精品解析：北京市首都师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题

首都师大附中2025-2026学年第一学期开学练习 高三英语 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，50分） 第一节（共4小题；每小题2.5分，共10分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 1．When will the man’s sister arrive at the station? A．In 20 minutes. B．In half an hour. C．In 10 minutes. 2．What topic does the woman suggest for the report? A．Garbage sorting. B．Endangered species. C．Air pollution. 3．What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers? A．Doctor and patient. B．Teacher and student. C．Classmates. 4．Why does the woman make the call? A．To make a request. B．To make a complaint. C．To make an apology. 第二节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，共25分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至6题。 5．What does the woman like about the movie? A．Its plot. B．Its music. C．Its lines. 6．Why does the man want to recommend the movie to Lucy? A．It is her favorite kind of movie. B．It may give her ideas for her writing. C．It may relieve her pressure from writing. 听第6段材料，回答第7至8题。 7．What is the man doing? A．Measuring water. B．Taking a shower. C．Looking for a job. 8．What suggestion does the woman give the man? A．Timing his shower. B．Sharing the water bill. C．Taking shorter showers. 听第7段材料，回答第9至10题 9．Why is the man so happy? A．He has won a lot of money. B．He is going to finish school. C．He has finished three more classes. 10．How will the man probably pay for his MBA? A．He will work part-time. B．His parents will pay for it. C．He may borrow money from a bank. 听第8段材料，回答第11至12题。 11．What does the woman think of her father? A．Stubborn. B．Understanding. C．Helpful. 12．What will the woman probably do next? A．Practice harder for the play B．Quit the play at the Grand Hall. C．Invite her father to the rehearsal. 听第9段材料，回答第13至14题 13．Which number should the buyer of the Sony TV call? A．344-2651. B．356-4355. C．566-6543. 14．What is the main purpose of the announcement? A．To introduce some products. B．To advertise some used items. C．To call on people to collect antiques. 第三节（共5小题；每小题3分，共15分） 听下面一段对话，完成第15至19题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后，你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。 How to Create Study plans Purposes ·To do well in your courses ·To get ready for exams and meet deadlines Making long-term plans · 15 backward from exams and deadlines ·Break up larger 16 into smaller parts Methods Making daily plans ·Set aside at least a couple of hours as study time ·Plan for 17 breaks: take a 5-min break every 25 minutes · 18 as soon after class as possible: spend 15 minutes looking over your lecture notes and write a brief 19 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was a junior in high school, I was nominated (提名) to run for vice president of the Student Council at the start of our senior year. I turned it down because of the responsibilities of this position. But I ___1___ to run for court clerk instead, as I knew that being court clerk wouldn’t be difficult. When the election came, I ___2___. Indeed, over the whole year that followed, the only thing my new position brought was a sense of ___3___, just as I had hoped. Then towards the end of the year, all the council members took turns to talk about their experiences in their positions in the final assembly (集会) of the year. I thought I was last in terms of importance, the ___4___ position on the council. So when talking about my job, I said that the court clerk didn’t do anything; since there was no court, it didn’t matter who they voted for. I thought I was being ___5___ and cool. As I exited, however, I was ___6___ by an angry Mr. Roberge, the Student Council advisor. He took me aside and criticized me, using whatever ___7___ words he could think of. I can’t exactly remember what he said. But I was forced to realize I had developed the disease of not caring, and the cancer of a lack of ___8___. I cannot say Mr. Roberge ___9___ me then and there. But since that day I have been much more aware of my struggles to be respectful for people and for myself. Mr. Roberge changed the ____10____ of my life, by maybe a few centimeters. But that difference has accumulated over time, and I am not the person I would have been. 1. A. continued B. agreed C. hesitated D. failed 2. A. won B. voted C. withdrew D. panicked 3. A. freedom B. achievement C. lightness D. security 4. A. coolest B. hardest C. best D. lowest 5. A. truthful B. respectful C. smart D. humble 6. A. disturbed B. punished C. doubted D. stopped 7. A. sharp B. abstract C. confusing D. discouraging 8. A. self-control B. self-acceptance C. self-respect D. self-discipline 9. A. comforted B. cured C. impressed D. inspired 10. A. goal B. value C. pace D. course 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Seven years ago, Steve lost his beloved dog Wolfgang. In memory of it, he began to adopt dogs who had been in their last few years. He ____11____(choose) to rescue these senior dogs because they otherwise wouldn't have had a home. When____12____(ask) how he could bear to adopt senior dog, Steve answered, “These abandoned animals need love, and they also have a lot of love to give, _____13_____is just one of the things these dogs wish you knew.” B 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For many years, researchers____14____(try) to find out the magic of reading. According to an article in Scientific American, researchers have found evidence that literary fiction improves a reader’s ability to understand____15____others are thinking about. And____16____article further argues that literary fiction can teach us values about social behavior, such as the importance of understanding those who are different from ourselves. The results of this study suggest people who love reading can____17____(well) put themselves in someone else’s shoes. C 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A team of international____18____(scientist) announced that they discovered a group of dinosaur footprints in Xizang Autonomous Region in China. The team, which consists____19____experts from China, the United States and Germany, found about 99 footprints in that area. According to their findings published in the academic journal Historical Biology earlier this month, these footprints, _____20_____(range) from 22 cm to 99.3 cm in length, are believed to have been left by large, medium and small-sized sauropods (蜥脚龙) dating back to the Middle Jurassic period. 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Steppingstones is a non-profit organization registered in Shanghai. We recruit, train and support about 1,000 volunteers per year to teach essential 21st-century skills to children and youth in China, focusing on digital literacy, foreign language, and social-emotional learning. If you want to contribute to education, check out the options below and join us today! ·Teaching English Description: Volunteers are needed to teach fun English lessons to disadvantaged children and youth. Each class has 10-30 children at community centers and 40-50 students at migrant schools. Volunteers teach in teams with at least two volunteers per group. Time commitment: A minimum of one school term (3-4 months)or 4-8 weeks during the summer. Available for weekday and weekend classes. Volunteers are expected to commit to 4-5 hours per week. Requirements: Minimum 18 years old—16 years old and above can be considered with parental consent in written form after submitting a statement of interest and attending an interview. A good grasp of English and ability to interact well with children and young adults is a must. Location: Shanghai. Travel may be required as most of the program sites are not in downtown Shanghai. ·Teaching digital literacy skills Description: Volunteers are needed to independently teach or to assist our full-time computer teachers to teach digital literacy skills that are common to the modern workplace. Time commitment: A minimum of one school term (3-4 months)or 4-6 weeks during the summer. Available for weekday and weekend classes. Volunteers are expected to commit 2-4 hours per week. Requirements: Native Chinese speaker, with English fluency a plus. Proficient in Microsoft Office Suite. Interested in teaching computer skills to disadvantaged communities. Location: Online or community centers located in Shanghai. ·Non-teaching volunteer roles Description: Not all of our volunteers need to teach. If you prefer to volunteer in other ways, Steppingstones is always interested in volunteers who can help with a whole range of tasks including but not limited to the following: routine office work, fundraising website and graphic design, social media and marketing, and translation. Time commitment: depends on the specific responsibility, but generally at least one day (eight hours)per week. Requirements: Interested in working in the non-profit sector, fluent in English and/or Chinese, patient and flexible, open-minded and easy-going. Location: Steppingstones office, online, or our project sites. For more information please email us at enquiry@steppingstoneschina.net. 21. If you want to volunteer to teach at Steppingstones, you must be ________. A. familiar with online teaching tools B. able to teach independently in class C. at least 18 years old with parental consent D. available at least four weeks during the summer 22. According to the passage, non-teaching volunteers ________. A. need to work at least 8 hours per day B. should be keen on the non-profit sector C. must have previous graphic design experience D. have to be proficient in three or more languages 23. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To introduce Steppingstones. B. To compare different volunteer roles. C. To illustrate how to apply for volunteer positions. D To recruit volunteers for a non-profit organization. B It’s a Saturday night the kids are asleep and we have no plans. Before we fall into our routine and watch a movie, I try to talk my husband into playing a card game. Unconvinced, he continues tapping away on his phone. But just before disappearing into the social media rabbit hole, he has an idea. He looks over me and suggests, “Why don’t we try calling one of our friends?” I look at him with raised brows, as if his suggestion is somewhat ridiculous and perhaps even socially unacceptable. You can’t just call someone out of the blue now…right? But then I think again and realize that at one point in time, in the not so distant past, this was the norm. I spent my early teenage years connecting with friends through a phone that was connected to a wall. It wasn’t “smart”, but it allowed me to keep in touch with the latest gossip and news. We would chat for hours, sometimes while I hid under my blanket in order to avoid the chance of being caught by my parents. I could even memorize the phone numbers of loved ones then. While I did own an address book—and there was always the White Pages, where you could look people up by their names—I had the contact details of special friends, first loves and family members committed to memory. I guess these days, they would be on my “Favorites” list in my smartphone. Today, many of my “favorite” people are followed from a distance through social media, and even they very rarely—if ever—would get an actual call from me. The birth announcement by my oldest friend is received through catching a well-defined bump into a photo that I scroll past. The news of a divorce from a couple whom I had considered my second parents when I was in middle school arrives after a photo of a woman led me on a quest for more gossip. Bits of such information, a collection of wonderful, exciting, shocking and also boring news, may have been a part of my digital feed for years. The idea of actually picking up the phone to reconnect with a long-lost friend is an intimidating one—even seeing the name of an old friend pop up in an incoming call can feel a little afraid. I ask my husband, “Who would we call?” After tossing around a few names, we agree on some potential candidates—people whose lives have taken them in different directions, but with whom we still share deep friendships. 24. How does the author feel about her husband’s suggestion at first? A. Excited. B. Motivated. C. Nervous. D. Surprised. 25. With the phone, the author’s teenage years was_____. A. difficult but interesting B. peaceful and meaningful C. pleasant and unforgettable D. inconvenient but enjoyable 26. In the following days, the couple may ____. A. share more of their private information with others B. contact more long-lost friends through social media C. have more personal communications with their friends D. add more friends’ names to the contact lists in their phones C It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong. A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15. 4 degrees off to the observer’s right-well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “She’s not looking at you. “ This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect” . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don’t cut the gaze of the character to that side-surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn’t looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead. Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected(和……相交) Mona Lisa’s gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the “Mona Lisa” portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name. 27. It is generally believed that the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”___________. A. attracts the viewers to look back B seems mysterious because of her eyes C. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers D. looks at the viewers wherever they stand 28. What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect? A. B. C. D. 29. The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to______. A. confirm Horstmann’s belief B. create artificial-intelligence avatars C. calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze D. explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied 30. What can we learn from the passage? A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”. B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence. C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention. D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgement. D I was at the Gathering for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were 70.000 other scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and truth. Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism. I've been out there talking to the science deniers, and I've asked my scientist friends to come with me. “Those people just aren't worth talking to.” they'll say. “I wouldn't make a difference anyway.” What's wrong. Those people can and do change their minds, although it requires someone to put in the time to overcome distrust. To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against misinformation, enduring abuse on social media and even threats to their safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations, it's not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when fared with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to target corrective information. In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can be effective. Science deniers all draw on the same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking evidence, relying on fake experts, and engaging in illogical reasoning. A landmark 2019 study showed that critiquing the flawed techniques can contain the spread of misinformation. So how does “technique rebuttal” work in practice? Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke conducted more than 1.000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions. Those parents' children were 9% more likely to receive all the vaccines on the schedule than were those of uninterviewed parents whose babies were delivered in the same maternity ward. One mother told him: “It's the first time that I've had a discussion like this, and I feel respected, and I trust you.” It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust. So what should scientists do? Even non-experts can use technique rebuttal. A geologist can engage a neighbor who is vaccine hesitant. A protein biologist can coach an aunt or uncle who wants “more evidence” that climate change is real. Instead of shilling to more comfortable conversations, engage in respectful exchange. If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer. 31. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Gathering for Science addressed online abuse. B. The silence of scientists worsens harm from science denial. C. Ineffective vaccines speed up the spread of some epidemics. D. The author's friends find it valuable to talk with science deniers. 32. According to the passage, the “backfire effect” ______. A. suggests caution before correcting others B. emphasizes the effectiveness of rebuttals C. results from flawed reasoning techniques D. enjoys wide support in the academic field 33. The last two paragraphs suggest that ______. A. the interviewed parents agreed to vaccination due to the sufficiency of the information B. geologists and protein biologists need to make sure the conversations are comfortable C. scientists are encouraged to listen carefully and ask questions during interaction D. scientists should teach non-experts how to conduct respectful exchanges 34. In writing this passage, the author aims to ______. A. express concerns for misinformation B. analyze the main cause of science denial C. advocate employing technique rebuttal D. present the problems scientists encounter 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them. ____35____ There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews. ___36___ Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”. A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails. ____37____ Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence. If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them. ____38____ You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what? ___39___ However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins — to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice. A. This is a ready-made support for you. B. Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews. C. You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying. D. Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave. E. The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these. F. Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another person. G. You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean. 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第59、60题2分，61题3分，62题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 “One person’s trash is another person’s treasure.” That’s a common expression, but the next time you throw something away, think about a twist on the old saying. What if your trash could become your own treasure? Many creative, thrifty, and environmentally minded people have come up with a way to make that happen. It’s called upcycling. Our world would be a better place if everyone would begin upcycling. Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. For example, how about that pair of jeans with a hole in one knee? It could become a new pillow for your bedroom. How about the old T-shirts you never wear anymore? It could be sewed together to make a picnic blanket. All of these are examples of upcycling. Upcycling is not the same as recycling. Upcycling is actually much better for the environment. Recycling takes an item made of glass, paper, metal, or plastic, breaks it down to its base material, and then uses that material to make another product. This requires a great deal of energy. On the other hand, when you choose to upcycle, the only energy you use is your own. And upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into our landfills, but it also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. Recycling is good for the environment, but upcycling is even better. Upcycling also makes a family’s budget stretch further. Before you run to the store to buy something, look around your house. Old teacups can be transformed into candles. And an old ladder can even become a bookshelf. Of course, the idea of reusing items to save money is not new. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, many families lived on a tight budget. People had to use what they already had in order to meet their needs. Flour sacks were used to make clothes, and a broken door became a new table. Today we should follow the examples of our great-grandparents and save money by upcycling. As responsible citizens, we should all be concerned with protecting our environment and budgeting our resources. Upcycling is a fun and creative way to help. The next time you go to toss something into the trash can, stop and think about what it could become. Chances are, there’s a brand-new item in your hand just waiting to be upcycled. 40. What is upcycling according to the passage? ________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is upcycling much better for the environment than recycling? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Upcycling makes a family’s budget stretch further because it saves a lot of energy. ________________________________________________________________ 43. As the sports meeting is coming, please figure out one thing to upcycle. Explain the upcycling process and how it will help.（In about 40 words） ________________________________________________________________ 第二节 作文（共20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请教学经验丰富的英语教师Jim为你们班做一次关于提升英语听口能力的经验交流。内容包括： 1．交流的内容及原因； 2．交流时间和其他事项。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 首都师大附中2025-2026学年第一学期开学练习 高三英语 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，50分） 第一节（共4小题；每小题2.5分，共10分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 1．When will the man’s sister arrive at the station? A．In 20 minutes. B．In half an hour. C．In 10 minutes. 2．What topic does the woman suggest for the report? A．Garbage sorting. B．Endangered species. C．Air pollution. 3．What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers? A．Doctor and patient. B．Teacher and student. C．Classmates. 4．Why does the woman make the call? A．To make a request. B．To make a complaint. C．To make an apology. 第二节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，共25分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至6题。 5．What does the woman like about the movie? A．Its plot. B．Its music. C．Its lines. 6．Why does the man want to recommend the movie to Lucy? A．It is her favorite kind of movie. B．It may give her ideas for her writing. C．It may relieve her pressure from writing. 听第6段材料，回答第7至8题。 7．What is the man doing? A．Measuring water. B．Taking a shower. C．Looking for a job. 8．What suggestion does the woman give the man? A．Timing his shower. B．Sharing the water bill. C．Taking shorter showers. 听第7段材料，回答第9至10题 9．Why is the man so happy? A．He has won a lot of money. B．He is going to finish school. C．He has finished three more classes. 10．How will the man probably pay for his MBA? A．He will work part-time. B．His parents will pay for it. C．He may borrow money from a bank. 听第8段材料，回答第11至12题。 11．What does the woman think of her father? A．Stubborn. B．Understanding. C．Helpful. 12．What will the woman probably do next? A．Practice harder for the play. B．Quit the play at the Grand Hall. C．Invite her father to the rehearsal. 听第9段材料，回答第13至14题 13．Which number should the buyer of the Sony TV call? A．344-2651. B．356-4355. C．566-6543. 14．What is the main purpose of the announcement? A．To introduce some products. B．To advertise some used items. C．To call on people to collect antiques. 第三节（共5小题；每小题3分，共15分） 听下面一段对话，完成第15至19题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后，你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。 How to Create Study plans Purposes ·To do well in your courses ·To get ready for exams and meet deadlines Making long-term plans · 15 backward from exams and deadlines ·Break up larger 16 into smaller parts Methods Making daily plans ·Set aside at least a couple of hours as study time ·Plan for 17 breaks: take a 5-min break every 25 minutes · 18 as soon after class as possible: spend 15 minutes looking over your lecture notes and write a brief 19 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was a junior in high school, I was nominated (提名) to run for vice president of the Student Council at the start of our senior year. I turned it down because of the responsibilities of this position. But I ___1___ to run for court clerk instead, as I knew that being court clerk wouldn’t be difficult. When the election came, I ___2___. Indeed, over the whole year that followed, the only thing my new position brought was a sense of ___3___, just as I had hoped. Then towards the end of the year, all the council members took turns to talk about their experiences in their positions in the final assembly (集会) of the year. I thought I was last in terms of importance, the ___4___ position on the council. So when talking about my job, I said that the court clerk didn’t do anything; since there was no court, it didn’t matter who they voted for. I thought I was being ___5___ and cool. As I exited, however, I was ___6___ by an angry Mr. Roberge, the Student Council advisor. He took me aside and criticized me, using whatever ___7___ words he could think of. I can’t exactly remember what he said. But I was forced to realize I had developed the disease of not caring, and the cancer of a lack of ___8___. I cannot say Mr. Roberge ___9___ me then and there. But since that day I have been much more aware of my struggles to be respectful for people and for myself. Mr. Roberge changed the ____10____ of my life, by maybe a few centimeters. But that difference has accumulated over time, and I am not the person I would have been. 1. A. continued B. agreed C. hesitated D. failed 2. A. won B. voted C. withdrew D. panicked 3. A. freedom B. achievement C. lightness D. security 4. A. coolest B. hardest C. best D. lowest 5. A. truthful B. respectful C. smart D. humble 6. A. disturbed B. punished C. doubted D. stopped 7. A. sharp B. abstract C. confusing D. discouraging 8. A. self-control B. self-acceptance C. self-respect D. self-discipline 9. A. comforted B. cured C. impressed D. inspired 10. A. goal B. value C. pace D. course 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是对一切都漠不关心的作者，因为一次自以为是的发言而受到学生会顾问的严厉批评，从此他的思想有了积极改变。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我同意竞选学生会书记员，因为我知道做学生会书记员并不难。A. continued继续；B. agreed同意；C. hesitated犹豫；D. failed失败。根据后文“When the election came, I ___2___ .”可知，我竞选了学生会书记员。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当选举来临时，我赢了。A. won赢；B. voted选举；C. withdrew收回；D. panicked恐慌。根据下“Indeed, over the whole year that followed, the only thing my new position brought was a sense of ___3___ , just as I had hoped.”可知，我当选了书记员。故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在接下来的一整年里，我的新职位带来的唯一的东西就是一种轻松的感觉，正如我所希望的那样。A. freedom自由；B. achievement成就；C. lightness轻松；D. security安全。根据后文“I said that the court clerk didn’t do anything; since there was no court, it didn’t matter who they voted for.”可知，因为平时无事可做，所以工作很轻松。故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为我是最不重要的，在学生会中排名最低的职位。A. coolest最酷的；B. hardest最艰难的；C. best 最好的；D. lowest最低的。根据前文“I thought I was last in terms of importance,”可知，我认为我的职位最低。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我以为我很诚实很酷。A. truthful真实的；B. respectful恭敬的；C. smart聪明的；D. humble谦虚的。根前文“I said that the court clerk didn’t do anything; since there was no court, it didn’t matter who they voted for.”以及空后的“and cool.”可知，因为讲了实话，所以我认为自己很酷也很诚实。故选A项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我离开时，我被愤怒的学生会顾问罗伯特先生拦住了。A. disturbed打扰；B. punished惩罚；C. doubted 怀疑；D. stopped停止。根据后文“He took me aside and criticized me, using whatever ___7___ words he could think of.”可知，我被学生会顾问拦住了。故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他把我拉到一边，用他能想到的任何尖锐的话批评我。A. sharp尖锐的；B. abstract抽象的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. discouraging使人沮丧的。根据空前的“He took me aside and criticized me, using whatever”以及空后“words he could think of.”可知，学生会顾问对我进行了严厉的批评。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我被迫意识到，我已经得上了漠不关心疾病以及缺乏自尊的癌症。A. self-control自控；B. self-acceptance自我接受；C. self-respect自尊；D. self-discipline自律。根据后文“But since that day I have been much more aware of my struggles to be respectful for people and for myself.”可知，在被学生会顾问批评之前，我对别人是漠不关心的，对于自己也不尊重。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能说罗伯特先生当场就把我治好了。A. comforted安慰；B. cured治愈；C. impressed使感动；D. inspired鼓励。根据后文“But since that day I have been much more aware of my struggles to be respectful for people and for myself.”可知，经过罗伯特先生严厉批评，我的思想发生了改变，开始了尊重别人也尊重自己。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Roberge改变了我的人生航向，也许只有几厘米。A. goal目标；B. value价值；C. pace节奏；D. course航向。根据空后的“by maybe a few centimeters.”可知，是罗伯特先生改变了我的人生航向。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Seven years ago, Steve lost his beloved dog Wolfgang. In memory of it, he began to adopt dogs who had been in their last few years. He ____11____(choose) to rescue these senior dogs because they otherwise wouldn't have had a home. When____12____(ask) how he could bear to adopt senior dog, Steve answered, “These abandoned animals need love, and they also have a lot of love to give, _____13_____is just one of the things these dogs wish you knew.” 【答案】11. chose 12. asked 13. which 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。七年前，Steve去了他心爱的狗狗Wolfgang。为了纪念它，他开始收养那些已经奄奄一息的老年狗的故事。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他选择拯救这些老年狗，因为不这样做的话它们就没有家了。根据上文“Seven years ago”可知事情发生在七年前，应用一般过去时。故填chose。 【12题详解】 考查省略句。句意：当被问及他如何能忍受收养老年狗时，Steve回答说，“这些被遗弃的动物需要爱，它们也有很多爱可以给予，这正是这些狗希望你知道的事情之一。” 在when引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，从句完整形式为“When he was asked how he could bear to adopt senior dog”，相当于省略了he was。故填asked。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：当被问及他如何能忍受收养老年狗时，Steve回答说，“这些被遗弃的狗狗需要爱，它们也有很多爱可以给予，这正是这些狗希望你知道的事情之一。”此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 B 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For many years, researchers____14____(try) to find out the magic of reading. According to an article in Scientific American, researchers have found evidence that literary fiction improves a reader’s ability to understand____15____others are thinking about. And____16____article further argues that literary fiction can teach us values about social behavior, such as the importance of understanding those who are different from ourselves. The results of this study suggest people who love reading can____17____(well) put themselves in someone else’s shoes. 【答案】14. have tried / have been trying 15. what 16. the 17. better 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阅读的魔力，阅读能给人们带来诸多好处。 【14题详解】 考查时态。句意：多年来，研究人员一直试图找出阅读的魔力。根据句意以及时间状语For many years可知，此处用现在完成时（have/has done）表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，或用现在完成进行时（have/has been doing），表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，有可能仍然要继续下去。主语researchers为复数名词，主谓一致，故填have tried / have been trying。 【15题详解】 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：根据《科学美国人》杂志的一篇文章，研究人员发现有证据表明，文学小说可以提高读者理解他人想法的能力。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句，连接代词what引导从句，在从句中作宾语，指事物，可译为“……的事”。故填what。 【16题详解】 考查冠词。句意：文章进一步认为，文学小说可以教会我们关于社会行为的价值观，比如理解那些与我们不同的人的重要性。根据句意可知，空格后的名词article特指前文（文章第二句）中提到的an article，应用定冠词the限定。故填the。 【17题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：这项研究的结果表明，爱读书的人可以更好地设身处地为别人着想。根据句意可知，此处应用well的比较级better修饰动词put，表示“爱读书的人”和“不爱读书的人”做个比较，符合句意，故填better。 C 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A team of international____18____(scientist) announced that they discovered a group of dinosaur footprints in Xizang Autonomous Region in China. The team, which consists____19____experts from China, the United States and Germany, found about 99 footprints in that area. According to their findings published in the academic journal Historical Biology earlier this month, these footprints, _____20_____(range) from 22 cm to 99.3 cm in length, are believed to have been left by large, medium and small-sized sauropods (蜥脚龙) dating back to the Middle Jurassic period. 【答案】18. scientists 19. of 20. ranging 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述一个国际科学家团队在中国西藏自治区发现了一组恐龙脚印。 【18题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：一个国际科学家团队宣布，他们在中国西藏自治区发现了一组恐龙脚印。scientist是可数名词，结合“A team of”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填scientists。 【19题详解】 考查介词。句意：由来自中国、美国和德国的专家组成的研究小组在该地区发现了大约99个脚印。consist of由……组成，是固定短语。故填of。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据本月早些时候发表在学术期刊《历史生物学》上的研究结果，这些足迹长度从22厘米到99.3厘米不等，被认为是侏罗纪中期大型、中型和小型蜥脚龙留下的。句中已有谓语动词are believed，空处应用非谓语动词，动词range和逻辑主语footprints之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填ranging。 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Steppingstones is a non-profit organization registered in Shanghai. We recruit, train and support about 1,000 volunteers per year to teach essential 21st-century skills to children and youth in China, focusing on digital literacy, foreign language, and social-emotional learning. If you want to contribute to education, check out the options below and join us today! ·Teaching English Description: Volunteers are needed to teach fun English lessons to disadvantaged children and youth. Each class has 10-30 children at community centers and 40-50 students at migrant schools. Volunteers teach in teams with at least two volunteers per group. Time commitment: A minimum of one school term (3-4 months)or 4-8 weeks during the summer Available for weekday and weekend classes. Volunteers are expected to commit to 4-5 hours per week. Requirements: Minimum 18 years old—16 years old and above can be considered with parental consent in written form after submitting a statement of interest and attending an interview. A good grasp of English and ability to interact well with children and young adults is a must. Location: Shanghai. Travel may be required as most of the program sites are not in downtown Shanghai. ·Teaching digital literacy skills Description: Volunteers are needed to independently teach or to assist our full-time computer teachers to teach digital literacy skills that are common to the modern workplace. Time commitment: A minimum of one school term (3-4 months)or 4-6 weeks during the summer. Available for weekday and weekend classes. Volunteers are expected to commit 2-4 hours per week. Requirements: Native Chinese speaker, with English fluency a plus. Proficient in Microsoft Office Suite. Interested in teaching computer skills to disadvantaged communities. Location: Online or community centers located in Shanghai. ·Non-teaching volunteer roles Description: Not all of our volunteers need to teach. If you prefer to volunteer in other ways, Steppingstones is always interested in volunteers who can help with a whole range of tasks including but not limited to the following: routine office work, fundraising website and graphic design, social media and marketing, and translation. Time commitment: depends on the specific responsibility, but generally at least one day (eight hours)per week. Requirements: Interested in working in the non-profit sector, fluent in English and/or Chinese, patient and flexible, open-minded and easy-going. Location: Steppingstones office, online, or our project sites. For more information, please email us at enquiry@steppingstoneschina.net. 21. If you want to volunteer to teach at Steppingstones, you must be ________. A. familiar with online teaching tools B. able to teach independently in class C. at least 18 years old with parental consent D. available at least four weeks during the summer 22. According to the passage, non-teaching volunteers ________. A. need to work at least 8 hours per day B. should be keen on the non-profit sector C. must have previous graphic design experience D. have to be proficient in three or more languages 23. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To introduce Steppingstones. B. To compare different volunteer roles. C. To illustrate how to apply for volunteer positions. D. To recruit volunteers for a non-profit organization. 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了Steppingstones这一注册于上海的非营利组织；文章详细列出了三种志愿者角色——英语教学、数字素养教学和非教学志愿者角色的具体描述、时间要求、所需条件和工作地点，并鼓励有意愿者加入。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Teaching English部分中的“Time commitment: A minimum of one school term (3-4 months) or 4-8 weeks during the summer. (时间投入：至少一个学期(3-4个月)或暑假4-8周。)”可知，如果你想在Steppingstones做英语教学志愿者，你必须在夏天至少有四周的时间。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Non-teaching volunteer roles部分中的“Requirements: Interested in working in the non-profit sector, fluent in English and/or Chinese, patient and flexible, open-minded and easy-going. (要求：有意在非营利组织领域工作，精通英语和/或中文，有耐心且适应能力强，思想开明、性格随和。)”可知，非教学志愿者应该对非营利部门感兴趣。故选B。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“Steppingstones is a non-profit organization registered in Shanghai. We recruit, train and support about 1,000 volunteers per year to teach essential 21st-century skills to children and youth in China, focusing on digital literacy, foreign language, and social-emotional learning. If you want to contribute to education, check out the options below and join us today! (Steppingstones是在上海注册的一个非营利组织。我们每年招募、培训和支持约1000名志愿者，向中国儿童和青少年教授21世纪必备技能，重点包括数字素养、外语和社会情感学习。如果你想为教育事业做出贡献，请查看下面的选项，今天就加入我们吧！)”可知，本文主要目的是为一个非营利组织招募志愿者。故选D。 B It’s a Saturday night, the kids are asleep and we have no plans. Before we fall into our routine and watch a movie, I try to talk my husband into playing a card game. Unconvinced, he continues tapping away on his phone. But just before disappearing into the social media rabbit hole, he has an idea. He looks over me and suggests, “Why don’t we try calling one of our friends?” I look at him with raised brows, as if his suggestion is somewhat ridiculous and perhaps even socially unacceptable. You can’t just call someone out of the blue now…right? But then I think again and realize that at one point in time, in the not so distant past, this was the norm. I spent my early teenage years connecting with friends through a phone that was connected to a wall. It wasn’t “smart”, but it allowed me to keep in touch with the latest gossip and news. We would chat for hours, sometimes while I hid under my blanket in order to avoid the chance of being caught by my parents. I could even memorize the phone numbers of loved ones then. While I did own an address book—and there was always the White Pages, where you could look people up by their names—I had the contact details of special friends, first loves and family members committed to memory. I guess these days, they would be on my “Favorites” list in my smartphone. Today, many of my “favorite” people are followed from a distance through social media, and even they very rarely—if ever—would get an actual call from me. The birth announcement by my oldest friend is received through catching a well-defined bump into a photo that I scroll past. The news of a divorce from a couple whom I had considered my second parents when I was in middle school arrives after a photo of a woman led me on a quest for more gossip. Bits of such information, a collection of wonderful, exciting, shocking and also boring news, may have been a part of my digital feed for years. The idea of actually picking up the phone to reconnect with a long-lost friend is an intimidating one—even seeing the name of an old friend pop up in an incoming call can feel a little afraid. I ask my husband, “Who would we call?” After tossing around a few names, we agree on some potential candidates—people whose lives have taken them in different directions, but with whom we still share deep friendships. 24. How does the author feel about her husband’s suggestion at first? A. Excited. B. Motivated. C. Nervous. D. Surprised. 25. With the phone, the author’s teenage years was_____. A. difficult but interesting B. peaceful and meaningful C. pleasant and unforgettable D. inconvenient but enjoyable 26. In the following days, the couple may ____. A. share more of their private information with others B. contact more long-lost friends through social media C. have more personal communications with their friends D. add more friends’ names to the contact lists in their phones 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要记叙了周六的一个晚上，作者的丈夫突然提议给朋友们打电话，这让作者回忆起了自己少年时代和朋友打电话的愉快经历，反思现在和朋友都是通过社交媒体在远处被关注，于是决定和丈夫开始给朋友打电话。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中I look at him with raised brows, as if his suggestion is somewhat ridiculous and perhaps even socially unacceptable.可知我皱起眉头看着他，好像他的建议有些可笑，甚至在社会方面是不能接受的。由此可推知，作者一开始对她丈夫的建议感到惊讶。故选D。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中I spent my early teenage years connecting with friends through a phone that was connected to a wall. It wasn’t “smart”, but it allowed me to keep in touch with the latest gossip and news. We would chat for hours, sometimes while I hid under my blanket in order to avoid the chance of being caught by my parents.可知我在十几岁时候通过一个连在墙上的电话和朋友们联系。这样做并不“聪明”，但可以让我了解最新的八卦和新闻。我们会聊上几个小时，有时我会躲在毯子下面以免被父母抓到。由此可推知，有了电话，作者的少年时代是愉快而难忘的。故选C。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段I ask my husband, “Who would we call?” After tossing around a few names, we agree on some potential candidates—people whose lives have taken them in different directions, but with whom we still share deep friendships.可知我问丈夫：“我们该给谁打电话呢?”在讨论了几个人的名字之后，我们就一些可能的候选人达成了一致——这些人的生活将他们引向不同的方向，但我们仍然和他们有着深厚的友谊。由此可推知，在接下来的几天里，这对夫妇可能会添加更多朋友们的名字到他们的电话联系人列表，和他们的朋友有更多的私人交流。故选C。 C It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong. A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15. 4 degrees off to the observer’s right-well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “She’s not looking at you. “ This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect” . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don’t cut the gaze of the character to that side-surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn’t looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead. Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected(和……相交) Mona Lisa’s gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the “Mona Lisa” portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name. 27. It is generally believed that the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”___________. A. attracts the viewers to look back B. seems mysterious because of her eyes C. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers D. looks at the viewers wherever they stand 28. What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect? A. B. C. D. 29. The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to______. A. confirm Horstmann’s belief B. create artificial-intelligence avatars C. calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze D. explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied 30. What can we learn from the passage? A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”. B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence. C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention. D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgement. 【答案】27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们通常认为《蒙娜丽莎》画像中的女性无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎蒙娜丽莎总像是在注视着画外人，但事实证明，这种常识是错误的。为什么人们总是认为她的眼睛会跟着观众走呢？Horstmann并不确定。有可能是人们有被注视的欲望，所以他们认为蒙娜丽莎在注视他们，这就是“蒙娜丽莎效应”。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room.众所周知，列奥纳多•达•芬奇(Leonardo da Vinci)最著名的画作中的女人，无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎娜丽莎总像是在注视着画外人，用她的眼睛跟随他们。可知，人们普遍认为，无论站在哪里，画作《蒙娜丽莎》中的女人都会看着画外人。故选D项。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.只要人的视线与两边的夹角不超过5度，就会出现蒙娜丽莎效应。故选B项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen.为了确保不仅仅是他，研究人员让24个人在电脑屏幕上观看“蒙娜丽莎”的图像。可知，为了证实霍斯曼的看法，对24个人进行了调查。故选 A项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题题。根据最后一段中It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them.他说，人们有被注视的欲望是可能的，所以他们认为女人在注视他们。可知，蒙娜丽莎被注视的感觉可能是由于对注意力的渴望引起的。故选C项。 D I was at the Gathering for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were 70.000 other scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and truth. Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism. I've been out there talking to the science deniers, and I've asked my scientist friends to come with me. “Those people just aren't worth talking to.” they'll say. “I wouldn't make a difference anyway.” What's wrong. Those people can and do change their minds, although it requires someone to put in the time to overcome distrust. To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against misinformation, enduring abuse on social media and even threats to their safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations, it's not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when fared with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to target corrective information. In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can be effective. Science deniers all draw on the same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking evidence, relying on fake experts, and engaging in illogical reasoning. A landmark 2019 study showed that critiquing the flawed techniques can contain the spread of misinformation. So how does “technique rebuttal” work in practice? Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke conducted more than 1.000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions. Those parents' children were 9% more likely to receive all the vaccines on the schedule than were those of uninterviewed parents whose babies were delivered in the same maternity ward. One mother told him: “It's the first time that I've had a discussion like this, and I feel respected, and I trust you.” It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust. So what should scientists do? Even non-experts can use technique rebuttal. A geologist can engage a neighbor who is vaccine hesitant. A protein biologist can coach an aunt or uncle who wants “more evidence” that climate change is real. Instead of shilling to more comfortable conversations, engage in respectful exchange. If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer. 31. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Gathering for Science addressed online abuse. B. The silence of scientists worsens harm from science denial. C. Ineffective vaccines speed up the spread of some epidemics. D. The author's friends find it valuable to talk with science deniers. 32. According to the passage, the “backfire effect” ______. A. suggests caution before correcting others B. emphasizes the effectiveness of rebuttals C. results from flawed reasoning techniques D. enjoys wide support in the academic field 33. The last two paragraphs suggest that ______. A. the interviewed parents agreed to vaccination due to the sufficiency of the information B. geologists and protein biologists need to make sure the conversations are comfortable C. scientists are encouraged to listen carefully and ask questions during interaction D. scientists should teach non-experts how to conduct respectful exchanges 34. In writing this passage, the author aims to ______. A. express concerns for misinformation B. analyze the main cause of science denial C. advocate employing technique rebuttal D. present the problems scientists encounter 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章提出了否认科学所造成的危害不断加剧这一问题，然后就此问题提出解决办法，即要有技术性的反驳，鼓励科学家在互动过程中，要去仔细聆听他人且问他人问题。 【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第二段的“Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism.”(如今，科学家们在哪里？自从那时起，否认科学的危害只增不减: 由于对气候变化的不作为，全球苦难加剧，随着对疫苗的怀疑，一些流行病不断出现。)可知，作者提出 “科学家如今都在哪里？”，这暗示了科学家们如今都保持沉默，从而加剧了否认科学所造成的危害。故选B。 2.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when fared with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive.”( 大多数情况下，他们的借口都是基于“回火效应”，2010年的一值得怀疑的发现是，当人们面对纠正性信息时，人们有时会更强烈地接受错误概念，这意味着反击谬误是适得其反的。)可知，backfire effect(回火效应)表明，人们在纠正别人时会产生适得其反的效果，所以推断出，backfire effect(回火效应)表明在纠正其他人之前要谨慎。故选A。 3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“...conducted more than 1.000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions... It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust.”(进行了超过1000次20分钟的采访，在采访中，他们听取新任父母对疫苗的关注，并回答了他们的问题......在科学传播中，你不能仅凭事实就说服一个否认科学的人，这是不言而喻的；大多数否认科学的人并不缺乏信息，而是缺乏信任。)和最后一段“If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer.”(如果你花更多的时间问问题而不是解释，人们就会更加注意你给出的解释。)可以推断出，最后两段表明，在互动过程中，科学家被鼓励要去仔细聆听他人且问他人问题，故选C。 4.推理判断题。文章第一段讲了2017年“我”和70000位科学家一起在波士顿的科学大会上维护事实和真理。第二段讲述了如今，科学家们都保持沉默，否认科学所造成的危害不断加剧。第三段作者表明只要投入时间就能改变别人对科学的否认。第四段作者用“回火效应”来表明，在纠正别人之前要谨慎。第五段作者提出反驳别人的谬误是有效果的。第六段，第七段和第八段介绍了“技术性的反驳”在实践中的应用，同时要鼓励科学家在互动过程中，要仔细聆听他人，且问他人问题。所以，综合全文可知，作者先提出现有的问题，即否认科学造成危害不断加剧，然后提出解决办法--即要有技术性的反驳，所以可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的就是要提倡使用技术性的反驳，故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them. ____35____ There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews. ___36___ Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”. A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails. ____37____ Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence. If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them. ____38____ You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what? ___39___ However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins — to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice. A. This is a ready-made support for you. B. Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews. C. You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying. D. Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave. E. The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these. F. Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another person. G. You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean. 【答案】35. E 36. F 37. A 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是面试的相关信息。 【35题详解】 上一句提到“面试就是和某人讨论，你试图从他们那里获得信息。”此处承接上文，E选项“这些信息可能是事实、观点、态度或它们的任何组合。”切题。该选项“the information”与上文呼应，故选E项。 【36题详解】 上一句提到“面试有三种基本的子类型:结构化面试、非结构化面试和半结构化面试。”此处承接上文，F选项“每一种方式都要求面试官与另一个人面对面或通过电话联系。”切题。该选项中的“each”与上一句中的“three basic sub-types of interview”呼应，故选F项。 【37题详解】 上一句提到“这种私人接触提供了很多东西:你是另一个人，面试者会以一种完全不同的方式当面回答你，而不是通过信箱或电子邮件回复问卷。”此处承接上文，A选项“这对你来说是一种现成的支持。”切题。该选项中的“this”与上一句的“this personal contact”呼应，故选A项。 【38题详解】 上一句提到“最重要的是，当你和面试者交谈时，你能理解他们（和他们产生共鸣）。”此处承接上文，C选项“你将能够听到并理解他们在说什么。”切题。该选项中的“understand”与上一句的“relate to”呼应，故选C项。 【39题详解】 上一句提到“由于私人接触的重要性，你的外表和语气很重要——你希望别人怎么看你？作为‘我们中的一员’？作为一个有权威的人？作为一个观察者吗？……或者什么？”承接上文，D选项“你的决定会影响你的外表、声音和行为。”切题。该选项中的“the way that you look, sound and behave”与上一句话中的“your appearance and tone”呼应，故选D项。 【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。 即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同类词等。 其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代等。在本文中，第1小题的“the information”，第2小题的“each”，第3小题的“this”，第4小题的“understand”，第5小题的“the way that you look, sound and behave”均与上下文有相呼应的词语。 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第59、60题2分，61题3分，62题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 “One person’s trash is another person’s treasure.” That’s a common expression, but the next time you throw something away, think about a twist on the old saying. What if your trash could become your own treasure? Many creative, thrifty, and environmentally minded people have come up with a way to make that happen. It’s called upcycling. Our world would be a better place if everyone would begin upcycling. Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. For example, how about that pair of jeans with a hole in one knee? It could become a new pillow for your bedroom. How about the old T-shirts you never wear anymore? It could be sewed together to make a picnic blanket. All of these are examples of upcycling. Upcycling is not the same as recycling. Upcycling is actually much better for the environment. Recycling takes an item made of glass, paper, metal, or plastic, breaks it down to its base material, and then uses that material to make another product. This requires a great deal of energy. On the other hand, when you choose to upcycle, the only energy you use is your own. And upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into our landfills, but it also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. Recycling is good for the environment, but upcycling is even better. Upcycling also makes a family’s budget stretch further. Before you run to the store to buy something, look around your house. Old teacups can be transformed into candles. And an old ladder can even become a bookshelf. Of course, the idea of reusing items to save money is not new. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, many families lived on a tight budget. People had to use what they already had in order to meet their needs. Flour sacks were used to make clothes, and a broken door became a new table. Today we should follow the examples of our great-grandparents and save money by upcycling. As responsible citizens, we should all be concerned with protecting our environment and budgeting our resources. Upcycling is a fun and creative way to help. The next time you go to toss something into the trash can, stop and think about what it could become. Chances are, there’s a brand-new item in your hand just waiting to be upcycled. 40. What is upcycling according to the passage? ________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is upcycling much better for the environment than recycling? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Upcycling makes a family’s budget stretch further because it saves a lot of energy. ________________________________________________________________ 43. As the sports meeting is coming, please figure out one thing to upcycle. Explain the upcycling process and how it will help.（In about 40 words） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. 41. Because it protects natural resources./ Because it saves energy./ Because the only energy you use is your own. Because upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into the landfills, but also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. 42. Upcycling makes a family’s budget stretch further because it saves a lot of energy. According to the passage, upcycling makes a family’s budget stretch further because people use what they already had to save money, not energy. 43 Possible versions: I can upcycle old T-shirts into cheering banners. First, I will cut the T-shirts into strips, then tie them to wooden sticks. Second, the strips will be decorated with athletes’ names and our class slogan. These banners not only reduce textile waste but also save class expenditure. I will upcycle discarded plastic bottles into sports award stands. First, I will clean and cut them creatively. Then, I will assemble the pieces into unique medal display stands with glue. This reduces landfill burden while celebrating champions in an eco-friendly way, benefiting both the environment and school spirit. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了“升级再利用”（Upcycling）的概念及其益处。升级再利用是指将不再需要的物品改造成有用的新物品，这种做法不仅有利于环保，还能节省家庭开支。文章通过举例说明了升级再利用的创意应用，并鼓励人们为了环保和节约资源而实践这一做法。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. (升级再利用是将不再需要的物品改造成有用的新物品的做法。)”可知，此处提出了升级再利用是将不再需要的物品改造成有用的新物品的做法。故答案为Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Recycling takes an item made of glass, paper, metal, or plastic, breaks it down to its base material, and then uses that material to make another product. This requires a great deal of energy. On the other hand, when you choose to upcycle, the only energy you use is your own. And upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into our landfills, but it also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. (回收利用是指将由玻璃、纸张、金属或塑料制成的物品分解成其基本材料，然后用这些材料制造出另一种产品。这一过程需要耗费大量的能源。而当你选择进行再利用时，所消耗的能源仅仅是你自己所拥有的。再利用不仅减少了进入垃圾填埋场的垃圾量，还保护了诸如石油和天然气等自然资源。)”可知，升级再利用对环境的益处，包括保护自然资源、节约能源以及减少垃圾填埋量。故答案为Because it protects natural resources./ Because it saves energy./ Because the only energy you use is your own./Because upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into the landfills, but also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段中“Upcycling also makes a family’s budget stretch further. Before you run to the store to buy something, look around your house. Old teacups can be transformed into candles. And an old ladder can even become a bookshelf. (升级再利用还能让家庭的预算得到更有效的利用。在你跑去商店购买物品之前，先看看你家里的东西。旧茶杯可以被改造成蜡烛。而旧梯子甚至还能变成书架。)”可知，文章列举了“旧茶杯可以被改造成蜡烛。而旧梯子甚至还能变成书架”的例子解释了什么是升级再利用技术，即通过利用现有的物品节省开支。故升级再利用技术能让家庭的预算发挥更大的作用，因为人们利用现有的物品来节省开支，而非消耗能源。因此题干中“Upcycling makes a family’s budget stretch further because it saves a lot of energy.(再利用技术能让一个家庭的开支得到更有效的利用，因为它能节省大量能源。)”的“because it saves a lot of energy.”陈述与原文不符，是错误表述。故答案为Upcycling makes a family’s budget stretch further because it saves a lot of energy；According to the passage, upcycling makes a family’s budget stretch further because people use what they already had to save money, not energy. 【43题详解】 本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。根据题干“As the sports meeting is coming, please figure out one thing to upcycle. Explain the upcycling process and how it will help. (随着运动会的临近，请想出一个可以进行再利用改造的点子。详细说明这个再利用改造的过程以及它将带来的好处。)”可知，结合自己实际，本人认为：我可以将旧T恤升级再利用制作成加油横幅。首先，我会将T恤裁剪成条状，然后将它们绑在木棍上。接着，我会在这些条幅上装饰上运动员的名字和我们的班级口号。这些横幅不仅能够减少纺织废物，还能节省班级的开支。故答案为：I can upcycle old T-shirts into cheering banners. First, I will cut the T-shirts into strips, then tie them to wooden sticks. Second, the strips will be decorated with athletes’ names and our class slogan. These banners not only reduce textile waste but also save class expenditure. 或者结合自己实际，本人认为：我会将废弃的塑料瓶升级再利用制作成运动颁奖台。首先，我会将它们清洗干净并进行创意性的切割。然后，我会用胶水将这些部件组装成独特的奖牌展示架。这样做既减轻了垃圾填埋场的负担，又以一种环保的方式庆祝冠军，既有利于环境又弘扬了学校精神。故答案也可以为：I will upcycle discarded plastic bottles into sports award stands. First, I will clean and cut them creatively. Then, I will assemble the pieces into unique medal display stands with glue. This reduces landfill burden while celebrating champions in an eco-friendly way, benefiting both the environment and school spirit. 第二节 作文（共20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请教学经验丰富的英语教师Jim为你们班做一次关于提升英语听口能力的经验交流。内容包括： 1．交流的内容及原因； 2．交流时间和其他事项。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Possible version: Dear Jim, I am Li Hua from Hongxing Middle School. Knowing that you have rich experience in teaching English, I sincerely invite you to give us a talk on English listening and speaking skills. We hope the talk can cover practical strategies, such as quick note-taking while listening and effective ways to organize oral responses. These skills are crucial for the upcoming exam, which places great emphasis on practical language application. Additionally, we hope you can share common mistakes made by examinees so that we can avoid making similar mistakes. Could you come on the afternoon of June 30th? The talk will be held in classroom 101 from 2:30 to 4:00 p.m. After the talk, we would like to have a Q&A session. We would be beyond grateful if you could come. Looking forward to your arrival! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给英语老师Jim写信，邀请他来做关于英语听说技巧的讲座。 【详解】1.词汇积累 邀请：invite→ask 实用的：practical→useful 组织：organize→arrange 此外：additionally→moreover 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：After the talk, we would like to have a Q&A session. 拓展句：After the talk, we would like to have a session where questions and answers are exchanged. 【点睛】【高分句型1】These skills are crucial for the upcoming exam, which places great emphasis on practical language application. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Additionally, we hope you can share common mistakes made by examinees so that we can avoid making similar mistakes.（运用了省略that引导的宾语从句，过去分词made作后置定语以及so that引导的状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $