内容正文:
Unit 4 Then and now
专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练
句型、语法
语法提升
高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨
易错精讲
一般过去式情态动词could的用法高频易错点01
could 是情态动词,它是 can 的过去式,用法同 can,表示过去的状态。
注意:无论是 can 还是 could,后面均接动词原形。
1. 陈述句:使用方法同 can,could 放在主语之后。
句型结构:主语 + could + 动词原形 + 其它, 如:
Five years ago, I could read and write. 五年前,我会阅读和写字。
Six years ago, I could ride a bike. 六年前,我会骑车。
2. 否定句:含有 could 的句子改为否定句时,使用方法同 can,只要在 could 后加 not 即可。
否定形式:cannot = can’t, could not = couldn’t
句型结构:主语 + couldn’t + 动词原形 + 其她, 如:
Five years ago, I couldn’t read or write. 五年前,我不会阅读和写字。
Six years ago, I couldn’t ride a bike. 六年前,我不会骑车。
3. 一般疑问句:使用方法同 can,将 could 提至句首。
句型结构:Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + could. 否定回答:No, 主语 + couldn’t. 如:
Could you write emails twelve years ago? 十二年前你会写电子邮件吗?
Could Jack make a toy car two years ago? 杰克两年前会做玩具汽车吗?
4. could 引导的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + could 引导的一般问句?如:
They could ride a bike last year.(对划线部分提问)
What could they do last year? 去年他们会干什么?
易错点提示
1.can和could没有人称和数的变化,其后都要接动词原形。即can/could + 动词原形
2.could也可以表示委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法,此时可以与can互换使用,但could
的语气较can委婉,两者没有时态上的区别。
小练笔
单项选择
1. —______ you draw pictures two years ago? —Yes, I ______.
A. Can; can B. Could; could C. Could; can
2. He ______ speak English well when he was ten.
A. can B. could C. couldn’t to
3. —Could you help me? —______
A. Yes, I could. B. No, I couldn’t. C. Sure, I can.
4. They ______ play football five years ago. Now they ______ play it very well.
A. could; can B. can; could C. couldn’t; can’t
5. —What ______ she ______ yesterday? —She could dance.
A. can; do B. could; do C. could; did
1.答案:B,“two years ago”(两年前 )是过去时间,要用 could(can 的过去式 ),一般疑问句用 could 开头,回答也用 could ,选B。
2.答案:B,“when he was ten”(他十岁时 )是过去时间,用 could ,“couldn’t to”表述错误,couldn’t 后接动词原形,选B。
3.答案:C,“Could you... ”表委婉请求,回答常用 “Sure, I can. ” ,A、B 是对过去能力的回答,不符合语境,选C。
4.答案:A,“five years ago”(五年前 )用 could ;“Now”(现在 )用 can ,选A。
5.答案:B,“yesterday”(昨天 )用 could ,could 后接动词原形 do ,选B。
点
拨
一般现在时的用法高频易错点02
一般现在时的定义
1.表示经常性、习惯性动作:比如每天上学、每周打篮球等。
I go to school every day. 我每天去上学。
2.表示现在的状态:描述人或事物当前的特征、状态等。
She is very happy. 她很开心。
3.表示客观事实、普遍真理:这些情况不受时间限制,永远是正确的。
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的时间标志
1. 频度副词:always(总是),usually(通常),often(经常),sometimes(有时)
seldom(很少),never(从不)
2. every 构成的短语:every day(每天),every week(每周),every month(每月)
一般现在时的“三单形式”
当句子的主语是第三人称单数(he他,she她,it它,单独的人名、地名、单数可数名词等 )时,
谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,简称“三单形式” 。
动词变为三单形式的规则如下:
1.在动词原形后直接加 s 。如:work - works,play - plays;
2.以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的动词:在词尾加 es 。例如:watch - watches,box - boxes;
3.以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词:先把 y 变为 i ,再加 es 。如:study - studies
4. 特殊情况:have 的三单形式是 has 。
一般现在时的句型结构
肯定句: 主语 + 动词原形/动词三单形式 + 其他
主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + 其他
否定句:主语 + don't/doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + be动词 + not + 其他
一般疑问句: Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
Be + 主语 + 其它?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 其他?
易错点提示
(1)关于be动词和助动词的使用区别
助动词(do/does/did)主要功能是辅助行为动词,构建疑问、否定句式 。简言之:存在行
为动词时,常用助动词;无行为动词,用be动词。
Is he at home now?(句子中没有行为动词 )
Does he play football well?(句中有行为动词 )
小练笔
单项选择
( ) 1.My father ______ to work by car every day.
A. go B. goes C. went
( ) 2. ______ your parents often read books?
A. Do B. Does C. Are
( ) 3.The sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rises C. rose
( ) 4.I ______ up at 6:30 every morning.
A. get B. gets C. got
( ) 5.—______ she ______ English? —Yes, she does.
A. Do; like B. Does; like C. Does; likes
根据汉语意思完成句子
6.我们每天都做家庭作业。
We ______ ______ homework every day.
7.他不喜欢打篮球。
He ______ ______ playing basketball.
点
拨
1. 答案:B,“every day”(每天 )表明是一般现在时,主语“My father”是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,“go”的第三人称单数是“goes” 。
2. 答案:A,主语“your parents”是复数,句子有实义动词“read”,一般疑问句借助助动词“Do” 。
3. 答案:B,“太阳从东方升起”是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语“The sun”是第三人称单数,“rise”的第三人称单数是“rises” 。
4. 答案:A,“every morning”(每天早上 )是一般现在时标志,主语“I”是第一人称,谓语动词用原形“get” 。
5. 答案:B,主语“she”是第三人称单数,一般疑问句借助助动词“Does”,
6. 答案:do; our,“每天”是一般现在时,主语“We”是复数,谓语动词用“do”;“我们的”是“our” ,“do one's homework”(做家庭作业 )是固定搭配。
7. 答案:doesn't; like,主语“He”是第三人称单数,否定句借助助动词“doesn't”,助动词后动词用原形“like” 。
一般过去时的用法高频易错点03
定义
表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 ,常描述过去的经历、事件等,强调动作或状态是在过去出现和存在的。
I went to the park yesterday. 我昨天去公园了
时间标志
1.yesterday昨天,yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 昨天上午/下午/晚上
2.last + 时间,last week上周,last month上个月
3.时间 + ago,two days ago两天前,three years ago三年前
4.in + 过去年份, in 2020 在2020年
5.Just now 刚才
动词过去式的规则变化
1. 一般情况:在动词原形末尾加 ed look → looked
2. 以不发音的 e 结尾:直接加 d live → lived
3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾:把 y 变为 i ,再加 ed study → studied
4. 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加 ed 。 stop → stopped
动词过去式的不规则变化
become → became bring → brought can → could
fly → flew go → went see → saw
take → took catch → caught do → did
eat → ate get → got can → could
get → got do → did go → went
eat → ate see → saw fly → flew
take → took read → read
一般过去时be 动词(was/were)的句型
1. 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他 。
2. 否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 其他 。
3. 一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 其他 ?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were. ;
否定回答:No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. 。
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他 ?
一般过去时助动词(did)的句型(实义动词作谓语时)
1. 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 。
2. 否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 。
3. 一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 ?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. ;
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn't. 。
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 ?
易错点提示
特殊疑问句的句型结构:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
(1)含行为动词:
特殊疑问词+ did+主语+动词原形+其他?
—What did you do last night?
—I read books at home.
(2)含be动词:
特殊疑问词(组)+ was/ were +主语+其他?
How was your summer holiday?
小练笔
单项选择
1.I ______ to the zoo with my parents last week.
A. go B. went C. goes
2.—______ he watch TV yesterday evening? —No, he ______.
A. Did; didn't B. Do; don't C. Does; doesn't
3.They ______ happy after they heard the news.
A. are B. were C. was
4.My brother ______ a storybook two days ago.
A. reads B. read C. reading
5.There ______ a lot of people in the park yesterday.
A. is B. are C. were
根据汉语意思完成句子
6.昨天我做了作业。
I ______ my homework yesterday.
7.她上周末没去看望奶奶。
She ______ ______ her grandma last weekend.
8.他们去年在上海。
They ______ in Shanghai last year.
点
拨
1. 答案:B,“last week”(上周 )是过去时间,谓语动词用一般过去式,“go”的过去式是“went” 。
2. 答案:A,“yesterday evening”(昨天晚上 )是过去时间,一般疑问句用助动词“Did”开头,否定回答用“didn't” 。
3. 答案:B,“heard”(hear 的过去式 )表明是过去情况,主语“They”是复数,be 动词用“were” 。
4. 答案:B,“two days ago”(两天前 )是过去时间,“read”的过去式还是“read” 。
5. 答案:C,“yesterday”(昨天 )是过去时间,“a lot of people”是复数,there be 句型中 be 动词用“were” 。
6. 答案:did,“昨天”是过去时间,“做作业”是“do homework”,“do”的过去式是“did” 。
7. 答案:didn't visit,“上周末”是过去时间,否定句用“didn't + 动词原形”,“看望”是“visit” 。
8. 答案:were,“去年”是过去时间,主语“They”是复数,be 动词用“were” 。
综合训练
一、写出下列单词的过去式、三单形式和现在分词
三单形式 过去时 现在分词
have ________ ________ ________
can ________ ________ ________
get ________ ________ ________
see ________ ________ ________
go ________ ________ ________
eat ________ ________ ________
buy ________ ________ ________
take ________ ________ ________
bring ________ ________ ________
fly ________ ________ ________
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.My grandfather ______ (tell) us a story about his childhood yesterday.
2.They ______ (not play) football last Sunday.
3.______ (do) you ______ (watch) TV last night?
4.She ______ (read) an interesting book two days ago.
5.I ______ (be) at home yesterday evening.
6.The children ______ (fly) kites in the park last week.
三、按要求完成句子
1.He went to the park yesterday.(改为否定句)
__________________________________________
2.They saw a film last night.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定回答)
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
3.She did her homework after school.(对划线部分提问)
__________________________________________
4.I could ride a bike five years ago.(改为否定句)
__________________________________________
5.Could you swim when you were young?(作肯定和否定回答)
__________________________________________
6.He uses the computer to search for information now.(用 ten years ago 改写句子)
__________________________________________
四、单项选择
( )1.I _____to school by bike every day, but I ______ to school by bus yesterday.
A. go; go B. went; go C. go; went
( )2.—______ he ______ football yesterday? —Yes, he did.
A. Did; play B. Do; play C. Does; play
( )3.She ______ a letter to her friend last week.
A. write B. writes C. wrote
( )4.They ______ happy at the party last night.
A. are B. were C. was
( )5.Six years ago, I ______ read and write, but now I ______ do many things.
A. can; could B. could; can C. can; can
( )6.My father _____TV every evening, but he ______ a book yesterday evening.
A. watches; read B. watch; read C. watches; reads
( )7.I ______ my glasses everywhere, but I couldn’t ______ them.
A. looked for; find B.found; look for C.looks for; find
( )8.There ________ not many houses on the mountain five years ago.
A. is B.was C.Were
( )9. —______ you at home yesterday?
—No. I ______ on the farm.
A. Did; was B.Were; was C.Were; were
( )10. —_____ did Mr Green use to call people thirty years ago?
—He used the telephone.
A.When B.What C.How
五、根据汉语意思完成句子
1.昨天我拜访了我的祖父母。
I ______ my grandparents yesterday.
2.他上周没有去钓鱼。
He ______ ______ fishing last week.
3.你前天做什么了?
What ______ you ______ the day before yesterday?
4.五年前我不会骑自行车。
I ______ ______ a bike five years ago.
5.他们现在经常在网上购物。
They often ______ ______ on the Internet now.
6.她去年在学校里交了很多朋友。
She ______ many friends at school last year.
六、阅读理解,判断正(T)误(F)。
I have a good friend. Her name is Lily. She is from the US. She is twelve years old. She has long hair and big eyes. She is lovely and kind.
Ten years ago, Lily couldn't speak Chinese. But now she can speak it very well. She can also write stories in Chinese. She likes reading Chinese books and watching Chinese films. She wants to visit China someday.
( )1. Lily is from the UK.
( )2. Lily is 12 years old.
( )3. Ten years ago, Lily could speak Chinese.
( )4. Now Lily can write stories in Chinese.
( )5. Lily wants to visit the US someday.
参考答案
一、写出下列单词的过去式、三单形式和现在分词
have的三单是特殊变化has;过去式是had;现在分词having
can是情态动词,没有三单和现在分词形式,过去式是could
get的三单直接gets;过去式是got;现在分词getting
see的三单直接加sees;过去式是saw;现在分词seeing
go的三单goes;过去式是went;现在分词going
eat的三单直接eats;过去式是ate;现在分词eating
buy的三单直接加buys;过去式是bought;现在分词buying
take的三单直接takes;过去式是took;现在分词taking
bring的三单直接brings;过去式是brought;现在分词bringing
fly的三单flies;过去式是flew;现在分词flying
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
答案:1. told 2.didn't play 3. Did;watch 4. read 5. was 6. flew
1. told
解析:句中"yesterday"表明是过去时,tell的过去式是told。
2. didn't play
解析:"last Sunday"是过去时间,否定句用助动词didn't,后面动词用原形play。
3. Did;watch
解析:"last night"是过去时间,一般疑问句用助动词Did开头,后面动词用原形watch。
4. read
解析:"two days ago"是过去时间,read的过去式还是read(发音不同)。
5. was
解析:"yesterday evening"是过去时间,主语是I,对应的be动词过去式是was。
6. flew
解析:"last week"是过去时间,fly的过去式是flew。
三、按要求完成句子
1. He didn't go to the park yesterday.
解析:一般过去时的否定句,在动词过去式前加didn't,动词过去式变回原形,went变回go。
2. Did they see a film last night?
Yes, they did.
No, they didn't.
解析:一般过去时变一般疑问句,用助动词Did开头,动词过去式saw变回原形see;肯定回答用"Yes, 主语+did",否定回答用"No, 主语+didn't"。
3. What did she do after school?
解析:划线部分是"did her homework",表示做的事情,用what提问,一般过去时借助助动词did,后面动词用原形do。
4. I couldn't ride a bike five years ago.
解析:含有情态动词could的句子变否定句,直接在could后加not,缩写为couldn't。
5. Yes, I could.
No, I couldn't.
解析:对"Could you..."的肯定回答是"Yes, I could",否定回答是"No, I couldn't"。
6. He used the computer to search for information ten years ago.
解析:"ten years ago"表明用过去时,uses的过去式是used。
四、单项选择
答案:1-5 CACBB 6-10 AACBA
1. C
解析:"every day"表明第一空用一般现在时,主语是I,用go;"yesterday"表明第二空用过去时,go的过去式是went。
2. A
解析:"yesterday"表明用一般过去时,一般疑问句用Did开头,后面动词用原形play。
3. C
解析:"last week"是过去时间,write的过去式是wrote。
4. B
解析:"last night"是过去时间,主语they对应的be动词过去式是were。
5. B
解析:"Six years ago"表明第一空用过去时could;"now"表明第二空用现在时can。
6. A
解析:"every evening"表明第一空用一般现在时,主语my father是三单,用watches;"yesterday evening"表明第二空用过去时,read的过去式是read。
7. A
解析:句意为“我到处找我的眼镜,但找不到它们”。"looked for"强调寻找过程,"find"强调找到结果,根据语境选A。
8. C
解析:"five years ago"是过去时间,主语many houses是复数,be动词用were。
9. B
解析:"yesterday"是过去时间,主语you对应的be动词过去式是were;答句主语I对应的be动词过去式是was。
10. C
解析:根据答语"He used the telephone"可知问的是方式,用how。
五、根据汉语意思完成句子
答案:1. visited 2. didn't go 3. did;do 4. couldn't ride
5. go shopping 6. made
1. visited
解析:"昨天"表明用过去时,visit的过去式是visited。
2. didn't go
解析:"上周"是过去时间,否定句用didn't,后面动词用原形go。
3. did;do
解析:"前天"是过去时间,疑问句用助动词did,后面动词用原形do。
4. couldn't ride
解析:"五年前"是过去时间,“不会”用couldn't,后面动词用原形ride。
5. go shopping
解析:"现在"表明用一般现在时,主语they是复数,动词用原形。
6. made
解析:"去年"是过去时间,"交朋友"是make friends,make的过去式是made。
六、阅读理解,判断正(T)误(F)
答案:1-5 FTFTF
1. F
解析:文中提到"She is from the US",不是UK。
2. T
解析:文中明确说"She is twelve years old"。
3. F
解析:文中说"Ten years ago, Lily couldn't speak Chinese"。
4. T
解析:文中提到"She can also write stories in Chinese"。
5. F
解析:文中说"She wants to visit China someday",不是US。
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