2025-2026学年沪教牛津版英语九年级上册语法归纳

2025-09-08
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摘要:

该初中英语课件围绕九年级上册核心语法点展开,涵盖反意疑问句、句子类型、不定式用法、系动词、句子成分、让步状语从句、宾语从句及定语从句等八大模块,结构清晰,层层递进,通过典型例句与规则归纳构建知识支架,帮助学生从理解到运用逐步过渡。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、思维品质与学习能力的培养,如在反意疑问句教学中引导学生对比否定词与附加疑问句的逻辑关系,提升批判性思维;在宾语从句时态呼应环节强调主从句时态一致性,强化语言规范意识;并通过“形容词+介词”搭配练习发展跨文化表达能力。教师可借此优化课堂设计,学生则能系统掌握语法逻辑,提升综合语言素养。

内容正文:

九上英语语法归纳 Unit 1: Wise men in history 1、 Question tags 反意疑问句 定义:反意疑问句又可称为“附加疑问句”,通常由“陈述句+ 附加疑问句”构成,用来核实情况或期待对方同意。如: · 肯定句+否定的附加疑问句: Susan can speak five languages, can’t she? · 否定句+肯定的附加疑问句: Mary doesn’t know Peter, does she? 使用反意疑问句应注意: 1. 如果陈述句中有助动词(be,have,do)及情态动词,则在附加疑问句中一般用该助动词或情态动词的相应形式。如:You can’t be serious, can you? I suppose they have known about it, haven’t they? 2. 附加疑问句中要用人称代词主格,不能用名词。如: The bag is yours, isn’t it? ( √ ) The bag is yours, isn’t the bag? ( × ) 3. 附加疑问句和陈述句的人称、时态、数要保持一致。 4. 附加疑问句中的否定词通常用缩略形式,即isn’t, don’t, won’t 。 5. 回答需依据事实,且前后一致。事实肯定,用“Yes + 肯定回答.” ; 事实否定,用“No + 否定回答.” 。 6. 陈述句和附加疑问句要用逗号隔开。 特殊的反意疑问句 · 陈述句中含有little,few,never,no,nobody,hardly,seldom等表示否定意义的词时,附加疑问句用肯定式。如: She never lies, does she? · 祈使句后可用”will you?” 告诉或要求别人做某事。如: Please open the window, will you? Don’t make any noise, will you? · 在“Let’s...”后面用“shall we?”,“Let us/me...”后面用“will you?”。如:Let’s go home together, shall we? Let us go, will you? · 陈述句为“I am...”时,附加疑问句用“aren’t I?”。如: I am a very honest man, aren’t I? · 陈述句的主语为不定代词something/anything/nothing/everything 时,附加疑问句的主语用it。如:Everything is ready, isn’t it? · 陈述句的主语为不定代词somebody/someone,anybody/anyone,nobody/no one,everybody/everyone 时,附加疑问句的主语多用they。如: Everyone had done their best in the game, haven’t they? · 陈述句为there be 句型时,附加疑问句的主语用there。如: There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there? · 当陈述句含有had better 时,附加疑问句用had的相应形式;陈述句含有would like时,附加疑问句用would。如: You’d better go home hadn’t you? He would like to have less homework, wouldn’t he? · 当陈述句含有used to do sth. 结构时,附加疑问句用did或used的相应形式。如:He used to sleep late, didn’t he/usedn’t he? · 当陈述句含有must表示推测时,附加疑问句用must后面助动词的相应形式。如:She must be there, isn’t she? · 当陈述句是一个主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和主句的主语和谓语保持一致。但是,当陈述句的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语和谓语保持一致。但要注意否定转移。如:I don’t think she will agree with us, will she? 2、 Sentence types(句子类型) 本部分的语法主要讲陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句的句型结构和用法。 ※ 陈述句 · 肯定式:Tim is an American boy. · 否定式:Tim isn’t an American boy. ※ 疑问句(反意疑问句不再赘述) · 一般疑问句: 1. “be + 主语+ 其他成分?”如:Is Tim an American boy? 2. “助动词+ 主语 + 动词 + 其他成分?”如:Does your uncle live in Britain? · 特殊疑问句: 1. “疑问代词(表语)+ 系动词 + 主语 + 其他成分?”如: Who is the boy in green? 2. “疑问代词(主语)+ 动词 + 其他成分?” 如: Who teaches you English? 3. “疑问代词(宾语) + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词 + 其他成分?”如:What do you usually do after school? 4. “疑问副词+ 助动词 + 主语 + 动词 + 其他成分?”如: Where does she usually have lunch? · 选择疑问句: 1. “一般疑问句+ A or B?”如: Do you want to have some coffee or milk? 2. “特殊疑问句+ A or B?”如: Who gets up earlier, your father or your mother? ※ 祈使句 · 肯定式的类型: 1. “动词原形 + 宾语 + 其他成分./!”如: Answer it in English. 2. “系动词 + 表语./!”如:Be quiet! 3. “Let + 人称代词宾格或名词 + 动词原形 + 其他成分./!” 如: Let me help you. · 否定式的类型: 1. “Don’t + be + 表语./!”如:Don’t be lazy! 2. “Don’t + 动词原形 + 宾语 + 其他成分./!”如: Don’t throw the ball like that. 3. Let 开头的祈使句有两种否定形式: 1  “Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分./!” 如: Let him not go there. 2  “Don’t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分./!”如: Don’t let the water run into the room. 注意:根据不同的语气,祈使句末可用句号或叹号。 ※ 感叹句 · 由what引导的感叹句: 1. “What + a(n) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数(+主语 + 谓语)!”如: What a nice bike (it is)! 2. “What + 形容词 + 不可数名词(+主语 + 谓语)!”如: What useful information (it is)! 3. “What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数(+主语 + 谓语)!”如: What beautiful flowers (they are)! · 由how引导的感叹句: 1. “How + 形容词/副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分)!”如: How interesting the dog is ! 2. “How + 陈述句!”如:How we enjoyed ourselves ! Unit 2: Great minds 一、Infinitives after nouns (不定式作定语) 本部分介绍的是动词不定式作定语的用法。动词不定式作定语一般都是作后置定语,修饰前面的名词或代词,来解释某一事物的功能或用途。动词不定式与被修饰词之间大致有以下四种关系: · 主谓关系——被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑主语。如: We need someone to help with the work. (someone will help with the work.) · 动宾关系——被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如: I have many letters to write. (to write many letters). · 同位关系——动词不定式与所修饰的名词指的是同一事物。如: We have made a plan to go on a trip to Lucky Island. · 状语关系——被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式中动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多为抽象名词。如: That is the way to do it. I have no time to go there. ※ 不定式作定语应注意以下几种情况: · 如果名词或代词是动词不定式的宾语,动词不定式后不加宾语代词。如:I gave her a newspaper to read. (不能说I gave her a newspaper to read it.) · 在动词不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系的情况下,若该动词为不及物动词,其后应加上相应的介词。如: I am looking for a room to live in. I need a piece of paper to write on. · 动词不定式作定语且所修饰的名词是time, place 或way时,其后的介词通常省略。如: He had no money and no place to live. 二、Infinitives as subjects(不定式作主语) 本部分介绍的是动词不定式作主语的用法。当动词不定式作主语时,一般不放在句首,通常以it 作形式主语,把动词不定式短语后置。it作形式主语时,主要有三种情况: · 常用形容词作它的表语:It’s + adj. +for + sb. + to do sth. /It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 当形容词是描述事物性质时用for sb. 句型,当形容词是表示人的性格特征或品质时用of sb. 句型。如: It is important for us to keep water clean. It is very kind of you to say so. · 有时也接名词作表语。如: It must be fun to fly to the Moon in a spaceship. · it作形式主语时,还用于:It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 如: It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. 三、Infinitives after the verb to be(不定式作表语) 本部分介绍的是动词不定式作表语的用法。动词不定式作表语常常用于补充说明主语的具体内容或表示目的、计划或打算的词。如: · 主语为aim, dream, hope, idea, plan, purpose, suggestion, wish 等表示目的、计划或打算的词。如: His wish/ dream is to become an astronaut. · 当句子的主语为work, job 或function 时,往往也使用这一结构。如:The man’s job was to give advice to the king. Unit 3: Family life 1、 Linking verb be (系动词be) 系动词亦称“连系动词”,它本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟表语,构成“系表结构”,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。be动词是最重要的系动词,它会随着句子主语的人称及时态发生变化。be动词最常见的用法之一就是后接形容词。如: Our family lives are different. Linking verb Subject complement Subject be动词后的形容词作句子的表语,也称主语补足语(subject complement),用于修饰句子的主语,描述主语的状态。 2、 Other linking verbs (其他系动词) 本部分介绍的是其他常用的系动词。和be动词一样,这些系动词的后面也可加形容词作表语,修饰句子的主语。它们可以分为: · 持续系动词(keep, remain, stay 等)。如: He always keeps silent at meetings. · 表象系动词(appear, look, seem 等)。如: He looks tired. · 感官系动词(feel, smell, sound, taste 等)。如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. · 变化系动词(become, get, go, grow, turn 等)。如: She grew rich within a short time. 3、 Linking verbs followed by nouns or noun phrases (系动词后跟名词或名词短语) 本部分介绍的是系动词后跟名词或名词短语的用法。后可直接跟名词或名词短语的系动词主要有状态系动词be,变化系动词become, 持续系动词remain,表象系动词appear, seem,感官系动词sound等。如: He was a postman six years ago. He has become a famous doctor. He remains an ordinary worker. He appears/seems a stranger to me. That sounds a good idea. Unit 4: Problems and advice Sentence elements: subjects, verbs, objects, complements and adverbials (句子成分:主语、谓语动词、宾语、补语和状语) 本部分介绍的是句子的成分及英语句子的五个基本组成部分。 ※ 在英语中,句子通常包含主语和谓语动词两个成分。主语往往是动作的发出者,谓语动词则用来表示动作。有些动词后面通常跟名词或代词,这些动词称为及物动词。而跟在这些动词后的名词或代词称为宾语。宾语往往是动作的接受者。而后面不跟宾语的动词称为不及物动词。如: The police arrested the thief. The boy laughed. ※ 有的动词既可做及物动词,又可作不及物动词。如: The driver stopped the bus. The bus stopped. ※ 部分及物动词如bring, buy, cost, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, sell, send, show, teach, tell 等后可跟双宾语,用来谈论人与人之间的物品转移或信息传递。被给、被送、被买等的东西称为直接宾语(direct object, DO),接受东西的人称为间接宾语(indirect object, IO)。间接宾语通常放在直接宾语前面。如: The man bought the woman (IO) a ring (DO) 注意:间接宾语也可以放在直接宾语后 面,在这种情况下,一般有介词to 或for。如: The man bought a ring (DO) for the woman (IO). ※ 补语通常由形容词/形容词短语或名词/名词短语充当。补语又可以分成主语补语(subject complement,又称表语)和宾语补语(object complement)。系动词后常跟主语补语,用来描述主语;宾语补语则是在及物动词和宾语后面,用来进一步说明宾语。可用于“动词+ 宾语 + 补语”结构的动词有consider, find, keep, make等。如: You made me nervous. We consider Einstein a great scientist. ※ 状语往往由副词、介词短语、名词短语等充当,表达时间、地点、原因、目的、方式等不同信息。如: I’ve been learning Spanish recently. Unit 5: Action Adverbial clauses of concession with although and though (although 与though引导的让步状语从句) 本部分介绍的是由although或though引导的让步状语从句。让步状语从句表示在从句描述的情况的前提下,主句描述的情况依然出现。 although和though为连词,意为“虽然”。两词同义并可互换使用。但在书面语或正式场合,although更常用。although或though引导的让步状语从句既可以放在主句前(此时从句后需加逗号),也可以放在主句后(此时主句后无需加逗号)。如: Although/Though it was snowing, it was not very cold. It was not very cold although/though it was snowing. 注意: (1) although或though不能和but连用。 (2) though可以与even连用,表示强调,而although不能与even连用。如:Even though he is 80, he goes to swim once a week. Unit 6: Healthy diet Object clauses (宾语从句) 1、 that引导的宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句需使用陈述句语序。常用的后面可跟宾语从句的动词有agree, believe, complain, doubt, explain, feel, find, guess, hear, hope, realize, remember, say, show, suggest, suppose, suspect, tell, think 等。 宾语从句可以用that引导,that是连词,无实际意义。在非正式文体中,that 常常被省略。如: He said (that) he could finish his work before dinner. ※ 在使用宾语从句时,要注意以下几点: · 主从句谓语的时态要注意呼应。具体如下: (1) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如: I don’t know that he has come back. (2) 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词用过去的某种时态,即:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。如: The children did not know that their father had died. (3) 如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,无论主句用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。如: The teacher said that the Earth goes around the Sun. · 宾语从句的否定转移:若主句的主语为第一人称,则某些表示思想或感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式,可以转移到这些动词之前。如:I do not suppose you are used to this diet. · suggest意为“建议”时,后面的that从句用虚拟语气,从句谓语用“(should +)动词原形”。如: We suggest (that) he (should) get another job. 2、 疑问词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句还可用疑问词引导。引导宾语从句的疑问词通常有who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, what, how, how much, how many等。后常跟疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词有ask, discuss, explain, forget, know, remember, tell, understand, wonder 等。 ※ 由疑问词引导的宾语从句也应注意时态: · 主句是一般现在时,从句可用各种需要的时态。如: Can you tell me where we will meet? · 主句是一般过去时,从句根据需要可用过去的某种时态。如: I forgot when I had bought her the present. 3、 if和whether引导的宾语从句 引导宾语从句的连词还有if和whether,意为“是否”,它们在大多数情况下可以互换使用。但如果后面直接跟有or not的,就只能用whether。如: I wonder if/whether Simon will come to the party tomorrow. = I wonder whether or not Simon will come to the party tomorrow. Unit 7: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Relative clauses with who,that and which (由who, that 和which 引导的限制性定语从句) 本部分介绍的是由who, that 和which 引导的限制性定语从句的结构和用法。在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词而起定语作用的从句叫定语从句或关系从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词之后。who, that 和which 这类引导定语从句的词称为关系代词。定语从句常用来指明人或物或者提供关于它们的更多信息。 ※ who用于指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语;which用于指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。如: The girl who helps me with my English is from Britain. The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. ※ that可以指人或物,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语,常用来代替who或which,尤其在非正式文体中。如: I remember the kind woman that I met in London. Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 注意事项: · 当who, that和which 在定语从句中作动词或动词短语的宾语时,常可以省略。如: Who is the teacher (that) Li Ming is talking to? The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. · 引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系副词包括when, where, why等。 · 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。初中阶段要求能辨认出由who, that和which 这三个关系代词引导的限制性定语从句,并能理解句子的意思。 · 关系代词通常用that,不用who或which的情况: (1) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: He was the first person that passed the exam. One of the most delicious drinks that I like is orange juice. (2) 先行词为all, every(thing), some(thing), any(thing), no(thing), none, little, few, much, only 或被这些词修饰时。如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? (3) 当先行词同时含有“人”和“物”时。如: I can still remember the persons and some pictures (that) I saw in the room. (4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等词语修饰时。如:This is the last place that I want to visit. (5) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Who is the person that is standing at the gate? · 关系代词只能用who的情况: (1) 当先行词是anyone, one, ones等词时。如: Anyone who works on Maths problems must be careful. (2) 当先行词是those时。如: Those who agree to this plan please put up their hands. Unit 8: Surprise endings 1、 Using prepositions after adjectives (形容词与介词的搭配) 本部分介绍的是形容词与介词的搭配。常见的有proud of, bored with, happy with, ready for, tired of, certain about, interested in, strict with, worried about, ashamed of, bad for, busy with, crowded with, faithful to, famous for, fond of, full of, good at, mad about, short of, successful in, unaware of 等。 有时,同一个形容词可以搭配不同的介词,从而产生不同的含义。如: good at 意为“擅长”;good with意为“善于应付......的”;good for意为“对......有益”。 2、 Using prepositions after nouns (名词与介词的搭配) 本部分介绍的是名词与介词的搭配。常见的有:opinion of, report on, advice on,decision on/about, experience of, interest in, problem with, purpose of, reason for, respect for, success in, idea of, knowledge of, matter with, price of, thought of等。 有时,同一个名词也可以搭配不同的介词。 · 同一名词后搭配不同的介词表示相同的意思。如: You must allow others to make comments on/about your work. · 同一名词后搭配不同的介词表示不同的意思,介词后接不同的词。如:I have difficulty with the new project. I do not have difficulty in making the right decision. 3、 Using prepositions after verbs (动词与介词的搭配) 动词与介词的搭配数量最多。尤其是同一个动词后可以跟不同的介词,从而产生不同的含义。掌握动词与介词的搭配需要记忆和积累,常见的动词与介词的搭配有:search through, look for, look at, agree with, arrive at, ask for, decide on, get to, join in, pass by, point at, prepare for, succeed in, think about, wait for, act as, care for, come from, deal with, depend on, die of, disagree with, hear from, help with , lead to, learn from, look forward to, look like, play against, prefer to, result in stay away from, suffer from, work as, arrive in 等。 动词与介词搭配时,介词后一定有名词。如: Ben Rogers came along the road. 动词与副词搭配时,副词修饰动词。如: He knew the boys would come along and make fun of him. 第一个例句中的along为介词,指“沿着(路边)”。 第二个例句中的along为副词,come along为动词词组,意为“出现。” 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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 2025-2026学年沪教牛津版英语九年级上册语法归纳
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 2025-2026学年沪教牛津版英语九年级上册语法归纳
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 2025-2026学年沪教牛津版英语九年级上册语法归纳
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