Unit 2 Section A Grammar Focus 课件 2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册

Home Sweet Home Unit 2 Section A Grammar Focus 学习目标 1 2 3 4 在真实情境中运用 can/could 表达请求、许可、能力、建议与推测。 辨析 could 表委婉请求 vs. can 表直接许可的语境差异（如：Could I...? → 长辈/正式；Can I...? → 朋友/非正式）。 通过语境判断 can't/couldn't 的否定推测含义（如：He can't be at home — the lights are off.） 区分 could 表过去能力（I could swim at 5）与 was able to 表具体成功（She was able to escape the fire） 1. Look and fill in the blanks. ________ you please sweep the floor? Yes, dad. I’ll do it at once. Could 1. Look and fill in the blanks. _________ I hang out with my friends after lunch? Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up your things first. Could 1. Look and fill in the blanks. Yes, good idea. _________ I put some flowers on the table? Can 1. Look and fill in the blanks. Sure. / No problem. _________ you help me hang up the photos Can 2. Read the sentences Could you please sweep the floor? Yes, dad. I’ll do it at once. Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? Sorry, Jim, but you have pack up your things first. Can I put some flowers on the table？ Yes, good idea. Can you help me hang up the photos? Sure./ No problem. Modal Verbs—— can/could 3. Modal verbs → can/ could (request or permission) Could you please sweep the floor? Yes, dad. I’ll do it at once. Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? Sorry, Jim, but you have pack up your things first. Can I put some flowers on the table？ Yes, good idea. Can you help me hang up the photos? Sure./ No problem. Read the questions with can or could. Notice how they are answered. Then write R for requests or P for permission next to each question. 3a P P R R 要求，请求 允许 can 和could表示请求或允许 3. Modal verbs → can/ could (request or permission) Please try to write down more sentences to express requests or permission by using can or could. Can you pass me the salt? Could you possibly lend me your pen? Could we have a moment of your time? Could you please send me the report? Can you help me with this box? Can we leave early today? Could you explain this again? Can you turn down the music? Can 表示要求（直接、非正式） 场景：熟人、平辈或非正式场合 Could 表示要求（委婉、礼貌） 场景：陌生人、长辈、正式场合 Requests 3. Modal verbs → can/ could (request or permission) Please try to write down more sentences to express requests or permission by using can or could. Can I borrow your bike?/ Yes, you can. Could we open the window?/Of course you can. Could I submit this later?/ Sorry, you can’t. Could I interrupt for a second?/Yes, you can. You can use my computer. Can we eat snacks here?/Sure, you can. Could I ask a question?/ Certainly. Can I skip this meeting?/No, you can’t. Can 表示允许（轻松、日常） 场景：朋友、家人或非正式许可 Could 表示允许（正式、试探性请求） 场景：礼貌请求许可，尤其对上级/陌生人 Permission 3. Modal verbs → can/ could (request or permission) Make a conclusion 要求允许分场合，can 直 could 弯要记牢； 问句 could 显尊重，答句 can 定乾坤； 主动许可只用 can，could 问句别混淆！ 总结口诀 维度 Can Could 语气强度 直接、随意 委婉、礼貌 适用关系 朋友/家人/平辈 长辈/上级/陌生人/正式场合 答句形式 一律用 can/can’t 回答 问句用 could，答句仍用 can/can’t 允许的主动性 主动允许常用（You can...） 仅用于请求，不用于主动给予允许 例句对比 要求：Can you hurry up? 允许：Can I leave? 要求：Could you speak slower? 允许：Could I use the restroom? 3. Modal verbs → can/ could (request or permission) Choose the best question to complete each conversation. 3b A. Could you give me a ride to town now? B. Can I stay out until eleven? C. Mr Lake, could I go to the toilet? D. Could I use your computer? 1. A: _____________________ B: Of course you can. 2. A: _____________________ B: Yes, if you are careful with it. 3. A: _____________________ B: No, you can’t. You have a basketball game tomorrow, remember? You need a good rest. 4. A: Can I go to the movies? B: Of course. A: _____________________ B: I can’t. I have to do some work now. P P P R D B A C 开车送某人一程 3. Modal verbs → can/ could (request or permission) Make up conversations for each setting, using can or could. 3c 1. You’re at your friend’s home. You want to call your parents, but your phone is dead. A: Can / Could I use your phone? B: Sure. / Of course. 2. You were sick at home yesterday. Your friend went to an English class and took notes. You want to know more about the class. __________________________________________________________ 3. You are holding a large box. It is difficult to open the door. Your neighbour comes. _______________________________________________________________ 4. You and your classmates want to help clean up the community. Ask your classmates to bring gloves and rubbish bags. ________________________________________________________________ A: Could you tell me about the class? / B: Yes, I can show you my notes. A: Can you help me open the door? / B: Of course! A: Could everyone bring gloves tomorrow? / B: Yes, we can! adj. 不运行的，死的 n. 社区 4. Modal verbs → can/ could (more meanings) 表示能力 • I can swim well. • But my friends can’t swim at all. • Can you swim? • No, I can’t. But I can play beach volleyball well. • She could speak English When she was 5 years old. • But She couldn’t sing a simple song when she was 6 years old. • — Could you learn to play the piano during your childhood. —Yes, I can do it well now. 表示现在 表示过去 Read the sentences below and guess what meaning can/could express. 4. Modal verbs → can/ could (more meanings) 表示建议 • Can you try restarting your computer? • Can we talk about this later? • You can ask your teacher for help. • If you’re tired, can you take a short break? • You could join the study group to improve your English. • Could we discuss this in tomorrow’s meeting? • If you’re free, you could visit the museum. • Could you try calling customer service? （直接、非正式）语气轻松随意，多用于朋友或平辈之间。 （委婉、礼貌）适合正式场合或对长辈/上级使用。 Read the sentences below and guess what meaning can/could express. 4. Modal verbs → can/ could (more meanings) 表示可能性 • Glass can break easily. • It can get very cold in winter here. • Can this be true? • Noise can't help you concentrate. • She could be at the library now. • We could go hiking if it doesn’t rain. • This answer could be right, but I’m not sure. • He couldn’t have finished the work alone. 表示客观存在的可能性，多用于陈述事实或普遍情况（常见于否定句和疑问句）。 表示较弱的推测，或未来/假设中的可能性（更委婉，不确定性更高）。 Read the sentences below and guess what meaning can/could express. 4. Modal verbs → can/ could (more meanings) 表示推测 • Can this be true? • She can’t be only 20! She looks 30! • Where can he have gone? • It can’t be raining now – the sun is shining! • The keys could be in the drawer. • He could still be working late. • Could this plan fail? • She couldn’t have stolen the money. （仅限否定/疑问句） 表示强烈质疑或确定性否定 （肯定/否定/疑问均可） 表示较弱推测，保留不确定性，语气更委婉。 Read the sentences below and guess what meaning can/could express. 5. 中考必考4大核心考点 考点1：could 在委婉请求中的使用（高频！） Could you/I...? 表礼貌请求，回答用 can/can't 1. --- Could I look at your pictures? --- Yes, of course you ______. A. could B. can C. will D. might 2. --- Could I invite my friends? --- Sorry, you ______. A. can B. can’t C. could D. couldn’t 3. --- Could I go to the movies? --- Of course you ______. [补全对话] 4. --- Could you help me, please? --- ________ A. Yes, please B. Yes, I could C. Yes, I can D. You’re welcome 5. --- Could you send this postcard? --- ________ A. Sure B. No, thanks C. Yes, I would D. No, I can’t 6. --- Could you have a walk with me? --- ________. I’m busy. A. No, I couldn’t B. Yes, I could C. Sorry, I can’t D. Yes, I can B B can C A C 5. 中考必考4大核心考点 考点2：could 表过去能力 vs. was/were able to could：泛指过去能力（长期）； was/were able to：过去具体某次成功做到 1. The fire spread quickly, but everyone ______ escape. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 2. He practiced for months, and ______ win the competition. A. can B. could C. was able to D. might 3. When I was five, I ______ count to one hundred. A. am able to B. can C. could D. was able to 4. He tried hard, but ______ finish the work on time. A. couldn’t B. wasn’t able to C. was able to D. can’t C C C C 注意： 在否定句中 could’t 和wasn’t/ weren’t able to可以通用 终极口诀： 长期能力用 could，成功做到 able to； 否定句中无差别，真题关键词定乾坤！ 5. 中考必考4大核心考点 考点3：否定推测 can't/couldn't 辨析 can't：对现在/未来的否定推测（把握≥90%）； couldn't：对过去的否定推测 现在未来否，can’t 出手； 过去不可能，couldn’t 把守！ have done 一出现，couldn’t 立马有！ 1. The phone rang at midnight, but I ______ answer it because I was asleep. A. can’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 2. He knows nothing about the accident. It ______ be him. A. must B. can’t C. couldn’t D. might not 3. Mary ______ have taken your book — she was absent yesterday. A. must B. should C. couldn’t D. can’t 4. The door was locked. He ______ enter the room. A. can B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. might not 5. — Is that Mr. Smith speaking? — No, it ______ be him. He’s in London now. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t C B C B B 5. 中考必考4大核心考点 考点4：could 在虚拟语气中的隐含考点 1. （2023 湖北模拟）John ______ the project on time, but he wasted too much time. A. can finish B. could finish C. could have finished D. must have finished 2. （2022 广东改编）—I missed the last bus home. —You ______ a ride with me! I had space in my car. A. could take B. could have taken C. should take D. must take 3. 2024 预测题）They ______ the game easily — they trained for months, but they got nervous. A. can win B. could win C. could have won D. must win could + have done 表“过去本能够做却未做”, 带有遗憾、责备、后悔的语气 “could have done” 记心间，过去能力未实现； if 从句 but 转折现，遗憾责备是考点！ C B C 6. Exercise 1. — ______ I use your dictionary? — Yes, you ______. A. Can; could B. Could; can C. Could; could D. Can; can 2. He ______ swim when he was six, but now he forgets. A. can B. could C. is able to D. could have 3. Look! The window is broken. It ______ be the wind. A. must B. can’t C. couldn’t D. might 4. — Why didn’t you attend the party? — I ______, but I had to finish my project. A. can come B. could come C. could have come D. can have come 5. The math problem was hard, but she ______ solve it finally. A. can B. could C. was able to D. couldn’t 一、选择题(Choose the best answer.) 6. Exercise 6. — ______ you help me carry this box? — Sure, I ______. A. Could; could B. Can; can C. Could; can D. Can; could 7. That man ______ be Mr. Wang — he’s in Beijing now! A. mustn’t B. can’t C. couldn’t D. might not 8. You ______ have told me earlier! Now it’s too late. A. can B. could C. could have D. should 9. — Could we leave now? — No, you ______. The meeting isn’t over. A. couldn’t B. can’t C. can D. won’t 10. If you had asked me, I ______ you the answer. A. can tell B. could tell C. could have told D. can have told 一、选择题 ( choose the best answer.) 6. Exercise 1. ______ you pass me the water? I’m thirsty. 2. She ______ speak three languages at age 10. 3. It ______ be true! I saw it with my own eyes! 4. He _______ escape from the fire because the door was locked. 5. We __________ won the game if we had practiced more. 6. — ______ I open the window? — Yes, you ______. 7. The phone rang, but I ______ answer it — I was in the shower. 8. You ______ have asked for help! Why did you do it alone? 9. After trying for hours, he ___________ fix the computer. 10 — ______ you lend me $10? — Sorry, I ______. I have no money. 二、填空题（根据语境用 can/could/can’t/couldn’t/was able to/could have 填空） Could could can’t couldn’t could have Could can couldn’t could was able to Could can’t 7. Assignment 礼貌特工 "Politeness Agent" 行动指南： 化身“礼貌特工”，在 24小时内记录 3 个真实场景（家庭/学校/商店）： • 用 Could you...? 发起 1 次 跨代际请求（如请长辈帮忙） • 用 Can I...? 发起 1 次 平辈请求（如向同学借物） • 制作 双语任务日志，需包含： ✅ 对话实录（中英文） ✅ 对方反应分析（如：微笑/犹豫/爽快答应） ✅ 反思：何时用 could 更有效？为什么？ $