UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦非谓语动词作表语核心知识点，系统梳理动词不定式（表目的/计划）、动名词（表解释说明）、现在分词（表特征）及动词-ed（表状态/感受）的用法，通过对比辨析易混点（如不定式与动名词作表语的区别、现在分词与过去分词的“令人/感到”差异），搭配即时演练构建“讲解-辨析-练习”学习支架。 资料以分类清晰的语法讲解与梯度练习为特色，通过“tiring/tired”等词辨析培养思维品质中的分析比较能力，结合汉译英、语法填空等即时演练提升语言能力的表达应用，核心词汇“contrast”及“not...until...”句型融入强化知识网络，课中辅助教师分层教学，课后助力学生查漏补缺，巩固语法应用能力。

Section Ⅱ　Using language [对应学生用书P78] 一、动词不定式作表语 1．用法 (1)动词不定式在系动词后面作表语通常是对主语进行解释或表示目的和计划。主语常常是task，job，work，step，intention，aim，choice，decision，idea，plan，purpose，wish等。 ◆His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 ◆The important thing in life is to have a great aim，and the determination to attain it. 人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。 (2)不定式作表语时，还可以表示预计将要发生的动作。 ◆The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口见面。 (3)当主语为what引导的名词性从句，表示将来特定的某一次动作时，常用不定式作表语。 ◆What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 我会建议把会议推迟。 2．动词不定式作表语省略to的情况 当不定式作表语时，一般情况下不定式中的to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式常省略to。 ◆What I want to do most in senior high school is (to) improve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 [即时演练1]——完成句子 (1) 新技术注定会给人类生活带来巨大的变化。 The new technology is to bring about great changes to human life. (2)他的计划是在社区再创办一个书法协会。 His plan is to set up another calligraphy association in the community. (3)我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。 All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion. 二、动词-ing作表语 动词-ing分为动名词和现在分词两类。动名词兼有动词和名词的特征和作用，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾补和状语。 1．动名词作表语 作表语的动名词所体现的是名词的特征，用于对主语的内容进行解释说明，往往表示主语所具有的特征且主语和表语可以换位。 ◆My job is teaching you English.(＝Teaching you English is my job.) 我的工作是教你们英语。 ◆What I hate most is being laughed at in public. ＝Being laughed at in public is what I hate most. 我最痛恨的就是在公共场合被别人嘲笑。 2．现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等，主语和表语不可换位。 ◆The flowers look especially charming after the rain. 雨后这些花看上去特别迷人。 ◆His performance is very entertaining，which brings us much pleasure. 他的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很大的乐趣。 3．动名词作表语与动词不定式作表语的区别 动名词作表语表示一般性的动作；动词不定式作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。 ◆My job is cleaning the house three times a week. 我的工作是每周打扫三次房子。 ◆Today what he wants to do is (to) paint. 今天他想要做的事是画画。 [即时演练2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)My task is to clean (clean) the classroom this afternoon. (2)The correct way of learning is combining (combine) theory with practice. (3) We seek people who are patient and caring(care)，and who have experience and interest in working with older adults. 三、动词-ed作表语 1．动词-ed可放在连系动词be，become，feel，get，look，remain，seem等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 ◆They were so worried that they started awake all night. 他们如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。 ◆We were amazed at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。 2．动词-ed作表语时与被动语态的区别 动词-ed作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 ◆The library is now closed.(状态) 图书馆现在关闭了。 ◆The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(动作) 昨天我的妹妹把杯子打碎了。 3．动词-ed与现在分词作表语的区别 动词-ed作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等，常译作“感到……的”；现在分词作表语多表示事物具有的特性，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物，常译作“令人……的”。常用的这类词有： exciting　令人激动的 excited　激动的；兴奋的 astonishing　令人惊讶的 astonished　惊讶的 delighting　令人高兴的 delighted　高兴的 disappointing　令人失望的 disappointed　感到失望的 encouraging　令人鼓舞的 encouraged　受到鼓舞的 frightening　令人害怕的 frightened　吓坏了的 interesting　令人感兴趣的 interested　感兴趣的 moving　感人的；令人感动的 moved　受感动的 pleasing　令人满意的 pleased　满意的 shocking　令人震惊的 shocked　感到震惊的 tiring　令人劳累的 tired　感到劳累的 worrying　令人担心的 worried　感到担心的 satisfying　令人满意的 satisfied　感到满意的 puzzling　令人迷惑的 puzzled　感到迷惑的 [即时演练3]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1) Climbing is tiring and we are tired after a day's climbing，but the sense of accomplishment and the beautiful scenery make it worthwhile.(tire) (2)His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged．(discourage) (3)The news was very exciting．After hearing the news，we felt quite excited．(excite) [对应学生用书P80] [核心词汇·练透] contrast n.反差，对比 vt.对比；对照 vi.形成对照 (1)make a contrast with 与……做对比 in contrast with/to　与……对比起来，与……形成对比 by contrast　相比而言 (2)contrast...with/and...　把……与……相对比 contrast with sb/sth　与某人/某物形成对比 [教材原句]．..create a strong contrast. ……形成强烈对比。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 补全句子/ 完成句子 (1)In contrast to/with the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.(2024·浙江卷1月) (2)Most people work because it's unavoidable.By contrast (相比之下)，there are some people who actually enjoy work. (3)他是一个年老的农民，花白的头发与黝黑的皮肤形成鲜明的对比。 He is an old farmer，whose grey hair makes a sharp contrast with/contrasts sharply with his dark skin．(续写佳句之肖像描写) [重点句型·通关] not...until...句型的强调句式：It is/was not until...that... (1)not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句；until用于肯定句中，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止； (2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序，即“Not until＋从句＋助动词/系动词＋主语＋其他成分……”。 [教材原句]It wasn't until we went on a trip to The Hague last year that this dream came true! 直到去年我们去海牙旅行，这个梦想才实现！ [练通]——单句语法填空/ 句式升级 (1)The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg，passing the terminal. (2)It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing that I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall. (3)I didn't realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity. →It wasn't until I took part in the picking activity that I realized how important working with my own hands was.(强调句) →Not until I took part in the picking activity did I realize how important working with my own hands was.(倒装句)(续写佳句之情绪描写) [对应学生用书P81] Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．My chief purpose is to point(point) out the difficulties of the matter and offer possible solutions to overcome them. 2．To help others is to help (help) ourselves，so don't hesitate to offer your help when others are in trouble. 3．We were shocked(shock) to hear that the missing pet was found dead at midnight. 4．What squirrels can do is (to) store(store) all kinds of food before the winter comes. 5．The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving (give) first aid. 6．The teacher's explanation of the problem was so confusing(confuse) that most of us couldn't understand. 7．As is known to all，travelling is interesting(interest)，but we often feel tired (tire) when we are back from the journey. 8．It was a really terrifying(terrify) experience.Afterwards，everybody was very shocked(shock). 9．The goal of the project is to examine(examine) in detail how tornadoes are formed and the kinds of damage they cause. 10．The snow was icy and white，contrasting(contrast) with the brilliant blue sky. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．他的爱好是在业余时间读书，这有助于他拓展知识面，享受文学之美。 His hobby is reading books in his spare time，which helps him expand his knowledge and enjoy the beauty of literature. 2．我现在唯一想做的事就是躺下好好休息一下。 The only thing I want to do now is(to) lie down and have a good rest． 3．那个讲座太乏味，很多人都感到无聊并离开了大厅。 The lecture was so boring that many people felt bored and left the hall. 4．我从他脸上可以看出，他对我所做的一切很满意。 I could tell from his face that he was satisfied with what I had done. 5．首要的是要仔细听老师讲课。 The first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$