内容正文:
Unit 4 Then and now
专题01 基础知识·易错题专项训练
语音、词汇、短语
基础知识
高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨
易错精讲
高频易错点01
字母组合“er”的发音(P41)
My mother is a teacher.
She works hard every day.
My cousin is a worker.
Now he's on holiday.
字母组合“er”在这里发音/ə/,如
mother/ˈmʌðə / sister/ˈsɪstə / summer/ˈsʌmə(r) /
teacher /ˈti:tʃə(r) / winter /ˈwɪntə(r)/
易错点提示
字母组合er在重读闭音节中,常发长元音/ɜː/,如:
term/tɜ:m/ her /hɜ:/
小练笔
选出与所给单词画线部分读音不同的一项。
( )1.A.far B.dark C.sugar
( )2.A.work B.report C.sport
( )3.A.farmer B.water C.her
( )4.A.bird B.reader C.girl
1.答案:C,A选项“far”中“ar”发音为/ɑː(r)/;B选项“dark”中“ar”发音为/ɑː(r)/;C选项“sugar”中“ar”发音为/ə(r)/ ,所以选C。
2.答案:A,A选项“work”中“or”发音为/ɜː(r)/;B选项“report”中“or”发音为/ɔː(r)/;C选项“sport”中“or”发音为/ɔː(r)/ ,所以选A。
3.答案:C,A选项“farmer”中“er”发音为/ə(r)/;B选项“water”中“er”发音为/ə(r)/;C选项“her”中“er”发音为/ɜː(r)/ ,所以选C。
4.答案:B,A选项“bird”中“ir”发音为/ɜː(r)/;B选项“reader”中“er”发音为/ə(r)/;C选项“girl”中“ir”发音为/ɜː(r)/ ,所以选B。
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高频易错点02
Mike could read and draw, but he could not write.(P36)
(1)could 是 can 的过去式,意为“能够,会,可以”,表示某人具有做某事的能力,只是 could 表示过去的状态。
(2)否定形式:can’t = can not, couldn’t = could not
(3)注意:无论是 can 还是 could,后面接动词均接动词原形,且没有人称和数的变化。
易错点提示
(1)情态动词can/could的句型结构
肯定句结构:主语 + could + 动词原形(+ 其他).
否定句结构:主语 + couldn’t + 动词原形(+ 其他).
一般疑问句结构:Could + 主语 + 动词原形(+ 其他)?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + could.
否定回答:No, 主语 + couldn’t.
(2)could 也可以表示委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法,此时可以与 can 互换使用,但 could 的语气较 can 委婉,两者没有时态上的区别。
When I was six years old, I could draw, but I couldn’t write.
当我六岁的时候,我会画画,但我不会写。
小练笔
选择题
( )1. When I was five years old, I ______ ride a bike.
A.can B. could C. am able to
( )2. —______ you swim when you were a child?
—No, I couldn't.
A. Can B. Could C. Are
( )3. She said she ______ speak three languages when she was young.
A. can B. could C. will
单词填空题
4. He ______ (can) draw pictures well when he was a student.
5. They ______ (not could) find their cat last night.
1. 答案:B,根据“When I was five years old”可知,句子说的是过去的能力,要用can的过去式could ,A选项can是一般现在时,C选项am able to也是一般现在时,所以选B。
2. 答案:B,由“when you were a child”可知,询问过去是否具备某种能力,用could ,A选项Can是一般现在时,C选项Are不能与动词原形swim搭配来表示“能游泳”,所以选B。
3. 答案:B,“she said”表明主句是一般过去时,从句中“when she was young”也表示过去的时间,所以要用could ,A选项can是一般现在时,C选项will表示将来,所以选B。
4. 答案:could,“when he was a student”表示过去的时间,这里表示过去具备的能力,要用can的过去式could。
5. 答案:couldn't,“last night”是过去的时间,could的否定形式是could not ,可以缩写为couldn't。
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高频易错点03
Twenty years ago, Mr Brown wrote letters to his friends.(P36)
(1) wrote是write的过去时
write sb. a letter = write (a letter) to sb. 写信给某人
I often write my e-friends a letter. = =I often write a letter to my e-friends.
我经常写信给我的网友。
(2)ago是副词,与表示时间的词组连用,表示“……以前”。如:
long long ago 很久以前 two days ago 两天前
five years ago 五年前 a moment ago 片刻之前
(3)含有ago的时间状语一般与动词的一般过去时连用。如:
Six years ago, I couldn’t write. 六年前,我不会写字。
Ten years ago, he wrote letters. 十年前,他写了信。
易错点提示
ago和before的异同点
相同点:两者均可表示在多久时间“以前”(要放在表示一段时间的词语之后)。
不同点:
ago从现在向前回溯,即现在的过去,因此通常与一般过去时连用;
before则从过去向前回溯,即指过去的过去,因此通常与过去完成时连用。
I bought the computer two years ago. 我是两年前买这台电脑的。
He said they had left five days before. 他说他们五天前就离开了。
小练笔
单项选择
( )1. —When did you visit the museum? —______ .
A. Two days before B. Two days ago C. For two days
( )2. My mother ______ a letter to her friend yesterday.
A. write B. writes C. wrote
( )3. —What did your father do ten years ago? —He ______ stories for children.
A. write B. wrote C. is writing
句子翻译
4. 二十年前,布朗先生给他的朋友们写信。
__________________________________________
5. 六年前,我不会写字。
____________________________________________
6. 我妈妈两天前买了一台新电脑。
_____________________________________________
1. 答案:B,“ago”用于一般过去时,“two days ago”(两天前 )符合“visited”(一般过去时)的时间搭配;“Two days before”常与过去完成时连用;“For two days”表持续时长,用于现在完成时等,选B。
2. 答案:C,“yesterday”(昨天 )是一般过去时标志,“write”的过去式是“wrote”,选C。
3. 答案:B,“ten years ago”(十年前 )是一般过去时标志,“write”的过去式是“wrote”,选B。
4. 答案:Twenty years ago, Mr Brown wrote letters to his friends.
解析:“二十年前”是“Twenty years ago”,用于一般过去时,“write”的过去式“wrote”,“写信给某人”是“write letters to sb.” 。
5. 答案:Six years ago, I couldn’t write.
解析:“六年前”是“Six years ago”,一般过去时,“不会”用“couldn’t”(can’t的过去式 ),后接动词原形“write” 。
6. 答案:My mother bought a new computer two days ago.
解析:“两天前”是“two days ago”,一般过去时,“buy”的过去式“bought” ,按中文语序翻译即可。
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高频易错点04
He used the telephone at home and in the office to call people.(P36)
use sth. to do sth. = do sth. with sth. 用…… 做
We use water to wash hands. =We wash hands with water.
我们用水洗手。
易错点提示
use 和 with 都有用的意思,use 是动词,with 是介词,用法不同
“和” I played football with my brother last Sunday.
“长着” The boy with a big nose is my brother.with的用法
“拥有” I have a new house with a big garden.
“用” Make a sentence with “egg”.
注:句中有谓语动词时,选介词 “with” 表示用,句中无谓语动词时,选动词 “use”。
小练笔
单项选择题。
( )1. —______ you ______ a ruler to draw? —Yes, I do.
A. Do; use B. Are; use C. Do; with
( )2. The man ______ a black coat is my uncle.
A. use B. with C. uses
( )3. They ______ water ______ water the flowers.
A. with; to B. use; to C. use; with
( )4. —How do you make a card? —I make it ______ paper and scissors.
A. use B. with C. uses
( )5. I ______ my phone ______ call my mother every day.
A. use; to B. with; to C. use; with 1. 答案:A,答句是 “Yes, I do.” ,说明问句是由 “Do” 引导的一般疑问句,结构为 “Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他” ,“use” 是动词原形,“with” 是介词不能这样用,所以选A 。
2. 答案:B,句中已有谓语 “is” ,“with” 作为介词表 “穿着;带着” ,“use” 和 “uses” 是动词,会造成句子有两个谓语(错误 ),所以选B 。
3. 答案:B,“use sth. to do sth.” 是固定搭配(用某物做某事 ),“with” 是介词不能这样搭配,所以选B 。
4. 答案:B,句中已有谓语 “make” ,“with” 表 “用(材料/工具 )” ,“use” 和 “uses” 是动词,会让句子谓语重复(错误 ),所以选B 。
5. 答案:A,“use sth. to do sth.” 是固定用法(用某物做某事 ),“with” 是介词不能用于此结构,所以选A 。
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高频易错点05
Now he has a mobile phone and he can call people anywhere. He also writes emails..(P36)
anywhere 的用法:用于肯定句中意为 “随处、到处”
You can find beautiful flowers anywhere in this garden.
在这个花园里,你随处都能找到美丽的花朵。
易错点提示
anywhere 和 somewhere的区别:
共同点:意为“任何地方”
anywhere用于否定句和疑问句中;
Did you go anywhere interesting last weekend?
你上周末去了什么有趣的地方吗?
somewhere则用于“肯定句”中。
I went somewhere interesting last weekend.
我上周去了一些有趣的地方。
小练笔
单项选择和句型转换
( )1. You can see green trees ______ in this park.
A. anywhere B. somewhere C. anything
( )2. —Did you go ______ special last month?
—No, I just stayed at home.
A. anywhere B. somewhere C. something
( )3. There is a beautiful lake ______ in this town.
A. anywhere B. somewhere C. nowhere
4. I can find his books anywhere in the room.(改为否定句)
I ______ find his books ______ in the room.
5. He went somewhere interesting last year.(改为一般疑问句)
______ he ______ ______ interesting last year?
1. 答案:A,肯定句中“anywhere”表“随处、到处” ,“somewhere”(某个地方 )、“anything”(任何事物 ,非地点 )不符合,选A。
2. 答案:A,疑问句用“anywhere”表“任何地方” ,“somewhere”(肯定句用 )、“something”(事物 ,非地点 )不对,选A。
3. 答案:B,肯定句“somewhere”表“某个地方” ,“anywhere”(疑问句/否定句用 )、“nowhere”( nowhere,无处 )不符,选B。
4. 答案:can't;anywhere,“can”的否定“can't” ,肯定句“anywhere”变否定句仍用“anywhere” ,即“I can't find his books anywhere in the room.” 。
5. 答案:Did;go anywhere,一般过去时,借助“Did” ,“somewhere”(肯定句 )变疑问句换“anywhere” ,即“Did he go anywhere interesting last year?” 。
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高频易错点06
Now he can read and watch news on the Internet.(P37)
news是不可数名词,意思是“新闻”。作主语时谓语动词需使用单数形式。如:
The news was very interesting. 这个新闻非常有趣。
短语:read news 阅读新闻 watch news看新闻
易错点提示
look, see, watch 和 read:这四个单词都表示“看”,但有所区别:
look 强调“看”的动作,不能直接加对象,要用 at 连接对象。
Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。
see 强调“看”的结果,意思是“看见,看到”。
I see a bird in the sky. 我看见天空中有一只鸟。
watch 强调“专注地看”,常用来表示看电视、看电影、看比赛等,
如:watch TV 看电视。
read 通常指“阅读”,
如:read books 看书,read newspapers 看报纸。
小练笔
单项选择。
( )1. —What are you doing? —I’m ______ a newspaper.
A. looking B. seeing C. reading
( )2. ______ at the picture carefully. What can you ______?
A. Look; see B. See; look C. Watch; see
( )3. My mother likes ______ TV plays in her free time.
A. looking B. watching C. reading
( )4. The ______ is very important. We all should listen to it.
A. news B. newspaper C. book
( )5. —Can you ______ the bird in the tree? —Yes, I can.
A. look B. watch C. see
1. 答案:C,“read a newspaper”是固定搭配,意为“看报纸” ,“look”强调动作,“see”强调结果,这里用“read” ,选C 。
2. 答案:A,“look at”是固定短语表“看(动作 )” ,“see”表“看见(结果 )” ,第一空用“Look” ,第二空用“see” ,选A 。
3. 答案:B,“watch TV plays”是“看电视剧” ,“look” 、“read”不与“TV plays”搭配 ,“like doing sth.” ,用“watching” ,选B 。
4. 答案:A,根据“listen to it”可知是“news(新闻 ,不可数 )” ,“newspaper(报纸 )” 、“book(书 )” 不符合“听”的语境 ,选A 。
5. 答案:C,句意为“你能看见树上的鸟吗” ,强调“看见”结果 ,用“see” ,“look”需接“at” ,“watch”表专注看 ,选C 。
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高频易错点07
Bobby is looking out of the winter.(P13)
look out of the window朝窗外看
易错点提示
“look out of”和“look out” 是两个不同的短语,在含义和用法上都存在区别:
look out of 含义:表示“从……朝外看” ,后面需要接表示窗户、门等类似的地点名词,强调看的方向和出处。
Don't look out of the door while having a class.
上课的时候不要朝门外看。
look out含义:主要表示“当心,小心” ,用来提醒别人注意潜在的危险或问题,相当于 “be careful” 或 “watch out”。
Look out! There is a car coming.
小心!有辆车来了。
小练笔
用 look out of 或 look out 填空
1. ______! The floor is wet.
2. Don't ______ the window in class.
3. ______! There’s a dog in front of you.
4. She likes to ______ the window when she is on the bus.
单项选择
( )5. —______! A bike is coming. —Thanks. I will be careful.
A. Look out of B. Look out C. Look at
( )6. My little sister is ______ the window. She wants to see the birds.
A. looking out of B. looking out C. looking at
( )7. When you are on the road, you should ______ for cars.
A. look out of B. look out C. look at
1. 答案:Look out,“地板湿” ,需提醒 “小心” ,“look out” 表 “当心” ,句首首字母大写 。
2. 答案:look out of,“在课堂上别…… 窗户” ,是 “从窗户朝外看” ,“look out of + 地点” ,助动词 “Don't” 后接动词原形 。
3. 答案:Look out,“你前面有狗” ,要提醒 “小心” ,“look out” 表 “当心” ,句首首字母大写 。
4. 答案:look out of,“在公交车上喜欢…… 窗户” ,是 “从窗户朝外看” ,“look out of + 地点” ,“like to” 后接动词原形 。
5. 答案:B,“自行车来了” ,需提醒 “小心” ,“look out” 表 “当心” ;“look out of” 后要接地点 ,“look at” 是 “看……” ,选B 。
6. 答案:A,“想看鸟” ,是 “从窗户朝外看” ,“look out of + 地点” ;“look out” 后不接宾语 ,“look at” 是 “看……” ,选A 。
7. 答案:B,“在路上要…… 汽车” ,是 “当心” ,“look out” 表 “小心” ;“look out of” 后接地点 ,“look at” 是 “看……” ,选B 。
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综合训练
一、选出发音不同的一项
( )1. A. worker B. her C. teacher
( )2. A. term B. summer C. winter
( )3. A. bird B. girl C. farmer
( )4. A. world B. sport C. work
( )5. A. earth B. heard C. near
二、单项选择题
( )1. My father ______ letters to his friends twenty years ago.
A. writes B. wrote C. write
( )2. —______ you ride a bike when you were seven?
—Yes, I could.
A. Can B. Could C. Do
( )3. We use computers ______ emails now.
A. to send B. send C. sending
( )4. There is ______ interesting news on the Internet.
A. a B. an C. some
( )5. —______ did you go last weekend?
—I went to the park.
A. What B. Where C. When
( )6. He ______ watch TV last night. He read books.
A. didn't B. doesn't C. isn't
( )7. Look! The students ______ out of the window.
A. look B. are looking C. looked
( )8. My mother likes ______ TV in the evening.
A. watch B. watching C. reads
( )9. —When did you buy this bag?
—I bought it two weeks ______.
A. ago B. before C. later
( )10. There ______ no computers in our school ten years ago.
A. are B. were C. was
三、用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1. Mike ______ (can) not read when he was five.
2. They ______ (write) letters to their parents last month.
3. My brother often ______ (use) the mobile phone to play games.
4. ______ (be) there a library in your school three years ago?
5. Look! The girl ______ (look) out of the window.
6. We ______ (have) a good time at the party yesterday.
四、句型转换
1. I could swim when I was eight.(改为否定句)
I ______ ______ when I was eight.
2. He uses a pen to write.(改为同义句)
He writes ______ a pen.
3. There were some cars in the street.(改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ ______ cars in the street?
4. She read books last night.(改为一般疑问句)
______ she ______ books last night?
5. They go to school by bike now.(用five years ago改写句子)
They ______ to school by bike five years ago.
6. He can watch news on the Internet.(改为否定句)
He ______ ______ news on the Internet.
五、阅读理解,选出正确的答案
Tom lives in a small town. Twenty years ago, his parents lived in a small house. They didn't have a TV. They listened to the radio. His father went to work by bike. His mother washed clothes by hand.
Now, Tom lives in a big house with his parents. They have a big TV and a computer. His father drives a car to work. His mother uses a washing machine to wash clothes. Tom likes using the computer to study and play games. He often writes emails to his friends.
Life is changing. It's getting better and better.
( )1. Twenty years ago, Tom's parents lived in a ______.
A. small house B. big house C. flat
( )2. Tom's parents didn't have a ______ twenty years ago.
A. radio B. TV C. bike
( )3. Now, Tom's father goes to work ______.
A. by bike B. on foot C. by car
( )4. Tom likes using the computer to ______.
A. watch TV B. study and play games C. wash clothes
( )5. Which sentence is right?
A. Life is getting worse.
B. Tom's mother washes clothes by hand now.
C. Tom often writes emails to his friends.
参考答案
一、选出发音不同的一项
1. 答案:B
解析:A选项“worker”中“er”发音为/ə(r)/ ,用于非重读音节;B选项“her”中“er”在重读且不后接元音字母的情况下,发音为/ɜː(r)/ ;C选项“teacher”中“er”在非重读音节,发音为/ə(r)/ ,所以选B。
2. 答案:A
解析:A选项“term”里“er”处于重读且不后接元音字母的位置,发音是/ɜː(r)/ ;B选项“summer”和C选项“winter”中的“er”都在非重读音节,发音均为/ə(r)/ ,因此选A。
3. 答案:C
解析:A选项“bird”和B选项“girl”里的“ir”组合发音为/ɜː(r)/ ;C选项“farmer”中“er”在非重读音节,发音为/ə(r)/ ,所以答案是C。
4. 答案:B
解析:A选项“world”和C选项“work”中,“or”在/w/之后,发音为/ɜː(r)/ ;B选项“sport”中“or”不在/w/之后,发音为/ɔː(r)/ ,故选择B。
5. 答案:C
解析:A选项“earth”和B选项“heard”里“ear”发音为/ɜː(r)/ ;C选项“near”中“ear”发音为/ɪə(r)/ ,所以选C。
二、单项选择题
1. 答案:B
解析:“twenty years ago(二十年前)”是一般过去时的时间标志,“write”的过去式是“wrote” ,A选项“writes”是一般现在时第三人称单数形式,C选项“write”是动词原形,所以选B。
2. 答案:B
解析:由“when you were seven(你七岁的时候)”可知,询问的是过去的能力,要用can的过去式could 。A选项“Can”用于一般现在时,C选项“Do”不能表示能力,所以选B。
3. 答案:A
解析:“use sth. to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“用某物做某事”,所以这里用“to send” 。B选项“send”是动词原形,C选项“sending”是现在分词形式,均不符合该结构,选A。
4. 答案:C
解析:“news(新闻)”是不可数名词,不能用不定冠词a/an修饰 。A选项“a”和B选项“an”用于可数名词单数前,所以选C,“some”可以修饰不可数名词。
5. 答案:B
解析:根据答语“I went to the park.(我去了公园)”可知,问句是对地点提问。A选项“What(什么)”对事物提问,C选项“When(什么时候)”对时间提问 ,B选项“Where(哪里)”对地点提问,所以选B。
6. 答案:A
解析:“last night(昨晚)”表明时态是一般过去时,含有实义动词的一般过去时的否定句要借助助动词didn't ,后接动词原形。B选项“doesn't”用于一般现在时第三人称单数的否定句,C选项“isn't”后不能直接接动词原形,所以选A。
7. 答案:B
解析:“Look!(看!)”是现在进行时的标志词,现在进行时的结构是“be +动词的现在分词” ,主语“The students(学生们)”是复数,be动词用are ,“look”的现在分词是“looking” ,A选项“look”是动词原形,C选项“looked”是过去式,所以选B。
8. 答案:B
解析:“like doing sth.”表示“喜欢做某事” ,“watch TV(看电视)”是固定短语,所以用“watching” 。A选项“watch”是动词原形,C选项“reads”与“TV”不搭配,所以选B。
9. 答案:A
解析:“ago”用于一般过去时,常放在时间段之后,表示“……以前” ;“before”常用于过去完成时,“later”表示“以后” 。句子是一般过去时,“two weeks ago(两周前)”符合语境,所以选A。
10. 答案:B
解析:“ten years ago(十年前)”表明时态是一般过去时,“computers(电脑)”是复数,there be句型的一般过去时中,be动词用were 。A选项“are”用于一般现在时,C选项“was”用于单数名词或不可数名词的一般过去时,所以选B。
三、用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1. 答案:could
解析:“when he was five(当他五岁的时候)”表示过去的时间,所以用can的过去式could 。
2. 答案:wrote
解析:“last month(上个月)”是一般过去时的时间状语,“write”的过去式是“wrote” 。
3. 答案:uses
解析:“often(经常)”是一般现在时的标志词,主语“My brother(我的哥哥)”是第三人称单数,所以动词“use”要用第三人称单数形式uses 。
4. 答案:Was
解析:“three years ago(三年前)”表明时态是一般过去时,“a library(一个图书馆)”是单数,there be句型的一般过去时中,be动词用was ,句首单词首字母大写。
5. 答案:is looking
解析:“Look!(看!)”是现在进行时的标志词,现在进行时的结构是“be +动词的现在分词” ,主语“The girl(这个女孩)”是单数,be动词用is ,“look”的现在分词是“looking” 。
6. 答案:had
解析:“yesterday(昨天)”是一般过去时的时间状语,“have”的过去式是“had” 。
四、句型转换
1. 答案:couldn't swim
解析:含有could的句子变否定句,直接在could后加not ,可以缩写成couldn't ,后接动词原形swim 。
2. 答案:with
解析:“use sth. to do sth.”相当于“do sth. with sth.” ,原句“He uses a pen to write.”(他用钢笔写字),同义句为“He writes with a pen.”。
3. 答案:Were there any
解析:there be句型变一般疑问句,把be动词提到句首,句首单词首字母大写;some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,所以把“some”变为“any” 。
4. 答案:Did; read
解析:原句“She read books last night.”是一般过去时,含有实义动词read ,变一般疑问句要借助助动词did ,放在句首,句首单词首字母大写,后接动词原形read 。注意这里“read”的过去式和原形拼写相同,但读音不同。
5. 答案:went
解析:“five years ago(五年前)”是一般过去时的时间状语,所以把“go”变为过去式went 。
6. 答案:can't watch
解析:含有can的句子变否定句,直接在can后加not ,可以缩写成can't ,后接动词原形watch 。
五、阅读理解,选出正确的答案
1. 答案:A
解析:根据文中“Twenty years ago, his parents lived in a small house.”可知,二十年前,汤姆的父母住在一个小房子里,所以选A。
2. 答案:B
解析:由文中“They didn't have a TV.”可知,二十年前,汤姆的父母没有电视,所以选B。
3. 答案:C
解析:从文中“His father drives a car to work.”可知,现在汤姆的父亲开车去上班,所以选C。
4. 答案:B
解析:根据“Tom likes using the computer to study and play games.”可知,汤姆喜欢用电脑学习和玩游戏,所以选B。
5. 答案:C
解析:A选项,文中提到“Life is changing. It's getting better and better.”,说明生活越来越好,不是越来越糟,A错误;B选项,文中说“His mother uses a washing machine to wash clothes.”,现在汤姆的妈妈用洗衣机洗衣服,不是用手洗,B错误;C选项,“He often writes emails to his friends.”表明汤姆经常给朋友们写电子邮件,C正确。所以选C。
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