UNIT 5 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

[对应知能达标训练P56] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．There are many wonderful legends (传说) about this famous hero in my hometown. 2．Asia and Europe，being two different areas，are linked (连接) together by mountains and rivers. 3．Dogs can detect(察觉)sounds that humans cannot perceive，such as high-frequency noises and whispers. 4．Sharks in the sea vary in size from just 20 centimetres (厘米) to 14 metres. 5．We need to find out the root (根源) of the problem before we solve it. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．When computers are networked，they are linked(link) together so that information can be transferred between them. 2．At our factory there are a few machines similar to those used in your company，but with some modifications to suit our production needs. 3．The constructions as well as all the art works of the Forbidden City are (be) well preserved by the professionals. 4．Large amounts of money have been spent(spend) on the bridge，which is to be completed in 2025. 5．The fire is reported to have spread (spread) quickly due to dry and windy conditions yesterday. 6．In everyday communication (communicate)，information conveyed by gestures is often misinterpreted. 7．I will drive away your loneliness by talking about things that interest you. 8．The twins seem to be alike in some ways，but they are quite different in their characters. 9．Early detection (detect) of cancers can greatly increase the chances of cure even if you don't have any symptoms yet. 10．A firm handshake is generally regarded as an indication (indicate) that someone is confident. Ⅲ.完成句子/同义句转换 1．真奇怪，他怎么会以如此不礼貌的方式行事，尤其是在公共场合。 (it作形式主语) It is strange that he should behave in such an impolite manner，especially in public. 2．老师在教室里来来回回走动，手里拿着一本书。(with复合结构) The teacher was walking back and forth in the classroom，with a book in his hand． 3. It is said that a new school will be built in our town next year，which will provide better education facilities for local students. →A new school is said to be built in our town next year，which will provide better education facilities for local students. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 1．It has been believed for a long time that talking plants are fantasy.But new research has revealed that they really can communicate with each other. Some plants are believed to communicate with each other through chemicals.When 2.attacked (attack) by insects，they release tiny amounts of chemicals.This is 3.like a warning or a call for help.When other plants detect 4.the warnings，they release their own chemicals to drive insects away.Some of the chemicals also attract wasps to kill these insects. More 5.surprisingly (surprising)，plants also use sound 6.to communicate (communicate) with each other though people can't hear the sound.Some plants make noises with their roots.Some plants “listen” to tell if their neighbouring plants are 7.helpful (help) or unfriendly.Some plants make clicking noises，8.indicating (indicate) that drought is coming.Most surprisingly of all，plants can form the “wood wide web” to share information or even food with each other. 9．Scientists (scientist) will learn more about the way in 10.which plants communicate with each other. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Dogs began to branch out from wolves tens of thousands of years ago，when their wild ancestors started interacting with humans.Over time，domestication shaped their behavior，and today pet dogs are especially expert at understanding cues(暗示)from humans.For example，when a person points at a bowl，a pet dog will usually approach it.All kinds of complex pointing gestures have been tried with pet dogs，and they seem to do well. Wolves are a different story，however.When the same experiments are done with wolves，they seem to be quite poor at it.So there's this big open question of how dogs became dogs. Bhadra，an Indian behavioral biologist，is interested in whether dogs require training to understand cues like pointing or if the behavior is inborn.Most studies have focused on pet dogs in developed countries but Bhadra thinks it's an error to neglect how stray dogs respond to human cues. In India，there's a huge population of stray dogs that live on the streets for generations.The researchers felt that the free-ranging dogs were a very nice system，which could give them inputs about what dogs could have been like before being made parts of human families. For the study，the researchers approached stray dogs on the Indian streets.One experimenter presented the dogs with a piece of raw chicken in a plastic bowl.About half of the time，the dogs ran away，scared.But the friendlier dogs that stuck around were tested for their ability to respond to pointing.Once a dog proved interested，the first experimenter put chicken in one of two bowls and covered both bowls.A second experimenter，who had no knowledge of which bowl contained the meat and thus couldn't give subconscious cue information，pointed at one of the bowls while the dog watched.About 80 percent actually followed the point and went to the bowl that the second experimenter pointed toward. Bhadra thinks this demonstration provides evidence that training is not required for dogs to understand complex pointing cues.Perhaps further studies with stray dogs can help reveal more about what makes dogs the best friends of human beings. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述生物学家Bhadra关于狗是需要经过训练还是天生就能理解指向之类的信号的研究。 1．What does the example in Paragraph 1 show about pet dogs? A．They can figure out some human gestures. B．They're particularly attached to their owners. C．They may make sense of specific human speech. D．They're easily distinguished from wolves in intelligence. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“For example，when a person points at a bowl，a pet dog will usually approach it.All kinds of complex pointing gestures have been tried with pet dogs，and they seem to do well.”可知，此处例子说明宠物狗能够读懂人类的手势。故选A。 答案　A 2．What does the underlined word “neglect” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Ignore. B．Estimate. C．Guarantee. D．Claim. 解析　词义猜测题。画线词所在句的句意：大多数研究都集中在发达国家的宠物狗身上，但巴德拉认为，忽视流浪狗对人类暗示的反应是错误的。画线词neglect和前面的focused on相对，说明大多数研究都集中在宠物狗身上，忽视了流浪狗，所以neglect意为“忽视”。故选A。 答案　A 3．How did the second experimenter give dogs directions? A．By mistake. B．In a logical manner. C．At random. D．Through trial and error. 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句可知，第二个实验者不知道哪个碗里有肉，因此无法给出潜意识的暗示信息，当狗在看的时候，他指着其中一个碗。所以他给狗随机地指了一个碗。故选C。 答案　C 4．In which section of a newspaper can we read the text? A．Environment. B．Technology. C．Discovery. D．Chemistry. 解析　文章出处题。根据文章第三段以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述生物学家Bhadra关于狗是否需要经过训练还是天生就能理解指向之类的信号的研究。所以可以推断，这篇文章可以在报纸的研究发现版块被读到。故选C。 答案　C B Why don't we have eyes in the back of our heads? There are at least two reasons.Eyes are biologically expensive things to make and rear-view(后视)eyes don't fit well into the human evolution. Even animals，such as rabbits，whose main survival advantage is rear vision，have only the side eyes.Rear vision is not so important.There are other species that have evolved this ability by moving the position of their eyes relative to the rest of their head.Many birds have their eyes positioned at the side of their head，allowing them a very wide angle of vision and，in the case of some birds such as the woodcock，they are positioned so they can actually achieve 360-degree vision.It is also obvious that spiders，which tend to have many eyes，only have them facing forwards. Humans，and probably some other animals，do have another adapted sense to make it up.Many experiments showed that sounds behind the head were noticed by a listener more than sounds before the head，especially if a listener was in a dark room.So，our ears can make up for the lack of rear vision.You can look at it another way.Rear vision is useful only if the potential threat is visible.During human evolution，that was most often not the case. Finally，there is often more than one potential “solution” to a given problem.In many species，the answer to maintaining 360-degree awareness of surrounding danger is to rely on many eyes.Social behavior is common in the animal kingdom and one reason for this is that there is safety in numbers.You might be looking the wrong way when a tiger approaches，but if your teammates raise the alarm，this is as effective as having eyes in the back of your head. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类的眼睛没有长在脑后的原因。 5．Why do humans have no rear-view eyes? A．They are bad for human survival. B．They are replaced by other organs. C．They are less likely to spot the danger. D．They are abandoned by natural selection. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“Why don't we have eyes...don't fit well into the human evolution.(为什么我们的眼睛没有长在脑后？至少有两个原因。眼睛从生物学角度上说是制作成本很高的东西，而后视的眼睛并不适合人类的进化。)”可知，人类之所以没有后视的眼睛是因为后视的眼睛并不适合人类的进化，为自然选择所抛弃，故选D。 答案　D 6．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To state rear-view eyes aren't a must for survival. B．To explain why animals have other functional eyes. C．To prove rabbits，birds and spiders are very special. D．To show rear-view eyes are against the natural selection. 解析　推理判断题。第二段前两句提到“即使是兔子等主要生存优势是后视的动物，也只有侧眼。后视并不是那么重要”，紧接着又列举了鸟类和蜘蛛的例子，是要告诉我们后视并不是那么重要，它并不是生存的必备条件，故选A。 答案　A 7．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Sensitive hearing. B．The visible threat behind the head. C．The sound behind the head. D．Rear vision. 解析　词义猜测题。根据上句“Rear vision is useful only if the potential threat is visible.(只有当潜在威胁可视时，后视才有用。)”可知，后视只对脑后发生的可见的威胁有用。由此可知，画线词that指代的是“脑后的可见的威胁”，故选B。 答案　B 8．Where does the text most likely come from? A．A travel brochure. B．Fiction. C．A science magazine. D．A book review. 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段中“Why don't we have eyes in the back of our heads? There are at least two reasons.(为什么我们的眼睛没有长在脑后？至少有两个原因。)”可知，本文主要向我们介绍了人类的眼睛没有长在脑后的原因。因此本文是一篇科普知识类的文章，最有可能选自一本科学杂志，故选C。 答案　C Ⅱ.完形填空 When living in Los Angeles，I walked my dog every Sunday morning around a lake near my house. Week after week，I saw the same elderly woman sitting at the edge of the 1 with a small metal cage next to her. My 2 finally got the best of me and I 3 the woman one day.I noticed that it was 4 a small trap and that she had three small turtles in it.In her lap，there was a fourth turtle that she was carefully 5 down with a sponge.I greeted her and asked what she did with these turtles every week.Smiling，she explained that she was cleaning their shells because any seaweed that 6 on a turtle's shell reduces its 7 to absorb heat and slows down their swimming. I was 8 as the woman continued，“I do this every Sunday morning，or life-threatening 9 might appear.” “But don't most turtles live their 10 lives with seaweed on their shells？” I asked.The woman agreed that was the 11 ．I replied，“Well then，you are 12 to do this，but most turtles don't have people around to help them with this.” The woman laughed as she looked 13 down at the small turtle.“Young man，to the world I may be one person，but to this little turtle I am the world.” Indeed，though you may not be able to change the world or 14 everyone，you can still make a big 15 in one person's life.Never choose to not do anything just because you can't do everything. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过一位老太太每周日早晨都在湖边用海绵帮海龟刷去身上的海草以便海龟能够很好地吸收热量并正常游泳的故事告诉我们，尽管我们无法改变世界或帮到每一个人，但是我们小小的善举仍能给世界和他人带去很大的影响。 1．A.field B．court C．water D．cliff 解析　根据上文中的“I walked...around a lake”可知，作者每周日早晨都能在湖边看到一位老太太。 答案　C 2．A.pity B．anxiety C．curiosity D．responsibility 解析　根据语境可知，由于耐不住好奇心，作者最终走近那位老太太去一探究竟。get the best of “获胜；胜过；占上风”。 答案　C 3．A.inspired B．assisted C．contacted D．approached 解析　参见上题解析。 答案　D 4．A.naturally B．normally C．originally D．actually 解析　根据语境可知，作者走近一看发现金属笼子实际上是一个捕捉器。 答案　D 5．A.wiping B．turning C．breaking D．pressing 解析　根据下文中的“she was cleaning their shells”可知，老太太正在拿海绵擦拭龟壳。 答案　A 6．A.builds up B．brings up C．sets out D．hands out 解析　根据语境和常识可知，海草会堆积在海龟壳上。 答案　A 7．A.risk B．cost C．burden D．ability 解析　根据语境和常识可知，龟壳上沾满海草会影响海龟吸收热量的能力。 答案　D 8．A.relieved B．impressed C．embarrassed D．disappointed 解析　根据语境和常识可知，一位老太太拿着海绵擦拭海龟壳，这样的举动让作者感到很钦佩。 答案　B 9．A.types B．places C．conditions D．movements 解析　根据上文中的“reduces its 7 to absorb heat and slows down their swimming”可知，这些情况可能会危及海龟的生命。 答案　C 10．A.early B．entire C．energetic D．extraordinary 解析　根据常识和下文中的“but most turtles don't have people around to help them with this”可知，大多数海龟的一生都会伴随这种情况。 答案　B 11．A.magic B．reality C．purpose D．experience 解析　根据常识可知，作者说的是一种实际情况。 答案　B 12．A.police B．clumsy C．considerate D．ridiculous 解析　根据上文中讲述的老太太拿海绵擦拭龟壳，因为龟壳上的海草影响海龟吸收热量的能力可知，老太太的行为是非常体贴的。 答案　C 13．A.gently B．proudly C．nervously D．strangely 解析　根据语境可知，老太太如此关爱海龟，因此她看海龟的目光应是非常温柔的。 答案　A 14．A.know B．love C．own D．help 解析　根据语境可知，尽管我们无法改变世界或帮助到每一个人，但我们仍然可以通过自己的一些小小的举动来给世界和别人带去很大的影响。 答案　D 15．A.deal B．difference C．fortune D．decision 解析　参见上题解析。 答案　B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$