2025-2026学年人教版英语九年级全册 被动语态语法专讲与练习

被动语态语法专讲与练习  (一) 语 态 分 类 英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用 1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ” 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China. (三) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 被动语态由“be + 过去分词”构成，句中人称、数和时态是通过be来表现出来的。常见的几种时态的被动语态如下（以动词do为例）： 时 态 构 成 例 句 一般现在 时态 am / is / are + done An apple is eaten by me every day. 一个苹果每天都被我吃掉。 一般过去 时态 was / were + done He was taken to the park by his mother yesterday. 昨天，他被妈妈带去了公园。 一般将来 时态 will be + done The child will be sent to his parents next week. 那个小孩子下个月将要被送回他的父母那里。 现在完成 时态 have / has been + done My homework has been finished by me. 我的作业已经被做完了。 现在进行 时态 am / is / are being + done A big bridge is being built in our city now. 一座大桥正在我们的城市被建造。 含有情态 动词 情态动词 + be + done Trees can be planted at the foot of the hill. 树可以被种在山脚下。  (五)主动语态变被动语态的方法 （1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 → I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. → A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。 （3）双宾语。含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 Give sb sth 间接宾语（人）直接宾语（物） My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 (1) The book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me. (2) The meat was cooked for us. (3) Some country music was played for us. （4））介词不乱丢。由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有： 不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about. 及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather 被动语态三注意 双宾语 直接宾语（物）作主语，动词后要用介词to或for。 He gave me some money. 他给了我一些钱。 → I was given some money by him. / Some money was give to me by him. 介词不乱丢 变被动时，不及物动词后跟的介词（或副词）不能丢掉。 We are looking for a book on Asia. 我们正在找一本关于亚洲的书。 → A book on Asia is being looked for by us. 还原to see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel sb. do sth.等变被动时，要还原to，把to加上。 She made me stand in front of the door. 她让我站在门前。 → I was made to stand in front of the door by her.   【边学边做】将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。 1. We ate some bananas last night.   Some bananas ________ ________ by us last night. 2. When will you hand in your homework?   When ________ your homework ________ ________ ________ ? 3. You must finish your homework first.   Your homework ________ ________ ________ first. 4. My mother has bought me a toy car.   A toy car ________ ________ ________ ________ me by my mother. 5. He looks after his father very well.   His father ________ ________ ________ very well by him. 6. I saw him cross the road just now.   He ________ ________ ________ ________ the road by me just now. 7. Do they tell you about it?   ________ you ________ about it by them? 8. They are reading a novel now.   A novel ________ ________ ________ by them now.   主动被动互变 1. People speak English in many countries.   ________________________________________ 2. The bike is being repaired.   (A worker)   ________________________________________ 3. He taught me Chinese last term.   ________________________________________ 4. Mum will buy me a T – shirt tomorrow.   ________________________________________ 5. She was seen reading a book.  (I)   ________________________________________ 6. They let the dog go.   ________________________________________ 7. The books have been taken from the library.  (The little boy)   ________________________________________ 眼明手快单词变形 10. Listen! A girl is heard __________ in the next room.  ( sing ) 11. The 29th Olympics __________in Beijing next year.   ( will hold ) 12. I think he __________ this work tomorrow morning.  ( finish ) 13. This building _________in zoo.  ( build ) 14. Do you know who ___________the telephone?  ( invent ) 15. They told me __________earlier tomorrow.  ( come ) 16. The boy is often seen __________ baseball by us.  ( play ) 单项选的就是你 （   ）17. She was seen ______ at this time yesterday.          A. dance   B. dancing   C. danced   D. to dance （   ）18. The man ______for more than ten hours a day.          A. made to work   B. was made working  C. was made work  D. was made to work （   ）19. The teacher must ______ carefully in class.          A. listen   B. be listened   C. be listened to   D. be listening （   ）20. A lot of tall buildings ________in our city last year.          A. are built   B. was built   C. were built   D. can be built （   ）21. Our classroom is clean and tidy. It ________every day.          A. is cleaned   B. is cleaning   C. cleans   D. cleaned （   ）22. How long may this book ________?          A. be keeping   B. kept   C. be kept   D. is kept （   ）23. When your homework _______, please hand it in.          A. did   B. do   C. done   D. is done  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $