摘要:
该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了译林版八年级上册Unit 7《The Natural World》的核心词汇与语法要点,涵盖自然生态、环境保护、动植物名称及高频短语等五大知识范畴,构建了从“基础词形变化”到“核心句型应用”再到“跨文化语境理解”的阶梯式学习支架。
清单通过分类整理、分级标注和语境关联等方式呈现知识体系,如将“ecosystem”“wetland”等重点词标注为高阶词汇,并用例句强化其在环保话题中的实际运用,体现语言能力与文化意识的融合。特别设计“易混词对比表”(如harm与harmful)、“记忆口诀卡片”(如“get rid of”记作“摆脱烦恼要果断”),帮助学生高效识记,提升思维品质。教师可据此精准定位教学难点,学生则能自主查漏补缺,实现高效复习与深度学习的双重目标。
内容正文:
译林版 八上 UNIT 7 The natural world .期末同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
*coral /'kɒrəl/ n. 珊瑚
复数:corals
N/A
N/A
1. Coral reefs are vital for marine ecosystems.(珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统至关重要。)2. The ocean’s coral is beautifully colorful.(海洋里的珊瑚色彩斑斓。)
2
*reef /ri:f/ n. 礁
复数:reefs
N/A
coral reef 珊瑚礁
1. Many fish live around the coral reef.(许多鱼生活在珊瑚礁周围。)2. The reef protects the coast from waves.(礁石保护海岸免受海浪侵袭。)
3
penguin /'peŋgwɪn/ n. 企鹅
复数:penguins
N/A
N/A
1. Penguins can swim very fast in the sea.(企鹅在海里能游得很快。)2. We saw a group of penguins at the zoo.(我们在动物园看到了一群企鹅。)
4
*ecosystem /'i:kəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统
复数:ecosystems
N/A
N/A
1. The forest ecosystem includes many plants and animals.(森林生态系统包含许多动植物。)2. Protecting the ecosystem is important for our future.(保护生态系统对我们的未来很重要。)
5
climate /'klaɪmət/ n. 气候
复数:climates
climatic adj. 气候的
N/A
1. The climate in tropical areas is hot and rainy.(热带地区的气候炎热多雨。)2. Climate change influences global weather patterns.(气候变化影响全球天气模式。)
6
*wetland /'wetlənd/ n. 湿地
复数:wetlands
N/A
N/A
1. Wetlands are home to lots of birds.(湿地是许多鸟类的家园。)2. The government is working to protect wetlands.(政府正致力于保护湿地。)
7
include /ɪn'klu:d/ vt. 包括
过去式/过去分词:included;现在分词:including
including prep. 包括;inclusion n. 包含
include sth. 包括某物
1. The price includes free parking.(这个价格包括免费停车。)2. My family includes my parents and me.(我的家人包括父母和我。)
8
*non-living /ˌnɒn 'lɪvɪŋ/ adj. 非生物的
N/A
N/A
N/A
1. Stones are non-living things in nature.(石头是自然界中的非生物。)2. Water is a non-living part of the ecosystem.(水是生态系统的非生物部分。)
9
*pond /pɒnd/ n. 池塘
复数:ponds
N/A
N/A
1. There are some frogs in the pond.(池塘里有一些青蛙。)2. We often feed fish in the pond near our house.(我们经常在家附近的池塘喂鱼。)
10
around /ə'raund/ adv. 大约;prep. 在……周围
N/A
N/A
around the world 世界各地;about adv. 大约
1. There are around 50 students in our class.(我们班大约有50名学生。)2. They traveled around Europe last summer.(去年夏天他们环游了欧洲。)
11
hold /həʊld/ vt. 容纳;拿着;举行
过去式/过去分词:held;现在分词:holding
holder n. 持有者;支架
hold sth. 拿着某物;hold a meeting 举行会议
1. The hall can hold 200 people.(这个大厅能容纳200人。)2. She held a book in her hand.(她手里拿着一本书。)
12
return /rɪ'tɜ:n/ vi. 返回,回去,回来;vt. 归还
过去式/过去分词:returned;现在分词:returning
return n. 返回;归还
return to... 返回……;return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人
1. He will return to China next month.(他下个月将返回中国。)2. Please return the dictionary to me tomorrow.(请明天把字典归还给我。)
13
*get rid /rɪd/ of 清除;摆脱
短语,无词形变化
N/A
get rid of sth. 清除/摆脱某物
1. We need to get rid of the old furniture.(我们需要清除旧家具。)2. He wants to get rid of his fear of heights.(他想摆脱恐高症。)
14
*prevent /prɪ'vent/ vt. 防止,阻止
过去式/过去分词:prevented;现在分词:preventing
prevention n. 预防;preventive adj. 预防的
prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
1. The rain prevented us from playing outside.(雨阻止了我们去外面玩。)2. We should prevent children from watching too much TV.(我们应该阻止孩子看太多电视。)
15
store /stɔ:(r)/ vt. 贮存;n. 商店
过去式/过去分词:stored;现在分词:storing;n. 复数:stores
storage n. 贮存;仓库
store sth. 贮存某物;in store 即将发生
1. We store grains in the warehouse.(我们把谷物贮存在仓库里。)2. There are many clothes stores in this street.(这条街上有许多服装店。)
16
*sponge /spʌndʒ/ n. 海绵块
复数:sponges
N/A
N/A
1. She used a sponge to wash the dishes.(她用海绵块洗碗。)2. The sponge absorbs water quickly.(海绵块吸水很快。)
17
act /ækt/ vi. 起作用;行动; vi. & vt. 扮演;n. 行为
过去式/过去分词:acted;现在分词:acting;n. 复数:acts
action n. 行动;actor n. 男演员;actress n. 女演员
act as 充当;act out 表演出来
1. We must act to save the endangered animals.(我们必须采取行动拯救濒危动物。)2. He acted as a doctor in the play.(他在剧中扮演医生。)
18
*kidney /'kɪdni/ n. 肾脏
复数:kidneys
N/A
N/A
1. The doctor checked his kidney health.(医生检查了他的肾脏健康状况。)2. Drinking enough water is good for our kidneys.(喝足够的水对我们的肾脏有好处。)
19
*carbon dioxide /ˌkɑ:bən daɪ'ɒksaɪd/ n. 二氧化碳
不可数名词
N/A
N/A
1. Plants use carbon dioxide to make food.(植物利用二氧化碳制造养分。)2. Cars produce a lot of carbon dioxide.(汽车产生大量二氧化碳。)
20
*trap /træp/ vt. 吸收;使落入险境;n. 陷阱
过去式/过去分词:trapped;现在分词:trapping;n. 复数:traps
trapped adj. 被困的
trap sb./sth. 使某人/某物陷入险境;a trap 一个陷阱
1. The net trapped the bird.(网使鸟陷入险境。)2. He fell into a trap in the forest.(他在森林里掉进了一个陷阱。)
21
harmful /'hɑ:mfl/ adj. 有害的
比较级:more harmful;最高级:most harmful
harm vt. 伤害;n. 伤害
be harmful to... 对……有害
1. Junk food is harmful to our health.(垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。)2. Some chemicals are harmful to the soil.(一些化学物质对土壤有害。)
22
therefore /'ðeəfɔ:(r)/ adv. 因此
N/A
N/A
N/A
1. He was late, therefore he missed the bus.(他迟到了,因此错过了公交车。)2. The road was blocked, therefore we had to take another way.(路被堵住了,因此我们不得不走另一条路。)
23
*lung /lʌŋ/ n. 肺
复数:lungs
N/A
N/A
1. Humans have two lungs to breathe.(人类有两个肺来呼吸。)2. Smoking can damage our lungs.(吸烟会损害我们的肺。)
24
slow down (使)慢下来
短语,无词形变化
N/A
slow down (使)慢下来
1. You should slow down when driving near schools.(在学校附近开车时你应该慢下来。)2. The old man slowed down as he walked up the hill.(老人上山时放慢了脚步。)
25
sadly /'sædli/ adv. 不幸地;悲伤地
比较级:more sadly;最高级:most sadly
sad adj. 悲伤的;sadness n. 悲伤
N/A
1. Sadly, the old tree was cut down.(不幸的是,那棵老树被砍倒了。)2. She looked at the broken toy sadly.(她悲伤地看着那个坏掉的玩具。)
26
ton /tʌn/ n. 吨
复数:tons
N/A
a ton of... 大量的……
1. This truck can carry 5 tons of coal.(这辆卡车能运载5吨煤。)2. There are a ton of books in his study.(他的书房里有大量的书。)
27
harm /hɑ:m/ vt. 伤害,损害;n. 伤害
过去式/过去分词:harmed;现在分词:harming;n. 不可数
harmful adj. 有害的;harmless adj. 无害的
do harm to... 对……造成伤害
1. Don’t harm the small animals.(不要伤害小动物。)2. Too much sun does harm to your skin.(过多的阳光对你的皮肤造成伤害。)
28
*wildlife /'waɪldlaɪf/ n. 野生生物
不可数名词
N/A
N/A
1. We should protect wildlife from being hunted.(我们应该保护野生生物免受猎杀。)2. The forest is full of wildlife.(森林里充满了野生生物。)
29
*topic /'tɒpɪk/ n. 话题
复数:topics
N/A
N/A
1. Our topic for today is saving water.(我们今天的话题是节约用水。)2. They discussed the topic of environmental protection.(他们讨论了环境保护的话题。)
30
quite a few 相当多,不少
短语,无词形变化
N/A
quite a few + 可数名词复数 相当多……
1. There are quite a few apples in the basket.(篮子里有相当多的苹果。)2. He has quite a few friends in this town.(他在这个镇上有不少朋友。)
31
noisy /'nɔɪzi/ adj. 充满噪声的;吵闹的
比较级:noisier;最高级:noisiest
noise n. 噪声;noisily adv. 吵闹地
N/A
1. The street is very noisy at rush hour.(高峰时段街道很吵闹。)2. The children are playing noisily in the yard.(孩子们在院子里吵闹地玩耍。)
32
*system /'sɪstəm/ n. 系统;体系
复数:systems
N/A
N/A
1. The school system is changing gradually.(学校体系正在逐渐改变。)2. The solar system has eight planets.(太阳系有八颗行星。)
33
cause /kɔ:z/ vt. 使发生,造成,导致;n. 原因;事业
过去式/过去分词:caused;现在分词:causing;n. 复数:causes
N/A
cause sth. 导致某事;the cause of... ……的原因
1. What caused the fire?(什么导致了火灾?)2. The cause of his success is hard work.(他成功的原因是努力工作。)
34
*damage /'dæmɪdʒ/ vt. 损害,毁坏;n. 损害
过去式/过去分词:damaged;现在分词:damaging;n. 不可数
N/A
damage sth. 损害某物;do damage to... 对……造成损害
1. The storm damaged many trees.(暴风雨损害了许多树木。)2. The earthquake did great damage to the village.(地震对这个村庄造成了巨大损害。)
35
north-east /ˌnɔ:θ 'i:st/ n., adj. & adv. 东北;东北方的;向东北方
N/A
N/A
in the north-east 在东北方
1. The city lies in the north-east of the country.(这座城市位于国家的东北方。)2. The wind is blowing from the north-east.(风从东北方吹来。)
36
cover /'kʌvə(r)/ n. 躲避处;罩子;vt. 覆盖;涉及
过去式/过去分词:covered;现在分词:covering;n. 复数:covers
coverage n. 覆盖范围;报道
cover sth. with... 用……覆盖某物;cover... 覆盖……
1. The umbrella is a cover from the rain.(雨伞是防雨的躲避处。)2. She covered the table with a tablecloth.(她用桌布覆盖桌子。)
37
*rare /reə(r)/ adj. 稀罕的,珍贵的
比较级:rarer;最高级:rarest
rarely adv. 罕见地
N/A
1. This kind of butterfly is very rare.(这种蝴蝶非常稀罕。)2. Rare plants should be protected carefully.(珍贵的植物应该被细心保护。)
38
*red-crowned crane /ˌred 'kraʊnd kreɪn/ n. 丹顶鹤
复数:red-crowned cranes
N/A
N/A
1. Red-crowned cranes are symbols of longevity in China.(丹顶鹤在中国是长寿的象征。)2. We saw red-crowned cranes in the wetland park.(我们在湿地公园看到了丹顶鹤。)
39
stay /steɪ/ n. 停留,逗留;vi. 停留;保持
过去式/过去分词:stayed;现在分词:staying;n. 复数:stays
N/A
stay in 待在……里;stay healthy 保持健康
1. His stay in Shanghai was enjoyable.(他在上海的停留很愉快。)2. She stays at home to look after her sister.(她待在家里照顾妹妹。)
40
*daytime /'deɪtaɪm/ n. 白天
N/A
N/A
in the daytime 在白天
1. Birds sing loudly in the daytime.(鸟在白天大声唱歌。)2. We can see clearly in the daytime.(我们在白天能看得很清楚。)
41
lead /li:d/ vi. 造成(后果); lead to 导致;vt. 带领;n. 领导
过去式:led;过去分词:led;现在分词:leading;n. 复数:leads
leader n. 领导者;leading adj. 主要的
lead to 导致;lead sb. to... 带领某人去……
1. Smoking can lead to lung cancer.(吸烟会导致肺癌。)2. He led us to the museum.(他带领我们去博物馆。)
42
*mud /mʌd/ n. 泥,淤泥,泥浆
不可数名词
muddy adj. 泥泞的
N/A
1. His shoes were covered with mud after the rain.(雨后他的鞋子沾满了泥。)2. The road is muddy after the storm.(暴风雨后道路泥泞。)
43
create /kri'eɪt/ vt. 创建,创造; set up 建立
过去式/过去分词:created;现在分词:creating
creation n. 创造;creative adj. 有创造力的;creator n. 创造者
create sth. 创建某物;set up 建立
1. We can create a better future with hard work.(我们可以通过努力创造更美好的未来。)2. They set up a new club for students.(他们为学生建立了一个新俱乐部。)
44
*balanced /'bælənst/ adj. 保持平衡的
N/A
balance n. 平衡;vt. 使平衡
keep balanced 保持平衡
1. A balanced diet helps us stay healthy.(均衡的饮食帮助我们保持健康。)2. We should keep our life balanced.(我们应该保持生活平衡。)
45
knowledge /'nɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识
不可数名词
knowledgeable adj. 知识渊博的
knowledge of... ……的知识
1. Reading books can increase our knowledge.(读书能增长我们的知识。)2. He has a lot of knowledge about science.(他有很多科学知识。)
46
*wastewater /'weɪstwɔ:tə(r)/ n. 废水
不可数名词
N/A
N/A
1. Wastewater should be treated before being released.(废水在排放前应该被处理。)2. Wastewater pollutes rivers and lakes.(废水污染河流和湖泊。)
47
*environment-friendly /ɪnˌvaɪrənmənt 'frendli/ adj. 环保的,不损害环境的
比较级:more environment-friendly;最高级:most environment-friendly
environment n. 环境;environmental adj. 环境的
N/A
1. We should use environment-friendly bags.(我们应该使用环保袋。)2. This product is environment-friendly.(这个产品是环保的。)
48
sir /sɜ:(r)/ n. 先生
N/A
N/A
N/A
1. Excuse me, sir. Where is the nearest bank?(打扰一下,先生。最近的银行在哪里?)2. Good afternoon, sir. Can I help you?(下午好,先生。我能帮您吗?)
49
madam /'mædəm/ n. 女士
N/A
N/A
N/A
1. Madam, here is your tea.(女士,这是您的茶。)2. Hello, madam. May I take your order?(您好,女士。您可以点餐了吗?)
50
kill /kɪl/ vt. & vi. 杀死
过去式/过去分词:killed;现在分词:killing
killer n. 杀手
kill sth. 杀死某物
1. Don’t kill insects for fun.(不要为了取乐杀死昆虫。)2. The disease killed many trees in the forest.(这种疾病杀死了森林里的许多树。)
51
solve /sɒlv/ vt. 解决;解答
过去式/过去分词:solved;现在分词:solving
solution n. 解决办法;解答
solve a problem 解决一个问题
1. We need to solve this difficult math problem.(我们需要解决这道数学难题。)2. He solved the mystery in the story.(他解开了故事里的谜团。)
52
*environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrən'mentl/ adj. 环境的
比较级:more environmental;最高级:most environmental
environment n. 环境;environmentally adv. 与环境有关地
environmental protection 环境保护
1. We should care about environmental problems.(我们应该关注环境问题。)2. Environmental protection is important for everyone.(环境保护对每个人都很重要。)
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