Unit 6 Entertainment and Friendship. Topic 3同步词汇笔记 2024-2025学年仁爱科普版(2012)九年级英语下册
2025-09-07
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摘要:
该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了仁爱科普版九下Unit 6“Entertainment and Friendship”中的核心词汇与短语,涵盖动词、名词、形容词、副词及固定搭配等五大语言类别,构建了从“基础识记”到“语境运用”再到“文化理解”的三层学习支架,助力学生实现语言能力的螺旋式提升。
清单通过分类归类、星级标注和语境链接等方式呈现知识体系,如将“exchange”“dozens of”等高频考点设为三星重点,并用例句强化其在真实交际中的使用场景,体现语言能力与思维品质的融合。特别设计“易混点对比表”(如chalk可数与不可数)和“记忆口诀卡”(如“first of all”用于排序),帮助学生高效区分难点,教师可据此精准开展分层教学,提升课堂效率,同时支持学生自主复习与迁移应用。
内容正文:
仁爱科普版 九下 Unit 6 Entertainment and Friendship. Topic 3同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
first of all(短语,首先)
N/A
N/A
first of all 用于句首,表顺序(首先)
1. First of all, you should finish your homework.(首先,你应该完成你的作业。)2. First of all, let's introduce ourselves to each other.(首先,让我们互相介绍一下自己。)
2
exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/(v. & n. 交换;交流;交易)
动词过去式/过去分词:exchanged;名词复数:exchanges
exchangeable(adj. 可交换的)
1. exchange sth. with sb.(和某人交换某物)2. cultural exchange(文化交流)
1. I often exchange ideas with my classmates.(我经常和我的同学交流想法。)2. They exchanged gifts at the end of the party.(他们在派对结束时交换了礼物。)
3
chalk /tʃɔːk/(n. 粉笔)
名词复数:chalks(表示“多支粉笔”时可数,表“粉笔”物质时不可数)
N/A
a piece of chalk(一支粉笔)
1. The teacher wrote on the blackboard with chalk.(老师用粉笔在黑板上写字。)2. Could you pass me a piece of chalk, please?(请递给我一支粉笔好吗?)
4
dozen /ˈdʌzn/(n. 十二个,一打)
名词复数:dozens(仅在 dozens of 中用复数)
N/A
1. a dozen + 可数名词复数(十二个……)2. dozens of + 可数名词复数(很多,许多)
1. She bought a dozen eggs from the supermarket.(她从超市买了十二个鸡蛋。)2. Dozens of students took part in the English competition.(许多学生参加了英语竞赛。)
5
dozens of(短语,很多,许多)
N/A
N/A
dozens of + 可数名词复数(很多,许多)
1. Dozens of birds are singing in the tree.(许多鸟在树上唱歌。)2. There are dozens of books on the shelf.(书架上有很多书。)
6
excellence /ˈeksələns/(n. 优秀,卓越)
N/A
excellent(adj. 优秀的,杰出的)
excellence in sth.(在某方面的优秀/卓越)
1. He is known for his excellence in math.(他因在数学方面的优秀而闻名。)2. The school encourages students to pursue excellence.(这所学校鼓励学生追求卓越。)
7
valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/(adj. 很有价值的;值钱的)
比较级:more valuable;最高级:most valuable
value(n. 价值;v. 重视)
be valuable for(对……有价值)
1. This experience is very valuable for my future.(这段经历对我的未来很有价值。)2. The old painting is valuable and worth a lot of money.(这幅古画很值钱,价值不菲。)
8
bottom /ˈbɒtəm/; /ˈbɑːtəm/(n. 底,底部;adj. 底部的;最后的,尽头的)
名词复数:bottoms;形容词比较级:bottomer(较少用);最高级:bottommost(较少用)
N/A
1. at the bottom of(在……的底部)2. the bottom line(底线)
1. There is a box at the bottom of the desk.(桌子底部有一个盒子。)2. The bottom of the bottle is dirty, so we need to clean it.(瓶子底部很脏,我们需要清理一下。)
9
unforgettable /ˌʌnfəˈɡetəbl/; /ˌʌnfərˈɡetəbl/(adj. 难以忘怀的;令人难忘的)
比较级:more unforgettable;最高级:most unforgettable
forget(v. 忘记);forgetful(adj. 健忘的)
be unforgettable for(对……来说难以忘怀)
1. That trip to Beijing was an unforgettable experience for me.(那次北京之旅对我来说是一次难以忘怀的经历。)2. She gave me an unforgettable gift on my birthday.(她在我生日时送了我一份令人难忘的礼物。)
10
joy /dʒɔɪ/(n. 高兴,愉快,喜悦)
N/A
joyful(adj. 高兴的,愉快的);joyfully(adv. 高兴地)
1. with joy(高兴地)2. the joy of doing sth.(做某事的乐趣)
1. She jumped up with joy when she heard the good news.(听到这个好消息,她高兴得跳了起来。)2. We all shared the joy of his success.(我们都分享了他成功的喜悦。)
11
royal /ˈrɔɪəl/(adj. 女王的,王室的)
N/A
royalty(n. 王室成员)
royal family(王室)
1. The royal family attended the opening ceremony.(王室成员出席了开幕式。)2. This is a palace with a long royal history.(这是一座有着悠久王室历史的宫殿。)
12
recall /rɪˈkɔːl/(v. 回忆起;记起;n. 记忆力,记性)
动词过去式/过去分词:recalled;名词复数:recalls
N/A
1. recall doing sth.(回忆起做过某事)2. recall that...(记起……)
1. I can still recall the day we first met.(我仍然能回忆起我们第一次见面的那一天。)2. She recalled that she had left the door open.(她记起自己没关门。)
13
competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/; /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃn/(n. 比赛,竞赛)
名词复数:competitions
compete(v. 竞争;比赛);competitive(adj. 竞争的)
1. enter a competition(参加比赛)2. a singing competition(歌唱比赛)
1. He entered a math competition and won first prize.(他参加了一场数学竞赛,获得了一等奖。)2. There will be a speech competition in our school next month.(下个月我们学校将举办一场演讲比赛。)
14
custom /ˈkʌstəm/(n. 风俗,习俗;习性)
名词复数:customs(表“风俗”时);customs(n. 海关,单复数同形)
customary(adj. 习惯的,通常的)
1. local customs(当地风俗)2. the custom of doing sth.(做某事的习俗)
1. It's a local custom to eat dumplings during Spring Festival.(春节吃饺子是当地的风俗。)2. He has the custom of getting up early every morning.(他有每天早起的习惯。)
15
principal /ˈprɪnsəp(ə)l/(n. 大学校长;adj. 首要的,主要的)
名词复数:principals;形容词比较级:more principal;最高级:most principal
N/A
1. the principal of a university(大学校长)2. principal reason(主要原因)
1. The principal of our school gave a speech on Monday.(我们学校的校长在周一发表了演讲。)2. The principal problem is that we don't have enough time.(主要问题是我们没有足够的时间。)
16
diploma /dɪˈpləʊmə/(n. 毕业文凭)
名词复数:diplomas
N/A
graduate with a diploma(获得文凭毕业)
1. She received her high school diploma last year.(她去年拿到了高中毕业证书。)2. You need a college diploma to apply for this job.(申请这份工作需要大学文凭。)
17
congratulate /kənˈɡrætʃuleɪt/(v. 祝贺)
动词过去式/过去分词:congratulated
congratulation(n. 祝贺,常用复数 congratulations)
congratulate sb. on sth.(祝贺某人某事)
1. We congratulated him on winning the competition.(我们祝贺他赢得了比赛。)2. Her parents congratulated her on passing the exam.(她的父母祝贺她通过了考试。)
18
possibility /ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/; /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪləti/(n. 机会,契机;可能(性))
名词复数:possibilities
possible(adj. 可能的);possibly(adv. 可能地)
1. the possibility of doing sth.(做某事的可能性)2. there is a possibility that...(有可能……)
1. Is there any possibility of rain tomorrow?(明天有可能下雨吗?)2. There is a possibility that he will come to the party.(他有可能来参加派对。)
19
thankful /ˈθæŋkfəl/(adj. 感谢的,感激的)
比较级:more thankful;最高级:most thankful
thank(v. & n. 感谢);thanks(n. 感谢,常用复数)
be thankful to sb. for sth.(因某事感谢某人)
1. I am thankful to my teachers for their help.(我感谢老师们的帮助。)2. She was thankful for the warm welcome from her friends.(她感谢朋友们的热烈欢迎。)
20
in a hurry(短语,匆忙地)
N/A
N/A
1. be in a hurry(匆忙)2. hurry up(快点,与 in a hurry 搭配使用场景相关)
1. He left in a hurry and forgot his umbrella.(他匆忙离开,忘了带伞。)2. Don't be in a hurry; we still have time.(别着急,我们还有时间。)
21
hug /hʌɡ/(v. & n. 拥抱;搂抱)
动词过去式/过去分词:hugged;名词复数:hugs
N/A
1. hug sb. tightly(紧紧拥抱某人)2. give sb. a hug(给某人一个拥抱)
1. She hugged her mother when she came back home.(她回家时拥抱了妈妈。)2. He gave me a warm hug to show his support.(他给了我一个温暖的拥抱以示支持。)
22
in time(短语,及时,来得及)
N/A
N/A
1. in time for sth.(及时赶上某事)2. be in time to do sth.(及时做某事)
1. We arrived at the station in time for the train.(我们及时到达车站赶上了火车。)2. He ran fast and was in time to catch the bus.(他跑得很快,及时赶上了公交车。)
23
promise /ˈprɒmɪs/; /ˈprɑːmɪs/(v. & n. 许诺,保证)
动词过去式/过去分词:promised;名词复数:promises
promising(adj. 有希望的,有前途的)
1. promise to do sth.(许诺做某事)2. keep a promise(信守承诺)
1. He promised to help me with my English.(他许诺帮我学英语。)2. You should keep your promise and come on time.(你应该信守承诺,按时来。)
24
conclude /kənˈkluːd/(v. 推断出;(使)结束)
动词过去式/过去分词:concluded
conclusion(n. 结论)
1. conclude from...(从……推断出)2. conclude a meeting(结束会议)
1. We can conclude from the data that he is right.(我们从数据中可以推断出他是对的。)2. The teacher concluded the class with a short story.(老师用一个短故事结束了这节课。)
25
pound /paʊnd/(n. 英镑)
名词复数:pounds
N/A
1. one pound(一英镑)2. two pounds of sugar(两磅糖,pound 也可表“磅”,重量单位)
1. This book costs five pounds.(这本书售价五英镑。)2. She bought three pounds of apples from the market.(她从市场买了三磅苹果。)
26
absent /ˈæbsənt/(adj. 缺席的,不在场的)
比较级:more absent;最高级:most absent
absence(n. 缺席,不在场)
be absent from(缺席……,后接地点或活动)
1. He was absent from school yesterday because he was ill.(他昨天因为生病没上学。)2. No one was absent from the meeting.(没有人缺席这次会议。)
27
alive /əˈlaɪv/(adj. 活着的,在世的)
无比较级和最高级(表“活着的”,仅作表语或后置定语)
live(v. 居住;adj. 活的,仅作定语);life(n. 生命)
1. be alive(活着)2. keep...alive(使……活着)
1. The old man is still alive and healthy.(这位老人仍然活着,身体很健康。)2. We need to keep the plants alive during the winter.(冬天我们需要让这些植物存活下来。)
28
sharply /ˈʃɑːpli/(adv. 急,急剧地)
比较级:more sharply;最高级:most sharply
sharp(adj. 锋利的;急剧的)
rise sharply(急剧上升);fall sharply(急剧下降)
1. The temperature dropped sharply last night.(昨晚气温急剧下降。)2. The number of students has increased sharply this year.(今年学生人数急剧增加。)
29
asleep /əˈsliːp/(adj. 睡着的,沉睡的)
无比较级和最高级(仅作表语)
sleep(v. & n. 睡觉);sleepy(adj. 困倦的,可作定语或表语)
1. fall asleep(入睡)2. be asleep(睡着)
1. She fell asleep soon after she went to bed.(她上床后很快就睡着了。)2. The baby has been asleep for two hours.(这个婴儿已经睡了两个小时了。)
30
awake /əˈweɪk/(adj. 醒着的)
比较级:more awake;最高级:most awake(仅作表语或后置定语)
wake(v. 唤醒);wakeful(adj. 清醒的,少用)
1. be awake(醒着)2. stay awake(保持清醒)
1. He was awake all night because of the noise.(因为噪音,他一整晚都醒着。)2. She tried to stay awake to finish her homework.(她努力保持清醒完成作业。)
31
ant /ænt/(n. 蚂蚁)
名词复数:ants
N/A
a group of ants(一群蚂蚁)
1. There are many ants on the ground.(地上有很多蚂蚁。)2. A group of ants is carrying food to their home.(一群蚂蚁正把食物搬回它们的家。)
32
hard - working(adj. 工作努力的,辛勤的)
比较级:more hard - working;最高级:most hard - working
N/A
a hard - working student(一个勤奋的学生)
1. She is a hard - working girl and always gets good grades.(她是个勤奋的女孩,总是取得好成绩。)2. His hard - working spirit is worth learning.(他勤奋的精神值得学习。)
33
unless /ənˈles/(conj. 除非;除非在……情况下)
N/A
N/A
unless 引导条件状语从句,相当于“if...not...”(除非……,如果不……)
1. You won't pass the exam unless you study hard.(除非你努力学习,否则你不会通过考试。)2. I won't go to the party unless she invites me.(除非她邀请我,否则我不会去参加派对。)
34
truth /truːθ/(n. 真相;实情;事实)
名词复数:truths
true(adj. 真实的);truly(adv. 真实地)
1. tell the truth(说实话)2. the truth about sth.(关于某事的真相)
1. You should tell the truth to your parents.(你应该对你的父母说实话。)2. We finally found out the truth about the accident.(我们最终查明了事故的真相。)
35
operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/; /ˈɑːpəreɪt/(v. 操作;工作)
动词过去式/过去分词:operated
operation(n. 操作;手术);operator(n. 操作员)
1. operate a machine(操作机器)2. operate on sb.(给某人做手术,表“手术”时)
1. He knows how to operate this computer.(他知道如何操作这台电脑。)2. The doctor will operate on the patient tomorrow.(医生明天将给这位病人做手术。)
36
instruction /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/(n. 用法说明;操作指南)
名词复数:instructions
instruct(v. 指导;指示);instructive(adj. 有教育意义的)
1. follow the instructions(按照说明做)2. give instructions(给出指示)
1. Please read the instructions before using the machine.(使用机器前请阅读说明书。)2. The teacher gave us instructions on how to finish the task.(老师给我们说明了如何完成这项任务。)
37
northwestern /ˌnɔː(r)θˈwestə(r)n/(adj. 西北的,西北方向的)
N/A
northwest(n. 西北;adj. 西北的,可作定语;adv. 向西北)
northwestern China(中国西北部)
1. It often snows in northwestern areas in winter.(西北地区冬天经常下雪。)2. He comes from a small town in northwestern China.(他来自中国西北部的一个小镇。)
38
flow /fləʊ/(v. 流,流动)
动词过去式/过去分词:flowed;现在分词:flowing
flow(n. 流动)
1. flow down(流下)2. water flow(水流)
1. The river flows through the city.(这条河流经这座城市。)2. Tears flowed down her face when she heard the sad news.(听到这个坏消息,眼泪从她脸上流下。)
39
appearance /əˈpɪərəns/; /əˈpɪrəns/(n. 出现,起源;外观)
名词复数:appearances
appear(v. 出现;显得)
1. the appearance of sth.(某物的出现)2. outer appearance(外表)
1. The appearance of the Internet has changed our life.(互联网的出现改变了我们的生活。)2. We shouldn't judge a person by his outer appearance.(我们不应该以貌取人。)
40
muddy /ˈmʌdi/(adj. 多泥的;浑浊的)
比较级:muddier;最高级:muddiest
mud(n. 泥,泥浆)
1. muddy roads(泥泞的道路)2. muddy water(浑浊的水)
1. The roads are muddy after the rain.(雨后道路很泥泞。)2. The river becomes muddy when it rains heavily.(下大雨时,这条河变得浑浊。)
41
idiom /ˈɪdiəm/(n. 习语,成语)
名词复数:idioms
N/A
learn idioms(学习习语);use idioms(使用习语)
1. "Break a leg" is an English idiom meaning "good luck".(“Break a leg”是一个英语习语,意思是“祝你好运”。)2. We need to learn some common idioms in English class.(我们在英语课上需要学习一些常见的习语。)
42
argument /ˈɑː(r)ɡjumənt/(n. 争吵;争论)
名词复数:arguments
argue(v. 争吵;争论);argumentative(adj. 好争论的,少用)
1. have an argument with sb.(和某人争吵)2. an argument about sth.(关于某事的争论)
1. He had an argument with his brother over a toy.(他和弟弟因为一个玩具吵了一架。)2. There was a heated argument about the plan in the meeting.(会议上对这个计划有一场激烈的争论。)
43
slap /slæp/(v. & n. (用手掌)打,拍,掴)
动词过去式/过去分词:slapped;名词复数:slaps
N/A
1. slap sb. on the face(打某人的脸)2. give sb. a slap(打某人一下)
1. She slapped him on the face because he lied to her.(因为他对她撒谎,她打了他一耳光。)2. He gave the mosquito a slap but missed it.(他拍了一下蚊子,但没拍到。)
44
till /tɪl/(prep. & conj. 直到……为止)
N/A
N/A
1. till now(直到现在)2. wait till tomorrow(等到明天)
1. He worked till midnight last night.(他昨晚工作到午夜。)2. I will stay here till you come back.(我会待在这里直到你回来。)
45
mud /mʌd/(n. 泥,泥浆)
N/A
muddy(adj. 多泥的;浑浊的)
1. in the mud(在泥里)2. covered with mud(沾满泥)
1. The child played in the mud and got his clothes dirty.(这个孩子在泥里玩,把衣服弄脏了。)2. His shoes were covered with mud after the hike.(徒步旅行后,他的鞋子沾满了泥。)
46
sink /sɪŋk/(v. 下沉)
动词过去式:sank;过去分词:sunk;现在分词:sinking
sink(n. 水槽)
1. sink into(沉入……)2. sink to the bottom(沉到底部)
1. The ship sank in the storm.(这艘船在暴风雨中沉没了。)2. The stone sank to the bottom of the lake.(石头沉到了湖底。)
47
reply /rɪˈplaɪ/(v. & n. 回答;回应)
动词过去式/过去分词:replied;名词复数:replies
N/A
1. reply to sb./sth.(回答某人/某事)2. make a reply(作出回应)
1. He replied to my email this morning.(他今天早上回复了我的邮件。)2. I am waiting for her reply to my question.(我在等她对我的问题作出回应。)
48
erase /ɪˈreɪz/; /ɪˈreɪs/(v. 擦掉,抹去)
动词过去式/过去分词:erased
eraser(n. 橡皮擦)
1. erase sth. from...(从……擦掉/抹去某物)2. erase a mistake(擦掉错误)
1. She erased the wrong answer from the paper.(她从纸上擦掉了错误的答案。)2. You can use an eraser to erase the pencil marks.(你可以用橡皮擦去铅笔痕迹。)
49
response /rɪˈspɒns/; /rɪˈspɑːns/(n. 反应;回答)
名词复数:responses
respond(v. 回应;回答);responsive(adj. 有回应的)
1. in response to(作为对……的回应)2. a response to sth.(对某事的回答/反应)
1. He made no response to my question.(他对我的问题没有作出回答。)2. The company took action in response to the customers' complaints.(公司针对客户的投诉采取了行动。)
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