 1. What is the situation of the Wampanoag language? A. It has entirely gone by now. B. It is being brought back to life. C. It is a compulsory course in schools. D. It has got well-recognized in the USA. 2. What may contribute to the downfall of Wampanoag? A. The wide use of English in the new land. B. The religious change of the Wampanoags. C. The sharp reduced population of Wampanoag. D. The shortage of reference books on the language. 3. What’s the key element of saving the Wampanoag language? A. The local linguists lend a timely hand. B. Children are asked to learn the language. C. The government gives the financial support. D. The materials ancestors left lay the foundation. 4. Which of the following words can best describe Jessie Baird? A. Determined and responsible B. Considerate and ambitious C. Intelligent and kind-hearted D. Independent and adaptable 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍万帕诺亚格语正在语言学家杰西·“小多伊”·贝尔德的努力下重新让更多的人认识并使用。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The Wampanoag language was not dead. To call it dead would be an insult to the ancestors who left it for future generations as a way to communicate-and a way to teach. But it was “unspoken” until linguist Jessie “Little Doe” Baird brought it back. Her project’s Wampanoag dictionary holds more than 11,000 entries. (万帕诺亚格语并没有消亡。称之死亡将是对祖先的侮辱，他们将其作为一种交流和教学的方式留给后代。但在语言学家杰西·“小多伊”·贝尔德将其再次流行之前，它一直是“无声的”。她的项目的万帕诺亚格词典包含11000多个词条)”可知，万帕诺亚格语正在语言学家杰西·“小多伊”·贝尔德的努力下复活。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The Wampanoags have lived for 12,000 years in Massachusetts and parts of Rhode Island. When the Pilgrims (清教徒) met the first Indigenous people, those were the Wampanoags. The English settlers brought disease that killed thousands-an estimated two-thirds of the Wampanoag Nation died-as well as war and rules that fragmented (分裂) the tribes. There once were 69 tribes in the nation; now there are three. (万帕诺亚格人在马萨诸塞州和罗德岛州的部分地区生活了12000年。当清教徒遇到第一批土著人时，他们就是万帕诺亚格人。英国定居者带来了导致数千人死亡的疾病——估计有三分之二的万帕诺亚格人死亡——以及分裂部落的战争和规则。这个国家曾经有69个部落；现在只有三个)”可知，万帕诺亚格的人口急剧减少导致了万帕诺亚格语言的消亡。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Baird is a citizen of the Mashpee tribe. Her ancestors left a key to their language. They translated the King James Bible into Wampanoag. They left hundreds of documents in their written alphabet (字母表). (贝尔德是Mashpee部落的公民。她的祖先留下了他们语言的钥匙。他们把詹姆斯国王的圣经翻译成万帕诺亚格语。他们用书面字母表留下了数百份文件。)”可知，保存万帕诺亚格语的关键要素是他们祖先留下的资料给他们提供了学习的基础。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Baird describes a vision she had where her ancestors helped her see it was time to bring the language home. She began her research, which led her to a graduate degree at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she learned from and worked with other linguists. (贝尔德描述了她的祖先帮助她看到是时候让语言再次流行的情景。她开始了自己的研究，并在麻省理工学院获得了研究生学位，在那里她向其他语言学家学习并与他们合作)”和第五段“It’s incredibly difficult to reclaim a language, even more so when there are no speakers alive, and even more so when you’re driving 90 minutes a day, each way, to attend graduate school, with four small children at home.(要想重新掌握一门语言是非常困难的，当没有人活着的时候更是如此，当你每天开车90分钟去上研究生院，家里有四个小孩的时候就更是如此)”可知，贝尔德为了让万帕诺亚格语再次流行付出了很多，而且一直坚持做，所以她是一个有决心并且很有责任心的人。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南周口恒大·期中） Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula broke their record for most visitors in a year back in 2019, with over 3.2 million visitors. Recently, Mexico’s first long-distance hiking and cycling trail has been completed here, which will attract tourists from all over the world once more. The tourist attraction and trail, which goes through local cultural relics, will give visitors a wonderful glimpse into the incredible history to Maya’s history. Considering that most tourists travel to Mexico, particularly Cancun, with the 5-star hotels and perfect beaches, getting them to visit the other history-filled areas isn’t always so easy, unless they happen to be history lovers. But with the newly constructed Camino del Mayab, tourists can experience the rich Mayan culture, history, food, and civilization. The trail is a 68-mile journey that hopes to aid in bettering the lives of the 14 communities of Mayan descendants that live along the trail. The journey can take three days to cycle or five days to walk. Those on the journey will begin in the town of Merida, and then head to many abandoned haciendas, which remind you of Mayan labor. Along the trail, visitors can purchase handicrafts and taste the delicious food of the Yucatan and the Maya from local stores and restaurants. All throughout the trail is also a jungle where various birds and other types of animals are found. The trail ends at the very top of the pyramid of Kulkulkan at Mayapin. The Yucatan civilization collapsed during the 9 century and its people became slaves in the 15th century. Yet, the locals worked to keep their ancestral homes, animals, cities, foods and cultural work for themselves, rather than being overrun by large hotel companies. In this way, the Yucatan civilization managed to remain strong in the region. And whether you’re a lover of Mexico or not, or possibly one that enjoys these types of camino walks, the Camino del Mayab is definitely worth the time. 1. What is Camino del Mayab? A. A perfect beach. B. A historical site. C. A newly constructed hotel. D. A hiking and cycling trail. 2. What is the main purpose of the Camino del Mayab? A. To help improve the lives of locals. B. To further protect tropical animals. C. To attract tourists to Mexico’s beaches. D. To promote local goods and handicrafts. 3. How did the people in Yucatan keep their civilization strong? A. By engaging in regional trade. B. By sticking to their way of life. C. By relying on natural resources. D. By working with large companies. 4. What is the author’s purpose to write this text? A. To introduce a new attraction. B. To bring in tourism investment. C. To inform a newly-discovered site. D. To advocate donations to the locals. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍在墨西哥新建的Camino del Mayab相关情况。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据首段第二句“Recently, Mexico’s first long-distance hiking and cycling trail has been completed here, which will attract tourists from all over the world once more. (最近，墨西哥第一条长途徒步和自行车道在这里建成，将再次吸引来自世界各地的游客。)”以及第二段第二句“But with the newly constructed Camino del Mayab, tourists can experience the rich Mayan culture, history, food, and civilization. (但在新建的Camino del Mayab，游客可以体验到丰富的玛雅文化、历史、食物和文明。)”可知，Camino del Mayab是一条长途徒步和自行车道。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“The trail is a 68-mile journey that hopes to aid in bettering the lives of the 14 communities of Mayan descendants that live along the trail. (这条道路全长68英里，希望能帮助改善沿着道路生活的14个玛雅后裔社区的生活。)”可知，建造Camino del Mayab的目的是希望帮助改善当地社区的生活。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“Yet, the locals worked to keep their ancestral homes, animals, cities, foods and cultural work for themselves, rather than being overrun by large hotel companies. In this way, the Yucatan civilization managed to remain strong in the region. (然而，当地人努力为自己保留祖传的家园、动物、城市、食物和文化工作，而不是被大型酒店公司侵占。通过这种方式，尤卡坦文明得以在该地区保持强大。)”可知，尤卡坦文明得以保持强大是通过坚持自己的生活方式，而不是建立大型酒店公司。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据末段“And whether you’re a lover of Mexico or not, or possibly one that enjoys these types of camino walks, the Camino del Mayab is definitely worth the time. (不管你是不是墨西哥的爱好者，或者可能喜欢这些类型的camino步行，Camino del Mayab绝对值得一游。)”可知，本文主要是介绍Camino del Mayab这一景点。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南郑州一中·期中） Like most nerds (电脑迷) who read science fiction, I’ve kept wondering how society will greet true artificial intelligence, if and when it arrives. Will we panic? Ignore it and go about our daily lives? Therefore, it’s been fascinating to go online to try to make sense of ChatGPT, a new cutting-edge A. I. chatbot (聊天机器人) opened for testing at the end of 2022. In five days, more than a million people signed up to test it. In recent years, though a few A. I. tools have gotten good at doing narrow and well-defined tasks, like writing marketing copy, they still tend to be weak when taken outside their comfort zones. But ChatGPT feels different. It is smarter and more flexible. It can write jokes and college-level essays. It can also guess at medical diagnoses, and even seems good at answering the types of open-ended analytical questions which frequently appear on school assignments. The technology that powers ChatGPT isn’t, strictly speaking, new. It’s based on what the company calls“GPT-3.5”, an upgraded version of GPT-3 in 2020. While the existence of a highly capable linguistic superbrain might be old news to A. I. researchers, it’s the first time such a powerful tool has been made available to the general public through a free, easy-to-use web interface. Unlike Google, ChatGPT doesn’t explore the Internet for information on current events, and its knowledge is restricted to things it learned before 2021. Since ChatGPT training data includes billions of examples of human opinion, representing every reasonable view, it’s also, in some sense, moderate by design. Without specific instructions, for example, it’s hard to coax (诱导) a strong opinion out of ChatGPT about political debates. Usually, you’ll get a fair summary of what each side believes. 1. How did the public respond to ChatGPT at first? A. People worried about this new technology. B. Many people found it hard to understand ChatGPT. C. A number of people couldn’t wait to register for a try. D. Millions of people were ignorant of this new A. I. chatbot. 2. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A. Homework might not be a problem for ChatGPT users. B. ChatGPT is a typical A. I. tool used for specified tasks. C. ChatGPT helps doctors with serious medical diagnoses. D. A. I. apps can’t provide perfect answers to analytical questions. 3. In which aspect is ChatGPT different from the GPT-3? A. Linguistic researchers speak highly of it. B. People can use it free of charge. C. It is welcomed by A. I. researchers with enthusiasm. D. It is the first powerful tool open to the general public. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A. The future of ChatGPT. B. The brilliance of ChatGPT. C. The development of ChatGPT. D. The arguments about ChatGPT. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT是很智能的。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Therefore, it’s been fascinating to go online to try to make sense of ChatGPT, a new cutting-edge A. I. chatbot (聊天机器人) opened for testing at the end of 2022. In five days, more than a million people signed up to test it.(因此，在2022年底开放测试的尖端人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT的网上体验非常有趣。五天之内，超过一百万人注册测试。)”可知，公众对ChatGPT最初的反应是，许多人迫不及待地想要注册试一试。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“It can write jokes and college-level essays. It can also guess at medical diagnoses, and even seems good at answering the types of open-ended analytical questions which frequently appear on school assignments.(它可以写笑话和大学水平的论文。它还可以猜测医学诊断，甚至似乎很擅长回答学校作业中经常出现的开放式分析问题。)”可知，对于ChatGPT用户来说，家庭作业可能不是问题。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The technology that powers ChatGPT isn’t, strictly speaking, new. It’s based on what the company calls“GPT-3.5”, an upgraded version of GPT-3 in 2020. While the existence of a highly capable linguistic superbrain might be old news to A. I. researchers, it’s the first time such a powerful tool has been made available to the general public through a free, easy-to-use web interface.(严格来说，支持ChatGPT的技术并不新鲜。它基于该公司所谓的“GPT-3.5”，这是2020年GPT-3的升级版本。虽然对于人工智能研究人员来说，一个能力强大的语言超级大脑的存在可能已经不是什么新闻了，但这是第一次通过一个免费、易用的网络界面向公众提供如此强大的工具。)”可知，ChatGPT 与GPT-3的不同之处在于，人们可以免费使用ChatGPT。故选B项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提出ChatGPT发布后很受人们欢迎；第二段指出ChatGPT与一些人工智能的不同之处在于ChatGPT更智能，更灵活；第三段指出ChatGPT相比于GPT-3的优点；第四段指出ChatGPI相比于Google的优点。由此可知，文章主要介绍了ChatGPT的智慧之处。故选B项。 Passage 5 （24-25高一上·河南商开联考·期中） If you happen to be in Hollywood and see a car go by with no driver at the wheel, don’t be afraid. After more than a year of testing, around 50 driverless robot axis are debuting (亮相) to the public across Los Angeles on Thursday. The autonomous vehicles (自动驾驶车辆) are run by Waymo, which is owned by Google’s parent company Alphabet. Waymo started giving driverless rides to passengers in San Francisco last year and also operates them in Phoenix. At first, the rides will be free and open to people who’ve signed up on Waymo’s waitlist, which the company says has 50,000 people. In the coming weeks, Waymo will change to a paid service. The company’s service covers 63 square miles in Los Angeles, from Santa Monica to downtown. In the beginning, self-driving cars in San Francisco got into trouble with mistakes and controversy. Both Waymo and its competitor Cruse, which is owned by GM, were complained about running red lights, and blocking public buses. Cruise was involved in (涉及) an accident that left a walker seriously injured in October — causing the company to lose its operating right in San Francisco. Unions and labor leaders say they’ re concerned that the robotaxis will take away jobs and also be a danger to workers who drive emergency vehicles. “Autonomous vehicles like the ones that Waymo wants to introduce to our communities have been causing troubles wherever they go,” said Yvonne Wheeler, president of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor. “It’s clear that this technology has not been well prepared for its use on our roads and in our cities.” Despite those disagreements, autonomous driving is now a real-world way of getting around for tens of thousands of people each week. Waymo is setting its sights on its next robotaxi debut later this year. 1. What does the underlined word “controversy” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Trust. B. Cost. C. Appearance. D. Disagreement. 2. Why did Cruise stop operating self-driving cars in San Francisco? A. It caused a serious accident. B. It was short of money. C. Its leader changed his mind. D. It took away workers’ jobs. 3. What is Yvonne Wheeler’s attitude towards self-driving cars? A. Admiring. B. Uncaring. C. Unsupportive. D. Unclear. 4. In which part of a website can we find this text? A. History. B. Technology. C. Health. D. Education. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶车在美国的运营状况。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“In the beginning, self-driving cars in San Francisco got into trouble with mistakes and controversy. Both Waymo and its competitor Cruse, which is owned by GM, were complained about running red lights, and blocking public buses. (起初，旧金山的自动驾驶汽车因错误和……而陷入困境。Waymo及其竞争对手——通用汽车旗下的 Cruise——都被抱怨闯红灯和阻挡公共巴士。)”可知，自动驾驶汽车出现了诸如闯红灯、阻挡公交车等问题，这些问题会引发人们的不满和争论，所以controversy意思最接近disagreement。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Cruise was involved in(涉及)an accident that left a walker seriously injured in October— causing the company to lose its operating right in San Francisco. (Cruise在10月卷入了一起事故，导致一名行人严重受伤——这使得该公司失去了在旧金山的运营权。)”可知，Cruise公司因为在十月份发生了一起导致行人重伤的事故，所以失去了在旧金山的运营权，即停止在旧金山运营自动驾驶汽车。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ ‘Autonomous vehicles like the ones that Waymo wants to introduce to our communities have been causing troubles wherever they go,’ said Yvonne Wheeler, president of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor. ‘It’s clear that this technology has not been well prepared for its use on our roads and in our cities.’ (“像Waymo想要引入我们社区的那种自动驾驶汽车无论走到哪里都在制造麻烦，”洛杉矶县劳工联合会主席伊冯娜·惠勒说。“很明显，这项技术还没有为在我们的道路和城市中使用做好充分准备。”)”可知，Yvonne Wheeler认为自动驾驶汽车无论到哪里都在制造麻烦，而且这项技术还没有为在道路和城市中的使用做好充分准备，由此可推断出她对自动驾驶汽车是不支持的态度。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Waymo公司的自动驾驶车辆在洛杉矶亮相以及相关的情况，包括其运营模式、之前在旧金山出现的问题、人们对此的看法等，内容围绕自动驾驶这一科技领域展开，所以最有可能在网站的Technology部分找到这篇文章。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南郑州宇华·期中） As birth order (出生顺序) is clearly one of the many reasons that affect development, we should pay much attention to it. Big brothers and sisters usually develop leadership early in life, mainly because of the responsibilities for younger children given to them by their parents. The danger is that if the older child takes that role to an extreme (极限), he or she can become an overbearing person who won’t listen to others because they think they are the leaders. Studies of nearly 300 people have found that a person’s first child is usually the most strongly motivated towards achievement. This is mainly the result of parental expectations. Research also suggests that firstborn children generally become more conservative than other children because they receive most of the parental orders and rules. Used to caring for others, they are more likely to move towards such leadership professions as teaching and politics. Less social and flexible because they become accustomed in the very early years to acting alone, they may have difficulty making close friends. By contrast, the researchers say later children are more likely to be more relaxed and sociable than the eldest child because their parents are more relaxed. However, later children are often less ambitious and may be uncomfortable making decisions for others, and will seek work that fits their needs. This may help explain why younger children are easy to like jobs such as music, art, and writing. Later children may be good sellers because persuasion (劝说) may have been the only tool they had to deal with older children. Younger children tend to remain forever “the baby” enjoyable to be around, but at times too dependent on others. 1. What does the underlined word “overbearing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Trying to make other people obey without considering their ideas or feelings. B. Being unable to express what one really feels or like to listen to follow others’ ideas. C. liking depending on others and think others are right. D. Changing easily to adapt to new needs, conditions or ideas. 2. What might a younger child want to be according to the passage? A. A librarian. B. A doctor. C. A writer. D. A teacher. 3. Why may later children become good sellers? A. They feel uneasy when making decisions for other people. B. They are very good at persuading others. C. They have great wish to develop leadership. D. They are good at selling books and enjoying freedom. 4. What’s the best title for this passage? A. Which Is Better: Being the Eldest or the Youngest? B. Birth Order and Marriage C. The Relation Between Birth Order and Job Success D. Effects of Birth Order on One’s Personality 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了家庭中孩子的出生顺序会对他们的性格以及未来发展产生影响，并对不同顺序的孩子所具有的特点和未来从事的职业进行了详细说明。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Big brothers and sisters usually develop leadership early in life(大哥哥大姐姐通常在很小的时候就培养了领导能力)”可知，哥哥和姐姐通常在早期生活中就培养了领导能力；再根据划线词前的内容“The danger is that if the older child takes that role to an extreme (极限)(危险在于，如果年龄较大的孩子把这个角色发挥到极限)”和后面“who won’t listen to others because they think they are the leaders(不听别人的话，因为他们认为自己是领导者)”可知，如果年龄较大的孩子将“领导”这一角色发挥到极致，他们就可能会成为一个“不顾他人的想法和感受，试图让他人服从”的人。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This may help explain why younger children are easy to like jobs such as music, art, and writing.(这可能有助于解释为什么年龄较小的孩子容易喜欢音乐、美术和写作等工作)”可推知，年龄较小的孩子可能想要成为一位作家。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Later children may be good sellers because persuasion (劝说) may have been the only tool they had to deal with older children.(后生的孩子可能是很好的卖家，因为说服可能是他们对付大孩子的唯一工具)”可知，后出生的孩子可能会成为很好的卖家，因为他们非常善于说服别人。故选B项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。第一段第一句“As birth order (出生顺序) is clearly one of the many reasons that affect development, we should pay much attention to it.(由于出生顺序显然是影响发育的众多原因之一，我们应该多加注意)”提出文章主题，文章主要说明了家庭中孩子的出生顺序会对他们的性格以及未来发展产生影响，并对不同顺序出生的孩子所具有的特点和未来可能从事的职业进行了详细说明。由此可知，D项“出生顺序对一个人性格的影响”最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南郑州十校·期中） Have you ever played a computer game for a long time and then kept seeing the game’s images afterward? This happened to me with the classic shape-falling game Tetris (俄罗斯方块), created in 1985 by Alexey Pajitnov. Feeling stressed one evening, I turned on my switch to find a game to play and relax with. That’s when I discovered Tetris. Before I knew it, I was extremely interested. Even when I stopped, my brain was still playing, with the blocks falling in my mind. I started looking at objects in the real world and thinking about how they could be moved and stacked (堆叠) together. I even dreamed about Tetris. I was experiencing the common “Tetris effect”. Introduced by journalist Jeffrey Goldsmith in his 1994 Wired magazine article called This Is Your Brain on Tetris, the effect has been observed by psychologists (心理学家) and researchers. The lasting images of Tetris are due to the “Zeigarnik effect”, in which people have better memories of uncompleted tasks than those of completed ones. Tetris, being a game that technically never ends, keeps you thinking of the game’s unfinished task, reported Tech Times. And the pleasant music stays with you, too. There are also positives to the Tetris Effect. In his 1991 study, psychologist Richard Haier at the University of California found that continuously playing Tetris resulted in the thickness of the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) increasing, which improves brain function (功能), reported psychology website Practical Pie. Tetris has also been researched for use as a treatment for mental suffering. The Yale Scientific Magazine reported that researchers at John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, UK, found that playing Tetris appeared to reduce unpleasant memories in the short term for people affected by motor vehicle accidents. So, the next time you want to play a computer game, why not try the classic Tetris and see if it improves your brain function? But be warned, you’ll likely be seeing falling blocks everywhere. 1. What happened to the author after playing the game Tetris? A. He was relaxed completely. B. He was addicted to it ever since. C. He saw some falling blocks everywhere. D. He kept thinking about it even after it was over. 2. What can be learned about the “Tetris Effect” from the text? A. It was introduced by a researcher. B. It was caused by the game’s music. C. It is related to the way our memory works. D. It is common among computer game players. 3. What benefit can people get from continuously playing Tetris, according to Haier? A. Better brain function. B. Improving happiness. C. Reducing short memory. D. Comfort from bad experiences. 4. What do you think of the author in the last paragraph? A. Serious. B. Humorous. C. Worried. D. Surprised. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“俄罗斯方块效应”以及对大脑的影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Even when I stopped, my brain was still playing, with the blocks falling in my mind. (甚至当我停下来的时候，我的大脑还在玩，积木落在我的脑海里)”可知，作者在玩完《俄罗斯方块》后发现即使事情结束了，他还在想这件事。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The lasting images of Tetris are due to the “Zeigarnik effect”, in which people have better memories of uncompleted tasks than those of completed ones. (俄罗斯方块的持久形象是由于“蔡格尼克效应”，即人们对未完成任务的记忆比完成任务的记忆更好)”可知，“俄罗斯方块效应”与我们记忆的工作方式有关。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“In his 1991 study, psychologist Richard Haier at the University of California found that continuously playing Tetris resulted in the thickness of the cerebral cortex increasing, which improves brain function, reported psychology website Practical Pie. (据心理学网站Practical Pie报道，加州大学的心理学家理查德·海尔在1991年的研究中发现，持续玩俄罗斯方块会增加大脑皮层的厚度，从而改善大脑功能)”可知，根据海尔的说法，人们可以从持续玩俄罗斯方块中获得更好的大脑功能。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, the next time you want to play a computer game, why not try the classic Tetris and see if it improves your brain function? But be warned, you’ll likely be seeing falling blocks everywhere. (所以，下次你想玩电脑游戏的时候，为什么不试试经典的俄罗斯方块，看看它是否能改善你的大脑功能?但请注意，你可能会看到到处都是掉落的方块)”可知，最后一段作者很幽默。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南新未来·期中） Being able to run 26. 2 miles means you’ re in good health, right? Not exactly. We’ve already found some of the benefits (好处) of long-distance running, but now we’ll see the darker side of the marathon. Marathoners who die in training or on the race course usually make headlines because these tragedies seem so unusual — who could be in better health and less likely to die than a runner? At the age of 52, Jim Fixx, a celebrated runner, died in 1984. In this condition, the arteries (动脉) walls become thickened, causing less blood to flow through them. In 2007, 28-year-old Ryan Shay died while competing in the U. S. Olympic marathon trials. His death was caused by an irregular (不规则的) heartbeat. It’s obvious that running affects the heart, but did you know running can increase the size of the heart? Hearts can become bigger when an athlete is doing physical training. The body supply the increased amount of blood needed by increasing the size of the organ. After that the hearts can lead to irregular heartbeat, which can lead to heart failure. Some marathoners think their fitness level absolves them from health problems. This simply isn’t the case. Medical examinations can find the risk factors that kill and injure runners. There are ways to reduce your risk factors. Don’t think you can eat or drink whatever you want because running will burn off the calories — diets rich in fat can lead to heart problems. In addition to these life-threatening aspects of the sport, there are other sports injuries to be aware of. Most of these are overuse or over-training injuries that can be prevented by resting properly. While you should approach the sport with caution (谨慎) , you should also have fun running. 1. Why were the examples of Jim Fixx and Ryan Sha y given? A. To show the possible danger of the marathon. B. To take pity on their death. C. To tell the importance of regular exercise. D. To call on people not to exercise by themselves. 2. How does the heart manage to provide the increased need of blood? A. By beating faster. B. By enlarging itself. C. By beating more heavily. D. By working with other body parts. 3. What does the underlined word “absolves” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Shapes. B. Separates. C. Frees. D. Advises. 4. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A. Having a rest after injuries. B. Paying more attention to other injuries. C. Stopping running completely. D. Being careful and having fun running. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了马拉松这项运动的负面影响，包括可能导致的健康问题和其他运动损伤。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Marathoners who die in training or on the race course usually make headlines because these tragedies seem so unusual — who could be in better health and less likely to die than a runner? At the age of 52, Jim Fixx, a celebrated runner, died in 1984. In this condition, the arteries (动脉) walls become thickened, causing less blood to flow through them. In 2007, 28-year-old Ryan Shay died while competing in the U. S. Olympic marathon trials. His death was caused by an irregular (不规则的) heartbeat.(马拉松运动员在训练或比赛中死亡通常会成为头条新闻，因为这些悲剧看起来太不寻常了——谁能比跑步者更健康，更不容易死亡呢？著名跑步运动员吉姆·菲克斯于1984年去世，享年52岁。在这种情况下，动脉壁变厚，导致流经它们的血液减少。2007年，28岁的Ryan Shay在参加美国奥运会马拉松选拔赛时死亡。他死于心律不齐)”可知，举吉姆·菲克斯和瑞安·沙伊的例子是为了表明马拉松可能存在的危险。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Hearts can become bigger when an athlete is doing physical training. The body supply the increased amount of blood needed by increasing the size of the organ.(当运动员进行体育训练时，心脏会变得更大。身体通过增大器官的大小来供应所需的更多的血液)”可知，心脏通过扩大自身来满足不断增加的血液需求。故选B。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“them from health problems(……他们……健康问题)”以及“This simply isn’t the case. Medical examinations can find the risk factors that kill and injure runners.(事实并非如此。医学检查可以发现导致跑步者死亡和受伤的危险因素)”可知，划线词所在句提出了相反的事实，说明一些马拉松运动员认为他们的健康水平使他们免受健康问题的困扰。故划线词意思是“使……免于”。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In addition to these life-threatening aspects of the sport, there are other sports injuries to be aware of. Most of these are overuse or over-training injuries that can be prevented by resting properly. While you should approach the sport with caution (谨慎) , you should also have fun running.(除了这些运动中危及生命的方面，还有其他需要注意的运动损伤。这些大多是过度使用或过度训练造成的损伤，可以通过适当的休息来预防。虽然你应该谨慎地进行这项运动，但你也应该享受跑步的乐趣)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示了小心并享受跑步的乐趣。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南洛阳·期中） Different cultures have various festivals, but the joy and eagerness are the same. For us adults, celebrations are a way of taking a break from heavy work, re-live past memories, and keeping traditions alive, but what about children? Well, for our kids, this is the perfect time to learn and enrich their líves with knowledge. At festivals, I remember, I introduced the value and importance of personal connections and cultural treasure to my kids while they were having fun. Child experts strongly suggest that parents tell their kids various rituals (仪式) of the festivals and have them join in celebratory activities. I think every festival has a rich backstory, and every story has plenty of lessons and values to teach. Besides, historical and geographical background connected with festivals give reasons why we celebrate festivals with specific rituals. Kids need to have a deep-rooted understanding of the identity (身份) of their culture and traditions. Because this not only helps in developing a positive sense of identity but also pushes kids to connect with their cultures through rituals, native decorations, food, etc., to keep continuity over generations. Thus, parents should make kids a central part of all festivals. It is no secret that gifts bring joy and excitement to children. Every time I give gifts to my kids, I find the gifts excite their senses and make them feel valued. I must make my kids believe that their families care about their interests and desires. Thus, gifting is a meaningful way to express feelings to kids. What’s more, the act of giving and receiving gifts helps develop feelings of care and kindness. 1. What do festivals mean for children? A. A perfect time to have a rest. B. A chance to increase knowledge. C. A memory of their old days. D. An effort to protect traditions. 2. Why should kids be “a central part of all festivals”? A. They enjoy festival backstories. B. They love history and geography. C. They must know who they are. D. They can bring much happiness. 3. Who are the intended readers of the text? A. Kids. B. Teachers. C. Headmasters. D. Parents. 4. What is a suitable title of the passage? A. Importance of Festivals in Kids’ Life B. Parents' Role in Celebrating Festivals C. Benefits of Festival Rituals to Kids D. Principles of Kids' Love for Festivals 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了节日对于孩子们的重要意义，孩子们在节日中可以学到什么，并对给孩子们过节日提供了建议。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中“Well, for our kids, this is the perfect time to learn and enrich their líves with knowledge. (好吧，对于我们的孩子来说，这是学习和丰富知识的最佳时机。)”可知，节日对孩子们意味着增加知识的机会。故选B项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段中“Kids need to have a deep-rooted understanding of the identity (身份) of their culture and traditions. Because this not only helps in developing a positive sense of identity but also pushes kids to connect with their cultures through rituals, native decorations, food, etc., to keep continuity over generations. Thus, parents should make kids a central part of all festivals. (孩子们需要对自己的文化和传统有一个根深蒂固的理解。因为这不仅有助于培养积极的身份认同感，而且还促使孩子们通过仪式、本土装饰、食物等与他们的文化联系起来，以保持几代人的连续性。因此，父母应该让孩子成为所有节日的核心部分。)”可知，让孩子成为节日的中心是为了帮助他们了解自己的文化身份，知道自己是谁。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。由全文内容（多次提到parents），第二段中“Well, for our kids, this is the perfect time to learn and enrich their líves with knowledge. (好吧，对于我们的孩子来说，这是学习和丰富知识的最佳时机。)”和最后一段中“It is no secret that gifts bring joy and excitement to children. (礼物给孩子们带来快乐和兴奋，这已经不是什么秘密了。)”可知，本文意在指导父母如何通过节日教育孩子，因此目标读者是父母，故选D项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了节日对于孩子们的重要意义，孩子们在节日中可以学到什么，并对给孩子们过节日提供了建议，A项“节日在孩子生活中的重要性”适合做标题。故选A项。 Passage 5 （24-25高一上·河南项城·期中） It is difficult for a teacher to decide whether to allow students to listen to music in the classroom. Every time students need to write an essay or work on a problem, they say, “Can I put my headphones on? I think better that way.” But is that really true? Does music help concentrate? Research offers little to back up the idea that listening to music improves concentration. In one small study, 133 students performed reading tasks while listening to either light music, hip hop, or no music at all. Students who performed the reading tasks in silence scored the highest. Music with a higher intensity (强度) like hip hop was more distracting and had a bad effect on task performance. Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration. The type of music didn’t matter. Data from the study showed once again that silence was the best environment to improve concentration. However, music has a positive effect on work performance. Studies have showed that listening to music leads to positive changes in mood, as well as creativity. In fact, in music-listening cultures, which students are certainly part of, there’s actually a change in mood when the music is taken away. It’s hard to convince my students that music doesn’t help with their concentration. Taj, a senior told me, “I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. However, when I write, I feel like music helps me concentrate deeply. I don’t have writer’s block. It’s easy for me to put my words on paper.” “Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me. “You could actually be singing along with what you’re listening to and doing well in math.” 1. What does the underlined word “distracting” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Making it difficult for someone to concentrate. B. Causing great excitement. C. Making someone want to do something. D. Making someone feel frightened. 2. What can we learn from the small study? A. Students do well in reading tasks while listening to music. B. Music can’t improve people’s mood and creativity. C. Different types of music lead to different performances. D. The volume of music affects concentration. 3. What do Taj and Danela have in common? A. They believe music doesn’t help concentrate. B. They use music to help with their paper-writing. C. They can’t focus on reading while listening to music. D. They don’t listen to music while doing math problems. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Should Students Listen to Music? B. Does Music Help Concentration? C. Is Music Related to Reading? D. Can Music Change Mood? 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了听音乐是否有助于集中注意力的问题。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。 根据第二段第一句“Research offers little to back up the idea that listening to music improves concentration.(研究几乎没有提供什么支持听音乐可以提高注意力的观点)”可知，本段主要讨论听音乐是否能提高注意力，结合画线单词上文和下文“Music with a higher intensity (强度) like hip hop was more distracting had a greater negative effect on task performance and concentration.(高强度的音乐，如嘻哈音乐更distracting，对任务表现和注意力有更大的负面影响)”可知，高强度的音乐，如嘻哈音乐是不能提高注意力的，是使人分心的，所以划线单词“distracting”的意思是“使人分心的”，和A选项“Making it difficult for someone to concentrate.(让人难以集中注意力)”意思相近，故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第三段中的“The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration.(研究发现，音乐越响，注意力越差)”可知，音量会影响注意力，故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段中的“Taj, a senior told me “I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read.(Taj，一个高年级学生，他告诉我，“如果我听音乐并试图阅读，我会不能集中注意力”)”和最后一段中的““Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me.(Danela告诉我：“听音乐也许对阅读没有好处，但是当涉及到数学时，听音乐肯定有帮助。”)”可知，Taj和Danela的共同之处在于，他们在听音乐时，无法集中精力阅读，故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。 通读全文，尤其是第一段“It is difficult for a teacher to decide whether to allow students to listen to music in the classroom. Every time students need to write an essay or work on a problem, they say, “Can I put my headphones on? I think better that way.” But is that really true? Does music help concentrate?(老师很难决定是否允许学生在教室里听音乐。每次学生需要写文章或解决问题时，他们都会说：“我能戴上耳机吗？”我觉得这样更好。”但这是真的吗？音乐有助于集中注意力吗？)”可知，文章主要就听音乐是否有助于集中注意力进行了讨论，所以B项“Does Music Help Concentration?(音乐有助于集中注意力吗？)”适合做文章的标题，故选B。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南郑州宇华·期中） New research suggests that dogs might be able to help save diseased citrus trees. A group of scientists trained dogs to use their sense of smell to detect a crop disease called citrus-greening. The disease has affected orange, lemon and grapefruit trees in the American states of Florida, California and Texas. The dogs can detect the disease weeks to years before it appears on tree leaves and roots, the researchers report. A study on their findings was published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The report says using dogs is also faster, less costly and more exact than having people collect hundreds of leaves for lab analysis. Timothy Gottwald is a researcher with the U. S. Department of Agriculture and a co-writer of the study. He told The Associated Press, “This technology is thousands of years old-the dog’s nose. We’ve just trained dogs to hunt new prey.” Citrus-greening is caused by a bacteria (细菌) that is spread by a tiny insect that feeds on the leaves and stems of citrus trees. Once a tree is infected (感染), there is no cure. The disease has also hurt citrus crops in Central and South America and Asia. In one experiment involving grapefruit trees in Texas, trained dogs were correct 95 percent of the time in telling the difference between newly infected trees and healthy ones. “The earlier you detect a disease, the better chance you have at stopping an epidemic (流行病) by removing infected trees,” Gottwald said. Matteo Garbelotto studies plants at the University of California, Berkeley. He says the new research shows that dogs can detect an infection well before current methods. Garbelotto has been involved in similar research but had no part in the new study. Laura Sims is a plant scientist with Louisiana Tech University. She praised the steps taken to find out if the dogs were detecting the bacteria itself or a plant’s reaction to an infection. To do that, the researchers infected different kinds of unrelated plants with the bacteria in a laboratory. The dogs were still able to pick out the infected plants. Gottwald said, “You’ve seen dogs working in airports, detecting drugs and explosives. Maybe soon you will see them working on more farms. ” 1. According to the research, trained dogs can ________. A. help infected trees recover from diseases B. recognize a crop disease in its early stage C. cause fruit trees to grow faster than usual D. reduce the cost of planting some fruit trees 2. What does the underlined part “new prey” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Infected plants. B. Fruit trees. C. Tiny insects. D. Favourite foods. 3. Why did the researchers do experiments on unrelated plants? A. To further prove the findings. B. To explore the plant diseases. C. To present different opinions. D. To discover a plant’s reactions. 4. How does Gottwald feel about the future use of this new method? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Curious. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了受过训练的狗狗能嗅到影响柑橘树的作物病害，这也许能够帮助拯救患病的柑橘树。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The dogs can detect the disease weeks to years before it appears on tree leaves and roots, the researchers report. (研究人员报告称，在这种病害出现在树叶和树根部数周甚至数年之前，狗狗就可以探测到它。)”可知，受过训练狗狗可以在农作物疾病的早期就将其识别出来。故选B项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“A group of scientists trained dogs to use their sense of smell to detect a crop disease called citrus-greening. (一群科学家训练狗狗利用它们的嗅觉来检测一种叫做柑橘绿病的农作物疾病。)”和第五段中“Citrus-greening is caused by a bacteria (细菌) that is spread by a tiny insect that feeds on the leaves and stems of citrus trees. Once a tree is infected (感染), there is no cure. (柑橘变绿是由一种微小昆虫传播的细菌引起的，这种昆虫以柑橘树的叶子和茎为食。一旦树被感染，就没有治愈的方法。)”由用受过训练的狗狗可以找出患病的农作物，可知，划线词new prey指的是“受感染的植物”。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“She praised the steps taken to find out if the dogs were detecting the bacteria itself or a plant’s reaction to an infection. To do that, the researchers infected different kinds of unrelated plants with the bacteria in a laboratory. The dogs were still able to pick out the infected plants. (她对为证明狗狗是否可以检测该种病菌以及检测植物对感染的反应所采取的步骤表示赞同。为了做到这一点，研究人员在实验室里用细菌感染了不同种类的无关植物。这些狗仍然能够分辨出受感染的植物。)”可知，研究人员要在无关的植物上做实验是进一步证明这些发现。故选A项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Gottwald said, “You’ve seen dogs working in airports, detecting drugs and explosives. Maybe soon you will see them working on more farms. ”(Gottwald：“你见过在机场工作，在探测毒品和炸药的狗狗。也许很快你就会看到它们更多的在农场工作。”)”可知，Gottwald对这种新方法的未来应用是积极的。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南罗山·期中） How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment? In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, the desert elephant does just that. Although not regarded as a separate species from the African elephant, the desert cousin differs in many ways. Their bodies are smaller, to absorb less heat, and their feet are larger for easier walking across sandy surfaces. They are taller, to reach higher branches. They have shorter tusks (象牙), and most importantly, longer trunks to dig for water in riverbeds. Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes, and have a larger group of families. They drink only every 3-4 days, and can store water in a “bag” at the back of their throat, which is only used when badly needed. Desert elephants are careful feeders---they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. Young elephants may even eat the dung (粪便) of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage. During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly. Desert elephants have sand baths, sometimes adding their own urine (尿液) to make them muddy! As we continue to overheat our weak planet, it can only be hoped that other animal species will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert elephant. 1. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means “_____”. A. remains in the African countries B. drinks 120 liters of water a day C. manages to live in desert areas D. eats 150 kilograms of food daily 2. Desert elephants are called careful feeders because they _____. A. rarely ruin trees B. drink only every 3-4 days C. search for food in large groups D. protect food sources for their young 3. The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with _____. A. stories and explanation B. facts and descriptions C. examples and conclusion D. evidence and argument 4. What can be inferred from the last sentence in the passage? A. Overheating the earth can be stopped. B. Not all animal species are so adaptable. C. The planet will become hotter and hotter. D. Not all animals are as smart as desert elephants. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是沙漠象的生活习性。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。that表示远指，根据第一段的“How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment?(一个体重超过5吨的生物，每天需要摄入150公斤的食物和120公升的水，如何才能在沙漠环境中生存?)”可知，does just that中的that代指第一段中“survive in a desert environment(在沙漠环境中生存)”，因此划线部分的意思是“设法生活在沙漠地区”，即manages to live in desert areas，故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Desert elephants are careful feeders---they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available.(沙漠大象是细心的喂食者——它们很少连根拔起树木，折断的树枝也更少，因此维持着有限的食物来源。)”可知，沙漠象被称为细心的饲养者，因为它们很少破坏树木，故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，本文第一段“How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment?(一个体重超过5吨的生物，每天需要摄入150公斤的食物和120公升的水，如何才能在沙漠环境中生存?)”提出问题，第二段“In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, the desert elephant does just that.(在非洲西南部国家纳米比亚，以及更北的马里的撒哈拉沙漠地区，沙漠象正是这样做的。)”举出沙漠象这个物种，根据第三段的“Their bodies are smaller, to absorb less heat, and their feet are larger for easier walking across sandy surfaces. They are taller, to reach higher branches. They have shorter tusks (象牙), and most importantly, longer trunks to dig for water in riverbeds.(他们的身体更小，吸收的热量更少，他们的脚更大，更容易在沙地上行走。它们更高，可以攀到更高的树枝。它们有较短的象牙，最重要的是，它们有较长的树干，可以在河床中挖水。)”可知，第三段和第四段主要描述了沙漠象的生活习性，因此作者用事实和描述回答了第一段中提出的问题。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“As we continue to overheat our weak planet, it can only be hoped that other animal species will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert elephant.(随着我们继续使我们脆弱的星球过热，我们只能希望其他动物物种能像沙漠象一样非常好地适应变化。)”可推断出其他动物不如沙漠象能适应气候变化，也就是并不是所有的动物物种都有这样的适应性。故选B。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南南阳六校·期中） Gustavo Dudamel comes back for another show. It’s the first night for the Los Angeles Philharmonic in California. When people see the conductor, the noise inside the Walt Disney Concert Hall gets louder. Dudamel walks to the stage and raises his head and arms. The group starts playing the Star Wars theme. At the end, people all jump up. It’s the kind of response you’d see at a concert by Taylor Swift, a very popular pop singer. Dudamel says later that music is not just for fun. It brings us together even if we come in feeling very different. Under Dudamel’s leadership, the Los Angeles Philharmonic has spread the uniting power of music across differences in money, class, color and age. And its Youth Orchestra Los Angeles (YOLA) has worked with more than 1,500 kids, giving them instruments and lessons so they can perform. Dudamel grew up in a working- class family in Venezuela. His mom was a singing teacher. His dad played in a band. But what was more important for Dudamel’s music al growth was El Sistema, Venezuela’s national classical music education and performance program for poor kids. Dudamel joined when he was 5. It was El Sistema that gave him a violin three years later. The YOLA program started in 2007, after Dudamel showed El Sistema’s work in Venezuela to members of the Los Angeles Philharmonic organization. The roots (根) Dudamel put down in Los Angeles have spread far beyond Disney Hall. In October 2021, the Beckmen YOLA Center opened its doors in Inglewood, California. The former bank building had been turned into a place for lessons, recording and performance. Dudamel remembers someone once said: The young musicians shouldn’t be satisfied with a program that is just “good enough”. They should be given the best instruments, the best teachers, and the most inspiring places to grow and do well. 1. Why is Taylor Swift mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To show Dudamel’s popularity. B. To lead in the topic to discuss. C. To explain the difficulty in conducting. D. To compare the differences between Taylor Swift and Dudamel. 2. What is the purpose of YOLA? A. To offer chances to adult musicians. B. To get the youth of different backgrounds together. C. To provide musical education for the young. D. To help schools with music lessons. 3. What helps most in Dudamel’s musical development? A. His parents’ experience. B. His natural ability in music. C. The YOLA program’s support. D. His study in El Sistema. 4. What can be learned from paragraph 4? A. The YOLA program has achieved more than expected. B. The bank building was perfect for performance. C. The Disney Hall cannot hold all of the YOLA members. D. California needs more support for young musicians. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了著名指挥家古斯塔沃•杜达梅尔的音乐事业和他对音乐的热爱以及他在洛杉矶爱乐乐团和YOLA计划中的贡献。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“When people see the conductor, the noise inside the Walt Disney Concert Hall gets louder. Dudamel walks to the stage and raises his head and arms. The group starts playing the Star Wars theme. At the end, people all jump up. It’s the kind of response you’d see at a concert by Taylor Swift, a very popular pop singer. (当人们看到指挥时，迪斯尼音乐厅里的噪音变得更大。杜达梅尔走到舞台上，抬起头和手臂。乐队开始演奏《星球大战》的主题曲。最后，大家都跳起来。这是你在非常受欢迎的流行歌手泰勒·斯威夫特的演唱会上看到的那种回应。)”可知，作者提到泰勒•斯威夫特是为了展示观众对杜达梅尔的反应与对泰勒•斯威夫特这种流行歌手的反应类似，从而体现出杜达梅尔的受欢迎程度，故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Under Dudamel’s leadership, the Los Angeles Philharmonic has spread the uniting power of music across differences in money, class, color and age. And its Youth Orchestra Los Angeles(YOLA) has worked with more than 1,500 kids, giving them instruments and lessons so they can perform. (在杜达梅尔的领导下，洛杉矶爱乐乐团跨越了金钱、阶级、肤色和年龄的差异，传播了音乐的团结力量。它的洛杉矶青年管弦乐团已经与1500多名孩子合作，为他们提供乐器和课程，以便他们能够表演。)”可知，YOLA的目的是为年轻人提供音乐教育。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“But what was more important for Dudamel’s music al growth was El Sistema, Venezuela’s national classical music education and performance program for poor kids. Dudamel joined when he was 5. It was El Sistema that gave him a violin three years later. (但对杜达梅尔的音乐成长更重要的是委内瑞拉为贫困儿童提供的国家古典音乐教育和表演项目El Sistema。杜达梅尔5岁时加入。三年后，是El Sistema给了他一把小提琴。)”可知，对杜达梅尔的音乐发展帮助最大的是他在El Sistema的学习，故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The YOLA program started in 2007, after Dudamel showed El Sistema’s work in Venezuela to members of the Los Angeles Philharmonic organization. The roots (根) Dudamel put down in Los Angeles have spread far beyond Disney Hall. In October 2021, the Beckmen YOLA Center opened its doors in Inglewood, California. (YOLA项目始于2007年，当时杜达梅尔向洛杉矶爱乐乐团的成员展示了El Sistema在委内瑞拉的作品。杜达梅尔在洛杉矶的根基已经远远超出了迪士尼大厅。2021年10月，贝克曼YOLA中心在加利福尼亚州英格伍德开业。)” 可知，YOLA计划已经在洛杉矶生根发芽，并且超出了迪士尼音乐厅的范围，在加利福尼亚州英格尔伍德开设了新的中心，这说明YOLA计划取得了比预期更多的成就，故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南南阳六校·期中） More than a billion young people across the world don’t have an Internet connection. That fact is holding back global (全球的) change, says the World Wide Web inventor, Sir Tim Berners-Lee. In a letter he has written for the Web’s 32nd birthday today, Sir Tim is calling for a global push to connect all young people safely to the Internet. Sir Tim’s letter replies to a report from United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) at the end of last year, which showed two- thirds of the world’s school- age children-1.3 billion children aged 3 to 17-don’t have an Internet connection in their homes. The fear is that this not enough Internet access (机会) could cost them their futures by separating them from the world, and keeping education out of reach. UNICEF says a digital divide means children and young people from the poorest families and countries are missing out. And it is concerned that these children are falling even further behind other children, with very little opportunity to catch up. Today’s letter, published by Sir Tim and Rosemary Leith from the Web Foundation, stresses young leaders who are using digital technology to tackle some of the world’s problems like inequality, environmental issues and other global challenges. But Rosemary says these opportunities need to be open to all: “If half of young people are unable to use the tools to develop in a digital world-to learn new skills, run businesses, and build communities-society as a whole will miss out on their abilities, ideas and efforts.” Sir Tim is also calling on tech companies and governments to work on ways to protect young people from harm online and make young people’s rights and well- being a top priority (优先事项). 1. How does Sir Tim find the fact that many young people live without the Internet? A. Worrying. B. Satisfying. C. Strange. D. Acceptable. 2. What is UNICEF worried about? A. The slow development of the Internet. B. The high cost of Internet connect ion for common families. C. The influence of the digital products on children’s health. D. The widening differences in digital access between the poor and the rich. 3. What does the underlined word “tackle” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Check. B. Record. C. Understand. D. Solve. 4. What do Rosemary’s words show? A. Digital tools should be used in educating students. B. The abilities and ideas of young people will benefit society. C. Digital tools are the most important in learning new skills. D. Internet support should be seriously considered by the government. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了万维网发明者蒂姆·伯纳斯-李针对全球三分之一学龄儿童无法在家上网这一问题，呼吁全球共同推动所有年轻人安全上网，并强调数字技术对于解决全球问题的重要性，同时要求科技公司和政府优先保护年轻人免受网络伤害。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In a letter he has written for the Web’s 32nd birthday today, Sir Tim is calling for a global push to connect all young people safely to the Internet. (今天，蒂姆爵士为互联网32岁生日写了一封信，他呼吁全球推动所有年轻人安全上网。)”可知，蒂姆爵士认为许多年轻人没有互联网的生活是令人担忧的。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“UNICEF says a digital divide means children and young people from the poorest families and countries are missing out. And it is concerned that these children are falling even further behind other children, with very little opportunity to catch up. (联合国儿童基金会表示，数字鸿沟意味着来自最贫困家庭和国家的儿童和年轻人被排除在外。令人担忧的是，这些孩子比其他孩子落后得更远，几乎没有机会赶上来。)”可知，联合国儿童基金会担心的是穷人和富人在数字接入方面的差距越来越大，故选D。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“stresses young leaders who are using digital technology to (强调了利用数字技术……的年轻领导)”以及后文“some of the world’s problems like inequality, environmental issues and other global challenges (世界上的一些问题，如不平等、环境问题和其他全球性挑战)”可知，发表的信中主要强调利用数字技术解决世界问题的年轻领导。故划线词意思是“处理”，故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“But Rosemary says these opportunities need to be open to all: “If half of young people are unable to use the tools to develop in a digital world-to learn new skills, run businesses, and build communities-society as a whole will miss out on their abilities, ideas and efforts.” (但罗斯玛丽说，这些机会需要向所有人开放：“如果一半的年轻人不能使用这些工具在数字世界中发展——学习新技能、经营企业和建立社区——整个社会将错过他们的能力、想法和努力。”)”可知，罗兹玛丽的话表明年轻人的能力和想法将造福社会，故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南南阳一中·期中） Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress (要塞), but usually fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king in mind. When it comes to structures that are both beautiful and defensive, the European castle is a big success. Castles were originally built in England by the Normans in 1066. They built towers and walls to secure the land they had taken. These castles provided the Normans with a quiet and safe place. They also served as bases of operation for attacks. In this way castles served both defensive and offensive roles. Besides, castles served as offices for governors. Those that were socially beneath the governor would come to report affairs and express their respect. They would address problems, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities in castles. So castles served as social centers as well. The first castles were made from earth and wood, and they were likely to suffer from attacks by fire. Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of these towers and walls. However, attackers could throw flaming objects into castles through the windows or burn the wooden doors. This led to moving the windows and entrances off the ground floor and up to the first floor to make them more difficult to access. During the Middle Ages, attacks increased in regularity, so castle defenses were updated. Arrow-slits were added. They were small holes in the castle, which allowed defenders to fire without being hurt. Towers were built from which defenders could provide fire on both sides. The towers were connected to the castle by wooden bridges, so that if one tower fell, the rest of the castle was still easy to defend. A lot of rings of castle walls were constructed, so that even if attackers went past one wall, they would be caught on a killing ground between inner and outer walls. All of these increased the defense of castles. The end of castles can be attributed (归因于) to gunpowder. During the 15th century, artillery (炮), a kind of large guns, became powerful enough to break through stone walls. This greatly made the role of castles less effective. Though castles no longer serve their original purposes, remaining castles receive millions of visitors each year who wish to experience the situations of ancient times. 1. How does the author introduces the topic of the text? A. By making a guess. B. By making a comparison. C. By giving an example. D. By providing data. 2. Why were wooden castles replaced by stone castles? A. Because stone castles cost less money. B. Because stone castles offered better defense. C. Because wooden castles were uncomfortable. D. Because wooden castles took a long time to build. 3. Which of the following showed an improvement in castle defenses? A. Castles were totally separated by stones. B. Arrow- slits were made in large quantities. C. Rings of walls were built to defend the towers. D. Windows and entrances were moved to the higher floor. 4. What is the best title of the passage? A. Fancy Living: Learning about Castles B. Normans: Bringing Castles to England C. A History of Castles: The Rise and Fall of Castles D. Defending Castles: Technologies Used to Defend Castles 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述城堡的历史和兴衰。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress (要塞), but usually fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king in mind. When it comes to structures that are both beautiful and defensive, the European castle is a big success.(宫殿以其美丽和辉煌而闻名，但它们几乎无法抵御攻击。保卫要塞很容易，但通常要塞的设计并没有考虑到国王的舒适。说到既美观又具有防御能力的建筑，欧洲城堡是一个巨大的成功)”可推知，作者先对比了宫殿和要塞，说明了两者各自的优缺点，再引出即既美观又具有防御能力的城堡，即文章的话题。故选B项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of these towers and walls.(后来，木制城堡逐渐被石头取代，这大大提高了这些塔和墙的强度)”可推知，木头城堡被石头城堡取代的原因是石头城堡提供了更好的防御。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, attackers could throw flaming objects into castles through the windows or burn the wooden doors. This led to moving the windows and entrances off the ground floor and up to the first floor to make them more difficult to access.(然而，攻击者可以通过窗户向城堡投掷燃烧的物体或烧毁木门。这导致将窗户和入口从一楼移到二楼，使它们更难以进入)”可知，窗户和入口被移到较高的楼层表明城堡防御的改善。故选D项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段最后一句“When it comes to structures that are both beautiful and defensive, the European castle is a big success.(当谈到既美观又防御性的建筑时，欧洲城堡是一个巨大的成功)”和最后一段中“The end of castles can be attributed to gunpowder(城堡的灭亡可以归因于火药)”可知，本文讲述的是城堡的兴衰，故“A History of Castles: The Rise and Fall of Castles (城堡的历史：城堡的兴衰)”是最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南潢川·期中） A Japanese city is using AI (人工智能) to help with the problem of kids not wanting to go to school. They look at students’ information to see who might stop coming because of worries, being bullied (欺凌), or other problems. In a city near Tokyo, they tested an Al system for a year. They wanted to help teachers find students who are having a hard time. In Japan, more and more kids are not going to school for a long time. In 2022, almost 300,000 kids didn’t go to school for 30 days or more. The AI system looks at things like how often kids go to school, how well they do in school, and if they are healthy. It also looks at if they visit the school nurse a lot or if there are reports about them being bullied. The system then uses past data (数据) to see how likely it is that a student will stop going to school. It gives each student a color, from red (highest risk) to yellow (lowest risk). In the test, the program said 1,193 students were at high risk. Teachers decided that 265 of them needed help right away. To keep kids’ information safe, the city made rules about how to use the data and not to treat students unfairly because of the AI’s predictions (预测). They also told parents they could say no to using their kids’ data. Only important people in the school, like headmasters, could see the results. “By using real information, we might be able to stop kids from not wanting to go to school,” said Makiko Nakamuro, a professor from Keio University and an expert on education. “But we have to think really hard about keeping their data safe by telling them clearly why and how we use their information,” she also said. 1. What is the main purpose of using AI in the Japanese city? A. To improve students’ scores. B. To study students’ health conditions. C. To make bullying problems happen less in schools. D. To find students at risk of not attending school. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The job of school nurses. B. How the AI system checks kids’ health. C. The main focus of the AI system. D. Why students need better education. 3. How did the city protect students’ information? A. Make strict rules about data using. B. Hide all the data after testing. C. Give up using their real information. D. Send the result only to their parents. 4. What is Makiko Nakamuro’s attitude towards the AI system? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Anxious. D. Confused. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了日本一座城市如何使用人工智能来帮助解决孩子们不想上学的问题。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A Japanese city is using AI (人工智能) to help with the problem of kids not wanting to go to school. They look at students’ information to see who might stop coming because of worries, being bullied (欺凌), or other problems.(日本一座城市正在使用人工智能来帮助解决孩子们不想上学的问题。他们查看学生的信息，看看谁可能会因为担心、被欺负或其他问题而停止来上学)”可知，日本城市使用人工智能的主要目的是为了帮助解决孩子们不想上学的问题，发现有失学风险的学生。故选D。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The AI system looks at things like how often kids go to school, how well they do in school, and if they are healthy. It also looks at if they visit the school nurse a lot or if there are reports about them being bullied.(人工智能系统着眼于孩子们上学的频率、他们在学校的表现以及他们是否健康。它还会查看他们是否经常去学校护士那里，或者是否有关于他们被欺负的报道)”可知，第三段详细介绍了AI系统分析的数据类型，包括学生的出勤率、学业成绩、健康状况、访问校医的频率以及是否有被欺凌的报告。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了人工智能系统关注哪些信息。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段的“To keep kids’ information safe, the city made rules about how to use the data and not to treat students unfairly because of the AI’s predictions (预测).(为了保护孩子们的信息安全，该市制定了关于如何使用数据的规则，并确保不会因为AI的预测而对学生不公平对待)”可知，该市通过制定严格的数据使用规则来保护学生信息。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的““By using real information, we might be able to stop kids from not wanting to go to school,” said Makiko Nakamuro, a professor from Keio University and an expert on education.(“通过使用真实信息，我们或许能够阻止孩子们不愿意上学的问题，”来自庆应义塾大学的教育专家Makiko Nakamuro教授说道)”可知，Makiko Nakamuro认为通过使用真实的信息，我们可能能够阻止孩子们不想上学，由此可推知，Makiko Nakamuro对人工智能系统的态度是支持的。故选B。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南南阳一中·期中） Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,0000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A. They must run long distances. B. They have to follow special rules. C. They are qualified for the marathon. D. They are good at swinging their legs. 2. What advantage dose race walking have over running? A. It’s less challenging physically. B. It’s more popular at the Olympics. C. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. D. It’s more effective in body building. 3. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Doing regular exercises. B. Having a medical checkup. C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Getting experts’ opinions. 4. Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking? A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Tolerant. D. Supportive. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the legs wing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”（但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的全部时间都保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。）可知，竞走运动员之所以有条件要求是因为运动员需要遵守某些特殊的运动规则。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”（一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者膝盖部分的损伤，这种膝盖损伤在竞走者中并不常见。）可知，竞走与跑步相比，它的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique.”（事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。）可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选D项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”（研究表明,竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题）。由此作者既提及了竞走的优势，又话锋一转指出它具有问题，可以判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南南阳·期中） For many of the runners, “slow” is a four-letter word. However, in the last year or two, slow running has become “A Thing”, backed not just by wellness experts, but also by a growing number of coaches, amateur runners and exercise scientists, too. The idea is that going slow could be a fast way to enjoy the benefits of exercise. Slow running is usually defined as a pace at which you can comfortably hold a conversation. It is “zone 2 exercise” in sports science and it’s a physiological (生理学的) sweet spot that can improve and extend your life. Researchers in Copenhagen made a surprising discovery that the light and moderate joggers had a lower death rate than either the non-runners or the hard runners. What makes the unhurried approach so healthful? “Slow running helps reduce resting blood pressure and promotes a stronger heart,” says Prof Dan Gordon, an exercise physiologist. Besides improving heart strength and pumping capacity, slow running boosts health at the molecular level, fends off metabolic disease by improving your insulin resistance and encourages your body to use fat for energy. Slow runners also recover faster and are less likely to suffer tiredness or overtraining injuries. They’re more likely to feel good. “There are huge positives for emotional health,” Gordon says. “And then there’s the social aspect — with slow running, you can actually have a conversation!” Gordon believes promoting slow running might encourage more people to exercise regularly, partly because there’s no performance pressure and partly because you can do it with friends. “If you aim to get people physically fit, doing it in a group is the best way,” Gordon says. “You have that sense of encouragement.” Researches show even professional runners sometimes take part in slow running to build their aerobic base (有氧基础), enhancing their heart’s ability and enabling them to run farther and faster with less effort. 1. What is mainly talked about slow running in paragraph 2? A. Its popularity. B. Its definition. C. Its importance. D. Its advantage. 2. What do the underlined words in paragraph 4 mean? A. Adapts to. B. Suffers from. C. Fights against. D. Arises from. 3. Why does Gordon think slow running might encourage regular exercise? A. It is convenient for runners to prepare for it. B. It is less stressful and can be done with friends. C. It develops the skills in building relationships. D. It aims to make sure of people’s physical fitness. 4. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Slow running benefits professional runners. B. Slow running means a long-distance running. C. Slow running is a relief for exhausted runners. D. Slow running is suitable for runners of all ages. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了慢跑的优点和好处，指出慢跑是一种舒适的锻炼方式，可以提高健康水平，减少受伤风险，对情绪健康也有积极影响，并鼓励更多人通过慢跑进行规律锻炼。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Slow running is usually defined as a pace at which you can comfortably hold a conversation.(慢跑通常被定义为一种你可以舒适地交谈的速度)”可知，第二段主要讲述了慢跑的定义，即一种可以舒适交谈的速度。故选B。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Besides improving heart strength and pumping capacity, slow running boosts health at the molecular level(除了改善心脏力量和泵血能力外，慢跑还在分子水平上促进健康)”和下文“and encourages your body to use fat for energy.(并鼓励身体使用脂肪作为能量)”可知，划线词所在的句子意思为“通过提高胰岛素敏感性来对抗代谢性疾病”，fends off的意思是“对抗、防止”，与选项C“Fights against”相符。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Gordon believes promoting slow running might encourage more people to exercise regularly, partly because there’s no performance pressure and partly because you can do it with friends.(Gordon认为推广慢跑可能会鼓励更多人进行规律锻炼，部分原因是没有成绩压力，部分原因是可以和朋友一起做)”可知，Gordon认为慢跑可以鼓励规律锻炼的原因是它没有成绩压力，并且可以和朋友一起做。这与选项B“它压力较小，可以和朋友一起做”相符。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Researches show even professional runners sometimes take part in slow running to build their aerobic base (有氧基础), enhancing their heart’s ability and enabling them to run farther and faster with less effort.(研究表明，即使是专业跑者有时也会参加慢跑来建立他们的有氧基础，增强心脏能力，使他们能够用更少的努力跑得更远、更快)”可知，最后一段告诉我们，慢跑对专业跑者也有好处，可以帮助他们建立有氧基础，增强心脏能力，提高跑步效率。因此，慢跑对专业跑者有益。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南洛阳·期中） Yoga is well known for helping to improve balance and flexibility and for achieving calm and relaxation. But when it comes to weight loss, many people think that other types of exercise, like cardio (心脏) or strength training, will be more helpful. Recent research shows that doing yoga long term not only can help people lose weight but also can strengthen cognitive (认知的) skills to help keep it off. Jessica Unick, a professor at Brown University and The Miriam Hospital’s Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, led a multiyear study beginning in 2019 that was the first of its kind to examine the possibility of yoga for weight loss maintenance (保持). In the study, 60 overweight women were in a 12-week behavioral weight loss program in which their calorie intake were limited and they set exercise goals and were taught behavioral strategies for losing weight. After the 12 weeks, they received either 12 weeks of yoga classes or 12 weeks of cooking education classes. “Our findings, although in an early age, suggest that yoga may help to improve long-term weight loss through improvements in some ways like mindfulness,” Unick says. “For example, if someone experiences improvements in mindfulness, they may be less likely to ‘mindlessly’ eat in response to feelings such as boredom, stress, anger and other situations like the presence of tasty foods, rather than eating only when hungry.” A 2021 study found no difference in weight loss totals for participants practicing a gentle hatha yoga and a more vigorous vinyasa type of yoga. Most of the studies support the idea that there’s no one style of yoga that’s best for weight loss. “Finally, the best yoga is the practice that fits for you,” says Sherwin. “There are now many styles of yoga that meet you where you are no matter what your size, age, physical challenge or background. Everybody can benefit from a yoga practice.” 1. What’s the feature of Unick’s research? A. It shows yoga can help achieve calm and relaxation. B. It proves yoga can help improve balance and flexibility. C. It examines the ability of yoga for weight loss maintenance. D. It lasts for more than one year and focus on long-term effects. 2. When will people who achieve mindfulness through yoga take in food? A. When they’re hungry. B. When they’re angry. C. When they suffer boredom. D. When they have much stress. 3. What does the underlined word “vigorous” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Achievable. B. Dynamic. C. Flexible. D. Calm. 4. What’s the result of the study in 2021? A. Doing yoga is a physical challenge. B. Hatha yoga is better than vinyasa yoga. C. Everyone can do yoga whoever they are. D. All styles of yoga are good for weight loss. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明长期做瑜伽不仅可以帮助人们减肥，还可以增强认知技能，帮助保持体重，无论谁都可以从瑜伽中受益。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段中“Jessica Unick, a professor at Brown University and The Miriam Hospital’s Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, led a multiyear study beginning in 2019 that was the first of its kind to examine the possibility of yoga for weight loss maintenance (保持). (布朗大学和米里亚姆医院体重控制和糖尿病研究中心的杰西卡·尤尼克教授从2019年开始领导了一项为期多年的研究，这是首次检验瑜伽在保持减肥方面的潜力)”可知，Unick的研究的特点在于它检验了瑜伽维持减肥的能力。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段中“For example, if someone experiences improvements in mindfulness, they may be less likely to ‘mindlessly’ eat in response to feelings such as boredom, stress, anger and other situations like the presence of tasty foods, rather than eating only when hungry.(例如，如果有人在正念方面有所改善，他们可能不太可能为了应对无聊、压力、愤怒和其他情况（如美味食物的存在）而‘无意识地’进食，而不是只在饥饿时进食)”可知，通过瑜伽达到正念的人会在他们饿的时候进食。故选A项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。由第四段中“A 2021 study found no difference in weight loss totals for participants practicing a gentle hatha yoga and a more vigorous vinyasa type of yoga. (2021年的一项研究发现，练习温和的哈他瑜伽和更vigorous维尼亚瑜伽的参与者的减肥总量没有差异)”可知，根据上下文对比“a gentle hatha yoga”和“a more vigorous vinyasa type of yoga”，可以推测“vigorous”意义与“gentle”相对，为“dynamic (有活力的)”。故选B项。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。由最后一段中“There are now many styles of yoga that meet you where you are no matter what your size, age, physical challenge or background. Everybody and every body can benefit from a yoga practice. (现在，无论你的体型、年龄、身体挑战或背景如何，都有许多瑜伽风格适合你。每个人和每个躯体都可以从瑜伽练习中受益)”可知，每个人都可以做瑜伽，不管他们是谁。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南九师联盟·期中） Exercising for just 15 minutes a day can greatly improve fitness, energy, health and sleep, according to a study from Australia. In this study, 11,575 workers participated (参与) in a workplace wellness program called the 15 Minute Challenge. Lead researcher Ben Singh explained, “We showed that as little as 15 minutes of physical activity per day can make a big difference in people’s health.” After six weeks of the program, 36 percent of the participants met their activity goals and 56 percent did even better. The participants reported improvements in various areas: 14 percent said they had increased fitness, 12 percent showed improvements in energy, and 8 percent said they got better sleep. The U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) suggests that adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (中等强度) exercise each week, along with muscle-strengthening activities. However, the HHS’s 2018 report noted that nearly 80 percent of U. S. adults did not meet the national guidelines, leading to high health care costs. On average, those who took part in the 15 Minute Challenge increased their physical activity levels by 85 minutes per week and exercised for about 45 minutes per day — three times what the challenge required. “The15-minute goal is an easy starting point, especially for people who are not very active,” said Singh. “It helps people build the habit of regular exercise.” Professor Carol Maher, a co-researcher, noted that the program was so successful because it made exercise fun. “Encouraging your teammates through friendly competition is central to the program, and a key part of what makes participants stay connected,” she said. Singh highlighted the importance of promoting (推广) physical activity in workplaces, where many adults spend a lot of time. “Physically active workers are happier, healthier, and more productive,” he said. “Programs like the 15 Minute Challenge should be part of every company’s schedule.” 1. Which word best describes the result of the fitness program? A. Unfair. B. Incorrect. C. Stressful. D. Satisfying. 2. Which is the percentage of the participants reporting better sleep? A. 8%. B. 12%. C. 14%. D. 36%. 3. What can we know about the fitness program from Maher’s words? A. It breaks a general rule. B. It sees unfair competition. C. It values exercise in groups. D. It aims for a close friendship. 4. What does Singh think of promoting physical activity in workplaces? A. It shortens office hours. B. It is a win-win situation. C. It is a difficult decision. D. It increases medical costs. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的一项研究表明，每天仅运动15分钟对身体大有裨益。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“After six weeks of the program, 36 percent of the participants met their activity goals and 56 percent did even better. (六周后，36%的参与者达到了他们的运动目标，56%的人做得更好)”可知，此次健身活动的结果令人满意。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The participants reported improvements in various areas: 14 percent said they had increased fitness, 12 percent showed improvements in energy, and 8 percent said they got better sleep. (参与者报告说他们在各个方面都有所改善：14%的人说他们的健康状况有所改善，12%的人说他们的精力有所改善，8%的人说他们的睡眠质量有所改善)”可知，此次健身活动中，8%的参与者表示睡眠质量提高了。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Encouraging your teammates through friendly competition is central to the program, and a key part of what makes participants stay connected,” she said. (她说：“通过友好竞争来鼓励你的队友是这个项目的核心，也是让参与者保持联系的关键部分。”)”可推断，此次健身活动重视集体锻炼。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““Physically active workers are happier, healthier, and more productive,” he said. “Programs like the 15 Minute Challenge should be part of every company’s schedule.”(“积极锻炼身体的员工更快乐、更健康、工作效率更高。”他说，“像‘15分钟挑战’这样的项目应该成为每家公司计划的一部分。”)”可推断，Singh认为在工作场所推广健身活动是一个双赢的局面。故选B。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南封丘期中） Heat waves don’t just make bumblebees (大黄蜂) hot. High temperatures also seem to seriously reduce their sense of smell, which can be very bad for their survival. For bumblebees, being able to smell flowers is a matter of life or death because it helps them find food. Bumblebees are already known to suffer from climate change. So, an insect ecologist from the University of Würzburg in Germany and her team wanted to understand if heat waves could influence bumblebees’ ability to smell flowers. The researchers put around 190 bumblebees from two common species into small special rooms for almost three hours at temperatures of 40℃ to simulate (模拟) heat waves. Some bumblebees were also put in a dry environment; some had ways to sugary resources; some were given time to recover at normal temperatures for 24 hours after the heat treatment. After the simulated heat waves, the researchers cut off the bumblebees’ antennae (触须), which they use to smell, and measured whether the olfactory sensory neurons (the cells that help them smell) in the antennae could still detect flower scents. The heat waves reduced the bumblebees’ ability to smell by up to 80 percent. Worker bumblebees, which are all female, were more affected than male bumblebees. Even worse, the antennae of the bumblebees that had 24 hours to cool off still didn’t recover their sense of smell after that time. “That was surprising,” said the insect ecologist. This suggests the bumblebees don’t recover quickly, which means they might have trouble finding food. “It could be one reason why we see so many bumblebee population drops,” she added, along with other factors like habitat loss. “The study seems pretty reliable,” said a bumblebee ecologist from the University of Sussex in Brighton, England, who didn’t take part in the study. “The antennae are quite similar across bee species,” he added. “If bumblebees suffer in this way, I think it’s probable that other bees would too. But we won’t know for sure until someone does research on it.” 1. What problem might bumblebees face in the end because of heat waves? A. Food shortage. B. Habitat loss. C. Death risk. D. Sensory failure. 2. Why were some bumblebees given 24 hours to recover after the treatment? A. To prove if hot waves damage their sense of smell. B. To make sure they can adapt to the environment. C. To prevent the researchers making mistakes. D. To persuade other people into believing the research. 3. What does the insect ecologist think of the research result? A. It takes researchers’ doubts away. B. It goes beyond her control. C. It limits the scientific research. D. It leads to a good method. 4. What can we learn about other bees according to the bumblebee ecologist? A. More researchers are studying them. B. They will suffer from death. C. They will be well protected. D. There is still a lot to study. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了热浪对大黄蜂嗅觉能力的影响，以及这种影响可能对其生存造成的严重后果。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The heat waves reduced the bumblebees’ ability to smell by up to 80 percent...This suggests the bumblebees don’t recover quickly, which means they might have trouble finding food.(热浪使大黄蜂的嗅觉能力降低了多达80%……这表明大黄蜂不能迅速恢复，这意味着它们可能难以找到食物)可知，热浪导致大黄蜂嗅觉能力大幅下降，进而影响其寻找食物的能力，最终可能导致其面临死亡风险。故选C。 2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“some were given time to recover at normal temperatures for 24 hours after the heat treatment...“That was surprising,” said the insect ecologist. This suggests the bumblebees don’t recover quickly...(一些大黄蜂在热处理后被给予24小时的正常温度恢复时间……昆虫生态学家说：“这很令人惊讶。”这表明大黄蜂不能迅速恢复……)”可知，给部分大黄蜂24小时恢复时间是为了观察它们是否能从热浪的影响中恢复嗅觉能力，从而证明热浪是否对它们的嗅觉造成了损害。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““The study seems pretty reliable,” said the insect ecologist.(昆虫生态学家说：“这项研究似乎相当可靠。”)”可知，昆虫生态学家对研究结果持肯定态度，认为它消除了研究者的疑虑。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““If bumblebees suffer in this way, I think it’s probable that other bees would too. But we won’t know for sure until someone does research on it.”(“如果大黄蜂以这种方式受苦，我认为其他蜜蜂也可能如此。但直到有人对此进行研究，我们才能确定。”)”可知，大黄蜂生态学家认为其他蜜蜂也可能受到类似的影响，但目前还需要进一步的研究来确认。因此，我们可以了解到的是关于其他蜜蜂还有很多需要研究的。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南潢川·期中） There are over 400 kinds of sharks living around the world. Some live in deep, cold water. Others live in shallow (浅的), warm water. They are all considered fish. Some other things that help tell different sharks are fins (鳍), gills (鳃) and teeth. There are sharks with fins on their backs. Others have fins on their backs and undersides. All sharks have gills. But the number of gills differs from five to seven. Sharks have a very sharp sense of smell. Shark teeth can be flat and sharp. Sharks are born with teeth and they grow new ones. Some can have thousands of teeth, Can you imagine such a mouthful? Another important difference between sharks is where they live. Most sharks live in the oceans. There are a few kinds that can live in slightly salty water. Others have learned to survive in fresh water. Some can travel between salty and fresh water. Before getting worried about sharks in your favorite local rivers or lakes, let’s see where some of freshwater sharks live. Bull sharks are probably the most general common and dangerous. They are salty water fish that can survive in fresh water for long periods. We find them many miles inland in rivers like the Mississippi, Zambezi, and Nicaragua. Spear-tooth sharks live in both salty and fresh water. We find them around Australia and New Guinea. Ganges sharks live in rivers in India, Bangladesh, Borneo and Myanmar. They have eyes on top of their heads, unlike other sharks whose eyes are on the sides, Last, there is the Greenland shark. These sharks grow very large and live a long time. Researchers regularly see Greenland sharks in Canadian rivers. These sharks show how some animals have learned to live in other places. Can you do this? What other animals can you think of that have this skill? 1. What do we know about sharks? A. They are not fish. B. They are expert at smelling. C. They have seven fins. D. They have gills on backs. 2. Where do most sharks live? A. In salty water. B. In slightly salty water. C. In fresh water. D. Between salty and fresh water. 3. Why are many different sharks mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To present the large number of kinds. B. To show how sharks developed in the fresh water. C. To give examples of sharks living in the fresh water. D. To tell us the living conditions of the sharks. 4. What is mainly talked about in this text? A. Kinds of Sharks. B. Differences Between Sharks. C. Development of Sharks. D. Living Habits of Some Sharks. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述鲨鱼的多样性，尤其是生活习性和体貌特征方面的差异。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sharks have a very sharp sense of smell.(鲨鱼的嗅觉非常敏锐。)”可知，鲨鱼的嗅觉很灵敏。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Most sharks live in the oceans.(大多数鲨鱼生活在海洋中。)”可知，大多数鲨鱼生活在海洋中，海洋里的水是含盐的。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Before getting worried about sharks in your favorite local rivers or lakes, let’s see where some of freshwater sharks live.(在担心你最喜欢的当地河流或湖泊中的鲨鱼之前，让我们来看看一些淡水鲨鱼生活在哪里。)”可知，本段主要介绍了生活在淡水中的鲨鱼，所以提到许多不同的鲨鱼是为了给出生活在淡水中的鲨鱼的例子。故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了鲨鱼的一些基本特征，包括它们的生活环境、帮助区分不同鲨鱼的特征等，第二段介绍了鲨鱼的一些其他特征，包括嗅觉敏锐、牙齿情况等，第三段介绍了鲨鱼的生活环境，第四段介绍了生活在淡水中的鲨鱼，由此可知，主要讲述鲨鱼的多样性，尤其是生活习性和体貌特征方面的差异。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $