内容正文:
外研版 八上 UNIT 5 Play by the rules?同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ prep. 在……的对面
N/A(介词无词形变化)
opposite(adj. 相反的;n. 对立面)
opposite sth 在某物对面
1. The post office is opposite the bookstore.(邮局在书店对面。)2. There is a café opposite our community.(我们小区对面有一家咖啡馆。)
2
packet /ˈpækɪt/ n. 小包,小盒,小袋
单复数:packet - packets
N/A
a packet of 一包/一盒……
1. She bought a packet of sugar in the supermarket.(她在超市买了一包糖。)2. There is a packet of biscuits on the desk.(桌子上有一盒饼干。)
3
picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n. 野餐
单复数:picnic - picnics;动词(可作v. 野餐):过去式/过去分词 picnicked - picnicked
N/A
have a picnic 去野餐
1. We plan to have a picnic in the park this Sunday.(我们计划这周日去公园野餐。)2. They had a great picnic by the lake last weekend.(上周末他们在湖边野餐很开心。)
4
smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj. 有臭味的
比较级:smellier;最高级:smelliest
smell(v. 闻;n. 气味)
N/A
1. The rotten fruit is smelly.(腐烂的水果有臭味。)2. That old shoes are smelly and need to be washed.(那双旧鞋子有臭味,需要洗了。)
5
cheese /tʃiːz/ n. 干酪,奶酪
N/A(不可数名词,无单复数变化)
N/A
a piece of cheese 一块奶酪
1. My little sister likes to eat a piece of cheese for breakfast.(我妹妹早餐喜欢吃一块奶酪。)2. There is some cheese in the fridge.(冰箱里有一些奶酪。)
6
noise /nɔɪz/ n. 噪声;嘈杂声
单复数:noise - noises
noisy(adj. 吵闹的)
make noise 制造噪音;too much noise 太多噪音
1. Don't make noise in the library.(不要在图书馆制造噪音。)2. The traffic outside makes too much noise.(外面的交通产生太多噪音。)
7
reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少;缩小;降低
过去式/过去分词:reduced - reduced
reduction(n. 减少)
reduce sth 减少某物;reduce to 减少到……
1. We should reduce the use of disposable chopsticks.(我们应该减少一次性筷子的使用。)2. The price of this book has been reduced to 20 yuan.(这本书的价格已降到20元。)
8
kick /kɪk/ v. 踢
过去式/过去分词:kicked - kicked;单复数(n. 踢):kick - kicks
N/A
kick sth 踢某物;kick off (足球)开球
1. The boy kicked the ball into the river.(男孩把球踢进了河里。)2. The football match will kick off at 3 p.m.(足球比赛将于下午3点开始。)
9
seat /siːt/ n. 座,座位
单复数:seat - seats;动词(v. 使就座):过去式/过去分词 seated - seated
N/A
take a seat 坐下;get one's seat 找到某人的座位
1. Please take a seat and wait for a moment.(请坐下等一会儿。)2. She couldn't find her seat in the crowded bus.(在拥挤的公交车上,她找不到自己的座位。)
10
passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə/ n. 乘客,旅客
单复数:passenger - passengers
N/A
passenger(s) on sth (交通工具上的)乘客
1. All passengers must show their tickets before getting on the train.(所有乘客上车前必须出示车票。)2. The bus can carry 50 passengers.(这辆公交车能载50名乘客。)
11
anything /ˈeniθɪŋ/ pron. 任何事物都(没有)
N/A(代词无词形变化)
N/A
用于否定句、疑问句、条件句,表“任何事物”
1. Do you have anything to eat?(你有什么吃的吗?)2. He didn't say anything at the meeting.(他在会议上什么也没说。)
12
fool /fuːl/ n. 蠢人,傻子,笨蛋
单复数:fool - fools;动词(v. 欺骗):过去式/过去分词 fooled - fooled
foolish(adj. 愚蠢的)
make a fool of sb 捉弄某人;fool sb 欺骗某人
1. Don't make a fool of him. It's not polite.(别捉弄他,这不礼貌。)2. He was fooled by the bad man's lies.(他被坏人的谎言欺骗了。)
13
sign /saɪn/ n. 标记;指示牌,标牌
单复数:sign - signs;动词(v. 签名;示意):过去式/过去分词 signed - signed
signature(n. 签名)
traffic sign 交通指示牌;sign sth 签名某物
1. You can see a "No Smoking" sign in the hospital.(在医院里你能看到“禁止吸烟”的指示牌。)2. She signed her name on the document.(她在文件上签了名。)
14
throat /θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙,咽喉
单复数:throat - throats
N/A
sore throat 喉咙痛;clear one's throat 清清嗓子
1. He has a sore throat and can't speak loudly.(他喉咙痛,不能大声说话。)2. She cleared her throat before starting to speak.(她开始说话前清了清嗓子。)
15
clear your throat (尤指说话前或为引人注意而)清清嗓子
N/A(短语无词形变化)
N/A
clear one's throat 清清嗓子(one's随主语变化)
1. The teacher cleared her throat and began the class.(老师清了清嗓子,开始上课。)2. He cleared his throat to get everyone's attention.(他清了清嗓子以引起大家的注意。)
16
responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任
单复数:responsibility - responsibilities
responsible(adj. 有责任的)
take responsibility for 对……负责
1. Everyone should take responsibility for their own actions.(每个人都应该对自己的行为负责。)2. He has to take responsibility for the project.(他必须对这个项目负责。)
17
cause /kɔːz/ n. 原因,起因
单复数:cause - causes;动词(v. 导致):过去式/过去分词 caused - caused
N/A
the cause of ……的原因;cause sth 导致某物
1. What's the cause of the accident?(这起事故的原因是什么?)2. Heavy rain caused the flood in this area.(大雨导致了这个地区的洪水。)
18
belt /belt/ n. 腰带,皮带
单复数:belt - belts
N/A
leather belt 皮带;fasten one's belt 系紧腰带
1. He bought a new leather belt yesterday.(他昨天买了一条新皮带。)2. Please fasten your belt before the plane takes off.(飞机起飞前请系紧腰带。)
19
seat belt 安全带
N/A(短语无词形变化)
N/A
wear a seat belt 系安全带;fasten a seat belt 系紧安全带
1. All drivers must wear a seat belt when driving.(所有司机开车时都必须系安全带。)2. She reminded her child to fasten the seat belt.(她提醒孩子系紧安全带。)
20
station /ˈsteɪʃən/ n. 车站
单复数:station - stations
N/A
train station 火车站;bus station 公交车站
1. My father will meet me at the train station.(我爸爸会在火车站接我。)2. The bus station is not far from our school.(公交车站离我们学校不远。)
21
flowerpot /ˈflaʊəpɒt/ n. 花盆
单复数:flowerpot - flowerpots
N/A
N/A
1. There are many beautiful flowers in the flowerpot.(花盆里有很多漂亮的花。)2. My mom bought a new flowerpot for her roses.(我妈妈给她的玫瑰买了一个新花盆。)
22
pick up 捡起
N/A(短语无词形变化,动词pick过去式/过去分词:picked - picked)
N/A
pick up sth 捡起某物;pick up sb 接某人
1. Please pick up the paper on the ground.(请捡起地上的纸。)2. My dad will pick me up after school.(爸爸放学后会来接我。)
23
mess /mes/ n. 脏乱;凌乱
单复数:mess - messes
messy(adj. 凌乱的)
make a mess 弄得一团糟;clean up the mess 收拾残局
1. The children made a mess in the living room.(孩子们把客厅弄得一团糟。)2. You need to clean up the mess before your mom comes back.(你需要在妈妈回来前收拾好残局。)
24
honesty /ˈɒnəsti/ n. 诚实,正直;坦诚
N/A(不可数名词)
honest(adj. 诚实的);dishonest(adj. 不诚实的)
honesty is the best policy 诚实为上策
1. His honesty makes him very popular among friends.(他的诚实让他在朋友中很受欢迎。)2. Our teacher always tells us that honesty is the best policy.(老师总告诉我们诚实为上策。)
25
spread /spred/ v. 传播
过去式/过去分词:spread - spread;单复数(n. 传播):spread - spreads
N/A
spread sth 传播某物;spread around 传播开来
1. The news spread quickly all over the town.(消息很快传遍了整个小镇。)2. We should spread knowledge about environmental protection.(我们应该传播环保知识。)
26
law /lɔː/ n. 法则,法令
单复数:law - laws
legal(adj. 法律的);lawyer(n. 律师,见序号27)
follow the law 遵守法律;break the law 违法
1. Everyone must follow the law in society.(社会中每个人都必须遵守法律。)2. It's wrong to break the law.(违法是错误的。)
27
lawyer /ˈlɔːjə/ n. 律师
单复数:lawyer - lawyers
law(n. 法律,见序号26)
N/A
1. Her dream is to be a lawyer when she grows up.(她的梦想是长大后当一名律师。)2. We need to ask a lawyer for advice about this problem.(关于这个问题,我们需要向律师咨询。)
28
urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/ adj. 紧急的,急迫的
比较级:more urgent;最高级:most urgent
urgency(n. 紧急;迫切)
urgent matter 紧急事务;be urgent to do sth 迫切做某事
1. This is an urgent matter and we need to deal with it now.(这是紧急事务,我们需要现在处理。)2. He is urgent to finish his homework before 8 p.m.(他迫切想在晚上8点前完成作业。)
29
citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/ n. 公民;市民,城镇居民
单复数:citizen - citizens
N/A
good citizen 好公民;citizen of... ……的公民/市民
1. Every citizen has the right to receive education.(每个公民都有受教育的权利。)2. He is a good citizen who always helps others.(他是个经常帮助别人的好市民。)
30
click /klɪk/ n. 点击(鼠标)
单复数:click - clicks;动词(v. 点击):过去式/过去分词 clicked - clicked
N/A
click on 点击(电脑图标等)
1. Please make a click on the "Start" button.(请点击“开始”按钮。)2. He made three clicks to open the file.(他点击了三下打开了文件。)
31
basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基础的,基本的,根本的
比较级:more basic;最高级:most basic
base(n. 基础;v. 以……为基础);basically(adv. 基本上)
basic knowledge 基础知识;basic skills 基本技能
1. We need to learn basic knowledge of math first.(我们首先需要学习数学基础知识。)2. These basic skills are important for our daily life.(这些基本技能对我们的日常生活很重要。)
32
personal /ˈpɜːsənl/ adj. 个人的,私人的
比较级:more personal;最高级:most personal
person(n. 人);personally(adv. 亲自地)
personal information 个人信息;personal things 私人用品
1. Don't share your personal information with strangers.(不要和陌生人分享你的个人信息。)2. She keeps her personal things in a small box.(她把私人用品放在一个小盒子里。)
33
private /ˈpraɪvət/ adj. 个人的,秘密的
比较级:more private;最高级:most private
privacy(n. 隐私)
private life 私人生活;private conversation 私人谈话
1. Everyone has the right to have a private life.(每个人都有拥有私人生活的权利。)2. They had a private conversation in the room.(他们在房间里进行了一次私人谈话。)
34
avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v. 避免
过去式/过去分词:avoided - avoided
avoidance(n. 避免)
avoid doing sth 避免做某事
1. We should avoid eating too much junk food.(我们应该避免吃太多垃圾食品。)2. He tried to avoid meeting her in the street.(他尽量避免在街上遇到她。)
35
address /əˈdres/ n. 地址
单复数:address - addresses;动词(v. 邮寄;致辞):过去式/过去分词 addressed - addressed
N/A
home address 家庭地址;email address 电子邮箱地址
1. Please write down your home address on this form.(请在这张表上写下你的家庭地址。)2. She gave me her email address yesterday.(她昨天给了我她的电子邮箱地址。)
36
passport /ˈpɑːspɔːt/ n. 护照
单复数:passport - passports
N/A
valid passport 有效护照;apply for a passport 申请护照
1. You need a valid passport to go abroad.(出国需要有效的护照。)2. My parents are applying for a new passport for my brother.(我父母正在给弟弟申请新护照。)
37
limit /ˈlɪmɪt/ v. 限制,限定
过去式/过去分词:limited - limited;单复数(n. 限制):limit - limits
limited(adj. 有限的)
limit sth to 把某物限制在……;set a limit 设定限制
1. We should limit our screen time to one hour a day.(我们应该把屏幕时间限制在每天一小时。)2. The school set a limit on the number of students in each class.(学校对每个班的学生人数设定了限制。)
38
careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 不小心的,粗心的,疏忽的
比较级:more careless;最高级:most careless
care(v. 关心;n. 小心);careful(adj. 小心的);carefully(adv. 小心地)
be careless with 对……粗心;careless mistake 粗心的错误
1. He is always careless with his schoolbag.(他对自己的书包总是很粗心。)2. She made a careless mistake in the math exam.(她在数学考试中犯了一个粗心的错误。)
39
aware /əˈweə/ adj. 注意到的,察觉到的
比较级:more aware;最高级:most aware
awareness(n. 意识);unaware(adj. 没意识到的)
be aware of 意识到……;be aware that 意识到……(接从句)
1. We should be aware of the importance of saving water.(我们应该意识到节约用水的重要性。)2. She was aware that she had made a mistake.(她意识到自己犯了一个错误。)
40
cheat /tʃiːt/ v. 欺诈,欺骗
过去式/过去分词:cheated - cheated;单复数(n. 骗子;作弊者):cheat - cheats
N/A
cheat sb 欺骗某人;cheat in exams 考试作弊
1. The man cheated her out of her money.(那个男人骗了她的钱。)2. It's not right to cheat in exams.(考试作弊是不对的。)
41
trust /trʌst/ v. 信任,信赖,相信
过去式/过去分词:trusted - trusted;单复数(n. 信任):trust - trusts
trustworthy(adj. 值得信任的)
trust sb 信任某人;trust in 相信……(某事/某物)
1. I trust my best friend completely.(我完全信任我最好的朋友。)2. We should trust in our own abilities.(我们应该相信自己的能力。)
42
enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. 敌人
单复数:enemy - enemies
N/A
make an enemy of sb 和某人结仇;enemy of... ……的敌人
1. He doesn't want to make an enemy of anyone.(他不想和任何人结仇。)2. Pollution is the common enemy of all people.(污染是全人类的共同敌人。)
43
behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现
过去式/过去分词:behaved - behaved
behavior(n. 行为;表现)
behave well 表现好;behave badly 表现差
1. The children behaved well in the museum.(孩子们在博物馆里表现得很好。)2. He behaved badly at the party and made his parents angry.(他在派对上表现很差,让父母生气了。)
44
cyberbullying /ˈsaɪbəˌbʊliɪŋ/ n. 网络霸凌(欺凌)
N/A(不可数名词)
cyberbully(n. 网络霸凌者;v. 实施网络霸凌)
prevent cyberbullying 防止网络霸凌;stop cyberbullying 制止网络霸凌
1. Schools should teach students how to prevent cyberbullying.(学校应该教学生如何防止网络霸凌。)2. We should call the police if we meet cyberbullying.(如果遇到网络霸凌,我们应该报警。)
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