专题01 阅读理解 （说明文）（期中真题汇编，安徽专用）高二英语上学期

专题01 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·宿州示范高中·期中） Not only is sleep a common topic of our small talk, we’ve also spent decades trying to understand and explain it. After all, we spend an average of 26 years of our lives sleeping. Here are the important findings of the last decade of research. A particularly interesting finding is in the study of lucid dreaming (清醒梦)— it seems possible to communicate with people while they’re sleeping. In a study called “Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers”, researchers asked questions to participants (参与者) in a lucid dream. The dreamers signaled the answers using pre-agreed eye or facial movements. They were accurate, suggesting they could access their cognitive (认知) functions such as working memory while sleeping. This interaction between dreamworld and reality has brought excitement to sleep experts. Sleep can also help our memory and problem-solving. A 2023 research by Denis and Cairney noted that brain regions that are used to learn new things, are reactivated during sleep. That means that while we’re sleeping, our brains go over our daily experiences, which is considered important for keeping memories. And, if you’ve ever felt it was best to sleep on a tricky problem and solve it in the morning, you might have scientific backing! A 2019 study by Sanders found that people were more likely to solve a tricky problem the next day if the problem had been activated in their brains during sleep. So, if you’re stuck, rest up and return to it in the morning. What if you’ve trouble falling asleep? Unfortunately, you may be at higher risk of negative moods and worse emotional regulation, according to a 2021 study. The good news is there are plenty of tips to help you overcome your sleep difficulty. Experts recommend having a set time to start lying down, meditating (冥想) before bed, and avoiding caffeine before bed. 1．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Dreaming has little connection to reality. B．Lucid dreaming is a common experience. C．People can communicate with others while dreaming. D．People can control their dreams in lucid dreaming. 2．What does Denis and Cairney’s research suggest? A．Sleep helps the brain learn better. B．People dream a lot during their sleep. C．Lack of sleep has negative effect on mood. D．People forget most of daily events during sleep. 3．Why might sleeping help solve problems? A．The brain learns better at night. B．The brain has a good rest during sleep. C．Sleeping allows the brain to process daily events, D．Sleepers have more time to think about the problem. 4．What is recommended to improve sleep quality? A．Have a regular bedtime routine. B．Exercise for some time before bed. C．Stay awake for longer during the day. D．Avoid talking about sleep in the daytime. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于睡眠的最新研究成果，包括清醒梦的研究、睡眠对记忆和问题解决能力的帮助，以及改善睡眠质量的方法。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“A particularly interesting finding is in the study of lucid dreaming (清醒梦)— it seems possible to communicate with people while they’re sleeping.(一项特别有趣的发现是在清醒梦的研究中——似乎有可能在人们睡觉的时候与他们交流。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是人们可以在做梦时与他人交流。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“A 2023 research by Denis and Cairney noted that brain regions that are used to learn new things, are reactivated during sleep.(Denis和Cairney在2023年的一项研究中指出，用于学习新事物的大脑区域在睡眠期间会被重新激活。)”可知，Denis和Cairney的研究表明睡眠有助于大脑更好地学习。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句“That means that while we’re sleeping, our brains go over our daily experiences, which is considered important for keeping memories.(这意味着，当我们睡觉时，我们的大脑会回顾我们的日常经历，这对保持记忆很重要。)”可知，睡眠有助于解决问题是因为睡眠使大脑能够处理日常事件。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Experts recommend having a set time to start lying down, meditating (冥想) before bed, and avoiding caffeine before bed.(专家建议有固定的时间开始躺下，睡前冥想，睡前避免摄入咖啡因。)”可知，为了提高睡眠质量，专家建议有规律的睡前习惯。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中） Everyone has their own way to “recharge” their sense of well-being — something that makes them feel good physically, emotionally, and spiritually even if they aren’t consciously aware of it. Personally, I know that few things can improve my day as quickly as a walk around the block or even just getting up from my desk and doing some push-ups. A hike through the woods is ideal when I can make it happen. But that’s me. It’s not simply that I enjoy these activities but also that they literally make me feel better and clear my mind. Mental health and physical health are closely connected. No kidding — what’s good for the body is often good for the mind. Knowing what you can do physically that has this effect for you will change your day and your life. Physical activity has many well-established mental health benefits. These are published in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans and include improved brain health and cognitive function (the ability to think, if you will), a reduced risk of anxiety and depression, and improved sleep and overall quality of life. Although not a cure-all, increasing physical activity directly contributes to improved mental health and better overall health and well-being. Learning how to routinely manage stress and getting screened for depression are simply good prevention practices. Awareness is especially critical at this time of year when disruptions to healthy habits and choices can be more likely and more annoying. Shorter days and colder temperatures have a way of interrupting routines — as do the holidays, with both their joys and their stresses. When the plentiful sunshine and clear skies of temperate months give way to unpredictable weather, less daylight, and festive gatherings, it may happen unconsciously or seem natural to be upset from being as physically active. However, that tendency is precisely why it’s so important that we are ever more mindful of our physical and emotional health — and how we can maintain both — during this time of year. 1．What’s the author’s best way to recharge his well-being? A．High-intensity exercise. B．Sitting at the desk. C．Staying nearby woods. D．Slight exercise. 2．What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A．Physical activity is closely connected with mental health. B．Increasing physical activity has no cure to brain health. C．Physical activity has a risk of anxiety and depression. D．Good quality of life leaves little time for physical activity. 3．What does the underlined word “disruptions” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Achievements. B．Improvements. C．Disturbances. D．Contributions. 4．Why does the author mention shorter days, colder temperatures and festivals? A．To remind us of the hard times of life. B．To let us mind physical and mental health. C．To tell what kind of life we all experience. D．To tell us many things are unpredictable. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了体育活动对身心健康的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Everyone has their own way to “recharge” their sense of well-being — something that makes them feel good physically, emotionally, and spiritually even if they aren’t consciously aware of it. Personally, I know that few things can improve my day as quickly as a walk around the block or even just getting up from my desk and doing some push-ups. (每个人都有自己的方式来“充电”他们的幸福感——一些让他们在身体上、情感上和精神上感觉良好的事情，即使他们并没有意识到这一点。对我来说，没有什么事情能像绕街区走一圈或甚至只是从桌前站起来做几个俯卧撑那样迅速改善我的一天)”可知，作者通常的“充电”方式是做一些轻微的运动。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的内容“Physical activity has many well-established mental health benefits. These are published in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans and include improved brain health and cognitive function (the ability to think, if you will), a reduced risk of anxiety and depression, and improved sleep and overall quality of life. Although not a cure-all, increasing physical activity directly contributes to improved mental health and better overall health and well-being.(体育活动对心理健康有很多好处。这些建议发表在《美国人体育活动指南》杂志上，包括改善大脑健康和认知功能——思考能力，如果你愿意的话，减少紧张和担忧的风险，改善睡眠和整体生活质量。虽然不能包治百病，但增加体育活动直接有助于改善心理健康和更好的整体健康和福祉)”可知，身体活动与心理健康密切相关。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的“to healthy habits and choices can be more likely and more annoying.(对健康的习惯和选择的……更可能也更令人讨厌。)”可知，能够让人讨厌、恼火的肯定是对健康习惯的破坏。所以，划线单词disruption的意义为“破坏、妨碍”，与destruction意义一致。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Shorter days and colder temperatures have a way of interrupting routines - as do the holidays, with both their joys and their stresses. When the plentiful sunshine and clear skies of temperate months give way to unpredictable weather, less daylight, and festive gatherings, it may happen unconsciously or seem natural to be upset from being as physically active. However, that tendency is precisely why it's so important that we are ever more mindful of our physical and emotional health — and how we can maintain both - during this time of year.(白天变短、气温变冷会破坏正常的生活——就像假期一样，既有欢乐，也有压力。当温和月份的充足阳光和晴朗天空被恶劣天气、日照减少和节日聚会所取代时，人们可能会无意识地减少体力活动，或者看起来很自然。然而，这种趋势正是为什么我们越来越注意自己的身心健康以及如何在一年中的这个时候保持身心健康如此重要的原因。)”可知，白天变短、气温变冷和假期会破坏正常的生活，人们可能会无意识地减少体力活动，越是这个时候，我们越应该注意自己的身心健康。所以作者提到白天变短、气温变冷和节日是为了提醒我们在任何时候都要关注健康。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·马鞍山二中·期中） A Harvard research team’s first model of a portable exosuit (机械护甲) is made of cloth components worn on the waist and upper legs. A computer that’s built into the shorts can sense when the user shifts between walking and running. Say the word “exosuit” and super heroes come to mind-somebody like Tony Stark from Marvel Comics, whose fancy suit enables him to become Iron Man. But scientists at Harvard University have been developing an actual exosuit, a wearable machine that can improve an average man’s strength and toughness. This model improves a wearer’s performance while he is walking or running. The lead researcher Conor Walsh says when you put on his team’s suit, you definitely notice that it’s pulling across your joints, so you feel the drive from the suit. But after a while, you don’t really notice it anymore. The suit helps to extend the hip joint, saving the user’s energy. Though you might not notice it, when you shut the suit off after a few minutes of having it turned on, Walsh says, “You really quickly notice that your legs feel a little bit heavier.” Walsh says, “This suit could be helpful for a soldier carrying heavy weights over long distances.” Research on the suit was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which is part of the United States Department of Defense and develops military technology. “Other future models might help people with medical problems like Parkinson’s disease to move more easily,” he says. “My lab cooperates with a company on a suit to help stroke survivors that is now commercially available.” Karl Zelik, an assistant professor at Vanderbilt University, calls the team’s effort “promising work”. Zelik says it will enhance human abilities during various aspects of daily life. However, he notes that the exosuit field is changing fast. In the future, he says, the best assist devices may not be exosuits at all, but rather technology put inside a person’s body. He predicts that future wearables will also be able to figure out the wearer’s movement intention, and influence it when necessary to improve human performance. 1．What may the exosuit do? A．Cover the user’s wrist and upper legs. B．Sharpen a wearer’s performance of walking C．Enable a person to become a superhero. D．Sense the user’s shift from walking to running. 2．How will people feel when they take the suit off after wearing it for a few minutes? A．Their legs may feel a little heavier. B．Their body may not feel anything strange. C．Their joints will feel pulled by some strength. D．Their body may feel the driving force from it. 3．What do Walsh’s words in Paragraph 4 suggest? A．The suit can safeguard soldiers in the distance. B．He works directly for American military force. C．A certain model of a suit can be purchased now. D．Current models benefit Patients with Parkinson. 4．What’s Zelik’s attitude towards the future of exosuits? A．Promising. B．Indifferent. C．Hopeless. D．Objective. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍一个哈佛研究小组的第一个便携式机械护甲是由穿在腰部和大腿上的布料组成，可以提高普通人的力量和韧性。文章还介绍了这套装置的一些特色和优点，以及人们对它的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“But scientists at Harvard University have been developing an actual exosuit, a wearable machine that can improve an average man’s strength and toughness. This model improves a wearer’s performance while he is walking or running.(但哈佛大学的科学家们一直在开发一种真正的外装，一种可穿戴的机器，可以提高普通人的力量和韧性。这个模型可以提高佩戴者在走路或跑步时的表现)”可知，机械护甲可以提高穿戴者的行走能力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Though you might not notice it, when you shut the suit off after a few minutes of having it turned on, Walsh says, “You really quickly notice that your legs feel a little bit heavier.”(沃尔什说，虽然你可能没有注意到，但当你在穿上机械护甲几分钟后把它脱掉时，“你很快就会注意到你的腿感觉有点重了。”)”可知，人们穿了几分钟就把护甲脱下来会感到腿有点重。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“My lab cooperates with a company on a suit to help stroke survivors that is now commercially available.(我的实验室与一家公司合作开发了一套帮助中风患者的机械护甲，现在已经上市)”可推知，Walsh的话表明现在可以买到某一款机械护甲了。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Zelik says it will enhance human abilities during various aspects of daily life. However, he notes that the exosuit field is changing fast. In the future, he says, the best assist devices may not be exosuits at all, but rather technology put inside a person’s body. He predicts that future wearables will also be able to figure out the wearer’s movement intention, and influence it when necessary to improve human performance.(泽利克说，它将提高人类在日常生活的各个方面的能力。然而，他指出，外装领域正在迅速变化。他说，在未来，最好的辅助设备可能根本不是外骨骼，而是植入人体内的技术。他预测，未来的可穿戴设备还将能够了解穿戴者的运动意图，并在必要时对其进行影响，以提高人类的表现)”可知，Zelik既对机械护甲表示肯定，又表示未来最好的辅助设备可能根本不是机械护甲，而是植入人体的技术；即他的态度是客观的。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·合肥一六八中学·期中） Making eye contact with a robot can be a very strange experience. Scientists even have a name for the feeling: the “mysterious valley”. Now, researchers at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) in Italy have found that it is more than just a feeling. They ran an experiment that showed how a robot’s gaze (凝视) can trick people into thinking they are socially interacting with a human being. That experience can slow a person’s ability to make decisions. “The gaze is an extremely important social signal,” said the lead writer, Professor Agnieszka Wykowska, “The question is whether the robot’ s gaze will cause very similar mechanisms (机制) in the human brain as a human’s gaze would.” The team asked 40 participants to play a video game of “chicken”. Each player had to decide whether to permit a car to run straight toward another car or to turn to avoid a crash. The people played against a human-like robot sitting across from them. During breaks in the game, players had to look at the robot. Sometimes the robot would look back and at other times it would look away. As the interactions happened, the scientists collected data on participants’ behavior and brain activity. “Our results show the gaze of the robot had an impact on the way humans made decisions and humans’ responses, so humans were much slower in making decisions in the game,” Wykowska said. Given that the robot is designed to copy the shape and appearance of people, it’s not altogether surprising perhaps that its gaze can influence people’s attention. The findings could be useful for deciding where and how human-like robots might be placed. “When we understand when and how robots change people’s social behavior, then we can decide in which sort of context (环境) this is desirable and beneficial for humans and in which context something should not occur,” Wykowska said. 1．What did the robots do when participants looked at them during breaks? A．They sat among the participants for a while. B．They made eye contact with the participants. C．They greeted the participants in a polite way. D．They had a chat with the participants. 2．What is the key point of the study according to Wykowska? A．How humans can control robots. B．How robots react to human’s gaze. C．Whether robots and humans can think the same way. D．Whether robots’ gaze can have the same impact as humans’. 3．How should the player deal with the car in the game? A．Whether it should keep away from another car. B．When it should be filled up with gas. C．What speed it should run at. D．Where it should be parked. 4．What do the findings intend to state? A．The working principle of human-like robots. B．The application strategy of human-like robots. C．The perfection of human-like robots’ actions. D．The improvement of human-like robots’ assessment. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了机器人眼神凝视对人类决策的影响及研究发现。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“During breaks in the game, players had to look at the robot. Sometimes the robot would look back and at other times it would look away. (在游戏的间歇，玩家必须看着机器人。有时机器人会回看，有时则会移开目光)”可知，此时机器人有时与参与者进行眼神交流。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中““The gaze is an extremely important social signal,” said the lead writer, Professor Agnieszka Wykowska, “The question is whether the robot’ s gaze will cause very similar mechanisms (机制) in the human brain as a human’s gaze would. (“目光是一个极其重要的社会信号，”首席作者Agnieszka Wykowska教授说，“问题是，机器人的目光是否会在人类大脑中引发与人类目光相似的机制)”可知，研究的关键点是机器人凝视是否会对人类产生与人类凝视相同的影响。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each player had to decide whether to permit a car to run straight toward another car or to turn to avoid a crash. (每个玩家都必须决定是否让自己的车直行朝向另一辆车，或者转弯以避免碰撞)”可知，玩家需要决定车辆是否应该避开另一辆车。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The findings could be useful for deciding where and how human-like robots might be placed. “When we understand when and how robots change people’s social behavior, then we can decide in which sort of context (环境) this is desirable and beneficial for humans and in which context something should not occur,” Wykowska said. (这些发现对于决定仿人机器人应放置在哪里以及如何放置很有帮助。“当我们理解机器人在何时以及如何改变人们的社会行为时，我们就可以决定在何种情况下这种变化对人类是有利的，而在何种情况下不应该发生，”Wykowska说)”可推知，研究发现旨在说明仿人机器人应用策略的问题。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25高二上·马鞍山二中·期中） The way we listen to music has changed. Our parents and grandparents listened to music recorded on old vinyl records (黑胶唱片) played on an expensive record player. In 1982, SONY invented CDs which were smaller and much easier to store than vinyl records. Nearly overnight, the life of vinyl came to an end. Soon after, we all got mobile phones and began to access music online. Today, we can easily listen to anything we want to. Some of the greatest music we have ever heard was originally recorded on vinyl. For example, the Beatles recorded all their music on vinyl in the 1950s and 1960s. All those years ago, many people had large collections of records which filled their homes. One such person was Bob George. He started his career as a DJ and record producer. He loved to collect vinyl records and owned 47, 000 of them! Because vinyl records were quite large, he knew that they were often thrown away when people needed more space. He decided he would like to collect every piece of music written after 1945. It would be a collection of a very important part of our musical heritage (遗产). Word of Bob’s ambition spread around the music industry. In 1985, A-Square Records called him asking for help. They had 150, 000 vinyl records. The house where they were stored was sinking under their weigh! Bob was happy to take the records off their hands, and his archive (档案馆) began to grow. Bob called it the Archive of Contemporary Music. He also included in his collection old photos, books and other valuable things. Many professional musicians have been able to help with the archive. It is also used when it comes to choosing music for new films. Tom Hanks spent hours researching music for his film “That Thing You Do!”. Today, the archive is home to over 3, 000, 000 sound records and 90 million songs. It requires a huge amount of space and the hunt is now on for a bigger place. It’s a dream world for any music lover. We hope that space will be found and the collection can continue to grow. 1．Why does the author write the first paragraph? A．To introduce a topic for discussion. B．To summarize the development of technology. C．To inspire people to store vinyl records. D．To provide background information. 2．What can we know about Bob? A．He only collects vinyl records. B．He is passionate about music. C．He was interested in collecting CDs. D．He began his career as a collector. 3．What can be learned about the Archive of Contemporary Music? A．It is run by the government. B．It includes the Beatles’ records. C．It is developing not at a fast speed. D．It takes over A-Square Records’ records. 4．What does the author think of the archive? A．It excites people’s interest in films. B．It will make money for Bob George. C．It will make some big adjustments. D．It is precious for music enthusiasts. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Archive of Contemporary Music（当代音乐资料馆）的发展过程以及在音乐界的作用。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“The way we listen to music has changed. Our parents and grandparents listened to music recorded on old vinyl records (黑胶唱片) played on an expensive record player. In 1982, SONY invented CDs which were smaller and much easier to store than vinyl records. Nearly overnight, the life of vinyl came to an end. Soon after, we all got mobile phones and began to access music online. Today, we can easily listen to anything we want to.(我们听音乐的方式已经改变了。我们的父母和祖父母听用昂贵的唱机播放的旧黑胶唱片录制的音乐。1982年，索尼发明了比黑胶唱片更小、更容易存储的CD。几乎一夜之间，黑胶的生命结束了。不久之后，我们都有了手机，开始上网听音乐。今天，我们可以轻松地听任何我们想听的东西)”可知，文章第一段为“我们听音乐的方式已经改变了”这一话题提供一个背景知识。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第三段“One such person was Bob George. He started his career as a DJ and record producer. He loved to collect vinyl records and owned 47,000 of them! (Bob George就是这样一个人。他的职业生涯开始于DJ和唱片制作人。他喜欢收集黑胶唱片，拥有47000张！)”可知，Bob George收集了如此多唱片，他是一个音乐爱好者。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段“Word of Bob’s ambition spread around the music industry. In 1985, A-Square Records called him asking for help. They had 150, 000 vinyl records. The house where they were stored was sinking under their weigh! Bob was happy to take the records off their hands, and his archive (档案馆) began to grow. Bob called it the Archive of Contemporary Music. He also included in his collection old photos, books and other valuable things.(鲍勃的雄心壮志在音乐界传开了。1985年，A-Square唱片公司打电话给他寻求帮助。他们有15万张黑胶唱片。存放它们的房子在它们的重压下正在下沉！鲍勃很高兴从他们手中接过这些记录，他的档案开始增加。鲍勃称它为当代音乐档案。他还收藏了旧照片、书籍和其他贵重物品)”可知，当代音乐资料馆接管了A-Square唱片公司的唱片。故选D。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“It requires a huge amount of space and the hunt is now on for a bigger place. It’s a dream world for any music lover. We hope that space will be found and the collection can continue to grow.(它需要巨大的空间，现在正在寻找一个更大的地方。这是任何音乐爱好者的梦想世界。我们希望能找到空间，藏品能继续增长)”可知，作者认为音乐馆对音乐爱好者来说是珍贵的。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·皖豫名校联盟·期中） As summer vacation approached, the students at Roberta T. Smith Elementary School were eagerly awaiting their favorite part of the day: a class on mental health. Instead of rushing to lunch, the children closed their eyes and moved their thumbs (拇指) from their foreheads to their hearts, guided by their teacher, Kim Franklin. “Listen to the clock,” she instructed. “Remember to breathe.” Across the United States, schools like Smith Elementary have been introducing mental health classes that include yoga, mediation (冥想) , and mindfulness exercises alongside traditional school subjects. This change comes in response to the increasing mental health struggles faced by American students. In 2023, the U. S. CDC (美国疾控中心) reported that over one-third of students experienced more feelings of sadness and hopelessness. The CDC recommended mindfulness practices as a tool to help students manage stress and emotions. Research indicates that school-based mindfulness programs are particularly beneficial in low- income communities, where a large number of students face a high level of stress. More than two-thirds of Smith Elementary’s students come from poor families. The CDC data shows that these teenagers have the fastest-growing rate of stress-related problems. Nationwide, they have limited access to mental health professionals, even in schools. The Inner Explorer program, carried out in over100 school systems across the U. S., guides students and teachers through five-to ten- minute periods of breathing, meditation, and reflection several times a day. Teachers and administrators have observed positive changes in their students since mixing mindfulness into their studies. Malachi Smith, a student of 9, has been practicing the exercises at home under his father’s guidance. “You can relax… and when I calm myself down, I realize I am an excellent learner,” Malachi shared. Similarly, Aniyah Woods, also 9, a student in Kim Franklin’s class, said the program has helped her “calm down” and “reduce her stress”. She added, “It brought me a sense of peace.” 1．What’s the author’s purpose in describing the scene in paragraph 1? A．To lead in the topic. B．To share a personal experience. C．To introduce a new teaching method. D．To present an argument. 2．What has caused some American schools to set mental health classes? A．The CDC’s requirements. B．The pressure from school leaders. C．The growing mental challenges faced by students. D．The increasing concern about students’ performance in study. 3．Which of the following statements may the author agree with? A．Teenagers from rich families seldom meet with mental stress. B．Mindfulness programs should have been carried out earlier. C．There has already been obvious improvement in students’ mental health. D．The poorer a student’s family is, the more stress he suffers from. 4．What’s Aniyah’s attitude towards the school- based mindfulness program? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Supportive. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍美国多数学校引入瑜伽、冥想、正念练习等心理健康课程，帮助学生排解心理压力。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“As summer vacation approached, the students at Roberta T. Smith Elementary School were eagerly awaiting their favorite part of the day: a class on mental health. Instead of rushing to lunch, the children closed their eyes and moved their thumbs (拇指) from their foreheads to their hearts, guided by their teacher, Kim Franklin. “Listen to the clock,” she instructed. “Remember to breathe.”(随着暑假的临近，罗伯塔·T·史密斯小学（Roberta T. Smith Elementary School）的学生们急切地等待着他们一天中最喜欢的部分：一节关于心理健康的课。孩子们没有急着吃午饭，而是闭上眼睛，在老师金·富兰克林（Kim Franklin）的指导下，把拇指从前额移到心口。“听钟，”她指示道。“记得呼吸。”)”可知，本段描述美国一个学校的学生放学后不去吃饭，反而坐在教室里面，在老师的带领下做正念练习的场景。根据下文可知，目前美国学生压力增加，自杀率上升，为了应对这种情况，一些学校引入了心理健康课程及其实施情况。由此可推知，作者描述该场景是为了引出文章主题。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“This change comes in response to the increasing mental health struggles faced by American students. In 2023, the U. S. CDC (美国疾控中心) reported that over one-third of students experienced more feelings of sadness and hopelessness. The CDC recommended mindfulness practices as a tool to help students manage stress and emotions.( 这一变化是为了应对美国学生面临的日益严重的心理健康问题。2023年，美国疾病控制与预防中心报告称，超过三分之一的学生经历了更多的悲伤和绝望情绪。疾病预防控制中心推荐正念练习作为帮助学生管理压力和情绪的工具。)”可知，学校引入心理健康课程是为了应对学生日益增加的压力状况。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Teachers and administrators have observed positive changes in their students since mixing mindfulness into their studies(教师和管理人员发现，自从将正念融入学习后，学生们发生了积极的变化。)”可知，自从将正念练习引入学习，教师和管理人员发现学生已经有了积极的转变。即学生的心理健康有了明显的改善。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Similarly, Aniyah Woods, also 9, a student in Kim Franklin’s class, said the program has helped her “calm down” and “reduce her stress”. She added, “It brought me a sense of peace.”(同样，9岁的阿尼亚·伍兹（Aniyah Woods）也是金·富兰克林班上的一名学生，她说这个项目帮助她“冷静下来”，“减轻了压力”。她补充说，“这给我带来了一种平静的感觉。”)”可知，阿尼亚对以学校为基础的正念计划持支持的态度。故选D项。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·皖豫名校联盟·期中） Microplastics, or tiny particles (微粒) of plastic that can be as small as one-thousandth of a millimeter, are found everywhere: in the ocean, in the air, and even in our food. Scientists have even discovered them in human body tissues like the heart, liver, and kidneys. While there’s no clear evidence (证据) yet that microplastics harm human health, researchers are concerned about their possible effects. Plastic is made from oil or other petroleum products and is used to create a wide range of things, from water bottles and car parts to children’s toys and clothing. Over time, heat, weather, and even animal digestion break down plastic into smaller pieces, creating microplastics. Researchers are still trying to understand how much plastic we might be taking in or consuming through our food and drinks. Many studies have found traces (痕迹) of plastics in the human body. Tracey Woodruff, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, noted that microplastics have been discovered in almost all body tissues studied. In 2022, a World Health Organization report stated that there was no clear risk to human health from microplastics, based on the evidence available. However, since research on this topic is relatively new, the full impact of microplastics on human health remains vague. Some studies suggest that plastics can cause inflammation and other bodily changes, likely increasing the risk of heart attacks. To reduce exposure (接触) to microplastics, researchers suggest several steps. Remove your shoes before entering your home to prevent spreading microplastics indoors. Choose home-prepared foods, especially fresh fruits and vegetables. Avoid heating foods in plastic containers and choose metal or glass water bottles instead of plastic ones. These simple actions can help reduce your contact with these tiny, and harmful particles. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The rapid spread of microplastics. B．The forming process of microplastics. C．The benefits of plastics in various industries. D．The influence of plastics on the environment. 2．What does the underlined word “vague” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Uncertain. B．Obvious. C．Unchanged. D．Far-reaching. 3．What is recommended to reduce exposure to microplastics according to the text? A．Changing clothes after doing housework. B．Avoiding using plastic bags when shopping. C．Thinking twice before consuming processed foods. D．Replacing plastic containers with metal ones. 4．What’s a suitable title for the text? A．Are microplastics harmful? B．Should microplastics be removed from our life? C．Joint effort is needed to deal with microplastics. D．Microplastics are becoming a tough problem. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了微塑料这一物质。微塑料无处不在，存在于海洋、空气、食物和人体组织中。尽管目前没有明确证据表明其对人类健康有害，但其全面影响仍不确定。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Plastic is made from oil or other petroleum products and is used to create a wide range of things, from water bottles and car parts to children’s toys and clothing. Over time, heat, weather, and even animal digestion break down plastic into smaller pieces, creating microplastics.(塑料是由石油或其他石油产品制成的，用于制造各种各样的东西，从水瓶、汽车零件到儿童玩具和服装。随着时间的推移，热量、天气，甚至动物的消化都会把塑料分解成更小的碎片，从而形成微塑料)”可知，本段主要讲述微塑料的形成过程。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“In 2022, a World Health Organization report stated that there was no clear risk to human health from microplastics, based on the evidence available. However, since research on this topic is relatively new, the full impact of microplastics on human health(2022年，世界卫生组织的一份报告指出，根据现有证据，微塑料对人类健康没有明显的风险。然而，由于对这一主题的研究相对较新，微塑料对人类健康的全面影响)”说明世界卫生组织2022年的一份报告指出，根据现有证据微塑料对人类健康没有明显的风险。然而，因为对这一主题的研究相对较新，微塑料对人类健康的全面影响不能确定，从而推知划线词句“However, since research on this topic is relatively new, the full impact of microplastics on human health remains vague.(然而，因为对这一主题的研究相对较新，微塑料对人类健康的全面影响仍然vague.)”其中划线词应为“不明确的，不清楚的”的意思，与A项“uncertain”同义。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Avoid heating foods in plastic containers and choose metal or glass water bottles instead of plastic ones.(避免在塑料容器中加热食物，选择金属或玻璃瓶而不是塑料瓶)”可知，根据本文内容，为了减少接触微塑料，专家建议人们应该使用金属容器替代塑料容器。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“While there’s no clear evidence (证据) yet that microplastics harm human health, researchers are concerned about their possible effects.(虽然目前还没有明确的证据表明微塑料会危害人类健康，但研究人员担心它们可能产生的影响)”和最后一段中“To reduce exposure (接触) to microplastics, researchers suggest several steps.(为了减少接触微塑料，研究人员提出了几个措施)”可知，本文主要讲述微塑料这一物质的相关情况，虽然没有明确的证据表明其对身体健康的不利影响，但是世界卫生组织和相关研究人员还是建议人们减少接触微塑料，因此A项“微塑料有害吗?”为最佳文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·皖豫名校联盟·期中） Tree rings, which serve as a record of the tree’s growth, play an important part in researching the climate and environment for scientists. A study in the scientific publication Nature uses a well-established method and record of more than 10,000 tree rings to figure out summertime temperatures for each year since year 1. No year came even close to last summer’s high heat, said the study’s lead writer, Jan Esper of the Gutenberg Research College in Germany. Esper’s paper showed that in the Northern Hemisphere, the summer of 2023 was as much as 1.2 degrees Celsius warmer than the summer of year 246, which was believed to have gone through the hottest summer before modern times. In fact, 25 of the last 28 years have been hotter than that summer, said study co-writer Max Torbenson. The team used thousands of trees in 15 different places in the Northern Hemisphere, where there was enough data to get a good measure going back to year 1. There was not quite enough tree data in the Southern Hemisphere to publish, but even the limited data showed similar results. Scientists looked at the rings of yearly tree growth to then give yearly dates to every ring. But outside experts had questions about the study. Climate scientist Michael Mann wondered why researchers stopped their look back at year1. Mann suggested other temperature estimates (估算) go back more than 20,000 years. He said just using tree rings is “considerably less reliable (可靠的)” than looking at all sorts of other data, including ice cores, corals and more. However, Esper said his new study only uses tree data because it is exact enough to provide summer-by-summer temperature estimates, which cannot be done with corals, ice cores and other data sources. “Tree rings are of higher resolution (清晰度),” he said. The worldwide temperature records set last summer were so high “that it’s not surprising they would… clearly be the warmest in the past 2,000 years,” said another climate scientist Zeke Hausfather, who was not part of the study. “It’s likely the warmest summer in 120,000 years, though we cannot be absolutely sure,” he added, because data exact to a year does not go back that far. 1．What is the focus of the study in Nature? A．Comparing the temperatures of different seasons. B．Examining tree rings to determine summer temperatures. C．Researching tree growth in the Southern Hemisphere. D．Estimating future temperature tendencies. 2．Why is year 246 mentioned in the text? A．It marked the start of tree data. B．It was the year when people started to record temperatures. C．It is thought of as the beginning of significant climate change. D．It represented the highest level in a certain range. 3．Why did Michael Mann question the study? A．Its data source was limited. B．Its conclusion didn’t match the fact. C．It ignored the impact of human activity. D．It didn’t involve enough climate experts. 4．What did Zeke Hausfather think of the findings of the study? A．Groundless. B．Unsatisfying. C．Understandable. D．Innovative. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学杂志《自然》发表的一篇论文，研究人员通过研究自公元1年至公元2023 年的北半球一些树木的年轮，得出2023年夏季非常炎热的结论。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“A study in the scientific publication Nature uses a well-established method and record of more than 10,000 tree rings to figure out summertime temperatures for each year since year 1.(科学刊物《自然》上的一项研究使用了一种成熟的方法，并记录了一万多棵树的年轮，以计算出从第一年开始每年的夏季温度)”可知，《自然》杂志上的研究的重点是通过研究树木年轮来确定每年夏季的温度。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“Esper’s paper showed that in the Northern Hemisphere, the summer of 2023 was as much as 1.2 degrees Celsius warmer than the summer of year 246, which was believed to have gone through the hottest summer before modern times. In fact, 25 of the last 28 years have been hotter than that summer, said study co-writer Max Torbenson.(埃斯珀的论文显示，在北半球，2023年的夏天比246年的夏天高出1.2摄氏度，人们认为246年经历了近代以来最热的夏天。事实上，在过去的28年里，有25年比那个夏天更热，研究合著者Max Torbenson说)”可知，2023年的夏天比246年的夏天高出1.2摄氏度，并且在过去的28年里，有25年比246年的夏天更热，而人们认为246年经历了近代以来最热的夏天。由此推知，用246年的气温和2023年的气温以及过去28年的气温对比是为了表明气温上升之快，因为246年的夏天已经是近代以来最热的夏天了，它代表了一定范围内的最高值。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段的句子“He said just using tree rings is “considerably less reliable (可靠的)” than looking at all sorts of other data, including ice cores, corals and more.(他说，仅仅利用树木年轮比研究包括冰芯、珊瑚等在内的各种其他数据“更不可靠”)”可推知，迈克尔·曼质疑这项研究是因为他认为该研究的数据来源有限。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“The worldwide temperature  records set last summer were so high “that it’s not surprising they  would… clearly be the warmest in the past 2,000 years,” said another  climate scientist Zeke Hausfather, who was not part of the study.(没有参与这项研究的另一位气候科学家齐克·豪斯父亲说，去年夏天创下的全球气温纪录如此之高，“这并不奇怪，它们显然是过去2000年里最热的。”)”可知，考虑到地球温度不断升高的趋势，去年夏季温度创新高就不足为奇。由此推知，他认为该研究的结论是意料之中、是可以理解的。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·江淮名校·期中） Do fish have a home? European bass, an important fish in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean, spend a lot of time in coastal areas like estuaries (港湾) and sheltered bays. However, these coastal areas are at high risk from human activities. It takes baby European bass a long time to grow into adults and they tend to stay in the estuary they live in until they are fully grown. So if their habitat gets damaged, they don’t just move to another estuary. How and when baby European bass use different coastal areas? We hope our results can help dentify areas that will protect these fish, which contribute to the whole population increase. We caught 146 European bass in three protected nursery sites in the Southwest UK. We placed an acoustic (听觉的) tag inside each fish and then released it. We placed 78 receiver instruments throughout the nursery sites. Whenever a fish got close to a receiver, it recorded the time, date, and fish ID．We tracked fish movement like this for a year. We used our data to determine how much time fish spent at the protected nursery site they were originally caught in, or when they moved into other unprotected coastal areas. We also calculated if these movements were related to fish size. Seasonal differences between the various nursery sites were clear. We found all fish had wider movements at some point. Some visited neighboring estuaries. The most adventurous individuals traveled to Wales, over 300 km (200 mi) away. 45% of wider movements were in the winter. Many of these fish were from the Dart Estuary. Most of them returned to their original nursery by the end of our study. 55% of fish stayed in their original nursery during the winter. We also found that residence time varied between nursery sites, but it was not related to fish size. Our study showed that European bass generally like to stay close to coastal nursery sites. Even most fish that had long coastal movements tended to return to their original nursery. These patterns were not related to fish size. This means coastal nursery habitats are important for them at lots of different ages. It also means they are important year-round. If we want to help fish populations, we need to protect these nursery habitats. 1．Why did the author do the research? A．To find out the route of the fish movement. B．To work out more ways to protect the fish. C．To figure out the importance of protecting the coastal area. D．To check out the differences between different nursery sites. 2．What is the function of receiver instruments? A．Protecting the fish. B．Tracking the presence of the fish. C．Showing the moving track of the fish. D．Measuring the protected nursery area. 3．What can we conclude from the result? A．The bigger the fish is, the longer the residence time. B．The residence time has no difference in different nursery sites. C．Coastal nursery habitats are only important for the fish at a young age. D．Even most fish having voyages farther tended to return to their original nursery. 4．What will be talked about after the last paragraph? A．Other studies about the coastal nursery habitats. B．The reasons to protect the coastal nursery habitats. C．The measures to protect the coastal nursery habitats. D．Other factors influencing the coastal nursery habitats. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文，讲述在科研人员实施实验研究欧洲鲈鱼在港湾运动的路线以及时间。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“How and when baby European bass use different coastal areas?(欧洲鲈鱼宝宝是如何以及何时使用不同的沿海地区的？)”可知，研究目的是弄清鲈鱼运动的路线。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Whenever a fish got close to a receiver, it recorded the time, date, and fish ID. We tracked fish movement like this for a year.(每当一条鱼靠近接收器时，它就会记录下时间、日期和鱼的ID。我们这样跟踪了一年的鱼类活动)”可知，该仪器的功能是追踪鱼的行踪，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Even most fish that had long coastal movements tended to return to their original nursery.(即使是大多数长时间向海岸移动的鱼类也倾向于回到它们原来的繁殖场地)”可知，即使大多数游得更远的鱼也倾向于返回它们原来的栖息地。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If we want to help fish populations, we need to protect these nursery habitats.(如果我们想帮助鱼类种群，我们需要保护这些繁殖栖息地)”可知，下文会提及保护栖息地的措施。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中） There’s no doubt that cats love to play. While some pet parents settle for having their kitties run around the house, others like to tend their cat friends with specialized furniture. Luckily, more and more companies are offering designs with a stylish, minimalist edge that almost doesn’t even look like cat furniture. One such design is Nami, a multifunctional fixture created by Mau. On its own, Nami looks like an abstract artwork— half sculpture, half wall decoration. But once your cat comes across it, you’ll see it transform into a wooden house for your cat. The clever design is inspired by the fluent elegance of ocean movements, taking its name from the Japanese word for “wave”. “The finely sanded, butter-smooth wooden beds are complemented (相得益彰) by gradual wave-like steps, offering your cats a comfortable and stylish place to relax and unwind,” May explains. “Even when unoccupied, it stands as a remarkable decorative addition to your space.”   The company’s mission to marry form and function shines through Nami’s design. “Adapt an extraordinary connection of art and comfort, and transform what it means to be a cat lover with this exceptional piece.”                   Nami is also easy to fix thanks to its French cleat (防滑钉) system. With a width of 27.25 inches and height of 32.75 inches, its proportions (比例) are similar to those of a large poster. As for the kitties, Nami can comfortably hold cats weighing up to 18 pounds, with its wooden beds and wave-like steps offering a considerate space for catnaps. Since it’s still a piece of cat furniture, designers have also made it easy to clean with a damp cloth. If this sounds perfect for your cat, you can now order Nami on Mau’s website. To explore more of the company’s stylish cat furniture ideas, you can follow Mau on Instagram. 1．What’s the purpose of the author telling people’s treating cats? A．To introduce the topic to be discussed. B．To tell people’s feeling to their cats. C．To explain the right attitudes to cats. D．To advise people to make room for cats. 2．What’s the characteristic of Nami? A．It provides large living space. B．It can float on the ocean waves. C．It integrates art and practicality. D．It’s easy to remove when unoccupied. 3．What does paragraph 5 intend to tell us about Nami? A．Its cost. B．Its materials. C．Its size. D．Its convenience. 4．The whole text is intended to ______. A．tell the development of technology B．advertise a product C．tell people’s love for their cats D．inform the inspiration from the ocean 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为Nami的猫家具，它结合了艺术和实用性，为猫提供了一个舒适的休息空间。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“While some pet parents settle for having their kitties run around the house, others like to tend their cat friends with specialized furniture. Luckily, more and more companies are offering designs with a stylish, minimalist edge that almost doesn’t even look like cat furniture. One such design is Nami, a multifunctional fixture created by Mau.(虽然有些宠物主人让他们的猫咪在家里跑来跑去，但其他人喜欢用专门的家具来照顾他们的猫朋友。幸运的是，越来越多的公司开始提供时尚、极简主义的设计，甚至看起来都不像猫的家具。Nami就是这样一种设计，它是由Mau设计的多功能家具。)”可知，作者通过描述人们对待猫的方式来引入讨论的话题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The company’s mission to marry form and function shines through Nami’s design. (公司的使命是将形式和功能结合在一起，这在Nami的设计中得到了体现。)”可知，Nami的特点是结合了艺术和实用性。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“Nami is also easy to fix thanks to its French cleat (防滑钉) system (由于其防滑钉系统Nami很容易安装)”以及“Since it’s still a piece of cat furniture, designers have also made it easy to clean with a damp cloth.(由于它仍然是一件猫家具，设计师们也让它很容易用湿布清洁)”可知，第五段主要介绍了Nami的方便性。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章整体内容，尤其是最后一段“If this sounds perfect for your cat, you can now order Nami on Mau’s website. (如果这听起来很适合你的猫，你现在可以在Mau的网站上订购Nami。)”可知，整篇文章的目的是为了宣传一款产品。故选B。 主题01 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·宿州示范高中·期中） The government of Singapore has created a highly developed system that turns wastewater into drinking water. The system involves a network of tunnels and high technology treatment centers. The system helps reduce ocean pollution, as only a small amount of the treated water is sent into the sea. The United Nations estimates that 80 percent of the world’s wastewater flows back into the oceans without being treated or reused. Singapore has few natural water sources. The island nation has long had to depend mostly on supplies from neighboring Malaysia. Low Pei Chin, an expert, told reporters, “Singapore lacks natural resources, and it is limited in space, which is why we are always looking for ways to explore water sources and stretch our water supply. One major plan is to collect every drop and reuse endlessly.” Parts of the water treatment center are underground. Wastewater enters the center through a 48- kilometer tunnel that is linked to sewers. The center contains a large system of steel pipes, tubes, tanks, cleaning systems and other machinery. It can treat up to 900 million liters of wastewater a day. In one building, a network of air flow systems has been put in place to keep the air smelling as fresh as possible. Waste that arrives at the plant goes through a cleaning process before powerful pumps send it flowing to areas above ground for more treatment. There, the treated water receives additional cleaning. Bacteria and viruses are removed through highly developed cleaning processes and then disinfected with ultraviolet radiation (紫外线). Singapore is also in the process of expanding its recycling system. The country will add another underground tunnel and a major water treatment center to serve the western half of the island. Officials expect work on the center to be completed by 2025. By the time the expansion is finished, Singapore will have spent about $7.4 billion on its water treatment systems. 1．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A．The world’s oceans are polluted by wastewater. B．Only a small amount of the treated water is suitable to drink. C．Wastewater is usually treated before being sent into the oceans. D．80 percent of the water in the oceans can be used as drinking water. 2．What can we know from the passage? A．Singapore plans to get help from Malaysia. B．The wastewater is cleaned underground in the whole process. C．900 million liters of wastewater can be cleaned in the center a day. D．The recycled water enters the sea through a highly developed system. 3．How are bacteria and viruses of treated water removed? A．Purifying water by itself. B．Through a special kind of chemical. C．With ultraviolet radiation. D．Through cleaning processes and disinfection. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Singapore turns wastewater into drinking water. B．Collect and rescue: the future of Singapore. C．The importance of sea water in Singapore. D．Water source protection matters. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡的废水转变饮用水的清洁系统。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The system helps reduce ocean pollution, as only a small amount of the treated water is sent into the sea. The United Nations estimates that 80 percent of the world’s wastewater flows back into the oceans without being treated or reused. (该系统有助于减少海洋污染，因为只有少量处理过的水被排入大海。联合国估计，世界上80%的废水未经处理或再利用就流入海洋)”可知，世界上80%的废水未经处理或再利用就流入海洋；由此推知，全世界的海洋会被废水污染。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The center contains a large system of steel pipes, tubes, tanks, cleaning systems and other machinery. It can treat up to 900 million liters of wastewater a day.(该中心包含一个大型系统的钢管，管道，储罐，清洗系统和其他机械。它每天可以处理多达9亿升的废水)”可知，该中心每天可处理9亿升废水。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Bacteria and viruses are removed through highly developed cleaning processes and then disinfected with ultraviolet radiation(紫外线). (细菌和病毒通过高度发达的清洁过程去除，然后用紫外线辐射消毒)”可知，通过清洗和消毒去除处理过的水中的细菌和病毒。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The government of Singapore has created a highly developed system that turns wastewater into drinking water. The system involves a network of tunnels and high technology treatment centers. (新加坡政府建立了一个高度发达的系统，可以将废水转化为饮用水。该系统包括隧道网络和高科技治疗中心)”以及后文介绍可知，文章主要讲述了新加坡政府建立了一个高度发达的系统来将废水转化为饮用水。A项“新加坡将废水转化为饮用水”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·安徽池州·期中） On Scotland’s west coast is the Firth of Clyde, a large home to thousands of porpoises(海豚) and one dolphin named Kylie. Kylie hasn’t been observed with other common dolphins in at least 14 years but she’s far from alone. On clear days in the Clyde, visitors to the marina can sometimes see Kylie swimming with porpoises, which are about two-thirds her size. New research suggests Kylie’s ties to porpoises are closer than scientists imagined. While a common dolphin’s vocal(发声的) ability should include a diverse range of clicks, whistles (口哨声)，and etc. , Kylie doesn’t whistle. Instead, she “talks” more like porpoises, which communicate using high bursts of clicks. “The study suggests that she may be communicating with the porpoises, or at least attempting to. It’s part of a growing body of work that shows a rich world of interactions(互动) between different species of dolphins, Clearly, species in the wild interact much more than we thought,” says dolphin behaviour expert Denise Herzing. To learn more about Kylie’s relationship with the porpoises, scientists borrowed a device (装置) to record sounds of Kylie and porpoises when they met each other from 2016 to 2018. “She’s definitely identified as a porpoise,” says Nairn, who trained as a sea biologist in college. Researchers also studied thousands of dolphins clicks from the recordings carefully. While dolphins whistle very often, porpoises never do. Instead, they communicate with what are called narrow-band, high-frequency (NBHF) clicks. To hear an NBHF click you have to play it about one hundred times slower. Ever since February 2021, Kylie has been missing. Nairn says he can’t help but worry. Nairn and his workmates say they’re eager to look for and listen to Kylie as soon as the spring field season begins-and see what else she might teach us. 1．In what way are porpoises different from dolphins? A．Porpoises are bigger in size. B．Porpoises never whistle. C．Porpoises like living in groups. D．Porpoises live in fresh waters. 2．How does Kylie communicate with the porpoises? A．By touching. B．By whispering. C．By nodding her head. D．By giving out clicks. 3．What was the device used for? A．Taking clear pictures of Kylie underwater. B．Learning more about Kylie’s habitat. C．Studying the clicks made by Kylie and the porpoises. D．Examining how sea creatures interact each other. 4．What is a good way to hear an NBHF click? A．Playing it underwater. B．Playing it repeatedly. C．Playing it in a quiet place. D．Playing it a lot more slowly. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕苏格兰西海岸的一只名为Kylie的海豚展开，详细介绍了它与鼠海豚之间特殊的关系，包括Kylie在发声方式上与普通海豚不同而更像鼠海豚，科学家为了研究它们的关系借用设备记录声音并进行分析等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中“While dolphins whistle very often, porpoises never do. (虽然海豚经常发出哨声，但鼠海豚从不这样做。)”可知，海豚经常吹口哨，而鼠海豚从不吹口哨，这是它们在发声方式上的不同，故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead, she ‘’talks’ more like porpoises, which communicate using high bursts of clicks. (相反，她“说话”更像鼠海豚，鼠海豚使用高频率的咔哒声进行交流。)”可知，Kylie像鼠海豚一样通过发出一连串的咔哒声来交流，故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To learn more about Kylie’s relationship with the porpoises, scientists borrowed a device (装置) to record sounds of Kylie and porpoises when they met each other from 2016 to 2018. (为了更多地了解凯莉与鼠海豚的关系，科学家们借了一个装置，用于记录2016年至2018年凯莉和鼠海豚相遇时的声音。)”可知，该装置是用来记录Kylie和鼠海豚相遇时发出的声音，也就是研究它们发出的咔哒声，故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中“To hear an NBHF click you have to play it about one hundred times slower. (要听到一个窄带高频咔哒声，你必须把它放慢大约一百倍来播放。)”可知，要听到窄带高频（NBHF）咔哒声，需要将其播放速度放慢约一百倍，故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中） Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming. Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 12,000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts (闪电). Here’s what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning. A lot can happen in the three milliseconds it takes for a lightning bolt to course through your body. Lightning strikes may leave you with deep wounds, often accompanied with third degree burns. Your clothes might even be torn by the explosive force of the surrounding air being superheated to up to 27,700 ℃. Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin. This is a pattern of scars (伤疤) that branches out across your body like a tree. But it doesn’t end there. You might also be faced with a lifetime of neurological (神经系统的) conditions for reasons that scientists still don’t fully understand. It’s also possible that you will suffer from pain. In some cases, however, a lightning strike can lead to strange super talents. In a blog post, University of Miami neuroscientist Berit Brogaard writes about an incident where a surgeon who was struck by lightning developed an urge to learn to play the piano. He began to compose music he had started hearing in his head since the strike. This type of phenomenon confuses scientists. One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元). This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. Cool as it would be, you shouldn’t count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash. Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．1 in 12,000 may die from lightning bolts. B．Lightning attacks can heat bodies to 27,700℃. C．Branching scars are typical after lightning attacks. D．Humans are the most likely target for lightning bolts. 2．What happened to the surgeon after the strike? A．His unexplored brain areas were activated. B．His brain was left in a fixed state of death. C．He suffered a lifetime of neurological pain. D．He recalled hidden memories about music. 3．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in paragraph 5? A．The cell death due to lightning strikes. B．The flooding of brain’s neurotransmitters. C．The rewiring of brain neurons. D．The release of dying neurons. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The process of lightning formation. B．The chances of surviving a lightning strike. C．The possibility of lightning making a genius. D．The consequences of being struck by lightning. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍被闪电击中的后果。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin. This is a pattern of scars (伤疤) that branches out across your body like a tree. (血管因电击和高温而爆炸，通常会在你的皮肤上形成一种叫做利希滕贝格的形状。这是一种疤痕模式，像树一样在你的身体上分支。)”可知，闪电袭击后，皮肤上出现树枝状疤痕是很典型的情况。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元). This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. (布罗加德说，一种理论是，被闪电击中导致的细胞死亡可能会导致大脑中神经递质的一次性泛滥，这些神经递质是从垂死的神经元释放出来的。这会导致神经元的重新连接，从而进入以前无法进入的大脑区域。)”可知，这位外科医生被闪电击中后，他未探索的大脑区域被激活了。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元). This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. (布罗加德说，一种理论是，被闪电击中导致的细胞死亡可能会导致大脑中神经递质的一次性泛滥，这些神经递质是从垂死的神经元释放出来的。This会导致神经元的重新连接，从而进入以前无法进入的大脑区域。)”可知，This是指代上文提到的a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质)，即大脑神经递质的泛滥。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming. Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 12,000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts (闪电). Here’s what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning.(在天空的某个地方，闪电正在形成。虽然在你的一生中被击中的可能性大约是1/12000，但人类确实为闪电提供了一个有吸引力的目标。如果你发现自己处于闪电的路径上，你应该这样想。)”和最后一段“Cool as it would be, you shouldn’t count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash. Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life. (尽管这很酷，但你不应该指望闪电会在一瞬间把你变成天才。它的大部分结果都是痛苦的，可能会伴随你一生。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍被闪电击中的后果。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·芜湖一中·期中） Spring is the perfect time to grow things. Try one or more of these plant experiments for fun and learning. Color carnations (康乃馨) Fill a vase or glass with water and color the water with food coloring. Add a white carnation stalk and watch the plant become colorful as it “drinks” the colored water. This is a great short experiment to demonstrate how plants take in water. Root for root vegetables Find out how root vegetables form underground by planting them in a clear container. Clear jars are perfect for this, but a clear vase or other containers work just as well. First, fill the bottom of the container with small stones. Next, add potting soil. Plant root vegetable seeds in each jar. Keep the soil wet and enjoy watching the root form. Best of all, when the vegetable is done growing, you can eat it. Study speedy sunflowers Sunflower seeds sprout and grow rapidly, making this the perfect flower for impatient children and a classic preschool activity. These seeds can be started just about anywhere, even in a paper coffee cup or yogurt container. Kids love seeing the plant push its way out of the soil, wearing the seed skin like a hat! Move your plant to a flower pot after sprouting to observe the flower as it forms. Make a grass basket Grass is another seed that grows fast Make a living basket by lining a basket with plastic and filling it with potting soil. Put grass seeds on top and lightly mist them with water daily. Growing plants is a great way to enjoy some learning — and a little sunshine — in your daily routine. Try any of these inexpensive garden experiments for a fun project. 1．Which experiment should you choose if you want to see how plants absorb water? A．Color carnations. B．Make a grass basket. C．Root for root vegetables. D．Study speedy sunflowers. 2．What is special about “Root for root vegetables"? A．It needs to be done outdoors. B．It has to be carried out in a vase. C．It requires the use of food coloring. D．It allows you to enjoy the fruits of your labor. 3．What do sunflower and grass seeds have in common? A．They need little water.     B．They grow very quickly. C．They prefer clear containers.     D．They need less sunshine. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个植物生长实验。 1．细节理解题。根据Color carnations (康乃馨)中“ Fill a vase or glass with water and color the water with food coloring. Add a white carnation stalk and watch the plant become colorful as it “drinks” the colored water. This is a great short experiment to demonstrate how plants take in water.(在花瓶或玻璃杯里装满水，用食用色素给水上色。加入一根白色的康乃馨茎，看着它“喝”着彩色的水，变得五彩缤纷。这是一个展示植物如何吸收水分的简短实验)”可知，如果想了解植物是如何吸收水分的，应该选择彩色康乃馨实验。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据Root for root vegetables中“Best of all, when the vegetable is done growing, you can eat it. (最重要的是，当蔬菜生长完成后，你就可以吃了)”等内容可知，这个实验能让你享受劳动的果实。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据Study speedy sunflowers中“Sunflower seeds sprout and grow rapidly, making this the perfect flower for impatient children and a classic preschool activity. (葵花籽发芽和生长迅速，使它成为一个完美的花为不耐烦的孩子和一个经典的学前活动)” 和Make a grass basket中“Grass is another seed that grows fast Make a living basket by lining a basket with plastic and filling it with potting soil. (草是另一种长得很快的种子，用塑料内衬一个篮子，然后在篮子里填上盆栽土)”可知，向日葵和草籽都生长的很快。故选B项。 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·合肥一中·期中） Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States. Some companies in the food industry are investing (投资) even as competitors fail. California-based Plenty Unlimited this summer began working on $300 million indoor plants, while Kroger announced that it would be increasing its availability of vertically (垂直地) farmed produce. Meanwhile, two indoor farming companies that got strong backing—New Jersey’s AeroFarms and Kentucky’s AppHarvest—filed for financial failure and reorganization. And a five-year-old company in Detroit, Planted Detroit, shut its doors this summer. The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo, a grower with Eden Green Technology, an indoor farming company. “The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to,” he said. Indoor farming refers to growing crops indoors, which experts sometimes call “controlled environment agriculture”. There are different methods. One method called vertical farming involves putting produce from floor to ceiling, often under artificial lights and with the plants growing in nutrient-enriched water. Other growers are trying very large greenhouses, indoor beds of soil in big buildings and using special robots for parts of the farming process. Supporters say growing indoors uses less water and land and permits food to be grown closer to consumers, saving on transport. Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change. But critics question the sustainability (可持续性) of operations that can require a lot of energy for artificial lights. And they say paying for that light can make profitability impossible. Curt Covington of AgAmerica Lending, a private investment company centered on agriculture, is not convinced that indoor farming operations can work—except in special cases. Given the high cost of indoor operations, Covington said, “It’s just hard to be very profitable.” 1．What is Jacob Portillo’s attitude to the indoor food growing industry? A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 2．What can we learn about indoor farming? A．It takes a lot of manpower to take care of plants. B．It means growing plants in water instead of soil. C．It protects crops from increasingly extreme weather. D．It is different from controlled environment agriculture. 3．Why did Curt Covington question indoor farming operations? A．They produce little food. B．They carry great cost. C．They need sunlight. D．They lack investors. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．What Types of Food Can Be Grown Indoors? B．How Can You Grow Food Indoors Without Soil? C．Indoor Farming Companies Take Agriculture Indoors D．Indoor Food Growing Operations Face an Uncertain Future 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在美国，室内食品种植有成功也有失败。食品行业的一些公司在竞争对手失败的情况下仍在投资。文章主要说明了室内食品种植的现状以及人们对室内种植的看法，和室内种植不确定的前景。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo, a grower with Eden Green Technology, an indoor farming company. “The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to,” he said. ( Jacob Portillo是伊甸园绿色科技公司的一名种植者，该公司是一家室内农业公司。他说：“别人失败，别人成功的情况在任何行业都会发生。”)”可推断，Jacob Portillo对室内食物种植业持“肯定”的态度。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change. (室内种植也是一种保护作物免受气候变化引起的日益极端天气影响的方法)”可知，室内农业保护作物免受日益极端的天气影响。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Given the high cost of indoor operations, Covington said, “It’s just hard to be very profitable.” (考虑到室内运营的高成本，Covington说，“很难盈利。”)”可知，Covington质疑室内农业的运营是因为其成本太高。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States. Some companies in the food industry are investing (投资) even as competitors fail. (在美国，室内食品种植有成功也有失败。食品行业的一些公司在竞争对手失败的情况下仍在投资)”结合文章主要说明了室内食品种植的现状以及人们对室内种植的看法，和室内种植不确定的前景。故D选项“室内食品种植面临不确定的未来”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·宿州示范高中·期中） One day, there’ll be no need for you to brush your teeth by hand. Instead, a group of billions of nanoparticles (纳米粒子) could automatically do all that work for you. It would be especially life-changing for people who find it difficult or impossible to hold and move a toothbrush. Steager, an engineer at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun Koo, an inventor and dental researcher there, found a way to form the nanoparticles into long, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lot like the ones an a toothbrush. But these bristles shape-shift to fit whatever surface they encounter. The tooth- cleaning robot works thanks to two magnets (磁铁). One goes each side of the teeth. The nanoparticles sit in a liquid between the magnets. When the magnets are turned off, the nanoparticles move randomly in the liquid. As soon as one magnet gets turned on, the nanoparticles gather together near its center. When the researchers turn on the other magnet and turn off the first one, the nanoparticles extend outward in long, skinny bristles. When there’s a tooth in the way, these bristles can’t stretch out as far as they want. So they push against the tooth’s surface. If there’s a gap between teeth, they push into the gap. Moving the magnets makes the bristles move against and between teeth. All that motion cleans the teeth. As a bonus, the nanoparticles also have strong power to kill viruses. The new device is just a proof of concept. The researchers still need to turn it into a product that people will want to use. “There’s a lot of engineering to get from here to there, but every good idea needs to have a start.” says Steager. 1．What is special about the tooth cleaner? A．It’s water-resistant. B．It looks like a toothbrush. C．It’s appearance-changeable. D．It contains skinny bristles. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The bristles’ formation. B．The working principle. C．The virus-killing process. D．The magnets’ motion. 3．How does Steager feel about the future of the device? A．Uncertain. B．Unfavorable. C．Concerned. D．Positive. 4．Which of the following would be the best title? A．A Shape-Shifting Robotic Tooth Cleaner B．Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tooth Growth C．A New Concept for Automatic Health Care D．An Antibacteria Liquid Tooth cleaner for Adults 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种利用纳米粒子和磁力的新概念自清洁牙齿技术。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Steager, an engineer at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun Koo, an inventor and dental researcher there, found a way to form the nanoparticles into long, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lot like the ones an a toothbrush. But these bristles shape-shift to fit whatever surface they encounter.(Steager是宾夕法尼亚大学费城分校的一名工程师，而 Hyun Koo 则是那里的发明家和牙科研究员，他们找到了一种方法，可以将纳米颗粒形成长而细的刷毛，非常类似于牙刷上的刷毛。但这些刷毛能够变形以适应它们遇到的任何表面)”可知，牙刷的特殊之处是其刷毛能够改变形状。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“The tooth- cleaning robot works thanks to two magnets (磁铁). One goes each side of the teeth. The nanoparticles sit in a liquid between the magnets. When the magnets are turned off, the nanoparticles move randomly in the liquid. As soon as one magnet gets turned on, the nanoparticles gather together near its center.(这个牙齿清洁机器人依靠两块磁铁工作。一块磁铁位于牙齿的一侧，另一块位于另一侧。纳米颗粒悬浮在两块磁铁之间的液体中。当磁铁关闭时，纳米颗粒在液体中随机移动。而当其中一块磁铁启动时，纳米颗粒会聚集到该磁铁的中心附近)”可知，第三段详细描述了牙齿清洁机器人的工作原理，通过磁铁使纳米颗粒成形并打扫牙齿。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The new device is just a proof of concept. The researchers still need to turn it into a product that people will want to use. “There’s a lot of engineering to get from here to there, but every good idea needs to have a start.” says Steager.(这个新装置只是一个概念验证。研究人员还需要将其变成人们愿意使用的产品。“从这里到那里还有很多工程要做，但每一个好主意都需要有一个开始。”Steager说)”可知，Steager认为虽然还有好长的路要走，但这个新装置是一个好的开始。由此可推知，他对该装置的未来持积极态度。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“Steager, an engineer at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun Koo, an inventor and dental researcher there, found a way to form the nanoparticles into long, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lot like the ones an a toothbrush. But these bristles shape-shift to fit whatever surface they encounter.(Steager 是宾夕法尼亚大学费城分校的一名工程师，而 Hyun Koo 则是那里的发明家和牙科研究员，他们找到了一种方法，可以将纳米颗粒形成长而细的刷毛，非常类似于牙刷上的刷毛。但这些刷毛能够变形以适应它们遇到的任何表面)”可知，文章主要介绍了由工程师Steager和研究者Hyun Koo开发的一种利用纳米粒子形状变化来清洁牙齿的机器人装置的设计原理和潜力。所以“一种变形机器人洁牙器”适合作本文的标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·宿州示范高中·期中） A famous American poet Robert Frost once said, “Poetry is what gets lost in translation. ”But XuYuanchong, well-known Chinese translator, had tried to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life. His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation, “You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm, but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty, which is quite impressive.” Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French. He was also the first Asian winner of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature. Xu was known to be very fastidious in his work. For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation. Through Xu’s translations, time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the world. For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama. Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m., sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue.“ Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,” Xu said. 1．What does the text tell us about Xu Yuanchong? A．He mastered at least three foreign languages. B．He translated about 100 Chinese works into English. C．He was the first winner of the Aurora Borcalis Prize. D．He was widely known for his translated rhymed verses. 2．What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Particular. B．Satisfied. C．Inventive. D．Productive. 3．Why does the author give the example in Paragraph 4? A．To recommend Xu’s translation works. B．To stress the charm of Chinese poetry. C．To show Xu’s great translation skills. D．To prove the wisdom of the ancient Chinese. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Xu? A．Thoughtful and modest. B．Generous and objective C．Creative and open-minded. D．Devoted and hard-working. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国著名翻译家许渊冲对于翻译的贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French.(自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者。最值得注意的是，他将中国诗歌翻译成英语和法语的押韵诗)”可知，他以翻译押韵诗而广为人知。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation.(对他来说，英语是一种“科学”语言，需要精确，而汉语是一种“艺术”语言，包含更广泛的内容。遵循这一原则，他在翻译中既保持了意义上的忠实，又保持了情感上的美)”可知，本段主要讲述了许渊冲先生在他的翻译中不仅追求“直”也追求“美”，由此可推知，他在翻译时是极其严谨和注重细节的。fastidious意为“讲究的，挑剔的”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama.(例如，当美国前总统Barack Obama在其任期内试图启动一项医疗保健项目时，一些参议员起初表示反对。但在阅读了许翻译的《江雪》这首诗后，一位参议员被这位渔夫的独立思考所打动，选择放弃党派路线，转而支持奥巴马)”可推知，本段是为了说明许渊冲的翻译技巧之高。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad.(自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者)”以及最后一段“Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m., sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue. ‘Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,’ Xu said.(取得如此大的成就后，许保持着常规。他每天翻译大约1000个单词，工作到凌晨3、4点，睡3个小时左右，早上6点起床继续工作。‘翻译是与作者心灵交流的一种方式。突然闪现的一个好词或一条好线让我的每一个毛孔和每一寸皮肤都兴奋不已。’许说)”可推知，许渊冲热衷于翻译事业且非常努力。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高二上·宿州示范高中·期中） Young children often benefit from the structure and routine of a traditional classroom setting. On the other hand, older students may find that they learn better when given the freedom to explore material at their own pace. In order to provide the full benefit of online learning, educators must be aware of the needs of their students and therefore tailor their instruction. As anyone who has tried to learn from videos knows, it can be difficult to search, obtain, and sum up important information. In response to this, Hari Subramonyam, a research professor, and his two colleagues, have developed a new app called VideoSticker which uses artificial intelligence (AI). The app uses AI to automatically identify and trim (整理) objects out of video lessons and place them into a note-taking area. In addition to capturing images, VideoSticker also pulls in key text, joining it with the imagery. This way, students can easily handle images and text and add those elements in their own explanations. As a result, the app turns the passive experience of watching a video into an active one with lots of enthusiasm and determination, which helps students to better engage with the material and remember the information. The test of VideoSticker’s effectiveness was conducted with 10 graduate and undergraduate students. During the test, the students completed a 75- to 90-minute note-taking session of a biology class. The researchers reported positive feedback from participants, with particular praise to VideoSticker’s flexibility in navigating between notes and video content. Next up, the team will partner with other educators to further evaluate and improve VideoSticker before making the tool fully available commercially. With more and more people turning to videos for educational content, apps like VideoSticker could help to make the learning process easier and more efficient. Other education-based innovations we have spotted recently include an app that lets students upload maths problems through their phones, as well as a platform for students with learning differences and a tool that identifies struggling readers sooner. 1．Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 1? A．teach B．satisfy C．create D．adapt 2．How do students feel when learning on VideoSticker? A．Thoughtful and focused. B．Energetic and involved. C．Helpful and encouraged. D．Confident and determined 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．More burden is laid on students. B．More practice bases are to be developed. C．More education innovation come into being. D．More people begin to make education videos. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．An available method makes students improve study efficiency. B．An AI tool makes it easy for students to take notes from videos. C．An advanced app makes students interact well with the teachers. D．A piece of important information makes students benefit from education. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款可以帮助学生在视频学习中做笔记的人工智能应用程序。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“In order to provide the full benefit of online learning, educators must be aware of the needs of their students(为了提供在线学习的全部好处，教育者必须了解学生的需求)”可知，教育者了解学生的需求，是为了调整他们的教学。划线处和D项：adapt (调整)含义相近。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“As a result, the app turns the passive experience of watching a video into an active one with lots of enthusiasm and determination, which helps students to better engage with the material and remember the information.(因此，该应用程序将观看视频的被动体验变成了充满热情和决心的主动体验，这有助于学生更好地参与材料和记忆信息。)”可知，VideoSticker这款应用程序使学生们对学习过程更有热情和决心，也能使学生们更好地投入到所学材料中，由此推知，它可以让学生们精力更充沛，更投入。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Other education-based innovations we have spotted recently include an app that lets students upload maths problems through their phones, as well as a platform for students with learning differences and a tool that identifies struggling readers sooner.(我们最近发现的其他基于教育的创新包括一个让学生通过手机上传数学问题的应用程序，以及一个为学习差异学生提供的平台，以及一个能更快识别阅读困难的工具。)”可推知，更多用于教育的创新正在涌现。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第二段“As anyone who has tried to learn from videos knows, it can be difficult to search, obtain, and sum up important information. In response to this, Hari Subramonyam, a research professor, and his two colleagues, have developed a new app called VideoSticker which uses artificial intelligence (AI).(任何试图从视频中学习的人都知道，搜索、获取和总结重要信息是很困难的。对此，研究教授Hari Subramonyam和他的两位同事开发了一款名为videoticker的新应用程序，该应用程序使用人工智能)”以及后文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一款可以帮助学生在视频学习中做笔记的人工智能应用程序 VideoSticker，由此可知B项：An AI tool makes it easy for students to take notes from videos. (一种人工智能工具可以让学生很容易地从视频中做笔记)最适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·宿州示范高中·期中） Not only is sleep a common topic of our small talk, we’ve also spent decades trying to understand and explain it. After all, we spend an average of 26 years of our lives sleeping. Here are the important findings of the last decade of research. A particularly interesting finding is in the study of lucid dreaming (清醒梦)— it seems possible to communicate with people while they’re sleeping. In a study called “Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers”, researchers asked questions to participants (参与者) in a lucid dream. The dreamers signaled the answers using pre-agreed eye or facial movements. They were accurate, suggesting they could access their cognitive (认知) functions such as working memory while sleeping. This interaction between dreamworld and reality has brought excitement to sleep experts. Sleep can also help our memory and problem-solving. A 2023 research by Denis and Cairney noted that brain regions that are used to learn new things, are reactivated during sleep. That means that while we’re sleeping, our brains go over our daily experiences, which is considered important for keeping memories. And, if you’ve ever felt it was best to sleep on a tricky problem and solve it in the morning, you might have scientific backing! A 2019 study by Sanders found that people were more likely to solve a tricky problem the next day if the problem had been activated in their brains during sleep. So, if you’re stuck, rest up and return to it in the morning. What if you’ve trouble falling asleep? Unfortunately, you may be at higher risk of negative moods and worse emotional regulation, according to a 2021 study. The good news is there are plenty of tips to help you overcome your sleep difficulty. Experts recommend having a set time to start lying down, meditating (冥想) before bed, and avoiding caffeine before bed. 1．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Dreaming has little connection to reality. B．Lucid dreaming is a common experience. C．People can communicate with others while dreaming. D．People can control their dreams in lucid dreaming. 2．What does Denis and Cairney’s research suggest? A．Sleep helps the brain learn better. B．People dream a lot during their sleep. C．Lack of sleep has negative effect on mood. D．People forget most of daily events during sleep. 3．Why might sleeping help solve problems? A．The brain learns better at night. B．The brain has a good rest during sleep. C．Sleeping allows the brain to process daily events, D．Sleepers have more time to think about the problem. 4．What is recommended to improve sleep quality? A．Have a regular bedtime routine. B．Exercise for some time before bed. C．Stay awake for longer during the day. D．Avoid talking about sleep in the daytime. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中） Everyone has their own way to “recharge” their sense of well-being — something that makes them feel good physically, emotionally, and spiritually even if they aren’t consciously aware of it. Personally, I know that few things can improve my day as quickly as a walk around the block or even just getting up from my desk and doing some push-ups. A hike through the woods is ideal when I can make it happen. But that’s me. It’s not simply that I enjoy these activities but also that they literally make me feel better and clear my mind. Mental health and physical health are closely connected. No kidding — what’s good for the body is often good for the mind. Knowing what you can do physically that has this effect for you will change your day and your life. Physical activity has many well-established mental health benefits. These are published in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans and include improved brain health and cognitive function (the ability to think, if you will), a reduced risk of anxiety and depression, and improved sleep and overall quality of life. Although not a cure-all, increasing physical activity directly contributes to improved mental health and better overall health and well-being. Learning how to routinely manage stress and getting screened for depression are simply good prevention practices. Awareness is especially critical at this time of year when disruptions to healthy habits and choices can be more likely and more annoying. Shorter days and colder temperatures have a way of interrupting routines — as do the holidays, with both their joys and their stresses. When the plentiful sunshine and clear skies of temperate months give way to unpredictable weather, less daylight, and festive gatherings, it may happen unconsciously or seem natural to be upset from being as physically active. However, that tendency is precisely why it’s so important that we are ever more mindful of our physical and emotional health — and how we can maintain both — during this time of year. 1．What’s the author’s best way to recharge his well-being? A．High-intensity exercise. B．Sitting at the desk. C．Staying nearby woods. D．Slight exercise. 2．What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A．Physical activity is closely connected with mental health. B．Increasing physical activity has no cure to brain health. C．Physical activity has a risk of anxiety and depression. D．Good quality of life leaves little time for physical activity. 3．What does the underlined word “disruptions” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Achievements. B．Improvements. C．Disturbances. D．Contributions. 4．Why does the author mention shorter days, colder temperatures and festivals? A．To remind us of the hard times of life. B．To let us mind physical and mental health. C．To tell what kind of life we all experience. D．To tell us many things are unpredictable. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·马鞍山二中·期中） A Harvard research team’s first model of a portable exosuit (机械护甲) is made of cloth components worn on the waist and upper legs. A computer that’s built into the shorts can sense when the user shifts between walking and running. Say the word “exosuit” and super heroes come to mind-somebody like Tony Stark from Marvel Comics, whose fancy suit enables him to become Iron Man. But scientists at Harvard University have been developing an actual exosuit, a wearable machine that can improve an average man’s strength and toughness. This model improves a wearer’s performance while he is walking or running. The lead researcher Conor Walsh says when you put on his team’s suit, you definitely notice that it’s pulling across your joints, so you feel the drive from the suit. But after a while, you don’t really notice it anymore. The suit helps to extend the hip joint, saving the user’s energy. Though you might not notice it, when you shut the suit off after a few minutes of having it turned on, Walsh says, “You really quickly notice that your legs feel a little bit heavier.” Walsh says, “This suit could be helpful for a soldier carrying heavy weights over long distances.” Research on the suit was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which is part of the United States Department of Defense and develops military technology. “Other future models might help people with medical problems like Parkinson’s disease to move more easily,” he says. “My lab cooperates with a company on a suit to help stroke survivors that is now commercially available.” Karl Zelik, an assistant professor at Vanderbilt University, calls the team’s effort “promising work”. Zelik says it will enhance human abilities during various aspects of daily life. However, he notes that the exosuit field is changing fast. In the future, he says, the best assist devices may not be exosuits at all, but rather technology put inside a person’s body. He predicts that future wearables will also be able to figure out the wearer’s movement intention, and influence it when necessary to improve human performance. 1．What may the exosuit do? A．Cover the user’s wrist and upper legs. B．Sharpen a wearer’s performance of walking C．Enable a person to become a superhero. D．Sense the user’s shift from walking to running. 2．How will people feel when they take the suit off after wearing it for a few minutes? A．Their legs may feel a little heavier. B．Their body may not feel anything strange. C．Their joints will feel pulled by some strength. D．Their body may feel the driving force from it. 3．What do Walsh’s words in Paragraph 4 suggest? A．The suit can safeguard soldiers in the distance. B．He works directly for American military force. C．A certain model of a suit can be purchased now. D．Current models benefit Patients with Parkinson. 4．What’s Zelik’s attitude towards the future of exosuits? A．Promising. B．Indifferent. C．Hopeless. D．Objective. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·合肥一六八中学·期中） Making eye contact with a robot can be a very strange experience. Scientists even have a name for the feeling: the “mysterious valley”. Now, researchers at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) in Italy have found that it is more than just a feeling. They ran an experiment that showed how a robot’s gaze (凝视) can trick people into thinking they are socially interacting with a human being. That experience can slow a person’s ability to make decisions. “The gaze is an extremely important social signal,” said the lead writer, Professor Agnieszka Wykowska, “The question is whether the robot’ s gaze will cause very similar mechanisms (机制) in the human brain as a human’s gaze would.” The team asked 40 participants to play a video game of “chicken”. Each player had to decide whether to permit a car to run straight toward another car or to turn to avoid a crash. The people played against a human-like robot sitting across from them. During breaks in the game, players had to look at the robot. Sometimes the robot would look back and at other times it would look away. As the interactions happened, the scientists collected data on participants’ behavior and brain activity. “Our results show the gaze of the robot had an impact on the way humans made decisions and humans’ responses, so humans were much slower in making decisions in the game,” Wykowska said. Given that the robot is designed to copy the shape and appearance of people, it’s not altogether surprising perhaps that its gaze can influence people’s attention. The findings could be useful for deciding where and how human-like robots might be placed. “When we understand when and how robots change people’s social behavior, then we can decide in which sort of context (环境) this is desirable and beneficial for humans and in which context something should not occur,” Wykowska said. 1．What did the robots do when participants looked at them during breaks? A．They sat among the participants for a while. B．They made eye contact with the participants. C．They greeted the participants in a polite way. D．They had a chat with the participants. 2．What is the key point of the study according to Wykowska? A．How humans can control robots. B．How robots react to human’s gaze. C．Whether robots and humans can think the same way. D．Whether robots’ gaze can have the same impact as humans’. 3．How should the player deal with the car in the game? A．Whether it should keep away from another car. B．When it should be filled up with gas. C．What speed it should run at. D．Where it should be parked. 4．What do the findings intend to state? A．The working principle of human-like robots. B．The application strategy of human-like robots. C．The perfection of human-like robots’ actions. D．The improvement of human-like robots’ assessment. Passage 5 （24-25高二上·马鞍山二中·期中） The way we listen to music has changed. Our parents and grandparents listened to music recorded on old vinyl records (黑胶唱片) played on an expensive record player. In 1982, SONY invented CDs which were smaller and much easier to store than vinyl records. Nearly overnight, the life of vinyl came to an end. Soon after, we all got mobile phones and began to access music online. Today, we can easily listen to anything we want to. Some of the greatest music we have ever heard was originally recorded on vinyl. For example, the Beatles recorded all their music on vinyl in the 1950s and 1960s. All those years ago, many people had large collections of records which filled their homes. One such person was Bob George. He started his career as a DJ and record producer. He loved to collect vinyl records and owned 47, 000 of them! Because vinyl records were quite large, he knew that they were often thrown away when people needed more space. He decided he would like to collect every piece of music written after 1945. It would be a collection of a very important part of our musical heritage (遗产). Word of Bob’s ambition spread around the music industry. In 1985, A-Square Records called him asking for help. They had 150, 000 vinyl records. The house where they were stored was sinking under their weigh! Bob was happy to take the records off their hands, and his archive (档案馆) began to grow. Bob called it the Archive of Contemporary Music. He also included in his collection old photos, books and other valuable things. Many professional musicians have been able to help with the archive. It is also used when it comes to choosing music for new films. Tom Hanks spent hours researching music for his film “That Thing You Do!”. Today, the archive is home to over 3, 000, 000 sound records and 90 million songs. It requires a huge amount of space and the hunt is now on for a bigger place. It’s a dream world for any music lover. We hope that space will be found and the collection can continue to grow. 1．Why does the author write the first paragraph? A．To introduce a topic for discussion. B．To summarize the development of technology. C．To inspire people to store vinyl records. D．To provide background information. 2．What can we know about Bob? A．He only collects vinyl records. B．He is passionate about music. C．He was interested in collecting CDs. D．He began his career as a collector. 3．What can be learned about the Archive of Contemporary Music? A．It is run by the government. B．It includes the Beatles’ records. C．It is developing not at a fast speed. D．It takes over A-Square Records’ records. 4．What does the author think of the archive? A．It excites people’s interest in films. B．It will make money for Bob George. C．It will make some big adjustments. D．It is precious for music enthusiasts. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·皖豫名校联盟·期中） As summer vacation approached, the students at Roberta T. Smith Elementary School were eagerly awaiting their favorite part of the day: a class on mental health. Instead of rushing to lunch, the children closed their eyes and moved their thumbs (拇指) from their foreheads to their hearts, guided by their teacher, Kim Franklin. “Listen to the clock,” she instructed. “Remember to breathe.” Across the United States, schools like Smith Elementary have been introducing mental health classes that include yoga, mediation (冥想) , and mindfulness exercises alongside traditional school subjects. This change comes in response to the increasing mental health struggles faced by American students. In 2023, the U. S. CDC (美国疾控中心) reported that over one-third of students experienced more feelings of sadness and hopelessness. The CDC recommended mindfulness practices as a tool to help students manage stress and emotions. Research indicates that school-based mindfulness programs are particularly beneficial in low- income communities, where a large number of students face a high level of stress. More than two-thirds of Smith Elementary’s students come from poor families. The CDC data shows that these teenagers have the fastest-growing rate of stress-related problems. Nationwide, they have limited access to mental health professionals, even in schools. The Inner Explorer program, carried out in over100 school systems across the U. S., guides students and teachers through five-to ten- minute periods of breathing, meditation, and reflection several times a day. Teachers and administrators have observed positive changes in their students since mixing mindfulness into their studies. Malachi Smith, a student of 9, has been practicing the exercises at home under his father’s guidance. “You can relax… and when I calm myself down, I realize I am an excellent learner,” Malachi shared. Similarly, Aniyah Woods, also 9, a student in Kim Franklin’s class, said the program has helped her “calm down” and “reduce her stress”. She added, “It brought me a sense of peace.” 1．What’s the author’s purpose in describing the scene in paragraph 1? A．To lead in the topic. B．To share a personal experience. C．To introduce a new teaching method. D．To present an argument. 2．What has caused some American schools to set mental health classes? A．The CDC’s requirements. B．The pressure from school leaders. C．The growing mental challenges faced by students. D．The increasing concern about students’ performance in study. 3．Which of the following statements may the author agree with? A．Teenagers from rich families seldom meet with mental stress. B．Mindfulness programs should have been carried out earlier. C．There has already been obvious improvement in students’ mental health. D．The poorer a student’s family is, the more stress he suffers from. 4．What’s Aniyah’s attitude towards the school- based mindfulness program? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Supportive. 主题03 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·皖豫名校联盟·期中） Microplastics, or tiny particles (微粒) of plastic that can be as small as one-thousandth of a millimeter, are found everywhere: in the ocean, in the air, and even in our food. Scientists have even discovered them in human body tissues like the heart, liver, and kidneys. While there’s no clear evidence (证据) yet that microplastics harm human health, researchers are concerned about their possible effects. Plastic is made from oil or other petroleum products and is used to create a wide range of things, from water bottles and car parts to children’s toys and clothing. Over time, heat, weather, and even animal digestion break down plastic into smaller pieces, creating microplastics. Researchers are still trying to understand how much plastic we might be taking in or consuming through our food and drinks. Many studies have found traces (痕迹) of plastics in the human body. Tracey Woodruff, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, noted that microplastics have been discovered in almost all body tissues studied. In 2022, a World Health Organization report stated that there was no clear risk to human health from microplastics, based on the evidence available. However, since research on this topic is relatively new, the full impact of microplastics on human health remains vague. Some studies suggest that plastics can cause inflammation and other bodily changes, likely increasing the risk of heart attacks. To reduce exposure (接触) to microplastics, researchers suggest several steps. Remove your shoes before entering your home to prevent spreading microplastics indoors. Choose home-prepared foods, especially fresh fruits and vegetables. Avoid heating foods in plastic containers and choose metal or glass water bottles instead of plastic ones. These simple actions can help reduce your contact with these tiny, and harmful particles. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The rapid spread of microplastics. B．The forming process of microplastics. C．The benefits of plastics in various industries. D．The influence of plastics on the environment. 2．What does the underlined word “vague” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Uncertain. B．Obvious. C．Unchanged. D．Far-reaching. 3．What is recommended to reduce exposure to microplastics according to the text? A．Changing clothes after doing housework. B．Avoiding using plastic bags when shopping. C．Thinking twice before consuming processed foods. D．Replacing plastic containers with metal ones. 4．What’s a suitable title for the text? A．Are microplastics harmful? B．Should microplastics be removed from our life? C．Joint effort is needed to deal with microplastics. D．Microplastics are becoming a tough problem. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·皖豫名校联盟·期中） Tree rings, which serve as a record of the tree’s growth, play an important part in researching the climate and environment for scientists. A study in the scientific publication Nature uses a well-established method and record of more than 10,000 tree rings to figure out summertime temperatures for each year since year 1. No year came even close to last summer’s high heat, said the study’s lead writer, Jan Esper of the Gutenberg Research College in Germany. Esper’s paper showed that in the Northern Hemisphere, the summer of 2023 was as much as 1.2 degrees Celsius warmer than the summer of year 246, which was believed to have gone through the hottest summer before modern times. In fact, 25 of the last 28 years have been hotter than that summer, said study co-writer Max Torbenson. The team used thousands of trees in 15 different places in the Northern Hemisphere, where there was enough data to get a good measure going back to year 1. There was not quite enough tree data in the Southern Hemisphere to publish, but even the limited data showed similar results. Scientists looked at the rings of yearly tree growth to then give yearly dates to every ring. But outside experts had questions about the study. Climate scientist Michael Mann wondered why researchers stopped their look back at year1. Mann suggested other temperature estimates (估算) go back more than 20,000 years. He said just using tree rings is “considerably less reliable (可靠的)” than looking at all sorts of other data, including ice cores, corals and more. However, Esper said his new study only uses tree data because it is exact enough to provide summer-by-summer temperature estimates, which cannot be done with corals, ice cores and other data sources. “Tree rings are of higher resolution (清晰度),” he said. The worldwide temperature records set last summer were so high “that it’s not surprising they would… clearly be the warmest in the past 2,000 years,” said another climate scientist Zeke Hausfather, who was not part of the study. “It’s likely the warmest summer in 120,000 years, though we cannot be absolutely sure,” he added, because data exact to a year does not go back that far. 1．What is the focus of the study in Nature? A．Comparing the temperatures of different seasons. B．Examining tree rings to determine summer temperatures. C．Researching tree growth in the Southern Hemisphere. D．Estimating future temperature tendencies. 2．Why is year 246 mentioned in the text? A．It marked the start of tree data. B．It was the year when people started to record temperatures. C．It is thought of as the beginning of significant climate change. D．It represented the highest level in a certain range. 3．Why did Michael Mann question the study? A．Its data source was limited. B．Its conclusion didn’t match the fact. C．It ignored the impact of human activity. D．It didn’t involve enough climate experts. 4．What did Zeke Hausfather think of the findings of the study? A．Groundless. B．Unsatisfying. C．Understandable. D．Innovative. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·江淮名校·期中） Do fish have a home? European bass, an important fish in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean, spend a lot of time in coastal areas like estuaries (港湾) and sheltered bays. However, these coastal areas are at high risk from human activities. It takes baby European bass a long time to grow into adults and they tend to stay in the estuary they live in until they are fully grown. So if their habitat gets damaged, they don’t just move to another estuary. How and when baby European bass use different coastal areas? We hope our results can help dentify areas that will protect these fish, which contribute to the whole population increase. We caught 146 European bass in three protected nursery sites in the Southwest UK. We placed an acoustic (听觉的) tag inside each fish and then released it. We placed 78 receiver instruments throughout the nursery sites. Whenever a fish got close to a receiver, it recorded the time, date, and fish ID．We tracked fish movement like this for a year. We used our data to determine how much time fish spent at the protected nursery site they were originally caught in, or when they moved into other unprotected coastal areas. We also calculated if these movements were related to fish size. Seasonal differences between the various nursery sites were clear. We found all fish had wider movements at some point. Some visited neighboring estuaries. The most adventurous individuals traveled to Wales, over 300 km (200 mi) away. 45% of wider movements were in the winter. Many of these fish were from the Dart Estuary. Most of them returned to their original nursery by the end of our study. 55% of fish stayed in their original nursery during the winter. We also found that residence time varied between nursery sites, but it was not related to fish size. Our study showed that European bass generally like to stay close to coastal nursery sites. Even most fish that had long coastal movements tended to return to their original nursery. These patterns were not related to fish size. This means coastal nursery habitats are important for them at lots of different ages. It also means they are important year-round. If we want to help fish populations, we need to protect these nursery habitats. 1．Why did the author do the research? A．To find out the route of the fish movement. B．To work out more ways to protect the fish. C．To figure out the importance of protecting the coastal area. D．To check out the differences between different nursery sites. 2．What is the function of receiver instruments? A．Protecting the fish. B．Tracking the presence of the fish. C．Showing the moving track of the fish. D．Measuring the protected nursery area. 3．What can we conclude from the result? A．The bigger the fish is, the longer the residence time. B．The residence time has no difference in different nursery sites. C．Coastal nursery habitats are only important for the fish at a young age. D．Even most fish having voyages farther tended to return to their original nursery. 4．What will be talked about after the last paragraph? A．Other studies about the coastal nursery habitats. B．The reasons to protect the coastal nursery habitats. C．The measures to protect the coastal nursery habitats. D．Other factors influencing the coastal nursery habitats. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中） There’s no doubt that cats love to play. While some pet parents settle for having their kitties run around the house, others like to tend their cat friends with specialized furniture. Luckily, more and more companies are offering designs with a stylish, minimalist edge that almost doesn’t even look like cat furniture. One such design is Nami, a multifunctional fixture created by Mau. On its own, Nami looks like an abstract artwork— half sculpture, half wall decoration. But once your cat comes across it, you’ll see it transform into a wooden house for your cat. The clever design is inspired by the fluent elegance of ocean movements, taking its name from the Japanese word for “wave”. “The finely sanded, butter-smooth wooden beds are complemented (相得益彰) by gradual wave-like steps, offering your cats a comfortable and stylish place to relax and unwind,” May explains. “Even when unoccupied, it stands as a remarkable decorative addition to your space.”   The company’s mission to marry form and function shines through Nami’s design. “Adapt an extraordinary connection of art and comfort, and transform what it means to be a cat lover with this exceptional piece.”                   Nami is also easy to fix thanks to its French cleat (防滑钉) system. With a width of 27.25 inches and height of 32.75 inches, its proportions (比例) are similar to those of a large poster. As for the kitties, Nami can comfortably hold cats weighing up to 18 pounds, with its wooden beds and wave-like steps offering a considerate space for catnaps. Since it’s still a piece of cat furniture, designers have also made it easy to clean with a damp cloth. If this sounds perfect for your cat, you can now order Nami on Mau’s website. To explore more of the company’s stylish cat furniture ideas, you can follow Mau on Instagram. 1．What’s the purpose of the author telling people’s treating cats? A．To introduce the topic to be discussed. B．To tell people’s feeling to their cats. C．To explain the right attitudes to cats. D．To advise people to make room for cats. 2．What’s the characteristic of Nami? A．It provides large living space. B．It can float on the ocean waves. C．It integrates art and practicality. D．It’s easy to remove when unoccupied. 3．What does paragraph 5 intend to tell us about Nami? A．Its cost. B．Its materials. C．Its size. D．Its convenience. 4．The whole text is intended to ______. A．tell the development of technology B．advertise a product C．tell people’s love for their cats D．inform the inspiration from the ocean 主题01 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·宿州示范高中·期中） The government of Singapore has created a highly developed system that turns wastewater into drinking water. The system involves a network of tunnels and high technology treatment centers. The system helps reduce ocean pollution, as only a small amount of the treated water is sent into the sea. The United Nations estimates that 80 percent of the world’s wastewater flows back into the oceans without being treated or reused. Singapore has few natural water sources. The island nation has long had to depend mostly on supplies from neighboring Malaysia. Low Pei Chin, an expert, told reporters, “Singapore lacks natural resources, and it is limited in space, which is why we are always looking for ways to explore water sources and stretch our water supply. One major plan is to collect every drop and reuse endlessly.” Parts of the water treatment center are underground. Wastewater enters the center through a 48- kilometer tunnel that is linked to sewers. The center contains a large system of steel pipes, tubes, tanks, cleaning systems and other machinery. It can treat up to 900 million liters of wastewater a day. In one building, a network of air flow systems has been put in place to keep the air smelling as fresh as possible. Waste that arrives at the plant goes through a cleaning process before powerful pumps send it flowing to areas above ground for more treatment. There, the treated water receives additional cleaning. Bacteria and viruses are removed through highly developed cleaning processes and then disinfected with ultraviolet radiation (紫外线). Singapore is also in the process of expanding its recycling system. The country will add another underground tunnel and a major water treatment center to serve the western half of the island. Officials expect work on the center to be completed by 2025. By the time the expansion is finished, Singapore will have spent about $7.4 billion on its water treatment systems. 1．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A．The world’s oceans are polluted by wastewater. B．Only a small amount of the treated water is suitable to drink. C．Wastewater is usually treated before being sent into the oceans. D．80 percent of the water in the oceans can be used as drinking water. 2．What can we know from the passage? A．Singapore plans to get help from Malaysia. B．The wastewater is cleaned underground in the whole process. C．900 million liters of wastewater can be cleaned in the center a day. D．The recycled water enters the sea through a highly developed system. 3．How are bacteria and viruses of treated water removed? A．Purifying water by itself. B．Through a special kind of chemical. C．With ultraviolet radiation. D．Through cleaning processes and disinfection. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Singapore turns wastewater into drinking water. B．Collect and rescue: the future of Singapore. C．The importance of sea water in Singapore. D．Water source protection matters. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·安徽池州·期中） On Scotland’s west coast is the Firth of Clyde, a large home to thousands of porpoises(海豚) and one dolphin named Kylie. Kylie hasn’t been observed with other common dolphins in at least 14 years but she’s far from alone. On clear days in the Clyde, visitors to the marina can sometimes see Kylie swimming with porpoises, which are about two-thirds her size. New research suggests Kylie’s ties to porpoises are closer than scientists imagined. While a common dolphin’s vocal(发声的) ability should include a diverse range of clicks, whistles (口哨声)，and etc. , Kylie doesn’t whistle. Instead, she “talks” more like porpoises, which communicate using high bursts of clicks. “The study suggests that she may be communicating with the porpoises, or at least attempting to. It’s part of a growing body of work that shows a rich world of interactions(互动) between different species of dolphins, Clearly, species in the wild interact much more than we thought,” says dolphin behaviour expert Denise Herzing. To learn more about Kylie’s relationship with the porpoises, scientists borrowed a device (装置) to record sounds of Kylie and porpoises when they met each other from 2016 to 2018. “She’s definitely identified as a porpoise,” says Nairn, who trained as a sea biologist in college. Researchers also studied thousands of dolphins clicks from the recordings carefully. While dolphins whistle very often, porpoises never do. Instead, they communicate with what are called narrow-band, high-frequency (NBHF) clicks. To hear an NBHF click you have to play it about one hundred times slower. Ever since February 2021, Kylie has been missing. Nairn says he can’t help but worry. Nairn and his workmates say they’re eager to look for and listen to Kylie as soon as the spring field season begins-and see what else she might teach us. 1．In what way are porpoises different from dolphins? A．Porpoises are bigger in size. B．Porpoises never whistle. C．Porpoises like living in groups. D．Porpoises live in fresh waters. 2．How does Kylie communicate with the porpoises? A．By touching. B．By whispering. C．By nodding her head. D．By giving out clicks. 3．What was the device used for? A．Taking clear pictures of Kylie underwater. B．Learning more about Kylie’s habitat. C．Studying the clicks made by Kylie and the porpoises. D．Examining how sea creatures interact each other. 4．What is a good way to hear an NBHF click? A．Playing it underwater. B．Playing it repeatedly. C．Playing it in a quiet place. D．Playing it a lot more slowly. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中） Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming. Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 12,000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts (闪电). Here’s what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning. A lot can happen in the three milliseconds it takes for a lightning bolt to course through your body. Lightning strikes may leave you with deep wounds, often accompanied with third degree burns. Your clothes might even be torn by the explosive force of the surrounding air being superheated to up to 27,700 ℃. Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin. This is a pattern of scars (伤疤) that branches out across your body like a tree. But it doesn’t end there. You might also be faced with a lifetime of neurological (神经系统的) conditions for reasons that scientists still don’t fully understand. It’s also possible that you will suffer from pain. In some cases, however, a lightning strike can lead to strange super talents. In a blog post, University of Miami neuroscientist Berit Brogaard writes about an incident where a surgeon who was struck by lightning developed an urge to learn to play the piano. He began to compose music he had started hearing in his head since the strike. This type of phenomenon confuses scientists. One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元). This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. Cool as it would be, you shouldn’t count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash. Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．1 in 12,000 may die from lightning bolts. B．Lightning attacks can heat bodies to 27,700℃. C．Branching scars are typical after lightning attacks. D．Humans are the most likely target for lightning bolts. 2．What happened to the surgeon after the strike? A．His unexplored brain areas were activated. B．His brain was left in a fixed state of death. C．He suffered a lifetime of neurological pain. D．He recalled hidden memories about music. 3．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in paragraph 5? A．The cell death due to lightning strikes. B．The flooding of brain’s neurotransmitters. C．The rewiring of brain neurons. D．The release of dying neurons. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The process of lightning formation. B．The chances of surviving a lightning strike. C．The possibility of lightning making a genius. D．The consequences of being struck by lightning. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·芜湖一中·期中） Spring is the perfect time to grow things. Try one or more of these plant experiments for fun and learning. Color carnations (康乃馨) Fill a vase or glass with water and color the water with food coloring. Add a white carnation stalk and watch the plant become colorful as it “drinks” the colored water. This is a great short experiment to demonstrate how plants take in water. Root for root vegetables Find out how root vegetables form underground by planting them in a clear container. Clear jars are perfect for this, but a clear vase or other containers work just as well. First, fill the bottom of the container with small stones. Next, add potting soil. Plant root vegetable seeds in each jar. Keep the soil wet and enjoy watching the root form. Best of all, when the vegetable is done growing, you can eat it. Study speedy sunflowers Sunflower seeds sprout and grow rapidly, making this the perfect flower for impatient children and a classic preschool activity. These seeds can be started just about anywhere, even in a paper coffee cup or yogurt container. Kids love seeing the plant push its way out of the soil, wearing the seed skin like a hat! Move your plant to a flower pot after sprouting to observe the flower as it forms. Make a grass basket Grass is another seed that grows fast Make a living basket by lining a basket with plastic and filling it with potting soil. Put grass seeds on top and lightly mist them with water daily. Growing plants is a great way to enjoy some learning — and a little sunshine — in your daily routine. Try any of these inexpensive garden experiments for a fun project. 1．Which experiment should you choose if you want to see how plants absorb water? A．Color carnations. B．Make a grass basket. C．Root for root vegetables. D．Study speedy sunflowers. 2．What is special about “Root for root vegetables"? A．It needs to be done outdoors. B．It has to be carried out in a vase. C．It requires the use of food coloring. D．It allows you to enjoy the fruits of your labor. 3．What do sunflower and grass seeds have in common? A．They need little water.     B．They grow very quickly. C．They prefer clear containers.     D．They need less sunshine. 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高二上·合肥一中·期中） Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States. Some companies in the food industry are investing (投资) even as competitors fail. California-based Plenty Unlimited this summer began working on $300 million indoor plants, while Kroger announced that it would be increasing its availability of vertically (垂直地) farmed produce. Meanwhile, two indoor farming companies that got strong backing—New Jersey’s AeroFarms and Kentucky’s AppHarvest—filed for financial failure and reorganization. And a five-year-old company in Detroit, Planted Detroit, shut its doors this summer. The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo, a grower with Eden Green Technology, an indoor farming company. “The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to,” he said. Indoor farming refers to growing crops indoors, which experts sometimes call “controlled environment agriculture”. There are different methods. One method called vertical farming involves putting produce from floor to ceiling, often under artificial lights and with the plants growing in nutrient-enriched water. Other growers are trying very large greenhouses, indoor beds of soil in big buildings and using special robots for parts of the farming process. Supporters say growing indoors uses less water and land and permits food to be grown closer to consumers, saving on transport. Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change. But critics question the sustainability (可持续性) of operations that can require a lot of energy for artificial lights. And they say paying for that light can make profitability impossible. Curt Covington of AgAmerica Lending, a private investment company centered on agriculture, is not convinced that indoor farming operations can work—except in special cases. Given the high cost of indoor operations, Covington said, “It’s just hard to be very profitable.” 1．What is Jacob Portillo’s attitude to the indoor food growing industry? A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 2．What can we learn about indoor farming? A．It takes a lot of manpower to take care of plants. B．It means growing plants in water instead of soil. C．It protects crops from increasingly extreme weather. D．It is different from controlled environment agriculture. 3．Why did Curt Covington question indoor farming operations? A．They produce little food. B．They carry great cost. C．They need sunlight. D．They lack investors. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．What Types of Food Can Be Grown Indoors? B．How Can You Grow Food Indoors Without Soil? C．Indoor Farming Companies Take Agriculture Indoors D．Indoor Food Growing Operations Face an Uncertain Future Passage 2 （24-25高二上·宿州示范高中·期中） One day, there’ll be no need for you to brush your teeth by hand. Instead, a group of billions of nanoparticles (纳米粒子) could automatically do all that work for you. It would be especially life-changing for people who find it difficult or impossible to hold and move a toothbrush. Steager, an engineer at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun Koo, an inventor and dental researcher there, found a way to form the nanoparticles into long, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lot like the ones an a toothbrush. But these bristles shape-shift to fit whatever surface they encounter. The tooth- cleaning robot works thanks to two magnets (磁铁). One goes each side of the teeth. The nanoparticles sit in a liquid between the magnets. When the magnets are turned off, the nanoparticles move randomly in the liquid. As soon as one magnet gets turned on, the nanoparticles gather together near its center. When the researchers turn on the other magnet and turn off the first one, the nanoparticles extend outward in long, skinny bristles. When there’s a tooth in the way, these bristles can’t stretch out as far as they want. So they push against the tooth’s surface. If there’s a gap between teeth, they push into the gap. Moving the magnets makes the bristles move against and between teeth. All that motion cleans the teeth. As a bonus, the nanoparticles also have strong power to kill viruses. The new device is just a proof of concept. The researchers still need to turn it into a product that people will want to use. “There’s a lot of engineering to get from here to there, but every good idea needs to have a start.” says Steager. 1．What is special about the tooth cleaner? A．It’s water-resistant. B．It looks like a toothbrush. C．It’s appearance-changeable. D．It contains skinny bristles. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The bristles’ formation. B．The working principle. C．The virus-killing process. D．The magnets’ motion. 3．How does Steager feel about the future of the device? A．Uncertain. B．Unfavorable. C．Concerned. D．Positive. 4．Which of the following would be the best title? A．A Shape-Shifting Robotic Tooth Cleaner B．Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tooth Growth C．A New Concept for Automatic Health Care D．An Antibacteria Liquid Tooth cleaner for Adults Passage 3 （24-25高二上·宿州示范高中·期中） A famous American poet Robert Frost once said, “Poetry is what gets lost in translation. ”But XuYuanchong, well-known Chinese translator, had tried to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life. His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation, “You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm, but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty, which is quite impressive.” Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French. He was also the first Asian winner of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature. Xu was known to be very fastidious in his work. For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation. Through Xu’s translations, time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the world. For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama. Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m., sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue.“ Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,” Xu said. 1．What does the text tell us about Xu Yuanchong? A．He mastered at least three foreign languages. B．He translated about 100 Chinese works into English. C．He was the first winner of the Aurora Borcalis Prize. D．He was widely known for his translated rhymed verses. 2．What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Particular. B．Satisfied. C．Inventive. D．Productive. 3．Why does the author give the example in Paragraph 4? A．To recommend Xu’s translation works. B．To stress the charm of Chinese poetry. C．To show Xu’s great translation skills. D．To prove the wisdom of the ancient Chinese. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Xu? A．Thoughtful and modest. B．Generous and objective C．Creative and open-minded. D．Devoted and hard-working. Passage 4 （24-25高二上·宿州示范高中·期中） Young children often benefit from the structure and routine of a traditional classroom setting. On the other hand, older students may find that they learn better when given the freedom to explore material at their own pace. In order to provide the full benefit of online learning, educators must be aware of the needs of their students and therefore tailor their instruction. As anyone who has tried to learn from videos knows, it can be difficult to search, obtain, and sum up important information. In response to this, Hari Subramonyam, a research professor, and his two colleagues, have developed a new app called VideoSticker which uses artificial intelligence (AI). The app uses AI to automatically identify and trim (整理) objects out of video lessons and place them into a note-taking area. In addition to capturing images, VideoSticker also pulls in key text, joining it with the imagery. This way, students can easily handle images and text and add those elements in their own explanations. As a result, the app turns the passive experience of watching a video into an active one with lots of enthusiasm and determination, which helps students to better engage with the material and remember the information. The test of VideoSticker’s effectiveness was conducted with 10 graduate and undergraduate students. During the test, the students completed a 75- to 90-minute note-taking session of a biology class. The researchers reported positive feedback from participants, with particular praise to VideoSticker’s flexibility in navigating between notes and video content. Next up, the team will partner with other educators to further evaluate and improve VideoSticker before making the tool fully available commercially. With more and more people turning to videos for educational content, apps like VideoSticker could help to make the learning process easier and more efficient. Other education-based innovations we have spotted recently include an app that lets students upload maths problems through their phones, as well as a platform for students with learning differences and a tool that identifies struggling readers sooner. 1．Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 1? A．teach B．satisfy C．create D．adapt 2．How do students feel when learning on VideoSticker? A．Thoughtful and focused. B．Energetic and involved. C．Helpful and encouraged. D．Confident and determined 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．More burden is laid on students. B．More practice bases are to be developed. C．More education innovation come into being. D．More people begin to make education videos. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．An available method makes students improve study efficiency. B．An AI tool makes it easy for students to take notes from videos. C．An advanced app makes students interact well with the teachers. D．A piece of important information makes students benefit from education. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$