Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 核心知识点精讲精练 2(Grammar)-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册教材核心知识全解（人教版2024）

Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 部分精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · Grammar 部分还设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，有单项填空、翻译句子、语篇填空、补全对话、完形填空、阅读理解等丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握单元语法知识。 1、 单元语法解析 形容词与副词的最高级 当进行三者或三者以上事物比较时，可以用形容词或副词的最高级形式来表示。 1. 比较级的构成规则 (1) 一般在词尾加-est：tall--tallest；long--longest (2) 以不发音的e结尾，直接加-st：nice--nicest；huge--hugest (3) 重读闭音节的单词，当词尾只有一个辅音字母时，要先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-est：fat--fattest；big--biggest；hot--hottest (4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，将y改为i，再加-est：busy---busiest；heavy--heaviest 注意： dry的比较级为driest shy的比较级为shyest (5) 部分双音节词和多音节词在其前面加most构成比较级：beautiful--most beautiful；popular--most popular 注意： 以-y；-ly等后缀构成的双音节派生词和以形容词前缀un-开头的三音节词，末尾加-est构成比较级：friendly--friendliest；healthy--healthiest；unhappy--unhappiest；lovely--loveliest 以加-ing；-ed；-ful；-ous等后缀构成的派生词在单词前加most构成比较级：helpful--most helpful；tired--most tired；famous--most famous (6) 不规则变化： good/well--best；bad/badly/ill--worst；many/much--most；little--least；far--farthest/furthest；old--oldest/eldest 注意： oldest即可以修饰物，也可以修饰人；eldest只表示“年龄最老的”。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 写出下列单词的比较级和最高级形式 原型 比较级 最高级 原型 比较级 最高级 (1) large (2) well (3) heavy (4) shy (5) bad (6) high (7) beautiful (8) hot (9) dangerous (10) friendly (11) slowly (12) far (13) early (14) helpful 2. 最高级的具体用法 (1) the+最高级(+n.)+比较范围 比较范围通常为in/of/among...介词短语或从句。 He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班最高的男孩。 Safety is the most important of all. 安全是最重要的。 This is the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 (2) one of the +最高级+可数名词复数 此结构表示“...中最...的之一”。 The Amazon River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 亚马逊河是世界上最长的河之一。 Mount Taishan is one of the most popular tourist attractions in China. 泰山是中国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。 (3) Which/Who...+最高级，A,B or C / 比较范围? Which coat is the cheapest, the red one, the yellow one or the black one? 哪件外套最便宜，红色的、黄色的还是黑色的？ Who runs fastest in your class? 你们班谁跑得最快？ (4) the+序数词+最高级 Hainan Island is the second largest island in China. 海南岛是中国第二大岛。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —How is your new school, Tom? —It’s great! The teachers are friendly here, and the campus (校园) is ________ in the city. A．the most beautiful B．more beautiful C．beautiful D．the more beautiful (2) —Of all the subjects, I think Chinese is ______. —I think so. A．interesting B．more interesting C．most interesting D．the most interesting (3) The Yellow River is the ________ river in China. A．second long B．second longest C．second longer D．two longest (4) Among all the vehicles (交通工具), the plane is ________ one these days. A．safe B．safer C．the safer D．the safest (5) The hotel is very old. It’s one of _______ in the city. A．the oldest building B．older buildings C．the oldest buildings D．old building (6) Skating is one of ________ sports in winter. Teenagers love to play in the snow. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．the least popular (7) The African elephant is the second ________ land animal in the world, just behind the Asian elephant. A．larger B．large C．the largest D．largest (8) Tianshui, a new popular spot for Hot Pot, is ________city in Gansu Province. A．second largest B．second larger C．the second large D．the second largest (9) Who sings ________, Tom, Jack or Bill? A．more beautiful B．more beautifully C．the most beautifully D．the most beautiful (10) —The app Douyin is a hit among the young people in China. —Yes. It’s one of _________ apps I’ve ever used. A．good B．better C．the best D．the worse 3. 比较级形式表示最高级含义 (1) 比较级+than+any+other+单数名词 比较级+than+the other+复数名词 这两个结构用于同一范围内的比较，表示“...比任何其他的...更...”，实际含义也就是前者是同一范围内最...的一个，表示最高级含义。 Mike is taller than any other boy in his class. 迈克比班上任何其他男孩都高。(迈克是班上最高的男孩) Asia is bigger than the other continents on the earth.亚洲是地球上最大的洲。 (2) 比较级+than+anything/anyone else Time is more valuable than anything else. 时间是最宝贵的。 (3) 否定词与比较级连用 No one is more careful than Tom. 没有人比Tom更认真了。(Tom是最认真的) I can’ agree with you more. 我完全同意你的看法。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Many actors are in My People, My Country. Who do you think act ________? —Of course Mr. Huang. We can’t find ________ one. A．better; a best B．a better; best C．best; a better D．a best; better (2) —Tom, why do so many people choose to visit Jiaochang road in Kunming in May? —Because they think the Jacaranda mimosifolia (蓝花楹) is ________ than any other flower. A．more beautiful B．beautiful C．most beautiful D．much beautiful (3) —Do you know Shanghai is one of ________ cities in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than ________ city in China. A．the biggest; any other B．the biggest; any C．bigger; any other D．bigger; the other (4) —What do you think of the talent show? —It’s excellent! I’ve never seen a ________ one than this. A．better B．the worst C．worse D．the best (5) The pollution here couldn’t be ________. There was a heavy smoke with terrible smell. A．bad B．worse C．worst D．better (6) —What do you think of his drawing? —Oh, no one draws ________. A．good B．well C．better D．best 4. 使用最高级的注意事项 (1) 形容词最高级前的the一般不能省略；副词最高级前的the可以省略。 He is the cleverest student in our school. 他是我们学校最聪明的学生。 He run (the) fastest in our school. 他是我们学校跑的最快地。 (2) 形容词最高级前省略the的情况 · 表示“非常” It’s a most important problem. 这是个非常重要的问题。 · 形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰 These are her best shoes. 这是她最好的鞋子。 · 两个形容词最高级修饰同一个名词时，后一个最高级前的the通常省略 This is the biggest and newest room in our hotel. 这是我们旅馆最大最新的房间。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Andy! Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is ________ best film I have ever seen. —I can’t agree more. I have never seen ________ better one before. A．the; the B．/; the C．a; a D．the; a (2) —Why is Danny so popular with his classmates? —Because he can sing ________ in his class. A．more beautifully B．most beautifully C．more beautiful D．less beautifully (3) —I think the mobile phone is __________ of all. —I don’t agree with you. A．more useful B．the more useful C．most useful D．the most useful (4) —Which is ________ season in your hometown? —I think it’s spring. Everything is so beautiful in the spring. A．nice B．nicer C．nicest D．the nicest (5) Jim runs the ________ of the three. A．quickest B．more quickly C．quicker D．most quickly (6) —Lucy is one of ________ students in our class. She is very popular among us. —What a nice girl! Her parents must be proud of her. A．the friendliest B．most successful C．more outgoing D．calmer 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) Among all mountains in China, Mount Tai is not only ________ than any other mountains, but also ________, said by tourists around the world. A．higher; the most beautiful B．the highest; more beautiful C．high; the most beautiful D．higher; more beautiful (2) —Tony always arrives __________ among us. —Yes, he likes to be prepared for everything in advance. A．earlier B．later C．the earliest D．the latest (3) —What do you think of your cousin? —I think he is ________ of all the boys and girls here. A．funny B．funnier C．funniest D．the funniest (4) —What do you think of the movie Ne Zha 2? —It’s fantastic and it’s one of ________ films during the Spring Festival. A．the most popular B．more popular C．less popular D．popular (5) Dianchi Lake in Kunming is one of ________ freshwater lakes in China. A．large B．the largest C．larger D．largest (6) —Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River? —The Yangtze River. It is the third ________ river in the world. A．longer; long B．longest; long C．longest; longer D．longer; longest (7) Paul loves animals, so he looks after Mary’s pet dog ________ of all her friends. A．more careful B．the most careful C．the most carefully D．more carefully (8) Before the sports meeting, Tom trained ________ than his teammates, but Jerry practised ________ of all, so Jerry won the championship at last. A．harder; hardest B．hard; harder C．more hard; most hardest D．hardest; harder (9) —Which clothes store is ________, Miller’s or Blue Moon? —Miller’s, of course. And you can buy clothes ________ there in town. A．the better; the most cheaply B．better; the cheapest C．better; most cheaply D．more good; cheapest (10) —Do you like eating sea food? —Of course. Nothing can be ________. A．delicious B．much delicious C．more delicious D．most delicious (11) —Who sings ________ of the three girls? —Mary. I think no one sings ________ beautifully than her. A．better; the most B．better; more C．the best; the most D．the best; more (12) —Education helps us make choices much more ________. —I couldn’t agree ________. My dream is to go to college. A．wisely; less B．wisely; more C．wise; less D．wise; more (13) The film is one of ________ that I’ve ever seen. I almost fell asleep in the cinema. A．the most interesting B．the least interesting C．the most bored D．the least boring (14) —China is over 5000 years old. It’s one of ________ countries in the world. —Yes. It has much ________ history than the US. A．old; long B．the older; longer C．the oldest; the longest D．the oldest; longer (15) China is almost as ________ as the US, and it is the ________ country in Asia. A．big; bigger B．big; biggest C．bigger; biggest D．big; big (16) —Mary looks so slim. —Yes. She eats the ________ meat and the ________ vegetables of us. A．least; most B．fewest; most C．most; fewest D．fewest; least 2. 用所给词的适当形式填空，或填写适当的词使语法正确并且句意完整。 (1) The Mogao Caves are one of the (large) stone-carved art treasures in the world. (2) The boy has the (little) milk of the three. (3) Who do you think is (funny), Mark, Claire, or Sue? (4) I think roses are the (nice) of all the flowers. (5) I have the (few) books of the six students. (6) I think he can jump (far) of us all and he will go abroad (在国外) for (far) study. (7) Central Park is one of the (important) public parks in New York. (8) Mount Huang is one of the (amazing) mountains in China. (9) It is also one of the world’s (important) wetlands. (10) The Spring Festival is one of the (hot) festivals in China. (11) The (three) longest river in the world is the Yangtze River. (12) Steve is the second (tall) student in our class. (13) Of the three post offices, this one is the (close) to my house. (14) I think Jack writes (careful) of all the students. He seldom makes mistakes. (15) I think she dances (good) in our class. (16) Who sings the (loudly), Susan, Betty or Karen? (17) —What do you think of this kind of clay art? —Great! I have never seen a (beautiful) one. (18) Nobody is (clever) than Jane in our class. (19) Lucy is (thin) than any other student in her class. (20) According to Guinness World Records (世界吉尼斯纪录), Jeanne Louise Calment of France is the world’s woman, at 122 years 164 days. (old) 3. 翻译句子。 (1) 非洲象是最大的陆地动物。 (2) 这三个孩子当中，吉姆写作业最慢，但是犯错往往也最少。 (3) 我觉得胡萝卜是最健康的蔬菜之一。 (4) 长城是世界上最著名的地方之一。 (5) 洞庭湖是中国第二大淡水湖。 (6) 你最喜欢哪项运动，游泳，跑步还是打篮球？ (7) 汤姆是我们班最有趣的男孩。(用两种结构翻译) 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法选择 The giraffe has a very long neck and four long and thin legs. It is the tallest living animal on land. Its front legs are 1 than its back legs. An adult giraffe can be five meters tall. It can run very 2 —about 30 miles an hour. It is brown and yellow. Giraffes are from Africa. They can 3 up to 25 years in the wild. They do not like being alone and they live in groups of six or more. To find food, they travel over 4 large area and don’t have a fixed (固定的) home. They spend most of a day 5 . The leaves, flowers and fruit at the top of trees 6 their main food, and they also eat grass and plants. A mother giraffe is pregnant (怀孕的) 7 about 15 months and only has one baby. It gives birth while standing up. 8 a baby giraffe’s first experience in the world is to fall several meters from the ground! Within one hour of being born, the baby giraffe is on its feet searching for milk from 9 mother. The baby giraffe can weigh 60 kilos at birth and it stops growing when it is 10 years old. 1．A．long B．longer C．the longest 2．A．fast B．fastly C．faster 3．A．lived B．are living C．live 4．A．a B．an C．the 5．A．eat B．eating C．to eat 6．A．is B．are C．were 7．A．from B．by C．for 8．A．So B．But C．When 9．A．it B．it’s C．its 10．A．tenth B．ten C．the ten 2. 完形填空 Octopuses (章鱼) are smart sea animals. They have special ways to keep themselves 1 . Since they don’t have teeth or claws (爪子), they have learned clever ways to escape from danger, One way is 2 . Octopuses often hide in the sand at the bottom of the sea. Because their bodies are very 3 , they can get into small spaces between rocks to stay safe. Another way is changing colour. Octopuses can change the colour of their skin to look like the sand or rocks around them. This colour change 4 them to stay hidden from other animals. Octopuses can also shoot dark 5 into the water. The ink makes a cloud that confuses (迷惑) other animals, giving the octopus time to swim away. It’s like a magic 6 ! It can also make itself look like a sea snake by hiding its body in the sand and sticking out two arms. The arms will change colour to look like a snake and 7 the enemy away. And if there’s no time to hide, the octopus can 8 one of its arms! The arm will keep moving to distract (迷惑) the enemy while the octopus swims away. Don’t 9 —the arm will grow back later! Octopuses are truly amazing animals with 10 ways to stay safe! 1．A．warm B．happy C．safe D．healthy 2．A．swimming B．jumping C．fighting D．hiding 3．A．long B．thick C．soft D．hard 4．A．stops B．helps C．warns D．forces 5．A．ink B．light C．sound D．wind 6．A．trick B．reply C．clock D．day 7．A．give B．take C．put D．scare 8．A．break off B．raise up C．show off D．fix up 9．A．count B．accept C．worry D．push 10．A．dangerous B．stupid C．clever D．honest 3. 语法填空 A Giraffes are the world’s tallest land animal. At birth, a baby giraffe is about 1.8 metres tall and weighs about 68 kilograms. A giraffe’s tongue (舌头) is usually black, blue 1 purple. It can be about 50 cm long. That means the animal can use its tongue 2 (get) food high in the tree. Healthy giraffes can live about 25 years in the wild. In the zoo, they can live 28 years or longer. Giraffes often live in groups of 10 to 20. A group of giraffes is called a “tower”. Giraffes’ groups can change every day, even from hour 3 hour. A “tower” of giraffes you see today might not be the same one you see tomorrow. It’s amazing, isn’t it? Living in groups offers many 4 (advantage) to giraffes. It helps giraffes share information about food and water and provides 5 (safe) in numbers in a “tower”. Giraffes play 6 important role in nature. But now they are in trouble. The number of giraffes is getting smaller. People 7 (hunt) giraffes for a long time for their meat, coats and tails. Habitat loss (栖息地丧失) is 8 (big) problem among the ones they face now. Giraffes are 9 (true) special animals. Learning about the problems they face helps us protect them. By sharing these wonderful facts, we can help do something to make sure giraffes and 10 (they) homes are safe for the future. B Hummingbirds are beautiful birds. These amazing birds live in North and South America. Many of 1 (they) are quite tiny. Actually, they are 2 (small) birds in the world, some are only six centimeters long. However, they are famous 3 flying fast. They can fly up to 48 kilometers 4 hour! Hummingbirds move their wings very fast. They can fly straight up or hover (盘旋), just like helicopters (直升机). These little birds can also fly backward! Do you know 5 they are called hummingbirds? Because when they fly, their wings make a humming sound. Their wings hum because they beat so fast, many times every second. And that 6 (take) a lot of energy. So they’re always busy looking for food. Hummingbirds have no sense of smell , but they can see 7 (real) well. They like 8 (color) flowers. They always fly around flowers 9 (look) for food. They just need food so much that they have to eat every 10-15 110 (minute)! Actually, they can eat half their weight in sugar every day. 4. 补全语篇 The chrysanthemum (菊花) is a very popular flower in China. The beautiful flower has many meanings in Chinese culture. The chrysanthemum is known as one of the “Four Gentlemen in Plants”. The other three are the plum blossom, the orchid, and bamboo. 1 The chrysanthemum comes out in bright colors during cold autumn days, when most flowers die. They are beautiful, strong and tough. So the flower greatly inspired (激励) Chinese poets. They used it to represent (代表) themselves in their works. 2 He once wrote a poem about living as a hermit (隐士). He showed how he loved the chrysanthemum and used it to show his spirits in the poem. “I pluck chrysanthemums under the eastern fence (篱笆). Carefree, I catch the sight of Southern Mountain,” Tao wrote in his poem. 3 But chrysanthemums are not only found in Chinese poems. 4 The Chongyang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month in the lunar calendar (阴历). On that day, drinking wine (酒) made from chrysanthemums is a popular tradition. Chrysanthemum tea is also usually seen on Chinese dinner tables. 5 In a word, the chrysanthemum has brought great influence to people’s life. A．They are also part of Chinese food. B．From then on, the chrysanthemum has become the symbol of the hermit. C．In the past, all of them stood for noble qualities (高尚的品质). D．Tao Yuanming was a famous poet. E．It is tasty and people believe it is good for their health. 5. 阅读理解 A ①The fastest growing plant in the world is bamboo. Some bamboo grows so quickly that people say they can watch it grow. The speed of growth depends on the type of bamboo, the soil and the season. Normal bamboo grows about 30cm a day. It usually grows in tropical areas (热带地区). It can also be found in other parts of the world. Bamboo plants are found in Asia, parts of Africa and South America. ②Bamboo is a wonderful plant for many people around the world. There are over 1, 000 uses for it. People make tables, clothes, and it is also edible (可食用的). ③________ People use it because it’s very strong. They use it to build houses, boats and bridges. The Chinese made a bamboo bridge over the Min River in Sichuan, China almost 1,000 years ago. Bamboo is used to build houses especially in China and the Philippines. ④Bamboo is the earliest material used to make the light bulb. The great scientist Thomas Edison did not invent the light bulb, but he made it perfect. He wanted the material inside to burn for a long period of time. He tried over 1,000 different types of materials. None worked very well. One day, he tried to use a piece of bamboo and the light bulb lit up for over a thousand hours. This invention helped other scientists to make the modern light bulb we use today. 1．What can we know from the passage? A．Bamboo can’t be eaten. B．Bamboo was used in building 1,000 years ago. C．Bamboo is stronger than other materials. D．Bamboo was the earliest material. 2．Which sentence can be put in the “________”? A．The lovely pandas often feed on bamboo. B．People planted bamboo hundreds of years ago. C．One of the world’s oldest building materials is bamboo. D．Bamboo that grows in tropical forests is usually tall and large. 3．What is the purpose of writing the passage? A．To let readers know the importance of bamboo. B．To learn how to build a house with bamboo. C．To learn how to protect bamboo. D．To know how to plant bamboo. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．All types of bamboo grow 30cm a day. B．Bamboo can only be found in tropical areas. C．The Chinese built a bamboo bridge over the Min River about 1,000 years ago. D．Thomas Edison invented the light bulb with the bamboo material. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A．B． C． D． B Imagine if animals could join the Olympic Games! They’d need three different gold medals for the champions (冠军) of speed on land, in the sea, and in the sky. On ground, the cheetah would race past everyone, a sailfish would swim to victory at 110 km/h. And up in the air, a peregrine falcon (游隼) would fly down at an amazing speed of 320 km/h. These are the speediest animals in their environments. Cheetahs are like super-fast sports cars of the animal world. They breathe super quick and their long tails help them turn around corners like race car drivers. They’re so fast that they can go from standing still to racing faster than most cars in just a few seconds! In the ocean, sailfish are the fastest swimmers. They look pretty special with their long, sword-like noses and big fins that look like sails. They can swim through water so fast and even jump out of it, making them really fun to watch. High up in the sky, peregrine falcons are the speediest. They have dark feathers on their heads, looking like they’re wearing racing helmets. When they dive, they go so fast that they can knock other birds out cold before catching them. So, where do humans stand in this super-fast animal world? Well, with a top speed of 25 km/h, we might end up in a tie with elephants—not exactly record-breaking! Good thing the actual Olympics are just for humans. 1．How fast can a cheetah run? A．25 km/h. B．110 km/h. C．120 km/h. D．320 km/h. 2．What makes the sailfish the fastest animal in the sea? A．Its ability to fly. B．Its dark feathers. C．Its long tail. D．Its large fins and sword-like nose. 3．What does the underlined word probably mean “helmets” in the text? A．刹车 B．头盔 C．方向盘 D．围巾 4．What is the structure of the passage?   (P：Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．The animal Olympic Games B．The animals that run faster than Olympic champions C．The most dangerous animals to humans D．The Fastest Animals on Land, in the Sea, and in the Air 6. 任务型阅读 阅读下面的短文，根据其内容填空。 Who is the greatest architect（建筑师）in the animal kingdom? The answer is the beaver（河狸）. Beavers are very good at building their homes. Beavers have large teeth. Their upper incisors（门牙）are about 20 to 25 mm long, according to Live Science. They continue to grow throughout a beaver’s lifetime. To keep their teeth sharp, beavers have to bite and break tree branches, which they also use to build their houses. Their houses look like domes（圆顶状物）. They usually build their houses in the middle of rivers, with just one underwater entrance. They also use branches, trees and mud to make dams（大坝）. The world’s largest beaver dam is 850 meters long and located at the edge of a lake in northern Alberta. Scientists used a satellite（卫星）to take a picture of it in 2007. They believe several generations（几代）of beavers have been working on this dam since the 1970s. Beavers’ dams can help to form wetlands, which can create a nice environment for other animals. They can also purify（净化） water by using their dams to stop some dirt from entering downstream areas. 1．Beaver is the greatest . 2．Beavers’ teeth continue until they die. 3．They have to bite and break tree branches their teeth sharp. 4．They make dams by using and mud. 5．Beavers’ dams are form wetlands and create a nice environment for other animals. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 部分精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · Grammar 部分还设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，有单项填空、翻译句子、语篇填空、补全对话、完形填空、阅读理解等丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握单元语法知识。 1、 单元语法解析 形容词与副词的最高级 当进行三者或三者以上事物比较时，可以用形容词或副词的最高级形式来表示。 1. 比较级的构成规则 (1) 一般在词尾加-est：tall--tallest；long--longest (2) 以不发音的e结尾，直接加-st：nice--nicest；huge--hugest (3) 重读闭音节的单词，当词尾只有一个辅音字母时，要先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-est：fat--fattest；big--biggest；hot--hottest (4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，将y改为i，再加-est：busy---busiest；heavy--heaviest 注意： dry的比较级为driest shy的比较级为shyest (5) 部分双音节词和多音节词在其前面加most构成比较级：beautiful--most beautiful；popular--most popular 注意： 以-y；-ly等后缀构成的双音节派生词和以形容词前缀un-开头的三音节词，末尾加-est构成比较级：friendly--friendliest；healthy--healthiest；unhappy--unhappiest；lovely--loveliest 以加-ing；-ed；-ful；-ous等后缀构成的派生词在单词前加most构成比较级：helpful--most helpful；tired--most tired；famous--most famous (6) 不规则变化： good/well--best；bad/badly/ill--worst；many/much--most；little--least；far--farthest/furthest；old--oldest/eldest 注意： oldest即可以修饰物，也可以修饰人；eldest只表示“年龄最老的”。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 写出下列单词的比较级和最高级形式 原型 比较级 最高级 原型 比较级 最高级 (1) large larger largest (2) well better best (3) heavy heavier heaviest (4) shy shyer shyest (5) bad worse worst (6) high higher highest (7) beautiful more beautiful most beautiful (8) hot hotter hottest (9) dangerous more dangerous more dangerous (10) friendly friendlier friendliest (11) slowly more slowly most slowly (12) far farther/further farthest/furthest (13) early earlier earliest (14) helpful more helpful most helpful 2. 最高级的具体用法 (1) the+最高级(+n.)+比较范围 比较范围通常为in/of/among...介词短语或从句。 He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班最高的男孩。 Safety is the most important of all. 安全是最重要的。 This is the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 (2) one of the +最高级+可数名词复数 此结构表示“...中最...的之一”。 The Amazon River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 亚马逊河是世界上最长的河之一。 Mount Taishan is one of the most popular tourist attractions in China. 泰山是中国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。 (3) Which/Who...+最高级，A,B or C / 比较范围? Which coat is the cheapest, the red one, the yellow one or the black one? 哪件外套最便宜，红色的、黄色的还是黑色的？ Who runs fastest in your class? 你们班谁跑得最快？ (4) the+序数词+最高级 Hainan Island is the second largest island in China. 海南岛是中国第二大岛。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —How is your new school, Tom? —It’s great! The teachers are friendly here, and the campus (校园) is ________ in the city. A．the most beautiful B．more beautiful C．beautiful D．the more beautiful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你的新学校怎么样？——非常好！这里的老师很友好，校园是城市中最美丽的。 考查形容词最高级。根据“in the city.”可知，此处表示“在整个城市范围内”进行比较，因此填最高级。故选A。 (2) —Of all the subjects, I think Chinese is ______. —I think so. A．interesting B．more interesting C．most interesting D．the most interesting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——在所有的科目中，我认为语文是最有趣的。——我认为是这样的。 考查形容词最高级。interesting有趣的，形容词原级；more interesting更有趣的，形容词比较级；most interesting最有趣的，形容词最高级；the most interesting最有趣的，定冠词+形容词最高级。根据“Of all the subjects”可知，此处使用形容词最高级，且最高级前用定冠词the修饰。故选D。 (3) The Yellow River is the ________ river in China. A．second long B．second longest C．second longer D．two longest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：黄河是中国第二长的河流。 考查形容词最高级用法。根据“The Yellow River is the...river in China”可知此处需用最高级，且“第二长”应使用“序数词+最高级”形式，故选B。 (4) Among all the vehicles (交通工具), the plane is ________ one these days. A．safe B．safer C．the safer D．the safest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在所有的交通工具中，如今飞机是最安全的一种。 考查形容词最高级的用法。safe安全的，形容词原级；safer更安全的，形容词比较级；the safer更安全的那个，表特指；the safest最安全的，最高级。句中“Among all the vehicles”表示在三者或三者以上的范围中进行比较，要用形容词的最高级形式，且最高级前一般要加定冠词“the”。故选D。 (5) The hotel is very old. It’s one of _______ in the city. A．the oldest building B．older buildings C．the oldest buildings D．old building 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个酒店非常古老，是城里最古老的建筑之一。 考查形容词最高级。old形容词原级；older形容词比较级；the oldest形容词最高级。one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词，表示“……中最……之一”，固定搭配。故选C。 (6) Skating is one of ________ sports in winter. Teenagers love to play in the snow. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．the least popular 【答案】C 【详解】句意：滑冰是冬季最受欢迎的运动之一。青少年喜欢在雪中玩耍。 考查形容词最高级的用法。popular受欢迎的；more popular更受欢迎的（比较级）；the most popular最受欢迎的（最高级）； the least popular最不受欢迎的（最高级）。根据“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”的固定结构，以及“青少年喜欢在雪上活动”体现出滑冰受青睐，可知要用“the most popular”来表示滑冰是冬季最受欢迎运动之一。故选C。 (7) The African elephant is the second ________ land animal in the world, just behind the Asian elephant. A．larger B．large C．the largest D．largest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：非洲象是世界上第二大的陆地动物，仅次于亚洲象。 考查形容词的最高级。larger更大的，比较级；large大的，原级；the largest最大的，最高级，前面有定冠词the修饰；largest最大的，最高级。根据“the second...land animal in the world”可知，此处指的是“第二大的”，要用形容词的最高级形式，句中second为序数词，因此最高级“largest”前不用加“the”。故选D。 (8) Tianshui, a new popular spot for Hot Pot, is ________city in Gansu Province. A．second largest B．second larger C．the second large D．the second largest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：天水，一个新兴的火锅热门地点，是甘肃省第二大城市。 考查形容词最高级的用法。根据语境可知，此处是在描述天水是甘肃省的第二大城市，所以应该用形容词的最高级形式，且序数词second前应加定冠词the。故选D。 (9) Who sings ________, Tom, Jack or Bill? A．more beautiful B．more beautifully C．the most beautifully D．the most beautiful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：谁唱得最好听，Tom, Jack还是Bill？ 考查副词最高级。beautiful美丽的，形容词；beautifully美丽地，副词。根据“Tom, Jack or Bill”可知，三个人比较用最高级形式，修饰动词sing用副词。故选C。 (10) —The app Douyin is a hit among the young people in China. —Yes. It’s one of _________ apps I’ve ever used. A．good B．better C．the best D．the worse 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 抖音应用在中国年轻人中很受欢迎。—— 是的。这是我用过的最好的应用之一。 考查最高级。good好的，原级；better更好的，比较级；the best最好的，最高级；the worse比较级。根据“one of the最高级+名词复数”可知此处填最高级，且由“The app Douyin is a hit among the young people in China.”可知抖音在中国年轻人中很受欢迎，应是最好的应用。故选C。 3. 比较级形式表示最高级含义 (1) 比较级+than+any+other+单数名词 比较级+than+the other+复数名词 这两个结构用于同一范围内的比较，表示“...比任何其他的...更...”，实际含义也就是前者是同一范围内最...的一个，表示最高级含义。 Mike is taller than any other boy in his class. 迈克比班上任何其他男孩都高。(迈克是班上最高的男孩) Asia is bigger than the other continents on the earth.亚洲是地球上最大的洲。 (2) 比较级+than+anything/anyone else Time is more valuable than anything else. 时间是最宝贵的。 (3) 否定词与比较级连用 No one is more careful than Tom. 没有人比Tom更认真了。(Tom是最认真的) I can’ agree with you more. 我完全同意你的看法。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Many actors are in My People, My Country. Who do you think act ________? —Of course Mr. Huang. We can’t find ________ one. A．better; a best B．a better; best C．best; a better D．a best; better 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——《我和我的祖国》里有许多演员。你认为谁演的最好？——当然是黄先生。我们找不到更好的了。 考查比较级和最高级。better更好，比较级；best最好，最高级。根据“Many actors are in My People, My Country. Who do you think act...”可知，第一句比较范围为三人以上，设空处应用最高级best，且最高级前不可加不定冠词a，排除A、B、D；第二句将黄渤与泛指的某一人进行比较，所以填写比较级a better。故选C。 (2) —Tom, why do so many people choose to visit Jiaochang road in Kunming in May? —Because they think the Jacaranda mimosifolia (蓝花楹) is ________ than any other flower. A．more beautiful B．beautiful C．most beautiful D．much beautiful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——汤姆，为什么五月份有这么多人选择去参观昆明的教场路？——因为他们认为蓝花楹比其他任何一种花都美丽。 考查形容词用法。more beautiful更美丽的，比较级；beautiful美丽的，原级；most beautiful最美丽的，最高级；much beautiful错误表达，much修饰比较级。根据“than any other flower”可知，此处将蓝花楹与其他的任何一种花进行比较，所以设空处选填比较级。故选A。 (3) —Do you know Shanghai is one of ________ cities in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than ________ city in China. A．the biggest; any other B．the biggest; any C．bigger; any other D．bigger; the other 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道上海是世界上最大的城市之一吗？——是的，它比中国的任何其他城市都大。 考查形容词最高级及比较级。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，第一空填the biggest，排除C和D；第二空用“比较级+than any other+名词”结构，表示“比其余任何一个……都……”，排除B。故选A。 (4) —What do you think of the talent show? —It’s excellent! I’ve never seen a ________ one than this. A．better B．the worst C．worse D．the best 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得这场才艺表演怎么样？——太好了！我从未看过比这更好的一场。 考查形容词比较级。better更好的；the worst最差的；worse更差的；the best最好的。根据“It’s excellent!”可知，觉得这场才艺表演很精彩，所以认为没有比这更好的一场，此处用比较级better与否定词never连用，表示“没有比……更好的”，相当于最高级。故选A。 (5) The pollution here couldn’t be ________. There was a heavy smoke with terrible smell. A．bad B．worse C．worst D．better 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这里的污染不可能更糟了。有一股浓烟并伴随着难闻的气味。 考查形容词比较级。bad糟糕的；worse更糟糕的；worst最糟糕的；better更好的。“couldn’t be + 比较级”意为“再……不过了，不可能更……”，根据“There was a heavy smoke with terrible smell.”可知，有浓烟和难闻的气味，说明污染很严重，也就是不可能更糟了，所以用worse，故选B。 (6) —What do you think of his drawing? —Oh, no one draws ________. A．good B．well C．better D．best 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得他的画怎么样？——噢，没有人画得比他好。 考查副词的比较级。good是形容词，修饰名词；well是副词原级，修饰动词；better是well的比较级，意思是“更好”；best是well的最高级，意思是“最好”。根据“Oh, no one draws”可知，是把其他所有人和他进行比较，应用比较级，否定词+比较级=最高级，故选C。 4. 使用最高级的注意事项 (1) 形容词最高级前的the一般不能省略；副词最高级前的the可以省略。 He is the cleverest student in our school. 他是我们学校最聪明的学生。 He run (the) fastest in our school. 他是我们学校跑的最快地。 (2) 形容词最高级前省略the的情况 · 表示“非常” It’s a most important problem. 这是个非常重要的问题。 · 形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰 These are her best shoes. 这是她最好的鞋子。 · 两个形容词最高级修饰同一个名词时，后一个最高级前的the通常省略 This is the biggest and newest room in our hotel. 这是我们旅馆最大最新的房间。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Andy! Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is ________ best film I have ever seen. —I can’t agree more. I have never seen ________ better one before. A．the; the B．/; the C．a; a D．the; a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——安迪！《哈利波特与火焰杯》是我看过的最好的电影。—— 我非常同意。我从来没见过比这更好的电影。 考查冠词。第一空空格后best为最高级，前面要加定冠词the；第二空根据句意可知此处是用“否定词＋a+比较级”表示最高级含义。故选D。 (2) —Why is Danny so popular with his classmates? —Because he can sing ________ in his class. A．more beautifully B．most beautifully C．more beautiful D．less beautifully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么丹尼在同学中如此受欢迎？——因为他能在班上唱得最好。 考查副词最高级。根据“in his class”可知，空处应使用副词最高级，修饰动词sing，beautifully的最高级为most beautifully。故选B。 (3) —I think the mobile phone is __________ of all. —I don’t agree with you. A．more useful B．the more useful C．most useful D．the most useful 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我认为手机最有用。——我不同意你的观点。根据of all可知该用最高级，而形容词的最高级前通常要用定冠词，所以选D。 (4) —Which is ________ season in your hometown? —I think it’s spring. Everything is so beautiful in the spring. A．nice B．nicer C．nicest D．the nicest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你家乡哪个季节最好？——我想是春天。在春天，一切都是那么美丽。 考查形容词最高级。nice好，形容词原级；nicer比较好的，形容词比较级；nicest最好的，形容词最高级；the nicest形容词最高级前加the。季节通常有四个，属于三者以上的比较，须用最高级，最高级前用定冠词the。故选D。 (5) Jim runs the ________ of the three. A．quickest B．more quickly C．quicker D．most quickly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Jim在三人中跑得最快。 考查副词的最高级。quickest是形容词的最高级，more quickly是副词的比较级，quicker是形容词的比较级，most quickly是副词的最高级。根据“of the three”可知，三者之间进行比较，需最高级，runs为动词，需副词修饰，故需用副词的最高级，故选D。 (6) —Lucy is one of ________ students in our class. She is very popular among us. —What a nice girl! Her parents must be proud of her. A．the friendliest B．most successful C．more outgoing D．calmer 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Lucy是我们班最友好的。她在我们中很受欢迎。——多么好的女孩啊！她的父母一定为她感到骄傲。 考查形容词最高级。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数+范围”表示“最……之一”，选项中A选项是形容词最高级，且前面有定冠词the。故选A。 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) Among all mountains in China, Mount Tai is not only ________ than any other mountains, but also ________, said by tourists around the world. A．higher; the most beautiful B．the highest; more beautiful C．high; the most beautiful D．higher; more beautiful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：世界各地的游客都说，在中国的所有山脉中，泰山不仅比其他任何山脉都高，而且是最美丽的。 考查形容词比较级和最高级。根据第一个空后的“than”可知，此处用比较形式；根据“Among all mountains in China”可知，第二个空含有最高级的含义，指在中国的所有山脉中，泰山是最美丽的。故选A。 (2) —Tony always arrives __________ among us. —Yes, he likes to be prepared for everything in advance. A．earlier B．later C．the earliest D．the latest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——托尼总是我们当中最早到达的。——是的，他喜欢提前做好一切准备。 考查副词最高级。earlier较早地；later较晚地；the earliest最早地；the latest最新的。根据“…among us”可知，此处指三者及三者以上的比较，应该用最高级，排除AB选项；再由“Yes, he likes to be prepared for everything in advance.”可知，此处说的是“最早到达的”，应该用the earliest。故选C。 (3) —What do you think of your cousin? —I think he is ________ of all the boys and girls here. A．funny B．funnier C．funniest D．the funniest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你觉得你的表弟怎么样？——我认为他是在这的所有男孩女孩们中最有趣的。 考查形容词最高级。funny有趣的，形容词原级；funnier更有趣的，形容词比较级；funniest最有趣的，形容词最高级；the funniest最有趣的，the+形容词最高级。根据“I think he is ... of all the boys and girls here.”可知，此处表示在所有男孩女孩们中进行对比，应用形容词的最高级，其结构为the+形容词最高级。故选D。 (4) —What do you think of the movie Ne Zha 2? —It’s fantastic and it’s one of ________ films during the Spring Festival. A．the most popular B．more popular C．less popular D．popular 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得电影《哪吒2》怎么样？——这部电影太棒了，是春节期间最受欢迎的电影之一。 考查形容词最高级。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句式“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”，A项符合。故选A。 (5) Dianchi Lake in Kunming is one of ________ freshwater lakes in China. A．large B．the largest C．larger D．largest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昆明的滇池是中国最大的淡水湖之一。 考查形容词最高级用法。large大的，形容词原级；the largest最高级；larger比较级；largest最高级。此处为“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数” 结构，表示“最……的之一”。故选B。 (6) —Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River? —The Yangtze River. It is the third ________ river in the world. A．longer; long B．longest; long C．longest; longer D．longer; longest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——长江和黄河哪条河更长？——长江。它是世界上第三长的河流。 考查形容词的比较级和最高级。根据“the Yangtze River or the Yellow River?”可知，第一空是比较两条河，填比较级longer；根据“It is the third…river in the world.”可知，此处应该填最高级longest。故选D。 (7) Paul loves animals, so he looks after Mary’s pet dog ________ of all her friends. A．more careful B．the most careful C．the most carefully D．more carefully 【答案】C 【详解】句意：保罗喜欢动物，因此在玛丽的所有朋友中，他照顾玛丽的宠物狗最细心。 考查副词最高级。careful是形容词，carefully是副词。空处修饰动词，应用副词，排除AB；根据“of all her friends”可知，三者及以上的比较用最高级。故选C。 (8) Before the sports meeting, Tom trained ________ than his teammates, but Jerry practised ________ of all, so Jerry won the championship at last. A．harder; hardest B．hard; harder C．more hard; most hardest D．hardest; harder 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在运动会之前，汤姆比他的队友更努力地训练，但杰里练得最刻苦，所以杰里最终赢得了冠军。 考查比较级和最高级。根据“than”可知，第一空填比较级harder，表示“比……更努力”；根据“of all”可知，第二空的比较范围是三者以上，因此填最高级，表示“最努力”。故选A。 (9) —Which clothes store is ________, Miller’s or Blue Moon? —Miller’s, of course. And you can buy clothes ________ there in town. A．the better; the most cheaply B．better; the cheapest C．better; most cheaply D．more good; cheapest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——哪家服装店更好，米勒还是蓝月？——当然是米勒服装店，并且你可以在那儿买到镇上最便宜的衣服。 考查比较级和最高级。第一句在两者中选择，因此需要用比较级，better意为“更好”，第二句在整个镇上做比较，因此应用最高级，此处还需修饰动词buy“买”，因此需用副词cheaply“便宜地”，最高级为(the) most cheaply，the可以省略。故选C。 (10) —Do you like eating sea food? —Of course. Nothing can be ________. A．delicious B．much delicious C．more delicious D．most delicious 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢吃海鲜吗？——当然。没有什么能比海鲜更美味了。 考查形容词比较级。delicious美味的，形容词原级；much delicious表达错误，much常用来修饰比较级；more delicious更美味的，形容词比较级；most delicious最美味的，形容词最高级。根据“Of course”可知说话人很喜欢吃海鲜，这里将其他食物和海鲜作比较，“否定词+比较级”相当于最高级，表达“海鲜是最美味的”，所以用比较级more delicious。故选C。 (11) —Who sings ________ of the three girls? —Mary. I think no one sings ________ beautifully than her. A．better; the most B．better; more C．the best; the most D．the best; more 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——三个女孩中谁唱得最好？——Mary。我认为没有人比她唱得更优美。 考查副词最高级用法。better更好地；the best最好地；more更多地；the most最多地。根据“of the three girls”可知，第一空用副词最高级，排除A与B；根据“I think no one sings...beautifully than her”可知，Mary是这三个女孩中唱得最好听的，“否定词+比较级”表最高级含义，故选D。 (12) —Education helps us make choices much more ________. —I couldn’t agree ________. My dream is to go to college. A．wisely; less B．wisely; more C．wise; less D．wise; more 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——教育帮助我们更明智地做出选择。——我完全同意。我的梦想是上大学。 考查形容词副词用法。wisely明智地；wise明智的；less更少；more更多。分析句子结构可知，第一个空应用副词形式，修饰“make choices”；根据“My dream is to go to college.”可知，第二个空所在句表示赞同，结合选项可知，B项符合。故选B。 (13) The film is one of ________ that I’ve ever seen. I almost fell asleep in the cinema. A．the most interesting B．the least interesting C．the most bored D．the least boring 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部电影是我看过的最不有趣的电影之一。我几乎在电影院睡着了。 考查形容词最高级的辨析。the most interesting最有趣的，修饰事物；the least interesting最无聊的，修饰事物；the most bored最无聊的，修饰人；the least boring最不无聊的，修饰事物。设空处修饰电影，可排除C项；且根据“I almost fell asleep in the cinema.”可知，快睡着了是因为电影无聊。故选B。 (14) —China is over 5000 years old. It’s one of ________ countries in the world. —Yes. It has much ________ history than the US. A．old; long B．the older; longer C．the oldest; the longest D．the oldest; longer 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——中国有5000多年的历史。它是世界上最古老的国家之一。——是的。它的历史比美国长得多。 考查最高级和比较级。第一个句子是结构one of the+最高级+名词复数“最……的……之一”；根据“than”可知空二处填比较级。故选D。 (15) China is almost as ________ as the US, and it is the ________ country in Asia. A．big; bigger B．big; biggest C．bigger; biggest D．big; big 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国几乎和美国一样大，是亚洲最大的国家。 考查形容词的用法。as...as中间用形容词或副词的原级；根据比较范围“in Asia”可知，第二空用最高级。故选B。 (16) —Mary looks so slim. —Yes. She eats the ________ meat and the ________ vegetables of us. A．least; most B．fewest; most C．most; fewest D．fewest; least 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——玛丽看起来很苗条。 ——是的。在我们当中，她吃肉最少，吃蔬菜最多。 考查形容词最高级辨析。least最少的，little的最高级；most最多的，many和much的最高级；fewest最少的，few的最高级。根据上文“slim”可知，玛丽很瘦。又因meat是不可数名词，只能用little和much修饰，此处表示吃“最少的肉”，因此第一空是least；第二空vegetable是可数名词，用few和many修饰，此处表示 “最多的蔬菜”，因此第二空是most。故选A。 2. 用所给词的适当形式填空，或填写适当的词使语法正确并且句意完整。 (1) The Mogao Caves are one of the (large) stone-carved art treasures in the world. 【答案】largest 【详解】句意：莫高窟是世界上最大的石雕艺术宝藏之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，为固定句型，所以空处用large的最高级largest。故填largest。 (2) The boy has the (little) milk of the three. 【答案】least 【详解】句意：这个男孩在三个人中拥有最少的牛奶。空处位于“milk of the three”前，填形容词最高级作定语。little“少的”，形容词，最高级为least。故填least。 (3) Who do you think is (funny), Mark, Claire, or Sue? 【答案】 the funniest 【详解】句意：你认为谁最有趣，马克、克莱尔还是苏？根据“Mark, Claire, or Sue”可知，三者之间进行比较，用形容词最高级，funny的最高级是funniest，形容词最高级前面加the。故填the funniest。 (4) I think roses are the (nice) of all the flowers. 【答案】nicest 【详解】句意：我认为玫瑰是所有花中最好看的。根据空前“the”和空后“of all the flowers”可知，此处是指所有花中最好看的，应用形容词nice的最高级形式nicest。故填nicest。 (5) I have the (few) books of the six students. 【答案】fewest 【详解】句意：在六个学生中，我的书最少。根据“I have the...books of the six students.”和提示词汇可知，六个人比较要用最高级的形式，“the+最高级+比较范围”表示“是……中最……的”，books为可数名词复数，其前需用形容词最高级修饰，fewest为few的最高级。故填fewest。 (6) I think he can jump (far) of us all and he will go abroad (在国外) for (far) study. 【答案】 farthest/furthest further 【详解】句意：我认为他在我们所有人中能跳得最远，并且，他将去国外进一步学习。根据“I think he can jump...of us all and he will go abroad (在国外) for...study.”可知，第一空强调距离上跳得最远，所以，farthest/furthest“最远地”都符合题意；第二空强调的是“进一步的学习”，只有further“进一步的”符合题意。故填farthest/furthest；further。 (7) Central Park is one of the (important) public parks in New York. 【答案】most important 【详解】句意：中央公园是纽约最重要的公共公园之一。one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……之一”，important重要的，形容词，最高级为most important“最重要的”，故填most important。 (8) Mount Huang is one of the (amazing) mountains in China. 【答案】most amazing 【详解】句意：黄山是中国最令人惊叹的山脉之一。one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数“最⋯⋯的⋯⋯之一”，此处应用amazing的最高级，故填most amazing。 (9) It is also one of the world’s (important) wetlands. 【答案】most important 【详解】句意：它也是世界上最重要的湿地之一。one of+the+最高级+名词复数“最……的……之一”，横线处用最高级。故填most important。 (10) The Spring Festival is one of the (hot) festivals in China. 【答案】hottest 【详解】句意：春节是中国最热闹的节日之一。“one of+ the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最⋯⋯的⋯⋯之一”。故填hottest。 (11) The (three) longest river in the world is the Yangtze River. 【答案】third 【详解】句意：世界第三长河是长江。three“三”，基数词。根据提示词和空前的The以及空后的最高级longest可知，此处应用“序数词+最高级”结构表示“第几最”，所以空处应填序数词third“第三”。故填third。 (12) Steve is the second (tall) student in our class. 【答案】tallest 【详解】句意：Steve是我们班里第二高的学生。根据“the second”和“in our class”可知此处应用形容词tall的最高级tallest修饰名词student。故填tallest。 (13) Of the three post offices, this one is the (close) to my house. 【答案】closest 【详解】句意：在这三个邮局中，这家离我家最近。根据“Of the three supermarkets”可知，三者之间的比较用最高级，close的最高级为closest“最近的”，故填closest。 (14) I think Jack writes (careful) of all the students. He seldom makes mistakes. 【答案】the most carefully 【详解】句意：我认为杰克在所有学生中书写最认真。他很少犯错。根据“He seldom makes mistakes.”可知书写认真，此空修饰动词writes，要用副词，careful“仔细的”是形容词，其对应的副词是carefully；“of all the students”表示在所有学生的范围内进行比较，这里要用最高级。故填the most carefully。 (15) I think she dances (good) in our class. 【答案】best 【详解】句意：我觉得她是我们班上跳舞跳得最好的。空格处修饰动词应用good的副词well，又根据“in our class”可知，此处应用well的最高级best。故填best。 (16) Who sings the (loudly), Susan, Betty or Karen? 【答案】most loudly 【详解】句意：谁唱得最响亮，苏珊、贝蒂还是凯伦？loudly“响亮地”，副词；根据比较范围“Susan, Betty or Karen”可知，空处需用最高级。故填most loudly。 (17) —What do you think of this kind of clay art? —Great! I have never seen a (beautiful) one. 【答案】more beautiful 【详解】句意：——你觉得这种泥塑艺术怎么样？——很好！这是我见过的最美的艺术了。根据“ I have never seen a...one”可知，这里表达我从没见过比这更美的艺术；“否定词+形容词比较级”表示最高级。故填more beautiful。 (18) Nobody is (clever) than Jane in our class. 【答案】cleverer 【详解】句意：在我们班上没有人比简更聪明。由句中“Nobody…than”可知，本句为比较级的否定表最高级，故用所给形容词clever“聪明的”的比较级，在句中作表语。故填cleverer。 (19) Lucy is (thin) than any other student in her class. 【答案】thinner 【详解】句意：露西比她班上任何一个学生都瘦。thin“瘦的”，根据“than”可知，应使用形容词比较级，故填thinner。 (20) According to Guinness World Records (世界吉尼斯纪录), Jeanne Louise Calment of France is the world’s woman, at 122 years 164 days. (old) 【答案】oldest 【详解】句意：根据吉尼斯世界纪录，法国的珍妮·路易丝·卡门特是世界上最老的女人，活了122岁164天。old老的，形容词，根据“According to Guinness World Records, Jeanne Louise Calment of France is the world’s…woman, at 122 years 164 days.”可知此处需要形容词最高级，old的最高级是oldest，故填oldest。 3. 翻译句子。 (1) 非洲象是最大的陆地动物。 【答案】The African elephant is the biggest land animal. (2) 这三个孩子当中，吉姆写作业最慢，但是犯错往往也最少。 【答案】Among the three children, Jim does his homework the most slowly, but he makes the fewest mistakes. (3) 我觉得胡萝卜是最健康的蔬菜之一。 【答案】I think the carrot is one of the healthiest/most healthy vegetables. (4) 长城是世界上最著名的地方之一。 【答案】The Great Wall is one of the most famous places in the world (5) 洞庭湖是中国第二大淡水湖。 【答案】Dongting Lake is the second-largest freshwater lake in China. (6) 你最喜欢哪项运动，游泳，跑步还是打篮球？ 【答案】Which sports do you like best, swimming, running or playing basketball? (7) 汤姆是我们班最有趣的男孩。(用两种结构翻译) 【答案】Tom is the most interesting boy in our class. Tom is more interesting than any other boy in our class. 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法选择 The giraffe has a very long neck and four long and thin legs. It is the tallest living animal on land. Its front legs are 1 than its back legs. An adult giraffe can be five meters tall. It can run very 2 —about 30 miles an hour. It is brown and yellow. Giraffes are from Africa. They can 3 up to 25 years in the wild. They do not like being alone and they live in groups of six or more. To find food, they travel over 4 large area and don’t have a fixed (固定的) home. They spend most of a day 5 . The leaves, flowers and fruit at the top of trees 6 their main food, and they also eat grass and plants. A mother giraffe is pregnant (怀孕的) 7 about 15 months and only has one baby. It gives birth while standing up. 8 a baby giraffe’s first experience in the world is to fall several meters from the ground! Within one hour of being born, the baby giraffe is on its feet searching for milk from 9 mother. The baby giraffe can weigh 60 kilos at birth and it stops growing when it is 10 years old. 1．A．long B．longer C．the longest 2．A．fast B．fastly C．faster 3．A．lived B．are living C．live 4．A．a B．an C．the 5．A．eat B．eating C．to eat 6．A．is B．are C．were 7．A．from B．by C．for 8．A．So B．But C．When 9．A．it B．it’s C．its 10．A．tenth B．ten C．the ten 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文介绍了长颈鹿的特征和生活习性。 1．句意：它的前腿比后腿长。 long长的，原级；longer更长的，比较级；the longest最长的，最高级。根据“than”可知，此处用比较级，表示前腿比后腿长。故选B。 2．句意：它能跑得非常快——大约每小时30英里。 fast快地，副词原级；fastly错误表达；faster更快地，比较级。根据“very”可知，very修饰副词，表示“非常快”，且此处并无比较含义，所以用原级fast即可。故选A。 3．句意：它们在野外可以活到25年。 lived居住，一般过去时；are living正在居住，现在进行时；live居住，一般现在时。根据“They can...up to 25 years in the wild.”可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，表示长颈鹿在野外的寿命情况。故选C。 4．句意：为了寻找食物，它们会穿越一大片区域，没有固定的家。 a一个，表泛指；用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the那个，表特指。根据“large area”可知，此处表示泛指，且large以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，表示“一大片区域”。故选A。 5．句意：它们一天中的大部分时间都在吃东西。 eat吃，动词原形；eating吃，动名词；to eat吃，动词不定式。根据“spend most of a day”可知，spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，所以此处用动名词eating作宾语。故选B。 6．句意：树顶上的叶子、花和果实是它们的主要食物，它们也吃草和植物。 is是，主语为第三人称单数；are是，主语为复数或第二人称；were是，are的过去式。根据“The leaves, flowers and fruit”可知，主语为复数，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。 7．句意：一只母长颈鹿怀孕大约15个月，只生一个宝宝。 from来自；by通过；for为了，持续。根据“about 15 months”可知，此处表示持续一段时间，用介词for，表示母长颈鹿怀孕的时长。故选C。 8．句意：所以一只小长颈鹿在世界上第一次经历就是从几米高的地方掉下来！ So所以；But但是；When当……时候。根据“It gives birth while standing up.”和“a baby giraffe’s first experience in the world is to fall several meters from the ground!”可知，前后句为因果关系，前因后果，用连词so连接。故选A。 9．句意：出生后一小时内，小长颈鹿就站起来寻找它妈妈的奶。 it它，主格或宾格；it’s它是；its它的，形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词。根据“mother”可知，此处修饰名词mother，用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的妈妈”。故选C。 10．句意：小长颈鹿出生时可以重达60公斤，当它10岁时就停止生长了。 tenth第十，序数词；ten十，基数词；the ten错误表达。根据“years old”可知，此处表示年龄，用基数词ten，表示“10岁”。故选B。 2. 完形填空 Octopuses (章鱼) are smart sea animals. They have special ways to keep themselves 1 . Since they don’t have teeth or claws (爪子), they have learned clever ways to escape from danger, One way is 2 . Octopuses often hide in the sand at the bottom of the sea. Because their bodies are very 3 , they can get into small spaces between rocks to stay safe. Another way is changing colour. Octopuses can change the colour of their skin to look like the sand or rocks around them. This colour change 4 them to stay hidden from other animals. Octopuses can also shoot dark 5 into the water. The ink makes a cloud that confuses (迷惑) other animals, giving the octopus time to swim away. It’s like a magic 6 ! It can also make itself look like a sea snake by hiding its body in the sand and sticking out two arms. The arms will change colour to look like a snake and 7 the enemy away. And if there’s no time to hide, the octopus can 8 one of its arms! The arm will keep moving to distract (迷惑) the enemy while the octopus swims away. Don’t 9 —the arm will grow back later! Octopuses are truly amazing animals with 10 ways to stay safe! 1．A．warm B．happy C．safe D．healthy 2．A．swimming B．jumping C．fighting D．hiding 3．A．long B．thick C．soft D．hard 4．A．stops B．helps C．warns D．forces 5．A．ink B．light C．sound D．wind 6．A．trick B．reply C．clock D．day 7．A．give B．take C．put D．scare 8．A．break off B．raise up C．show off D．fix up 9．A．count B．accept C．worry D．push 10．A．dangerous B．stupid C．clever D．honest 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了章鱼通过多种聪明的方式（如隐藏、变色、喷墨、断腕等）来保护自身安全。 1．句意：它们有特殊的方式来保持自身安全。 warm温暖的；happy开心的；safe安全的；healthy健康的。根据“they have learned clever ways to escape from danger”可知，章鱼需要保持安全，故选C。 2．句意：一种方式是隐藏。 swimming游泳；jumping跳跃；fighting战斗；hiding隐藏。根据“Octopuses often hide in the sand”可知，章鱼会藏在沙子里，故选D。 3．句意：因为它们的身体非常柔软。 long长的；thick厚的；soft柔软的；hard坚硬的。根据“they can get into small spaces between rocks”可知，章鱼身体柔软才能钻进岩石缝隙，故选C。 4．句意：这种颜色变化帮助它们隐藏在其他动物视线外。 stops阻止；helps帮助；warns警告；forces强迫。根据“stay hidden from other animals”可知，变色是为了辅助隐藏，故选B。 5．句意：章鱼还能向水中喷射黑色墨汁。 ink墨汁；light光；sound声音；wind风。根据后文“The ink makes a cloud”可知是喷墨，故选A。 6．句意：这就像一个魔术戏法！ trick戏法；reply回复；clock时钟；day白天。根据“confuses other animals”可知喷墨是迷惑敌人的“把戏”，故选A。 7．句意：触手会变色伪装成蛇，吓跑敌人。 give给；take拿；put放；scare吓唬。根据“the enemy away”可知是驱赶敌人，故选D。 8．句意：并且如果没有时间躲藏，章鱼可以断掉一只触手。 break off折断；raise up举起；show off炫耀；fix up修理。根据“The arm will keep moving”可知是主动断肢，故选A。 9．句意：别担心——触手之后会再长出来！ count数数；accept接受；worry担心；push推。根据“the arm will grow back later”可知是安慰不要忧虑，故选C。 10．句意：章鱼确实是有惊人聪明方式的动物。 dangerous危险的；stupid愚蠢的；clever聪明的；honest诚实的。全文强调章鱼保护自己的“聪明”方法，故选C。 3. 语法填空 A Giraffes are the world’s tallest land animal. At birth, a baby giraffe is about 1.8 metres tall and weighs about 68 kilograms. A giraffe’s tongue (舌头) is usually black, blue 1 purple. It can be about 50 cm long. That means the animal can use its tongue 2 (get) food high in the tree. Healthy giraffes can live about 25 years in the wild. In the zoo, they can live 28 years or longer. Giraffes often live in groups of 10 to 20. A group of giraffes is called a “tower”. Giraffes’ groups can change every day, even from hour 3 hour. A “tower” of giraffes you see today might not be the same one you see tomorrow. It’s amazing, isn’t it? Living in groups offers many 4 (advantage) to giraffes. It helps giraffes share information about food and water and provides 5 (safe) in numbers in a “tower”. Giraffes play 6 important role in nature. But now they are in trouble. The number of giraffes is getting smaller. People 7 (hunt) giraffes for a long time for their meat, coats and tails. Habitat loss (栖息地丧失) is 8 (big) problem among the ones they face now. Giraffes are 9 (true) special animals. Learning about the problems they face helps us protect them. By sharing these wonderful facts, we can help do something to make sure giraffes and 10 (they) homes are safe for the future. 【答案】 9．or/and 2．to get 3．to 4．advantages 5．safety 6．an 7．have hunted 8．the biggest 9．truly 10．their 【导语】本文主要介绍了长颈鹿的生理特征、生活习性以及它们面临的生存威胁。 1．句意：长颈鹿的舌头通常是黑色、蓝色或/和紫色的。根据“A giraffe’s tongue (舌头) is usually black, blue…purple.”的语境可知，此处表示选择或并列的关系，or“或者”/and“和”符合。故填or/and。 2．句意：这意味着这种动物可以用舌头在树的高处觅食。use sth. to do sth.“用某物做某事”，是固定搭配。故填to get。 3．句意：长颈鹿的群体每天甚至每小时都可能变化。from…to…“从……到……”，是固定搭配。故填to。 4．句意：群居给长颈鹿带来许多优势。根据空前的“many”可知，此处用复数形式advantages。故填advantages。 5．句意：它帮助长颈鹿分享食物和水的信息，并在“群体”中提供数量上的安全。分析句子结构可知，此处用名词形式，作宾语，safety“安全”符合。故填safety。 6．句意：长颈鹿在自然界中扮演重要角色。play an important role in…“在……中扮演重要角色”，是固定搭配。故填an。 7．句意：人们长期以来猎杀长颈鹿以获取它们的肉、皮毛和尾巴。根据“for a long time”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，主语为复数，助动词使用have。故填have hunted。 8．句意：栖息地丧失是它们现在面临的最大问题。根据“among the ones”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，用最高级形式biggest，最高级前用定冠词the修饰。故填the biggest。 9．句意：长颈鹿是非常特别的动物。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词形式，修饰形容词“special”，应填truly“真正地”。故填truly。 10．句意：通过分享这些奇妙的事实，我们可以帮助做一些事情，以确保长颈鹿和它们的家园在未来是安全的。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词their“它们的”，修饰名词“homes”。故填their。 B Hummingbirds are beautiful birds. These amazing birds live in North and South America. Many of 1 (they) are quite tiny. Actually, they are 2 (small) birds in the world, some are only six centimeters long. However, they are famous 3 flying fast. They can fly up to 48 kilometers 4 hour! Hummingbirds move their wings very fast. They can fly straight up or hover (盘旋), just like helicopters (直升机). These little birds can also fly backward! Do you know 5 they are called hummingbirds? Because when they fly, their wings make a humming sound. Their wings hum because they beat so fast, many times every second. And that 6 (take) a lot of energy. So they’re always busy looking for food. Hummingbirds have no sense of smell , but they can see 7 (real) well. They like 8 (color) flowers. They always fly around flowers 9 (look) for food. They just need food so much that they have to eat every 10-15 110 (minute)! Actually, they can eat half their weight in sugar every day. 【答案】 1．them 2．the smallest 3．for 4．an/per 5．why 6．takes 7．really 8．colorful 9．to look 10．minutes 【导语】本文主要介绍了蜂鸟的名字，体型，飞行距离等相关信息。 1．句意：它们中许多是非常小的。根据文中“Many of…are quite tiny.”可知，of是介词，后面需用人称代词的宾格形式。故填them。 2．句意：事实上，它们是世界上最小的鸟。根据文中“Actually, they are…birds in the world, some are only six centimeters long.”可知，它们是最小的鸟。small“小的”，其形容词最高级形式“smallest”符合语境，且形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。故填the smallest。 3．句意：然而，它们以飞得快而出名。根据文中“However, they are famous…flying fast. ”可知，空处为固定短语be famous for“因……而出名”。故填for。 4．句意：它们每小时可以飞48千米。根据文中“They can fly up to 48 kilometers…hour! Hummingbirds move their wings very fast. ”可知，此处表达为每个小时，hour是以元音音素开头的单词，表泛指需用不定冠词an。也可用per“每个”来修饰。故填an/per。 5．句意：你知道它们为什么叫蜂鸟吗？根据文中“Because when they fly, their wings make a humming sound. ”可知，解释蜂鸟名字的由来，空处应指why“为什么”。故填why。 6．句意：这花费很多能量。根据文中“And that…a lot of energy.”可知，陈述事实应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填takes。 7．句意：蜂鸟没有嗅觉，但它们视力非常好。根据文中“they can see…well”可知，此处用副词修饰副词well。故填really。 8．句意：它们喜欢五颜六色的花。根据文中“They like…flowers. ”可知，此处用形容词修饰名词flowers。故填colorful。 9．句意：它们总是在花丛中飞来飞去以寻找寻找食物。根据文中“They always fly around flowers…for food. ”可知，此处用不定式表示目的。故填to look。 10．句意：它们只是太需要食物了，以至于每隔10-15分钟就要吃一次。根据文中“They just need food so much that they have to eat every 10-15…”中的“10-15”可知，此处用名词复数。故填minutes。 4. 补全语篇 The chrysanthemum (菊花) is a very popular flower in China. The beautiful flower has many meanings in Chinese culture. The chrysanthemum is known as one of the “Four Gentlemen in Plants”. The other three are the plum blossom, the orchid, and bamboo. 1 The chrysanthemum comes out in bright colors during cold autumn days, when most flowers die. They are beautiful, strong and tough. So the flower greatly inspired (激励) Chinese poets. They used it to represent (代表) themselves in their works. 2 He once wrote a poem about living as a hermit (隐士). He showed how he loved the chrysanthemum and used it to show his spirits in the poem. “I pluck chrysanthemums under the eastern fence (篱笆). Carefree, I catch the sight of Southern Mountain,” Tao wrote in his poem. 3 But chrysanthemums are not only found in Chinese poems. 4 The Chongyang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month in the lunar calendar (阴历). On that day, drinking wine (酒) made from chrysanthemums is a popular tradition. Chrysanthemum tea is also usually seen on Chinese dinner tables. 5 In a word, the chrysanthemum has brought great influence to people’s life. A．They are also part of Chinese food. B．From then on, the chrysanthemum has become the symbol of the hermit. C．In the past, all of them stood for noble qualities (高尚的品质). D．Tao Yuanming was a famous poet. E．It is tasty and people believe it is good for their health. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文介绍菊花在中国文化中的意义。文中介绍作为“四君子”之一的菊花在诗歌中的象征、以及与传统节日和饮食的关系。 1．根据上文“The chrysanthemum is known as one of the ‘Four Gentlemen in Plants’. The other three are the plum blossom, the orchid, and bamboo.” 介绍“四君子”；可知选项C “在过去，它们都代表着高尚的品质。”符合语境，介绍它们共同代表高尚品质。故选C。 2．根据下文“He once wrote a poem about living as a hermit”他曾经写过一首关于隐居生活的诗；可知选项D “陶渊明是一位著名的诗人。”符合语境，介绍诗人的身份。故选D。 3．根据“I pluck chrysanthemums under the eastern fence. Carefree, I catch the sight of Southern Mountain,”采菊东篱下，悠然见南山；可知选项B “从那时起，菊花就成了隐士的象征。”符合语境，说明菊花象征隐士的起源。故选B。 4．根据下文“…On that day, drinking wine made from chrysanthemums is a popular tradition”在重阳节那天，喝菊花酒是一种流行的传统；可知选项A “它们也是中国菜的一部分。”符合语境，过渡到中国食物部分。故选A。 5．根据上文“Chrysanthemum tea is also usually seen on Chinese dinner tables.” 菊花茶也经常出现在中国餐桌上；可知选项E“它很好喝，人们相信它对健康有好处。”符合语境，说明其益处。故选E。 5. 阅读理解 A ①The fastest growing plant in the world is bamboo. Some bamboo grows so quickly that people say they can watch it grow. The speed of growth depends on the type of bamboo, the soil and the season. Normal bamboo grows about 30cm a day. It usually grows in tropical areas (热带地区). It can also be found in other parts of the world. Bamboo plants are found in Asia, parts of Africa and South America. ②Bamboo is a wonderful plant for many people around the world. There are over 1, 000 uses for it. People make tables, clothes, and it is also edible (可食用的). ③________ People use it because it’s very strong. They use it to build houses, boats and bridges. The Chinese made a bamboo bridge over the Min River in Sichuan, China almost 1,000 years ago. Bamboo is used to build houses especially in China and the Philippines. ④Bamboo is the earliest material used to make the light bulb. The great scientist Thomas Edison did not invent the light bulb, but he made it perfect. He wanted the material inside to burn for a long period of time. He tried over 1,000 different types of materials. None worked very well. One day, he tried to use a piece of bamboo and the light bulb lit up for over a thousand hours. This invention helped other scientists to make the modern light bulb we use today. 1．What can we know from the passage? A．Bamboo can’t be eaten. B．Bamboo was used in building 1,000 years ago. C．Bamboo is stronger than other materials. D．Bamboo was the earliest material. 2．Which sentence can be put in the “________”? A．The lovely pandas often feed on bamboo. B．People planted bamboo hundreds of years ago. C．One of the world’s oldest building materials is bamboo. D．Bamboo that grows in tropical forests is usually tall and large. 3．What is the purpose of writing the passage? A．To let readers know the importance of bamboo. B．To learn how to build a house with bamboo. C．To learn how to protect bamboo. D．To know how to plant bamboo. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．All types of bamboo grow 30cm a day. B．Bamboo can only be found in tropical areas. C．The Chinese built a bamboo bridge over the Min River about 1,000 years ago. D．Thomas Edison invented the light bulb with the bamboo material. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A．B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了竹子这一植物，包括其生长情况、用途等。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Chinese made a bamboo bridge over the Min River in Sichuan, China almost 1,000 years ago.”可知, 一千年前，竹子就被用于建筑。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“They use it to build houses, boats and bridges. The Chinese made a bamboo bridge over the Min River in Sichuan, China almost 1,000 years ago.”可知，本段主要讲的是竹子被用于建筑行业，是一种建筑材料，且中国人在1000年前就使用竹子造桥。选项C“竹子是世界上最古老的建筑材料之一。”符合语境。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了竹子的多种用途，因此其目的是让人们了解竹子的重要性。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“The Chinese made a bamboo bridge over the Min River in Sichuan, China almost 1,000 years ago.”可知，中国人在大约1000年前就在四川的岷江上建了一座竹桥。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。第一段介绍竹子的生长情况；第二段介绍竹子的多种用途；第三段和第四段分别介绍了竹子不同的具体用途。故选A。 B Imagine if animals could join the Olympic Games! They’d need three different gold medals for the champions (冠军) of speed on land, in the sea, and in the sky. On ground, the cheetah would race past everyone, a sailfish would swim to victory at 110 km/h. And up in the air, a peregrine falcon (游隼) would fly down at an amazing speed of 320 km/h. These are the speediest animals in their environments. Cheetahs are like super-fast sports cars of the animal world. They breathe super quick and their long tails help them turn around corners like race car drivers. They’re so fast that they can go from standing still to racing faster than most cars in just a few seconds! In the ocean, sailfish are the fastest swimmers. They look pretty special with their long, sword-like noses and big fins that look like sails. They can swim through water so fast and even jump out of it, making them really fun to watch. High up in the sky, peregrine falcons are the speediest. They have dark feathers on their heads, looking like they’re wearing racing helmets. When they dive, they go so fast that they can knock other birds out cold before catching them. So, where do humans stand in this super-fast animal world? Well, with a top speed of 25 km/h, we might end up in a tie with elephants—not exactly record-breaking! Good thing the actual Olympics are just for humans. 1．How fast can a cheetah run? A．25 km/h. B．110 km/h. C．120 km/h. D．320 km/h. 2．What makes the sailfish the fastest animal in the sea? A．Its ability to fly. B．Its dark feathers. C．Its long tail. D．Its large fins and sword-like nose. 3．What does the underlined word probably mean “helmets” in the text? A．刹车 B．头盔 C．方向盘 D．围巾 4．What is the structure of the passage?   (P：Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．The animal Olympic Games B．The animals that run faster than Olympic champions C．The most dangerous animals to humans D．The Fastest Animals on Land, in the Sea, and in the Air 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了陆地上、海洋中和天空中速度最快的动物，分别是猎豹、旗鱼和游隼，并对比了人类的速度。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第1段“...a sailfish would swim to victory at 110 km/h”和第2段“They’re so fast that they can go from standing still to racing faster than most cars in just a few seconds!”可知，猎豹的速度比旗鱼更快，而旗鱼的速度是110 km/h，因此猎豹的速度应超过110 km/h。选项C（120 km/h）符合这一描述。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“They look pretty special with their long, sword-like noses and big fins that look like sails.”可知，旗鱼之所以是海洋中最快的动物，是因为它们有像剑一样的长鼻子和像帆一样的大鳍。选项D（Its large fins and sword-like nose）符合这一描述。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第4段“They have dark feathers on their heads helmets.”可知，游隼头部的深色羽毛被比喻为“helmets”，即“头盔”。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。文章的结构是：第1段引入主题，第2段介绍陆地上最快的动物猎豹，第3段介绍海洋中最快的动物旗鱼，第4段介绍天空中速度最快的动物游隼，第5段总结对比人类的速度。因此，文章的结构是总分总，选项C的图示符合这一结构。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了陆地上、海洋中和天空中速度最快的动物，分别是猎豹、旗鱼和游隼。选项D（The Fastest Animals on Land, in the Sea, and in the Air）最能概括文章的主题。故选D。 6. 任务型阅读 阅读下面的短文，根据其内容填空。 Who is the greatest architect（建筑师）in the animal kingdom? The answer is the beaver（河狸）. Beavers are very good at building their homes. Beavers have large teeth. Their upper incisors（门牙）are about 20 to 25 mm long, according to Live Science. They continue to grow throughout a beaver’s lifetime. To keep their teeth sharp, beavers have to bite and break tree branches, which they also use to build their houses. Their houses look like domes（圆顶状物）. They usually build their houses in the middle of rivers, with just one underwater entrance. They also use branches, trees and mud to make dams（大坝）. The world’s largest beaver dam is 850 meters long and located at the edge of a lake in northern Alberta. Scientists used a satellite（卫星）to take a picture of it in 2007. They believe several generations（几代）of beavers have been working on this dam since the 1970s. Beavers’ dams can help to form wetlands, which can create a nice environment for other animals. They can also purify（净化） water by using their dams to stop some dirt from entering downstream areas. 1．Beaver is the greatest . 2．Beavers’ teeth continue until they die. 3．They have to bite and break tree branches their teeth sharp. 4．They make dams by using and mud. 5．Beavers’ dams are form wetlands and create a nice environment for other animals. 【答案】 1．architect in the animal kingdom 2．to grow 3．to keep 4．branches, tress 5．helpful to 【导语】本文介绍了河狸的建筑能力。河狸的门牙可以终生生长，它们用牙齿咬断树枝来建造家园，房屋像一个圆顶状物，建在河流中央，只有一个水下入口。河狸建造的大坝可以帮助形成湿地，为其他动物创造良好的环境，同时也可以净化水体。 1．根据“Who is the greatest architect（建筑师）in the animal kingdom? The answer is the beaver（河狸）.”可知，河狸是动物王国中最伟大的建筑师。故填architect in the animal kingdom。 2．根据“They continue to grow throughout a beaver’s lifetime.”可知，河狸的牙齿会一直生长，直到死亡。故填to grow。 3．根据“To keep their teeth sharp, beavers have to bite and break tree branches”可知，河狸咬并折断树枝是为了保持牙齿锋利。故填to keep。 4．根据“They also use branches, trees and mud to make dams（大坝）.”可知，河狸还用树枝、树木和泥土建造水坝。故填branches, tress。 5．根据“Beavers’ dams can help to form wetlands, which can create a nice environment for other animals.”可知，河狸的水坝可以帮助形成湿地，为其他动物创造一个良好的环境。此处应该用形容词作表语，be helpful to“对……有帮助”。故填helpful to。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$