Unit 1 Wise men in history 单元话题阅读理解练习-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（沪教牛津版）

Unit 1 Wise men in history 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 1 Wise men in history单元话题：历史人物 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 Do you know Li Shizhen? Have you ever read his work? Now, let me tell you something about him. He was one of the most famous doctors in Chinese history. He was born in Qichun, Hubei in 1518. Both of Li Shizhen’s father and grandfather were doctors. Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a country doctor who traveled in the countryside with a bag of herbs (药草) and medications and saved people. His father was a doctor who wrote several books. Li Shizhen used to help his father in his medical practice when he was young. Li Shizhen’s father wanted him to enter politics (从政). Li Shizhen studied for the exams and passed the country—level examination, but he was never able to pass the imperial (皇家的) examination. When he was 38, he saved the son of the Prince of Chu and was invited to be an official in that court (宫廷). A few years later, he became an official at the Imperial Medical Institute. Even though he realized his father’s dream, he didn’t want to continue working for the court. One year later, he left the court and returned to be a doctor again. Li Shizhen was famous for his book, Compendium of Materia Medica (《本草纲目》). He spent 27 years writing the book. Unluckily, Li Shizhen died before the book officially came out. It is such a successful book. Now it is still one of the most important medical books in China. 1．What was Li Shizhen’s grandfather? A．An official. B．A prince. C．A country doctor. D．A writer. 2．What did Li Shizhen’s father want Li Shizhen to do? A．To be a doctor. B．To write a book. C．To be a prince. D．To enter politics. 3．Who did Li Shizhen save at the age of 38? A．His grandfather. B．The son of the Prince of Chu. C．An official in that country. D．A famous doctor. 4．According to the passage, what was Li Shizhen famous for? A．Working for the court. B．The book, Compendium of Materia Medica. C．His long traveling. D．Saving a lot of people. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Li Shizhen’s Life. B．Li Shizhen’s Grandfather’s Life. C．Li Shizhen’s Father’s Life. D．Li Shizhen’s Book. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国历史上著名医学家李时珍的生平，包括他的家庭背景、早年经历、仕途及成就，重点提及了他花费27年撰写的《本草纲目》。 1．细节理解题。根据“Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a country doctor who traveled in the countryside with a bag of herbs and medications and saved people.”可知，李时珍的祖父是一名乡村医生。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Li Shizhen’s father wanted him to enter politics.”可知，李时珍的父亲希望他从政。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“When he was 38, he saved the son of the Prince of Chu”可知，李时珍38岁时救了楚王的儿子。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Li Shizhen was famous for his book, Compendium of Materia Medica.”可知，李时珍因《本草纲目》一书而闻名。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。文章围绕李时珍的一生展开，介绍了他的家庭、经历和成就，因此最佳标题是“李时珍的一生”。故选A。 During the Jin Dynasty (晋代), there was a child named Che Yin (车胤). He was smart and loved to read. However, his family was too poor to buy lamp oil for him to study at night. One summer night, he was reading when he saw many fireflies (萤火虫) lighting up the sky. Suddenly, he had a good idea. He found a silk bag, caught as many fireflies as he could, and hung up this bag. Although it wasn’t as bright as a lamp, it worked so well that he could use the light to read. It’s said that he spent all his summer nights reading like this. Another child named Sun Kang (孙康) in the Jin Dynasty also loved reading. One night during winter, Sun used up all of his lamp oil and couldn’t study at night. When he woke up at midnight, he saw the snow reflecting (反射) the moonlight outside his house. “Oh, I can use the reflected light to read,” he thought. He took out his books and read, even though he was very cold. Both kids later became successful government officials because of their hard work. People were touched by their spirit and turned their stories into a Chinese idiom (成语). 1．Why did Che Yin catch the fireflies? A．To send them as gifts. B．To use them as light. C．To keep them as pets. D．To sell them for money. 2．Which is the right order (顺序) of Che Yin’s story? a. He used a silk bag to catch some fireflies. b. He became a successful government official. c. He couldn’t buy lamp oil because he was poor. d. He hung his special bag up as a light to read books. A．dacb B．dcab C．cadb D．cbad 3．What do Che Yin and Sun Kang have in common (相同点) according to the passage? A．They both liked nature and animals. B．Their stories both happened in summer. C．Their families were both able to buy lamp oil. D．They were both hard-working and successful. 4．What is the Chinese idiom behind the two stories? A．囊萤映雪 B．凿壁偷光 C．悬梁刺股 D．废寝忘食 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Many hands make light work. B．God (上帝) helps those who help themselves. C．Actions (行动) speak louder than words. D．Failure (失败) is the mother of success. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了晋代的车胤和孙康克服困难坚持读书的故事，并由此衍生出成语“囊萤映雪”。 1．细节理解题。根据“He found a silk bag, caught as many fireflies as he could, and hung up this bag… he could use the light to read”可知，车胤捕捉萤火虫是为了利用它们的光来读书。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“However, his family was too poor to buy lamp oil for him to study at night.”、“He found a silk bag, caught as many fireflies as he could, and hung up this bag.”和“Both kids later became successful government officials because of their hard work.”可知，车胤故事的正确顺序为：首先车胤因贫穷买不起灯油，然后车胤用丝袋捕捉萤火虫，之后悬挂袋子作为光源读书，最后车胤成为成功官员。即cadb正确。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Both kids later became successful government officials because of their hard work.”可知，两人的共同点是勤奋且最终成功。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“One summer night, he was reading when he saw many fireflies (萤火虫) lighting up the sky.”和“he saw the snow reflecting (反射) the moonlight outside his house.”可知，两个故事后的中文成语应该与捕捉萤火虫照明以及用雪照明有关，即囊萤映雪。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了晋代两位勤奋好学的孩子车胤和孙康克服困难坚持读书的故事。告诉我们天道酬勤的道理。故选B。 In ancient China, terrible floods (洪水) caused great trouble as the Yellow River swept across the land. Villages were underwater, plants were gone and life was very hard for people. Emperor Yao asked Gun to stop the floods. He tried to build big walls. However, after working on it for nine years, he found that the walls didn’t work. When Shun became the emperor, he sent Gun’s son, Dayu, to solve the flood problem. He learned from his father’s experience and decided to try a different way. Instead of stopping the water, he wanted to guide it. Dayu worked very hard for 12 years to stop the floods. He dug many channels (渠道) and canals (运河) to guide the water away. He was so dedicated (专心致志的) that he passed by his own home three times without going in to see his family. Dayu also called on people to help. They worked side by side digging through hard stones and rocks. Everyone played a part, from young people to the old. In the 13th year, they succeeded in controlling the floods. Because of this, the land dried up and became good for farming again. This allowed people to live safely and happily. This is the story of Dayu Controlling the Floods. It shows that with the spirit of never giving up and being smart in finding solutions (解决办法), people can solve even the hardest problems. It is said that Dayu passed by his own home three times without going in. This has become a famous story and is still told by people today. 1．What did Gun do to stop the floods according to the passage? A．He dug deeper rivers. B．He built big walls. C．He moved the villagers away. D．He asked people to plant more trees. 2．Who sent Dayu to control the floods? A．Emperor Yao. B．Emperor Shun. C．His father Gun. D．Emperor Huang. 3．How did Dayu control the floods? A．By using the stones and rocks to stop the water. B．By building walls as the protection along the river. C．By digging channels and canals to guide the water away. D．By using the power of the gods. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Dayu’s story is still popular with many people nowadays. B．Only the young people helped Dayu control the floods for 12 years. C．People could no longer use the land for farming after the floods. D．Dayu’s father also succeeded in controlling the floods in the end. 5．What does the story mainly tell us? A．People can always be stronger than the forces of nature. B．We all need to get help from others in the face of challenges. C．Working smartly and never giving up are the keys to success. D．We should always depend on our own strength to solve problems. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国古代大禹治水的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Emperor Yao asked Gun to stop the floods. He tried to build big walls.” 可知，鲧为阻止洪水建造了大墙。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“When Shun became the emperor, he sent Gun’s son, Dayu, to solve the flood problem.”可知，是舜帝派大禹去治水。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“He dug many channels (渠道) and canals (运河) to guide the water away.”可知，大禹通过挖掘渠道和运河疏导洪水。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“It is said that Dayu passed by his own home three times without going in. This has become a famous story and is still told by people today.”可知，大禹的故事至今仍被人们传颂，很受欢迎。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“It shows that with the spirit of never giving up and being smart in finding solutions (解决办法), people can solve even the hardest problems.” 可知，故事主要告诉我们，聪明找办法且永不放弃是成功解决问题的关键。故选C。 One day, a man named Zhang Liang noticed an old man sitting on a bridge. One of the old man’s shoes fell under the bridge. “Hey you! Go over there and get my shoe! And put it on my foot!” the old man shouted at Zhang Liang. “How rude!” Zhang Liang thought. “But he’s an elder. I should do it and help him.” He got the shoe and put it on the old man’s foot. “This young man is worth (值得) teaching,” the old man thought. He said, “Come back in five days. Meet me here on the bridge.Come early!” Five days later, Zhang Liang went to the bridge. The old man was already there. “You’ve kept me waiting!” the old man said angrily. “Come back in five days!” Five days later, Zhang Liang woke up as the sun rose. He raced to the bridge. However, he found the old man was already there. He was asked to get there in another five days. This time, Zhang Liang arrived at the bridge at night. He spent the whole night there. When the old man came the next early morning, he smiled and said, “This young man is worth teaching.” Then he handed a book to Zhang Liang. “After you read this, you can become an advisor to the ruler (统治者),” he told Zhang Liang. Zhang Liang read the book carefully. Years later, he became a military (军事的) advisor to Liu Bang. 1．What did the elder ask Zhang Liang to do for him? A．Buy the shoe B．Put on the shoe C．Throw the shoe D．Repair the shoe 2．How many times did Zhang Liang meet the elder on the bridge? A．Two times B．Three times C．Four times D．Five times 3．Why did the elder ask Zhang Liang to meet him over and over? A．He wanted to test the young man. B．He thought the young man was silly C．He found the young man was clever. D．He wanted to give him some money 4．Which of the following words can best describe Zhang Liang? A．Helpful but silly B．Smart but lazy C．Kind and patient D．Polite and honest 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了“孺子可教”这一成语的典故。 1．细节理解题。根据“‘Hey you! Go over there and get my shoe! And put it on my foot!’ the old man shouted at Zhang Liang.”可知，老人让张良给他穿鞋。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“a man named Zhang Liang noticed an old man sitting on a bridge.”“Come back in five days. Meet me here on the bridge.Come early!”“Come back in five days!”及“He was asked to get there in another five days.”可知，张良在桥上见了老人四次。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“This young man is worth (值得) teaching,”及“‘This young man is worth teaching.’ Then he handed a book to Zhang Liang.”可知，老人让张良一次又一次地去见他是想测试一下他。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“‘But he’s an elder. I should do it and help him.’ He got the shoe and put it on the old man’s foot.”及“Five days later, Zhang Liang went to the bridge.”“Five days later, Zhang Liang woke up as the sun rose. He raced to the bridge.”“This time, Zhang Liang arrived at the bridge at night.”可知，张良帮老人穿鞋，说明他很善良，他一次又一次的按照老人要求来见面，说明他很有耐心。故选C。 When people eat, western people are used to using knives and forks, but Chinese people are used to using chopsticks. More than 3000 years ago, Chinese people ate with chopsticks. Who invented the chopsticks? Long ago, Chinese people used to eat with their hands. In Shang Dynasty, the last king, Zhou was cruel. He always killed people because the food was too hot or too cold. It made people afraid to serve him. His favorite Daji was also afraid. One day Daji served King Zhou his meal. When she tried the dish for the king, she found that it was too hot. Daji felt very nervous because the king would be angry. Suddenly she had an idea and she used two pieces of her long hairpins (发簪) to put the food to the king’s mouth. The King Zhou found it so interesting to eat with two long sticks that he forgot how hot the food was. After that, Daji thought it was a good way to solve this problem and asked people to make two long-thin gold sticks. People found it better to eat with sticks than with their hands. But they were too poor to afford the gold sticks. Then they found bamboo was good material to make chopsticks. Since then, people have invented chopsticks. 1．What does the underlined word “cruel” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Polite. B．Standard. C．Harsh. D．Personal. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．King Zhou was cruel. B．Daji was excited to find the food was hot. C．King Zhou was interested in sticks. D．King Zhou ate with bamboo chopsticks. 3．Which of the following can best describe Daji? A．Crazy. B．Careless. C．Smart. D．Impolite. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Daji’s Hairpins B．Two Gold Sticks C．The Function of Chopsticks D．The Invention of Chopsticks 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要通过商纣王和妲己的传说，讲述了中国筷子的发明故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第2段画线词后文“He always killed people because the food was too hot or too cold”可知，他常因食物太烫或太凉而杀人。可推知，cruel意为“残忍的”，与“Harsh”同义。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。阅读第2段，根据“the last king, Zhou was cruel. He always killed people because the food was too hot or too cold. It made people afraid to serve him.”可知，主要讲的是商纣王的残暴。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第3段“Suddenly she had an idea and she used two pieces of her long hairpins (发簪) to put the food to the king’s mouth.”可知，妲己灵机一动用发簪喂食，体现妲己机智。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要通过商纣王和妲己的传说，讲述了中国筷子的发明故事。故选D。 One day, a man named Zhang Liang noticed an old man sitting on a bridge. He watched as the old man threw one of his shoes away. “Hey you! Go to get my shoe! And put it on my foot!” the old man shouted at Zhang Liang. “How rude,” Zhang Liang thought. “But he’s an elder. I should do this thing and help him.” He got the shoe and put it on the old man’s foot. “This young man is worth teaching,” the old man said. “Come back in five days. Meet me here on the bridge. Come early!” Five days later, Zhang Liang went to the bridge. The old man was already there. “You’ve kept me waiting!” the old man said angrily. “Come back in five days!” Five days later, Zhang Liang woke up as the sun rose. He raced to the bridge. Again, he found the old man was already there. He had to come in another five days. Five days later, after midnight, Zhang Liang rushed to the bridge. This time, he arrived before the old man. When the old man arrived, he smiled and said, “This young man is worth teaching.” Then he handed a book to Zhang Liang. “After you read this, you’ll become an advisor (军师) to the emperor,” he told Zhang Liang. Zhang Liang studied the book, Years later, he became a military advisor to Liu Bang. 1．What kind of text is this passage? A．A story. B．A play. C．A letter. D．A report. 2．What did the elder ask Zhang Liang to do for him? A．Hold the shoe. B．Put on the shoe. C．Throw the shoe. D．Repair the shoe. 3．How many times did Zhang Liang meet the elder? A．Two times. B．Three times. C．Four times. D．Five times. 4．Why did the elder make Zhang Liang meet him over and over? A．He wanted to test the young man. B．He thought the young man was silly. C．He found the young man was clever. D．He wanted to give him some money. 5．What did the writer want to tell us? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Get up early and don’t be lazy. C．Take care of the old and keep your word. D．Being brave can help you succeed. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了张良遇到一位老人，老人通过让张良捡鞋穿鞋以及多次要求张良按时在桥上见面等方式考验他，最终认可张良并送给他一本书，张良研读后成为刘邦的军师。文章通过这个故事，传达了要尊重老人、遵守承诺的道理。 1．推理判断题。本文围绕张良和老人之间发生的一系列事件展开，有起因、经过和结果，符合故事的特征。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“‘Hey you! Go to get my shoe! And put it on my foot!’ the old man shouted at Zhang Liang.”可知，老人让张良去把鞋捡回来并给他穿上，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章内容，张良一共与老人见了四次面，第一次老人让张良捡鞋穿鞋；第二次、第三次老人因张良来晚让他五天后再来；第四次张良提前到达见到老人，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“‘This young man is worth teaching,’ the old man said. ‘Come back in five days. Meet me here on the bridge. Come early!’”以及后面几次让张良反复前来见面的情节可知，老人反复让张良见面是想考验这个年轻人，故选A。 5．主旨大意题。本文通过讲述张良面对老人屡次无礼的要求，都因老人是长辈而帮忙，并且多次遵守约定按时去桥上与老人见面，体现了他对老人的照顾和对承诺的坚守。故选C。 During the Spring and Autumn Period (770—476 BC), the state of Wu and the state of Yue were neighbors in the south. They fought each other for several years. In one war in 496 BC, the king of Wu died. Later, his son, Fu Chai, became the new king. He made a decision to take revenge (复仇) for his father’s death. A few years later, the state of Wu beat the state of Yue and caught his king, Gou Jian. Fu Chai ordered him to keep horses. Gou Jian pretended (假装) to be nice to Fu Chai. When the king became ill, Gou Jian looked after him day and night. Finally, Gou Jian got the chance to go back to his own state. After returning, Gou Jian began to prepare to fight against the state of Wu again. To remind himself of his hard days in the state of Wu, he slept on firewood and tasted the gall (胆汁) before having dinner and going to bed. And he kept telling himself, “Don’t forget the days in the state of Wu!” For years, Gou Jian worked in the fields with farmers and made every effort to build up the state of Yue. Soon the state of Yue became stronger and people started to live better lives. In 473 BC, Gou Jian led an army and took over the state of Wu. Those who fall from greatness can still succeed again, as long as they have the will. 1．When did the king of Wu die? A．In 770 BC． B．In 476 BC． C．In 496 BC． D．In 473 BC． 2．Why did Gou Jian sleep on firewood and taste the gall every day? A．Because he missed his free life in the state of Wu. B．Because he tried to remind himself of the days in the state of Wu. C．Because he wanted to make Fu Chai believe him. D．Because he liked the smell of the wood and gall. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Experience must be bought. B．Still waters run deep. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Where there is a will, there is a way. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过越王勾践在吴国受辱后，卧薪尝胆、励精图治最终击败吴国的故事，阐明了“有志者事竟成”的道理——即使遭遇挫折，只要有坚定的意志，仍能重新成功。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In one war in 496 BC, the king of Wu died.”可知，吴王死于公元前496年。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To remind himself of his hard days in the state of Wu, he slept on firewood and tasted the gall...”可知，他的目的是提醒自己在吴国的艰难日子，以激励自己复仇。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。综合全文，尤其是根据最后一段“Those who fall from greatness can still succeed again, as long as they have the will.”可知，本文通过勾践的故事传达了一个核心道理：失败者只要意志坚定 (have the will)，仍能东山再起。故选D。 In the Tang Dynasty, there was a famous poet named Li He who was born in 790. He was called the Three Li of the Tang Dynasty together with Li Bai and Li Shangyin. He started to write poems at the age of seven and was very talented in this field. At that time , before writing a poem, most other poets would first decide on a theme (主题) for it. Li, however, was different from them. Every morning, Li carried a bag and rode around on his horse. When he came across something that inspired him, he would immediately write it down on paper and put it in the bag. When he returned home in the evening, he would sort out (整理) the drafts (草稿) he had written and perfect them. The poet went out almost every day in order to write his poems. His mother was very worried about him, because Li had been in poor health since he was a child. “You shouldn’t spend all your energy on writing poems,” she said to her son. “Must you exhaust (使筋疲力尽) yourself to the point of vomiting blood (吐血) before you stop? ” Li, however, did not listen to his mother’s advice and continued to write poems. Sadly, his health kept worsening and in the end, the poet died at the young age of 27 (or 24). In his short life, though, he left behind many great poems. All of them were created with his life’s energy. 1．When did Li He begin to write poems? A．In 783. B．In 790. C．In 797. D．In 816. 2．Why was Li He different from other poets on writing poems? A．Because he wrote poems without deciding on a theme first. B．Because he wrote poems on his horse. C．Because he was in poor health. D．Because he didn’t write poems with others. 3．Why did Li He’s mother ask him not to spend all his energy on writing poems? A．Because his mother wanted him to help with her work. B．Because he couldn’t make money by writing poems. C．Because his mother thought Li Bai’s poems were better than his. D．Because his mother was worried about his health. 4．What does the underlined word “worsening” probably mean? A．Becoming stronger. B．Becoming weaker. C．Becoming more excited. D．Becoming healthier. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文讲述了唐代诗人李贺的生平轶事。 1．推理判断题。根据“there was a famous poet named Li He who was born in 790”和“He started to write poems at the age of seven”可知，离李贺出生于790年，在7岁时开始写诗，也就是797年。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“At that time , before writing a poem, most other poets would first decide on a theme for it.”和第三段描述可知，当时大多数诗人在写诗前会先确定一个主题，但李贺不同。他每天骑马外出，遇到灵感就立即写下，回家后再整理成诗。因此，李贺的特点是不先确定主题，而是根据灵感直接写诗。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“His mother was very worried about him, because Li had been in poor health since he was a child.”可知，他的母亲是出于对李贺健康的担忧。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。 根据“Sadly, his health kept worsening and in the end, the poet died at the young age of 27 (or 24).”可知，李贺的健康状况一直在恶化，最终英年早逝。因此，“worsening”在这里表示“变得更差”或“变得更弱”。故选B。 重难语篇提升练 Born in Hubei in 1518 in the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen is a famous medical scholar who has sort of the same position as Leonardo da Vinci in the West. Both his father and grandfather were doctors. His father wanted him to enter the government by passing the Imperial Examination. Li studied for the exams and passed the country-level examination, but he was never able to pass the Imperial Examination. When he was 27, he cured (治愈) the son of a Chu prince and was invited to be a doctor and official (官员) at court. A few years later, he became an official at the Imperial Medical Institute. During the year he spent there, he could see rare and old medical texts. He thought the available medical texts were inaccurate (不精确的) and even had dangerous misinformation. So he wanted to write the most accurate natural medical text. To research for his book Bencao Gangmu, he traveled a lot and gained first-hand experience, and he consulted (查阅) hundreds of books. He worked on it for decades and tried to have it published both by a private printer and by the court. The book was divided into many volumes (卷，一册). Li tried his best to make it accurate and complete. It is useful for scholarly reference (学术参考). It includes material on his understanding of geology, physics and other topics. It also includes a very long list of references. Li Shizhen stood out as a very hard-working scholar who tried to help people by writing the best medical books. And his Bencao Gangmu was considered the greatest scientific achievement of the Ming Dynasty. He wrote many books on medical subjects, but only three survive (继续存在) to the present. 1．What did Li Shizhen’s father want him to be? A．A doctor. B．A writer. C．An official. D．An artist. 2．Why was Li Shizhen invited to be a doctor and official? A．Because he was a famous medical scholar. B．Because his father and grandfather were doctors. C．Because he cured the son of a Chu prince. D．Because he wanted to write the most accurate medical book. 3．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Li Shizhen was born in a medical family. B．Li Shizhen traveled a lot to do research for his book. C．Bencao Gangmu is mainly a medical book. D．Bencao Gangmu only includes medical knowledge. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Li Shizhen’s achievements. B．Li Shizhen’s character. C．Li Shizhen’s life. D．Li Shizhen’s best medical books. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述李时珍出身医药之家，是明朝著名的医药学家，他的《本草纲目》实乃集中国传统医学之大成的著作。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His father wanted him to enter the government by passing the Imperial Examination.”可知，李时珍的父亲希望他能入朝为官。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When he was 27, he cured (治愈) the son of a Chu prince and was invited to be a doctor and official (官员) at court.”可知，27岁时，他治好了一位楚国王子的儿子，并受邀成为一名医生和朝廷官员。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It includes material on his understanding of geology, physics and other topics.”可知，《本草纲目》除了医药知识外，还涉及了李时珍对地质学、物理学等的理解内容。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段主要谈的是李时珍的成就。故选A。 Shang Yang was a politician (政治家) of the Qin state. He was very wise and forward-thinking. He worked out several reform (改革) plans for the state, including focusing on farming and giving rewards (奖励) to soldiers who were successful during wars. But at the beginning, these reforms were not easily carried out. Only a few people in the state understood Shang’s talent and the advantages of his plans. Most people had little trust and confidence in him. To solve this problem, Shang came up with an idea. He ordered some soldiers to put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin state capital. This attracted many people. Then, in front of the crowd, he said loudly, “People of Qin, whoever takes this pole to the north gate will get a reward of 10 gold pieces.” It was a simple task and the reward was big. Some people passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought that Shang was joking. Hearing no answer, Shang stepped forward and said, “I will increase the reward to 50 gold pieces.” The words sounded even more unbelievable. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward to take the pole. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces. Soon, the people were saying that Shang was a man of his word. When he began promoting (推行) his reforms, the people followed and did not question him. Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states, becoming the first empire (帝国) of China. Later, people drew the Chinese idiom “立木取信” from this story. 1．Shang Yang’s reforms ________. A．were never trusted by people B．made Qin grow strong C．were carried out easily at the beginning D．focused on farming and education 2．What does the underlined phrase “a man of his word” mean? A．A man who can keep his promises. B．A man who is talkative. C．A man who is good at arguing. D．A man who often has words with others. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①/②/③/④⑤⑥⑦ B．①/②/③④⑤/⑥⑦ C．①②③/④⑤/⑥⑦ D．①②/③④/⑤⑥⑦ 4．What is the most important lesson from Shang Yang’s story? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Keeping promises builds trust. C．Money can solve all problems. D．New ideas are always resisted (抵制). 5．Where can you probably read this passage? A．A travel guide. B．A health magazine. C．A history storybook. D．A business newspaper. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了商鞅立木取信的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states, becoming the first empire (帝国) of China.”可知，商鞅的改革使秦国变得强大。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces.”可知，商鞅信守了他的承诺，奖励了那个人50枚金币，因此划线单词表示“信守承诺的人”。故选A。 3．篇章结构题。第一段介绍商鞅的基本情况及改革内容；第二段介绍改革中遇到的困难；第三到第五段介绍他是如何解决困难的；第六、七段介绍改革的成就。B选项符合文章结构。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Later, people drew the Chinese idiom ‘立木取信’ from this story.”可知，从商鞅的故事中我们学到了遵守承诺的重要性。故选B。 5．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了商鞅立木取信的故事，属于历史故事，可以在历史故事书中读到。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Wise men in history 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 1 Wise men in history单元话题：历史人物 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 Do you know Li Shizhen? Have you ever read his work? Now, let me tell you something about him. He was one of the most famous doctors in Chinese history. He was born in Qichun, Hubei in 1518. Both of Li Shizhen’s father and grandfather were doctors. Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a country doctor who traveled in the countryside with a bag of herbs (药草) and medications and saved people. His father was a doctor who wrote several books. Li Shizhen used to help his father in his medical practice when he was young. Li Shizhen’s father wanted him to enter politics (从政). Li Shizhen studied for the exams and passed the country—level examination, but he was never able to pass the imperial (皇家的) examination. When he was 38, he saved the son of the Prince of Chu and was invited to be an official in that court (宫廷). A few years later, he became an official at the Imperial Medical Institute. Even though he realized his father’s dream, he didn’t want to continue working for the court. One year later, he left the court and returned to be a doctor again. Li Shizhen was famous for his book, Compendium of Materia Medica (《本草纲目》). He spent 27 years writing the book. Unluckily, Li Shizhen died before the book officially came out. It is such a successful book. Now it is still one of the most important medical books in China. 1．What was Li Shizhen’s grandfather? A．An official. B．A prince. C．A country doctor. D．A writer. 2．What did Li Shizhen’s father want Li Shizhen to do? A．To be a doctor. B．To write a book. C．To be a prince. D．To enter politics. 3．Who did Li Shizhen save at the age of 38? A．His grandfather. B．The son of the Prince of Chu. C．An official in that country. D．A famous doctor. 4．According to the passage, what was Li Shizhen famous for? A．Working for the court. B．The book, Compendium of Materia Medica. C．His long traveling. D．Saving a lot of people. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Li Shizhen’s Life. B．Li Shizhen’s Grandfather’s Life. C．Li Shizhen’s Father’s Life. D．Li Shizhen’s Book. During the Jin Dynasty (晋代), there was a child named Che Yin (车胤). He was smart and loved to read. However, his family was too poor to buy lamp oil for him to study at night. One summer night, he was reading when he saw many fireflies (萤火虫) lighting up the sky. Suddenly, he had a good idea. He found a silk bag, caught as many fireflies as he could, and hung up this bag. Although it wasn’t as bright as a lamp, it worked so well that he could use the light to read. It’s said that he spent all his summer nights reading like this. Another child named Sun Kang (孙康) in the Jin Dynasty also loved reading. One night during winter, Sun used up all of his lamp oil and couldn’t study at night. When he woke up at midnight, he saw the snow reflecting (反射) the moonlight outside his house. “Oh, I can use the reflected light to read,” he thought. He took out his books and read, even though he was very cold. Both kids later became successful government officials because of their hard work. People were touched by their spirit and turned their stories into a Chinese idiom (成语). 1．Why did Che Yin catch the fireflies? A．To send them as gifts. B．To use them as light. C．To keep them as pets. D．To sell them for money. 2．Which is the right order (顺序) of Che Yin’s story? a. He used a silk bag to catch some fireflies. b. He became a successful government official. c. He couldn’t buy lamp oil because he was poor. d. He hung his special bag up as a light to read books. A．dacb B．dcab C．cadb D．cbad 3．What do Che Yin and Sun Kang have in common (相同点) according to the passage? A．They both liked nature and animals. B．Their stories both happened in summer. C．Their families were both able to buy lamp oil. D．They were both hard-working and successful. 4．What is the Chinese idiom behind the two stories? A．囊萤映雪 B．凿壁偷光 C．悬梁刺股 D．废寝忘食 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Many hands make light work. B．God (上帝) helps those who help themselves. C．Actions (行动) speak louder than words. D．Failure (失败) is the mother of success. In ancient China, terrible floods (洪水) caused great trouble as the Yellow River swept across the land. Villages were underwater, plants were gone and life was very hard for people. Emperor Yao asked Gun to stop the floods. He tried to build big walls. However, after working on it for nine years, he found that the walls didn’t work. When Shun became the emperor, he sent Gun’s son, Dayu, to solve the flood problem. He learned from his father’s experience and decided to try a different way. Instead of stopping the water, he wanted to guide it. Dayu worked very hard for 12 years to stop the floods. He dug many channels (渠道) and canals (运河) to guide the water away. He was so dedicated (专心致志的) that he passed by his own home three times without going in to see his family. Dayu also called on people to help. They worked side by side digging through hard stones and rocks. Everyone played a part, from young people to the old. In the 13th year, they succeeded in controlling the floods. Because of this, the land dried up and became good for farming again. This allowed people to live safely and happily. This is the story of Dayu Controlling the Floods. It shows that with the spirit of never giving up and being smart in finding solutions (解决办法), people can solve even the hardest problems. It is said that Dayu passed by his own home three times without going in. This has become a famous story and is still told by people today. 1．What did Gun do to stop the floods according to the passage? A．He dug deeper rivers. B．He built big walls. C．He moved the villagers away. D．He asked people to plant more trees. 2．Who sent Dayu to control the floods? A．Emperor Yao. B．Emperor Shun. C．His father Gun. D．Emperor Huang. 3．How did Dayu control the floods? A．By using the stones and rocks to stop the water. B．By building walls as the protection along the river. C．By digging channels and canals to guide the water away. D．By using the power of the gods. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Dayu’s story is still popular with many people nowadays. B．Only the young people helped Dayu control the floods for 12 years. C．People could no longer use the land for farming after the floods. D．Dayu’s father also succeeded in controlling the floods in the end. 5．What does the story mainly tell us? A．People can always be stronger than the forces of nature. B．We all need to get help from others in the face of challenges. C．Working smartly and never giving up are the keys to success. D．We should always depend on our own strength to solve problems. One day, a man named Zhang Liang noticed an old man sitting on a bridge. One of the old man’s shoes fell under the bridge. “Hey you! Go over there and get my shoe! And put it on my foot!” the old man shouted at Zhang Liang. “How rude!” Zhang Liang thought. “But he’s an elder. I should do it and help him.” He got the shoe and put it on the old man’s foot. “This young man is worth (值得) teaching,” the old man thought. He said, “Come back in five days. Meet me here on the bridge.Come early!” Five days later, Zhang Liang went to the bridge. The old man was already there. “You’ve kept me waiting!” the old man said angrily. “Come back in five days!” Five days later, Zhang Liang woke up as the sun rose. He raced to the bridge. However, he found the old man was already there. He was asked to get there in another five days. This time, Zhang Liang arrived at the bridge at night. He spent the whole night there. When the old man came the next early morning, he smiled and said, “This young man is worth teaching.” Then he handed a book to Zhang Liang. “After you read this, you can become an advisor to the ruler (统治者),” he told Zhang Liang. Zhang Liang read the book carefully. Years later, he became a military (军事的) advisor to Liu Bang. 1．What did the elder ask Zhang Liang to do for him? A．Buy the shoe B．Put on the shoe C．Throw the shoe D．Repair the shoe 2．How many times did Zhang Liang meet the elder on the bridge? A．Two times B．Three times C．Four times D．Five times 3．Why did the elder ask Zhang Liang to meet him over and over? A．He wanted to test the young man. B．He thought the young man was silly C．He found the young man was clever. D．He wanted to give him some money 4．Which of the following words can best describe Zhang Liang? A．Helpful but silly B．Smart but lazy C．Kind and patient D．Polite and honest When people eat, western people are used to using knives and forks, but Chinese people are used to using chopsticks. More than 3000 years ago, Chinese people ate with chopsticks. Who invented the chopsticks? Long ago, Chinese people used to eat with their hands. In Shang Dynasty, the last king, Zhou was cruel. He always killed people because the food was too hot or too cold. It made people afraid to serve him. His favorite Daji was also afraid. One day Daji served King Zhou his meal. When she tried the dish for the king, she found that it was too hot. Daji felt very nervous because the king would be angry. Suddenly she had an idea and she used two pieces of her long hairpins (发簪) to put the food to the king’s mouth. The King Zhou found it so interesting to eat with two long sticks that he forgot how hot the food was. After that, Daji thought it was a good way to solve this problem and asked people to make two long-thin gold sticks. People found it better to eat with sticks than with their hands. But they were too poor to afford the gold sticks. Then they found bamboo was good material to make chopsticks. Since then, people have invented chopsticks. 1．What does the underlined word “cruel” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Polite. B．Standard. C．Harsh. D．Personal. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．King Zhou was cruel. B．Daji was excited to find the food was hot. C．King Zhou was interested in sticks. D．King Zhou ate with bamboo chopsticks. 3．Which of the following can best describe Daji? A．Crazy. B．Careless. C．Smart. D．Impolite. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Daji’s Hairpins B．Two Gold Sticks C．The Function of Chopsticks D．The Invention of Chopsticks One day, a man named Zhang Liang noticed an old man sitting on a bridge. He watched as the old man threw one of his shoes away. “Hey you! Go to get my shoe! And put it on my foot!” the old man shouted at Zhang Liang. “How rude,” Zhang Liang thought. “But he’s an elder. I should do this thing and help him.” He got the shoe and put it on the old man’s foot. “This young man is worth teaching,” the old man said. “Come back in five days. Meet me here on the bridge. Come early!” Five days later, Zhang Liang went to the bridge. The old man was already there. “You’ve kept me waiting!” the old man said angrily. “Come back in five days!” Five days later, Zhang Liang woke up as the sun rose. He raced to the bridge. Again, he found the old man was already there. He had to come in another five days. Five days later, after midnight, Zhang Liang rushed to the bridge. This time, he arrived before the old man. When the old man arrived, he smiled and said, “This young man is worth teaching.” Then he handed a book to Zhang Liang. “After you read this, you’ll become an advisor (军师) to the emperor,” he told Zhang Liang. Zhang Liang studied the book, Years later, he became a military advisor to Liu Bang. 1．What kind of text is this passage? A．A story. B．A play. C．A letter. D．A report. 2．What did the elder ask Zhang Liang to do for him? A．Hold the shoe. B．Put on the shoe. C．Throw the shoe. D．Repair the shoe. 3．How many times did Zhang Liang meet the elder? A．Two times. B．Three times. C．Four times. D．Five times. 4．Why did the elder make Zhang Liang meet him over and over? A．He wanted to test the young man. B．He thought the young man was silly. C．He found the young man was clever. D．He wanted to give him some money. 5．What did the writer want to tell us? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Get up early and don’t be lazy. C．Take care of the old and keep your word. D．Being brave can help you succeed. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770—476 BC), the state of Wu and the state of Yue were neighbors in the south. They fought each other for several years. In one war in 496 BC, the king of Wu died. Later, his son, Fu Chai, became the new king. He made a decision to take revenge (复仇) for his father’s death. A few years later, the state of Wu beat the state of Yue and caught his king, Gou Jian. Fu Chai ordered him to keep horses. Gou Jian pretended (假装) to be nice to Fu Chai. When the king became ill, Gou Jian looked after him day and night. Finally, Gou Jian got the chance to go back to his own state. After returning, Gou Jian began to prepare to fight against the state of Wu again. To remind himself of his hard days in the state of Wu, he slept on firewood and tasted the gall (胆汁) before having dinner and going to bed. And he kept telling himself, “Don’t forget the days in the state of Wu!” For years, Gou Jian worked in the fields with farmers and made every effort to build up the state of Yue. Soon the state of Yue became stronger and people started to live better lives. In 473 BC, Gou Jian led an army and took over the state of Wu. Those who fall from greatness can still succeed again, as long as they have the will. 1．When did the king of Wu die? A．In 770 BC． B．In 476 BC． C．In 496 BC． D．In 473 BC． 2．Why did Gou Jian sleep on firewood and taste the gall every day? A．Because he missed his free life in the state of Wu. B．Because he tried to remind himself of the days in the state of Wu. C．Because he wanted to make Fu Chai believe him. D．Because he liked the smell of the wood and gall. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Experience must be bought. B．Still waters run deep. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Where there is a will, there is a way. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a famous poet named Li He who was born in 790. He was called the Three Li of the Tang Dynasty together with Li Bai and Li Shangyin. He started to write poems at the age of seven and was very talented in this field. At that time , before writing a poem, most other poets would first decide on a theme (主题) for it. Li, however, was different from them. Every morning, Li carried a bag and rode around on his horse. When he came across something that inspired him, he would immediately write it down on paper and put it in the bag. When he returned home in the evening, he would sort out (整理) the drafts (草稿) he had written and perfect them. The poet went out almost every day in order to write his poems. His mother was very worried about him, because Li had been in poor health since he was a child. “You shouldn’t spend all your energy on writing poems,” she said to her son. “Must you exhaust (使筋疲力尽) yourself to the point of vomiting blood (吐血) before you stop? ” Li, however, did not listen to his mother’s advice and continued to write poems. Sadly, his health kept worsening and in the end, the poet died at the young age of 27 (or 24). In his short life, though, he left behind many great poems. All of them were created with his life’s energy. 1．When did Li He begin to write poems? A．In 783. B．In 790. C．In 797. D．In 816. 2．Why was Li He different from other poets on writing poems? A．Because he wrote poems without deciding on a theme first. B．Because he wrote poems on his horse. C．Because he was in poor health. D．Because he didn’t write poems with others. 3．Why did Li He’s mother ask him not to spend all his energy on writing poems? A．Because his mother wanted him to help with her work. B．Because he couldn’t make money by writing poems. C．Because his mother thought Li Bai’s poems were better than his. D．Because his mother was worried about his health. 4．What does the underlined word “worsening” probably mean? A．Becoming stronger. B．Becoming weaker. C．Becoming more excited. D．Becoming healthier. 重难语篇提升练 Born in Hubei in 1518 in the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen is a famous medical scholar who has sort of the same position as Leonardo da Vinci in the West. Both his father and grandfather were doctors. His father wanted him to enter the government by passing the Imperial Examination. Li studied for the exams and passed the country-level examination, but he was never able to pass the Imperial Examination. When he was 27, he cured (治愈) the son of a Chu prince and was invited to be a doctor and official (官员) at court. A few years later, he became an official at the Imperial Medical Institute. During the year he spent there, he could see rare and old medical texts. He thought the available medical texts were inaccurate (不精确的) and even had dangerous misinformation. So he wanted to write the most accurate natural medical text. To research for his book Bencao Gangmu, he traveled a lot and gained first-hand experience, and he consulted (查阅) hundreds of books. He worked on it for decades and tried to have it published both by a private printer and by the court. The book was divided into many volumes (卷，一册). Li tried his best to make it accurate and complete. It is useful for scholarly reference (学术参考). It includes material on his understanding of geology, physics and other topics. It also includes a very long list of references. Li Shizhen stood out as a very hard-working scholar who tried to help people by writing the best medical books. And his Bencao Gangmu was considered the greatest scientific achievement of the Ming Dynasty. He wrote many books on medical subjects, but only three survive (继续存在) to the present. 1．What did Li Shizhen’s father want him to be? A．A doctor. B．A writer. C．An official. D．An artist. 2．Why was Li Shizhen invited to be a doctor and official? A．Because he was a famous medical scholar. B．Because his father and grandfather were doctors. C．Because he cured the son of a Chu prince. D．Because he wanted to write the most accurate medical book. 3．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Li Shizhen was born in a medical family. B．Li Shizhen traveled a lot to do research for his book. C．Bencao Gangmu is mainly a medical book. D．Bencao Gangmu only includes medical knowledge. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Li Shizhen’s achievements. B．Li Shizhen’s character. C．Li Shizhen’s life. D．Li Shizhen’s best medical books. Shang Yang was a politician (政治家) of the Qin state. He was very wise and forward-thinking. He worked out several reform (改革) plans for the state, including focusing on farming and giving rewards (奖励) to soldiers who were successful during wars. But at the beginning, these reforms were not easily carried out. Only a few people in the state understood Shang’s talent and the advantages of his plans. Most people had little trust and confidence in him. To solve this problem, Shang came up with an idea. He ordered some soldiers to put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin state capital. This attracted many people. Then, in front of the crowd, he said loudly, “People of Qin, whoever takes this pole to the north gate will get a reward of 10 gold pieces.” It was a simple task and the reward was big. Some people passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought that Shang was joking. Hearing no answer, Shang stepped forward and said, “I will increase the reward to 50 gold pieces.” The words sounded even more unbelievable. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward to take the pole. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces. Soon, the people were saying that Shang was a man of his word. When he began promoting (推行) his reforms, the people followed and did not question him. Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states, becoming the first empire (帝国) of China. Later, people drew the Chinese idiom “立木取信” from this story. 1．Shang Yang’s reforms ________. A．were never trusted by people B．made Qin grow strong C．were carried out easily at the beginning D．focused on farming and education 2．What does the underlined phrase “a man of his word” mean? A．A man who can keep his promises. B．A man who is talkative. C．A man who is good at arguing. D．A man who often has words with others. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①/②/③/④⑤⑥⑦ B．①/②/③④⑤/⑥⑦ C．①②③/④⑤/⑥⑦ D．①②/③④/⑤⑥⑦ 4．What is the most important lesson from Shang Yang’s story? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Keeping promises builds trust. C．Money can solve all problems. D．New ideas are always resisted (抵制). 5．Where can you probably read this passage? A．A travel guide. B．A health magazine. C．A history storybook. D．A business newspaper. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$