Unit 1 Friendship (单元测试·常州专用·2025年中考新题型）英语译林版2024八年级上册

………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元测试（常州专用） Unit 1·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：90分） 一、单项选择。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Can you give me ______ water? I'm really thirsty.​ —Sure. Here you are.​ A. some B. any C. little D. few​ 2. My friend Tom is ______ honest boy. He never tells lies.​ A. a B. an C. the D. /​ 3. —What do you think of the movie?​ —It's ______ than the one I saw last week.​ A. interesting B. more interesting​ C. most interesting D. the most interesting​ 4. She is ______ to wait for me for two hours without getting angry.​ A. enough patient B. patiently enough​ C. patient enough D. enough patiently​ 5. —______ is your new friend like?​ —He is tall and has short hair.​ A. How B. What C. Who D. Which​ 6. The story he told us was so ______ that we all laughed loudly.​ A. bored B. boring C. interested D. interesting​ 7. My sister is ______ than me. She likes talking with others.​ A. outgoing B. more outgoing​ C. most outgoing D. the most outgoing​ 8. —I don't know how to use this new app.​ —Don't worry. Let me ______ you.​ A. teach B. to teach C. teaching D. teaches​ 9. —Would you like to go shopping with me?​ —______ I have a lot of work to do.​ A. Yes, I'd love to. B. No, I wouldn't.​ C. I'm afraid not. D. Good idea.​ 10. He is one of ______ students in our class. He always gets good grades.​ A. good B. better C. best D. the best 二、完形填空。(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Forests are one of the most important natural treasures on Earth. They play a key role in keeping our planet healthy. Every year, millions of people visit forests to enjoy their beauty, but many don’t realize how much forests do for us. A forest is like a big "air factory". Trees take in carbon dioxide, a gas that warms the Earth, and give out oxygen, which we need to breathe. Without enough forests, the air we breathe would become 11.________ and more polluted. Some forests are so large that they produce oxygen for millions of people living nearby. Forests also help control the weather. The trees in forests hold water in their roots and leaves. When it rains, forests slow down the flow of water, preventing floods. In dry seasons, the water stored in trees and soil is released, keeping the air 12.________ and cool. This is why areas with more forests usually have more balanced temperatures than deserts or cities. Many animals and plants call forests their home. It’s said that over half of the world’s species live in forests. From small insects to large tigers, each creature plays a part in keeping the forest ecosystem balanced. If we destroy forests, many species will lose their homes and may even 13.________. This would break the natural cycle and cause big problems for other living things, including humans. Sadly, forests are being destroyed at a fast speed. People cut down trees for wood, farmland, and buildings. Fires also damage many forests every year. When forests disappear, the soil becomes weak and is easily washed away by rain. This leads to land erosion (侵蚀) and makes it hard for new plants to grow. We must take action to protect forests. Planting new trees is a good start. Many countries and groups organize tree-planting activities every year. We can also reduce our use of wood products and recycle paper to cut down on tree cutting. By protecting forests, we are not only saving trees but also protecting our own future. After all, a healthy forest means a healthy planet for us and for future 14.________. Last month, a group of students from a middle school went on a trip to a forest park. Their goal was to learn more about forest protection. The park guide told them that each tree in the park can absorb about 10 kilograms of carbon dioxide every year. This surprised the students, as they never thought a single tree could be so 15.________. During the trip, the students saw a family of squirrels (松鼠) jumping from tree to tree. The guide explained that squirrels help spread tree seeds. When squirrels hide seeds in the ground and forget where they put them, the seeds can grow into new trees. This shows how different creatures 16________. with each other in the forest. The students also noticed that some parts of the forest had new young trees. The guide said these trees were planted by volunteers last year. It will take about 10 years for these young trees to grow into big ones that can produce enough oxygen. The students realized that protecting forests is a long-term task and requires 17.________. On their way back, the students talked about what they had learned. They decided to start a "Save the Forest" club at school. They planned to share forest protection knowledge with other students and organize small tree-planting activities in their neighborhood. They hoped their small actions could make a 18.________. One of the students, Lucy, said, "Before this trip, I thought forests were just places to have fun. Now I know they are essential for our planet. I will never waste paper again, because every piece of paper comes from a tree." Her classmates agreed and said they would also tell their families about the 19.________ of forest protection. The park guide was happy to see the students’ enthusiasm. He told them, "Every person can help protect forests. Even small choices, like using both sides of a piece of paper or not buying products made from illegal wood, can 20.________ a lot." A few weeks later, the "Save the Forest" club held its first activity. They invited a scientist to give a talk about forests and climate change. Over 50 students attended the talk and asked many interesting questions. The club members felt 21.________ because they could spread useful knowledge to more people. Protecting forests is not just the job of scientists or volunteers. It’s everyone’s responsibility. If we all work together, we can stop forest destruction and make sure that forests continue to provide us with clean air, water, and a home for thousands of species. Let’s take action now, for our planet and for all living things that 22.________ on forests. 11. A. cleaner B. dirtier C. fresher D. lighter 12. A. warm B. dry C. humid D. cold 13. A. appear B. survive C. develop D. disappear 14. A. communities B. generations C. populations D. nations 15. A. harmful B. powerful C. useless D. helpless 16. A. compete B. compare C. cooperate D. conflict 17. A. patience B. courage C. pride D. humor 18. A. mess B. difference C. promise D. mistake 19. A. difficulty B. importance C. excitement D. darkness 20. A. change B. waste C. cost D. weigh 21. A. nervous B. angry C. proud D. sad 22. A. depend B. call C. live D. feed 三、阅读理解。(本大题共14小题，每小题2分，共28分) （A） In modern society, people use computers and the Internet every day. But do you know the history of the Internet?​ Many people are surprised when they find that the Internet was set up in the 1960s. At that time, computers were large and expensive. Computer networks didn't work well. If one computer in the network broke down, then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers. If part of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. In this way the computer network system would keep on working all the time.​ At first, the Internet was only used by the government, but in the early 1970s, universities, hospitals and banks were allowed to use it, too. However, computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. By the start of the 1990s, computers became cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software that made "surfing" the Internet more convenient.​ Today it is easy to get online and it is said that millions of people use the Internet every day. Sending e-mails is more and more popular among students.​ The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of people's life.​ 23. A new network system was set up to ______.​ A. make computers cheaper​ B. make itself keep on working all the time​ C. break down the whole network​ D. make computers large and expensive​ 24. At first, the Internet was only used by ______.​ A. the government B. universities​ C. hospitals and banks D. schools​ 25. ______ made "surfing" the Internet more convenient.​ A. Computers B. Scientists​ C. Software D. Information （B） Do you know what STEAM is? It stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math. STEAM education is very popular in the US. It teaches students all these five subjects. It's an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) education. Many STEAM students choose jobs in engineering, the sciences or IT. But STEAM education is not just for college students. People from all ages can learn from it.​ A STEAM project in Arizona, US, tries to help people know more about STEAM. The museum in Arizona held a free show for students. They could learn more about STEAM there.​ The students were given a box with some tapes, cardboard (硬纸板) and motors (发动机). They could use these things to build a robot. It could run on the floor. The students learned about engineering and programming in this way.​ The museum also held a competition for the students. They must use their STEAM knowledge to build a robot. The winners could get some money. The students learned a lot from this competition.​ The museum plans to hold more STEAM activities for students and the public. They want more people to learn about STEAM.​ 26. What does STEAM stand for?​ A. Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math.​ B. Science, Technology, Education, Art and Math.​ C. Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Music.​ D. Science, Technology, Education, Art and Music.​ 27. What did the students use to build a robot?​ A. Tapes, cardboard and motors.​ B. Tapes, cardboard and paper.​ C. Tapes, motors and paper.​ D. Cardboard, motors and paper.​ 28. What's the best title for the passage?​ A. The History of STEAM​ B. The Meaning of STEAM​ C. STEAM Education in the US​ D. STEAM Projects in the World （C） AI in Education: Changing How Students Learn Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer just a topic in science fiction movies. Today, it’s becoming a part of everyday life—including education. From smart homework tools to personalized learning programs, AI is changing how students learn and how teachers teach. One of the biggest advantages of AI in education is personalized learning. Every student learns at a different speed and has different strengths and weaknesses. In a traditional classroom, teachers can’t always give each student the attention they need. But AI programs can. For example, some math apps use AI to check a student’s homework. If a student makes a mistake in a math problem, the app doesn’t just tell them the correct answer—it explains why they were wrong and gives extra practice problems on the same topic. This helps students focus on what they need to improve, instead of wasting time on things they already know. AI also helps teachers save time. Grading homework, especially for large classes, takes a lot of time. AI tools can grade multiple-choice tests and even simple writing assignments in minutes. This gives teachers more time to plan interesting lessons and help students who need extra support. Some schools also use AI to analyze (分析) student data. For example, if many students in a class struggle with a certain grammar rule, the AI system will tell the teacher. The teacher can then spend more time explaining that rule to the class. But AI in education also has its challenges. One of the biggest concerns is privacy. AI programs collect a lot of student data, such as test scores and learning habits. If this data is not kept safe, it could be stolen or used in a bad way. Another challenge is that some students might become too dependent on AI. For example, if a student uses an AI tool to write essays or solve math problems without thinking, they won’t learn the skills they need for future exams or jobs. Despite these challenges, most experts believe that AI will play a more important role in education in the future. As AI technology improves, it will become better at understanding students’ needs and providing helpful support. But it’s important to remember that AI is a tool, not a replacement for teachers. Good teachers bring empathy (同理心), creativity, and human connection—things that AI can never copy. The best education system will use AI to help teachers do their jobs better, while keeping the human touch at the center of learning. 29. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. AI helps teachers save time in grading homework. B. AI provides personalized learning for students. C. Traditional classrooms have many disadvantages. D. Math apps are the most useful AI tools for students. 30. How does AI help teachers according to the passage? A. It gives students extra practice problems. B. It writes essays for students who need help. C. It grades homework quickly and analyzes student data. D. It replaces teachers in planning interesting lessons. 31. What is a big concern about AI in education? A. AI can’t explain math problems clearly. B. AI may make students too dependent on it. C. AI doesn’t collect enough student data. D. AI is too expensive for most schools. 32. What do most experts think about AI in education? A. AI will replace teachers in the future. B. AI is not useful for improving students’ skills. C. AI will be more important but can’t replace teachers. D. AI will stop being used in education because of privacy issues. （D） How Students Can Practice Environmental Protection Environmental protection is a big topic, but it’s not just for scientists or governments. Students can also play an important role in keeping the planet healthy. With small, daily actions, students can reduce waste, save energy, and help protect nature. Here are some ways students can practice environmental protection in their lives. First, reducing waste is a simple but effective way. Many students bring lunch to school in plastic bags or disposable (一次性的) boxes. These items take hundreds of years to break down and often end up in oceans or landfills. Instead, students can use reusable lunch boxes and water bottles. They can also bring their own cloth bags when shopping with their families, instead of using plastic bags. Another way to reduce waste is to recycle. Students can separate paper, plastic, and glass from other trash at home and school. Many schools have recycling bins, so it’s easy to throw waste in the right place. Recycling helps save resources—for example, recycling one ton of paper saves 17 trees and 7,000 gallons of water. Second, saving energy is important for the environment. Students can do this at home and school. At home, they can turn off lights, TVs, and computers when they’re not using them. They can also ask their parents to use energy-saving light bulbs, which use less electricity and last longer. At school, students can remind their classmates to turn off the lights in the classroom when everyone leaves. Another way to save energy is to walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car or bus. This not only saves fuel but also keeps the air clean. If the school is too far to walk or bike, students can take public transportation with their friends or family. Third, students can help protect nature by planting trees or taking care of plants. Many schools have gardens or green spaces. Students can join after-school clubs that plant flowers or vegetables. Planting trees helps absorb carbon dioxide and provides homes for birds and insects. Students can also take part in community clean-up activities. For example, they can join a group to pick up trash in a local park or near a river. This helps keep nature clean and prevents animals from eating or getting hurt by trash. Finally, students can spread awareness (意识) about environmental protection. They can talk to their friends and family about why it’s important to protect the environment and share simple ways to help. They can also make posters or give short talks at school to encourage other students to take action. Even small actions, like telling a friend to recycle a plastic bottle, can make a difference. Environmental protection is not a one-time action—it’s a habit. By doing these small things every day, students can help make the planet a cleaner, healthier place for everyone. Remember, every person’s action counts, and students have the power to lead the way in protecting our environment. 33. What can students do to reduce waste according to the passage? A. Use disposable lunch boxes for school lunches. B. Throw all trash in the same bin at school. C. Use reusable water bottles and cloth bags. D. Buy more plastic products to save money. 34. How can students save energy at school? A. Leave the classroom lights on when leaving. B. Ride a bike to school if it’s not too far. C. Use more electricity to keep the classroom warm. D. Ask parents to drive them to school every day. 35. Why is planting trees helpful for the environment? A. It provides more disposable items for students. B. It absorbs carbon dioxide and helps animals. C. It uses more water and resources. D. It makes schools look less beautiful. 36. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell students about the history of environmental protection. B. To explain why only scientists can protect the environment. C. To give students ways to practice environmental protection. D. To show that environmental protection is too hard for students. 四、还原句子。（共 4 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 6 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When you are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. Here are some good reading tips.​ 37 Read something that you can understand. If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting.​ Try to increase the number of your new words. If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook. 38 Instead, try to guess their meanings as you read: mark them with a pen. Then come back when you have finished reading to look them up in a dictionary and write them in your own vocabulary book. Then try to remember them.​ Try to read regularly (定期地). 39 Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday. Fix a time to read and keep to it. You could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed, or when you get up or at lunchtime.​ Read what interests you. Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it. 40 You can also read newspapers. There are many English newspapers in China. It is easy enough to understand and also there is something interesting in it.​ A. So, choose an interesting book.​ B. Try to read at the right level.​ C. For example, read for a short time once a day.​ D. But you don't have to write them while you read.​ E. You should read as much as you can.​ F. Reading a lot can help you write better. 五、阅读短文，回答问题。（共 4 小题，前 3 小题每题 2 分，第 4 小题 3 分，满分 9 分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题。注意：前3题，每题答案不得超过 10 个词；第4小题不限词数。 The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms (节气). Grain Rain (谷雨), as the last term in spring, starts on April 19 and ends on May 4.​ Grain Rain comes from the old saying, "Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains", which shows that this period of rainfall is very important for the growth of crops. Here's something that you may not know about the Grain Rain.​ ①Grain Rain, the last solar term of spring, falls when spring is drawing to a close (and summer is about to begin), and the temperature rises much higher than it does in March. With dry soil and heavy winds, sandstorms may happen more often.​ ②There is an old custom in southern China that people drink tea on the day of Grain Rain. Spring tea during Grain Rain is good for the eyes. It is also said that drinking tea on this day would prevent bad luck.​ ③People in northern China have the tradition to eat the vegetable toona sinensis during Grain Rain. An old Chinese saying goes "toona sinensis before the rain is as tender as silk (嫩如丝)". The vegetable is good for the stomach and skin.​ ④The Grain Rain Festival is celebrated by fishing villages in northern China. Grain Rain marks the start of the fishermen's first voyage (航行) of the year. This custom dates back over 2,000 years.​ 41. When does Grain Rain start?​ 42. What old saying does Grain Rain come from?​ 43. What is good for the eyes during Grain Rain?​ 44. Why do fishermen in northern China celebrate the Grain Rain Festival? 六、短文填空。（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，或根据上下文在空白处填入一个适当的词，使短文通顺、完整。 Space has always been a mystery (神秘事物) to humans. For thousands of years, people have looked up at the night sky and wondered about the stars, moons, and planets. Today, with the help of advanced technology, we are learning more about space than ever 45.________. One of the most exciting parts of space exploration (探索) is visiting other planets. So far, scientists 46.________ (send) many robots to Mars. These robots take photos of the planet’s surface, collect soil samples, and send data back to Earth. Mars is often called the "Red Planet" because of its reddish color, which comes from iron oxide (氧化铁) in its soil. Scientists believe that Mars may have had water and even life in the past. They hope that one day, humans 47.________ (land) on Mars and live there. The Moon is another important object in space that we have explored. In 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon. Since then, many countries 48.________ (send) astronauts to the Moon to do research. The Moon has no atmosphere (大气层), so the sky there is always black, even during the day. The temperature on the Moon is also very extreme—it can be as hot as 127°C during the day and as cold as -173°C at night. Asteroids (小行星) are small, rocky objects that orbit (绕…… 运行) the Sun. Most asteroids are in the asteroid belt, which is between Mars and Jupiter. Some asteroids are very small, while others are hundreds of kilometers 49.________ diameter (直径). Scientists study asteroids because they can tell us about the early history of the solar system. They also worry that some large asteroids might hit Earth one day, so they keep 50.________ (watch) them closely. Black holes are one of the most mysterious things in space. A black hole is a place where gravity (引力) is so strong that even light cannot escape from it. This means we cannot see black holes directly. Instead, scientists detect (探测) them by observing the effect they have on nearby stars and gas. Black holes form when a very large star runs out of fuel and collapses (坍塌) under its own weight. Some black holes are as small as a single atom, while others are much 51.________ (large) than the Sun. Space exploration is not easy. It requires a lot of money, time, and hard work. Astronauts who go to space face many challenges, such as zero gravity, radiation (辐射), and long periods away from home. But the knowledge we gain from exploring space helps us understand our planet and the universe better. It also leads to new technologies that improve our daily lives—for example, many of the materials used in smartphones and medical equipment were first developed for space missions. In the future, we can expect even more exciting discoveries in space. Maybe we will find life on another planet, or learn how to travel to other stars. Whatever happens, space will continue to inspire (激励) humans to dream big and push the limits of what is possible. As the famous astronaut Carl Sagan once said, "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting 52.________ (be) known." Space is a big and wonderful place, and there is still so much we don’t know. Every new discovery brings us one step closer to understanding the universe we live 53.________. Whether we are looking at the stars from our backyard or sending robots to other planets, space exploration helps us see how small Earth is in the big universe—and how important it is to protect 54.________ (our) planet. 七、书面表达。(15分) 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 想了解你最好的朋友。请根据以下要点提示，写一封电子邮件向他介绍你的朋友。​ 要点提示：​ 1. 朋友的基本信息（年龄、外貌等）；​ 2. 朋友的性格特点（如：友好、善良、幽默等）；​ 3. 你和朋友一起做的事情（如：学习、运动、玩耍等）。​ 要求：​ 1. 包含所有要点提示，可适当发挥；​ 2. 语句通顺，语法正确，书写工整；​ 3. 词数：80 词左右。邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。​ Dear Tom,​ How is it going? I'm very glad to tell you something about my best friend. I hope you can know more about my friend. Looking forward to your reply.​ Best wishes!​ Yours,​ Li Hua 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元测试（常州专用） Unit 1·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：90分） 一、单项选择。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Can you give me ______ water? I'm really thirsty.​ —Sure. Here you are.​ A. some B. any C. little D. few​ 2. My friend Tom is ______ honest boy. He never tells lies.​ A. a B. an C. the D. /​ 3. —What do you think of the movie?​ —It's ______ than the one I saw last week.​ A. interesting B. more interesting​ C. most interesting D. the most interesting​ 4. She is ______ to wait for me for two hours without getting angry.​ A. enough patient B. patiently enough​ C. patient enough D. enough patiently​ 5. —______ is your new friend like?​ —He is tall and has short hair.​ A. How B. What C. Who D. Which​ 6. The story he told us was so ______ that we all laughed loudly.​ A. bored B. boring C. interested D. interesting​ 7. My sister is ______ than me. She likes talking with others.​ A. outgoing B. more outgoing​ C. most outgoing D. the most outgoing​ 8. —I don't know how to use this new app.​ —Don't worry. Let me ______ you.​ A. teach B. to teach C. teaching D. teaches​ 9. —Would you like to go shopping with me?​ —______ I have a lot of work to do.​ A. Yes, I'd love to. B. No, I wouldn't.​ C. I'm afraid not. D. Good idea.​ 10. He is one of ______ students in our class. He always gets good grades.​ A. good B. better C. best D. the best 二、完形填空。(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Forests are one of the most important natural treasures on Earth. They play a key role in keeping our planet healthy. Every year, millions of people visit forests to enjoy their beauty, but many don’t realize how much forests do for us. A forest is like a big "air factory". Trees take in carbon dioxide, a gas that warms the Earth, and give out oxygen, which we need to breathe. Without enough forests, the air we breathe would become 11.________ and more polluted. Some forests are so large that they produce oxygen for millions of people living nearby. Forests also help control the weather. The trees in forests hold water in their roots and leaves. When it rains, forests slow down the flow of water, preventing floods. In dry seasons, the water stored in trees and soil is released, keeping the air 12.________ and cool. This is why areas with more forests usually have more balanced temperatures than deserts or cities. Many animals and plants call forests their home. It’s said that over half of the world’s species live in forests. From small insects to large tigers, each creature plays a part in keeping the forest ecosystem balanced. If we destroy forests, many species will lose their homes and may even 13.________. This would break the natural cycle and cause big problems for other living things, including humans. Sadly, forests are being destroyed at a fast speed. People cut down trees for wood, farmland, and buildings. Fires also damage many forests every year. When forests disappear, the soil becomes weak and is easily washed away by rain. This leads to land erosion (侵蚀) and makes it hard for new plants to grow. We must take action to protect forests. Planting new trees is a good start. Many countries and groups organize tree-planting activities every year. We can also reduce our use of wood products and recycle paper to cut down on tree cutting. By protecting forests, we are not only saving trees but also protecting our own future. After all, a healthy forest means a healthy planet for us and for future 14.________. Last month, a group of students from a middle school went on a trip to a forest park. Their goal was to learn more about forest protection. The park guide told them that each tree in the park can absorb about 10 kilograms of carbon dioxide every year. This surprised the students, as they never thought a single tree could be so 15.________. During the trip, the students saw a family of squirrels (松鼠) jumping from tree to tree. The guide explained that squirrels help spread tree seeds. When squirrels hide seeds in the ground and forget where they put them, the seeds can grow into new trees. This shows how different creatures 16________. with each other in the forest. The students also noticed that some parts of the forest had new young trees. The guide said these trees were planted by volunteers last year. It will take about 10 years for these young trees to grow into big ones that can produce enough oxygen. The students realized that protecting forests is a long-term task and requires 17.________. On their way back, the students talked about what they had learned. They decided to start a "Save the Forest" club at school. They planned to share forest protection knowledge with other students and organize small tree-planting activities in their neighborhood. They hoped their small actions could make a 18.________. One of the students, Lucy, said, "Before this trip, I thought forests were just places to have fun. Now I know they are essential for our planet. I will never waste paper again, because every piece of paper comes from a tree." Her classmates agreed and said they would also tell their families about the 19.________ of forest protection. The park guide was happy to see the students’ enthusiasm. He told them, "Every person can help protect forests. Even small choices, like using both sides of a piece of paper or not buying products made from illegal wood, can 20.________ a lot." A few weeks later, the "Save the Forest" club held its first activity. They invited a scientist to give a talk about forests and climate change. Over 50 students attended the talk and asked many interesting questions. The club members felt 21.________ because they could spread useful knowledge to more people. Protecting forests is not just the job of scientists or volunteers. It’s everyone’s responsibility. If we all work together, we can stop forest destruction and make sure that forests continue to provide us with clean air, water, and a home for thousands of species. Let’s take action now, for our planet and for all living things that 22.________ on forests. 11. A. cleaner B. dirtier C. fresher D. lighter 12. A. warm B. dry C. humid D. cold 13. A. appear B. survive C. develop D. disappear 14. A. communities B. generations C. populations D. nations 15. A. harmful B. powerful C. useless D. helpless 16. A. compete B. compare C. cooperate D. conflict 17. A. patience B. courage C. pride D. humor 18. A. mess B. difference C. promise D. mistake 19. A. difficulty B. importance C. excitement D. darkness 20. A. change B. waste C. cost D. weigh 21. A. nervous B. angry C. proud D. sad 22. A. depend B. call C. live D. feed 三、阅读理解。(本大题共14小题，每小题2分，共28分) （A） In modern society, people use computers and the Internet every day. But do you know the history of the Internet?​ Many people are surprised when they find that the Internet was set up in the 1960s. At that time, computers were large and expensive. Computer networks didn't work well. If one computer in the network broke down, then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers. If part of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. In this way the computer network system would keep on working all the time.​ At first, the Internet was only used by the government, but in the early 1970s, universities, hospitals and banks were allowed to use it, too. However, computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. By the start of the 1990s, computers became cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software that made "surfing" the Internet more convenient.​ Today it is easy to get online and it is said that millions of people use the Internet every day. Sending e-mails is more and more popular among students.​ The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of people's life.​ 23. A new network system was set up to ______.​ A. make computers cheaper​ B. make itself keep on working all the time​ C. break down the whole network​ D. make computers large and expensive​ 24. At first, the Internet was only used by ______.​ A. the government B. universities​ C. hospitals and banks D. schools​ 25. ______ made "surfing" the Internet more convenient.​ A. Computers B. Scientists​ C. Software D. Information （B） Do you know what STEAM is? It stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math. STEAM education is very popular in the US. It teaches students all these five subjects. It's an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) education. Many STEAM students choose jobs in engineering, the sciences or IT. But STEAM education is not just for college students. People from all ages can learn from it.​ A STEAM project in Arizona, US, tries to help people know more about STEAM. The museum in Arizona held a free show for students. They could learn more about STEAM there.​ The students were given a box with some tapes, cardboard (硬纸板) and motors (发动机). They could use these things to build a robot. It could run on the floor. The students learned about engineering and programming in this way.​ The museum also held a competition for the students. They must use their STEAM knowledge to build a robot. The winners could get some money. The students learned a lot from this competition.​ The museum plans to hold more STEAM activities for students and the public. They want more people to learn about STEAM.​ 26. What does STEAM stand for?​ A. Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math.​ B. Science, Technology, Education, Art and Math.​ C. Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Music.​ D. Science, Technology, Education, Art and Music.​ 27. What did the students use to build a robot?​ A. Tapes, cardboard and motors.​ B. Tapes, cardboard and paper.​ C. Tapes, motors and paper.​ D. Cardboard, motors and paper.​ 28. What's the best title for the passage?​ A. The History of STEAM​ B. The Meaning of STEAM​ C. STEAM Education in the US​ D. STEAM Projects in the World （C） AI in Education: Changing How Students Learn Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer just a topic in science fiction movies. Today, it’s becoming a part of everyday life—including education. From smart homework tools to personalized learning programs, AI is changing how students learn and how teachers teach. One of the biggest advantages of AI in education is personalized learning. Every student learns at a different speed and has different strengths and weaknesses. In a traditional classroom, teachers can’t always give each student the attention they need. But AI programs can. For example, some math apps use AI to check a student’s homework. If a student makes a mistake in a math problem, the app doesn’t just tell them the correct answer—it explains why they were wrong and gives extra practice problems on the same topic. This helps students focus on what they need to improve, instead of wasting time on things they already know. AI also helps teachers save time. Grading homework, especially for large classes, takes a lot of time. AI tools can grade multiple-choice tests and even simple writing assignments in minutes. This gives teachers more time to plan interesting lessons and help students who need extra support. Some schools also use AI to analyze (分析) student data. For example, if many students in a class struggle with a certain grammar rule, the AI system will tell the teacher. The teacher can then spend more time explaining that rule to the class. But AI in education also has its challenges. One of the biggest concerns is privacy. AI programs collect a lot of student data, such as test scores and learning habits. If this data is not kept safe, it could be stolen or used in a bad way. Another challenge is that some students might become too dependent on AI. For example, if a student uses an AI tool to write essays or solve math problems without thinking, they won’t learn the skills they need for future exams or jobs. Despite these challenges, most experts believe that AI will play a more important role in education in the future. As AI technology improves, it will become better at understanding students’ needs and providing helpful support. But it’s important to remember that AI is a tool, not a replacement for teachers. Good teachers bring empathy (同理心), creativity, and human connection—things that AI can never copy. The best education system will use AI to help teachers do their jobs better, while keeping the human touch at the center of learning. 29. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. AI helps teachers save time in grading homework. B. AI provides personalized learning for students. C. Traditional classrooms have many disadvantages. D. Math apps are the most useful AI tools for students. 30. How does AI help teachers according to the passage? A. It gives students extra practice problems. B. It writes essays for students who need help. C. It grades homework quickly and analyzes student data. D. It replaces teachers in planning interesting lessons. 31. What is a big concern about AI in education? A. AI can’t explain math problems clearly. B. AI may make students too dependent on it. C. AI doesn’t collect enough student data. D. AI is too expensive for most schools. 32. What do most experts think about AI in education? A. AI will replace teachers in the future. B. AI is not useful for improving students’ skills. C. AI will be more important but can’t replace teachers. D. AI will stop being used in education because of privacy issues. （D） How Students Can Practice Environmental Protection Environmental protection is a big topic, but it’s not just for scientists or governments. Students can also play an important role in keeping the planet healthy. With small, daily actions, students can reduce waste, save energy, and help protect nature. Here are some ways students can practice environmental protection in their lives. First, reducing waste is a simple but effective way. Many students bring lunch to school in plastic bags or disposable (一次性的) boxes. These items take hundreds of years to break down and often end up in oceans or landfills. Instead, students can use reusable lunch boxes and water bottles. They can also bring their own cloth bags when shopping with their families, instead of using plastic bags. Another way to reduce waste is to recycle. Students can separate paper, plastic, and glass from other trash at home and school. Many schools have recycling bins, so it’s easy to throw waste in the right place. Recycling helps save resources—for example, recycling one ton of paper saves 17 trees and 7,000 gallons of water. Second, saving energy is important for the environment. Students can do this at home and school. At home, they can turn off lights, TVs, and computers when they’re not using them. They can also ask their parents to use energy-saving light bulbs, which use less electricity and last longer. At school, students can remind their classmates to turn off the lights in the classroom when everyone leaves. Another way to save energy is to walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car or bus. This not only saves fuel but also keeps the air clean. If the school is too far to walk or bike, students can take public transportation with their friends or family. Third, students can help protect nature by planting trees or taking care of plants. Many schools have gardens or green spaces. Students can join after-school clubs that plant flowers or vegetables. Planting trees helps absorb carbon dioxide and provides homes for birds and insects. Students can also take part in community clean-up activities. For example, they can join a group to pick up trash in a local park or near a river. This helps keep nature clean and prevents animals from eating or getting hurt by trash. Finally, students can spread awareness (意识) about environmental protection. They can talk to their friends and family about why it’s important to protect the environment and share simple ways to help. They can also make posters or give short talks at school to encourage other students to take action. Even small actions, like telling a friend to recycle a plastic bottle, can make a difference. Environmental protection is not a one-time action—it’s a habit. By doing these small things every day, students can help make the planet a cleaner, healthier place for everyone. Remember, every person’s action counts, and students have the power to lead the way in protecting our environment. 33. What can students do to reduce waste according to the passage? A. Use disposable lunch boxes for school lunches. B. Throw all trash in the same bin at school. C. Use reusable water bottles and cloth bags. D. Buy more plastic products to save money. 34. How can students save energy at school? A. Leave the classroom lights on when leaving. B. Ride a bike to school if it’s not too far. C. Use more electricity to keep the classroom warm. D. Ask parents to drive them to school every day. 35. Why is planting trees helpful for the environment? A. It provides more disposable items for students. B. It absorbs carbon dioxide and helps animals. C. It uses more water and resources. D. It makes schools look less beautiful. 36. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell students about the history of environmental protection. B. To explain why only scientists can protect the environment. C. To give students ways to practice environmental protection. D. To show that environmental protection is too hard for students. 四、还原句子。（共 4 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 6 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When you are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. Here are some good reading tips.​ 37 Read something that you can understand. If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting.​ Try to increase the number of your new words. If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook. 38 Instead, try to guess their meanings as you read: mark them with a pen. Then come back when you have finished reading to look them up in a dictionary and write them in your own vocabulary book. Then try to remember them.​ Try to read regularly (定期地). 39 Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday. Fix a time to read and keep to it. You could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed, or when you get up or at lunchtime.​ Read what interests you. Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it. 40 You can also read newspapers. There are many English newspapers in China. It is easy enough to understand and also there is something interesting in it.​ A. So, choose an interesting book.​ B. Try to read at the right level.​ C. For example, read for a short time once a day.​ D. But you don't have to write them while you read.​ E. You should read as much as you can.​ F. Reading a lot can help you write better. 五、阅读短文，回答问题。（共 4 小题，前 3 小题每题 2 分，第 4 小题 3 分，满分 9 分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题。注意：前3题，每题答案不得超过 10 个词；第4小题不限词数。 The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms (节气). Grain Rain (谷雨), as the last term in spring, starts on April 19 and ends on May 4.​ Grain Rain comes from the old saying, "Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains", which shows that this period of rainfall is very important for the growth of crops. Here's something that you may not know about the Grain Rain. ①Grain Rain, the last solar term of spring, falls when spring is drawing to a close (and summer is about to begin), and the temperature rises much higher than it does in March. With dry soil and heavy winds, sandstorms may happen more often.​ ②There is an old custom in southern China that people drink tea on the day of Grain Rain. Spring tea during Grain Rain is good for the eyes. It is also said that drinking tea on this day would prevent bad luck.​ ③People in northern China have the tradition to eat the vegetable toona sinensis during Grain Rain. An old Chinese saying goes "toona sinensis before the rain is as tender as silk (嫩如丝)". The vegetable is good for the stomach and skin.​ ④The Grain Rain Festival is celebrated by fishing villages in northern China. Grain Rain marks the start of the fishermen's first voyage (航行) of the year. This custom dates back over 2,000 years.​ 41. When does Grain Rain start?​ 42. What old saying does Grain Rain come from?​ 43. What is good for the eyes during Grain Rain?​ 44. Why do fishermen in northern China celebrate the Grain Rain Festival? 六、短文填空。（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，或根据上下文在空白处填入一个适当的词，使短文通顺、完整。 Space has always been a mystery (神秘事物) to humans. For thousands of years, people have looked up at the night sky and wondered about the stars, moons, and planets. Today, with the help of advanced technology, we are learning more about space than ever 45.________. One of the most exciting parts of space exploration (探索) is visiting other planets. So far, scientists 46.________ (send) many robots to Mars. These robots take photos of the planet’s surface, collect soil samples, and send data back to Earth. Mars is often called the "Red Planet" because of its reddish color, which comes from iron oxide (氧化铁) in its soil. Scientists believe that Mars may have had water and even life in the past. They hope that one day, humans 47.________ (land) on Mars and live there. The Moon is another important object in space that we have explored. In 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon. Since then, many countries 48.________ (send) astronauts to the Moon to do research. The Moon has no atmosphere (大气层), so the sky there is always black, even during the day. The temperature on the Moon is also very extreme—it can be as hot as 127°C during the day and as cold as -173°C at night. Asteroids (小行星) are small, rocky objects that orbit (绕…… 运行) the Sun. Most asteroids are in the asteroid belt, which is between Mars and Jupiter. Some asteroids are very small, while others are hundreds of kilometers 49.________ diameter (直径). Scientists study asteroids because they can tell us about the early history of the solar system. They also worry that some large asteroids might hit Earth one day, so they keep 50.________ (watch) them closely. Black holes are one of the most mysterious things in space. A black hole is a place where gravity (引力) is so strong that even light cannot escape from it. This means we cannot see black holes directly. Instead, scientists detect (探测) them by observing the effect they have on nearby stars and gas. Black holes form when a very large star runs out of fuel and collapses (坍塌) under its own weight. Some black holes are as small as a single atom, while others are much 51.________ (large) than the Sun. Space exploration is not easy. It requires a lot of money, time, and hard work. Astronauts who go to space face many challenges, such as zero gravity, radiation (辐射), and long periods away from home. But the knowledge we gain from exploring space helps us understand our planet and the universe better. It also leads to new technologies that improve our daily lives—for example, many of the materials used in smartphones and medical equipment were first developed for space missions. In the future, we can expect even more exciting discoveries in space. Maybe we will find life on another planet, or learn how to travel to other stars. Whatever happens, space will continue to inspire (激励) humans to dream big and push the limits of what is possible. As the famous astronaut Carl Sagan once said, "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting 52.________ (be) known." Space is a big and wonderful place, and there is still so much we don’t know. Every new discovery brings us one step closer to understanding the universe we live 53.________. Whether we are looking at the stars from our backyard or sending robots to other planets, space exploration helps us see how small Earth is in the big universe—and how important it is to protect 54.________ (our) planet. 七、书面表达。(15分) 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 想了解你最好的朋友。请根据以下要点提示，写一封电子邮件向他介绍你的朋友。​ 要点提示：​ 1. 朋友的基本信息（年龄、外貌等）；​ 2. 朋友的性格特点（如：友好、善良、幽默等）；​ 3. 你和朋友一起做的事情（如：学习、运动、玩耍等）。​ 要求：​ 1. 包含所有要点提示，可适当发挥；​ 2. 语句通顺，语法正确，书写工整；​ 3. 词数：80 词左右。邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。​ Dear Tom,​ How is it going? I'm very glad to tell you something about my best friend. I hope you can know more about my friend. Looking forward to your reply.​ Best wishes!​ Yours,​ Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元测试（常州专用） Unit 1·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：90分） 一、单项选择。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Can you give me ______ water? I'm really thirsty.​ —Sure. Here you are.​ A. some B. any C. little D. few​ 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“你能给我一些水吗？我真的很渴。”“当然可以，给你。” 考查知识点：不定代词 some 和 any 的用法区别，以及 little/few 的语义。 结合语境分析：some 通常用于肯定句，但在 “请求对方提供某物” 的疑问句中（希望得到肯定回答），也需用 some；any 多用于否定句或普通疑问句（不期待肯定回答）；little 修饰不可数名词，表 “几乎没有”（否定含义），few 修饰可数名词复数，表 “几乎没有”（否定含义）。此处 “water” 是不可数名词，且句子是请求对方给水（希望得到肯定回应），故填 some。 2. My friend Tom is ______ honest boy. He never tells lies.​ A. a B. an C. the D. /​ 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的朋友汤姆是一个诚实的男孩，他从不说谎。 考查知识点：不定冠词 a/an 的用法区别（元音音素开头 vs 辅音音素开头），以及定冠词 the 的特指用法。 结合语境分析：句子表 “一个诚实的男孩”，是泛指，排除定冠词 the（表特指）和零冠词（不可用于单数可数名词泛指）；“honest” 发音以元音音素 /ɒ/ 开头，需用 an 修饰（a 用于辅音音素开头的单词），故填 an。 3. —What do you think of the movie?​ —It's ______ than the one I saw last week.​ A. interesting B. more interesting​ C. most interesting D. the most interesting​ 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你觉得这部电影怎么样？”“它比我上周看的那部更有趣。” 考查知识点：形容词比较级的用法（标志词 than），以及形容词原级、比较级、最高级的区别。 结合语境分析：句中出现比较级标志词 “than”（比），需用形容词的比较级形式；interesting 是多音节形容词，其比较级为 “more interesting”；A 是原级，C（缺少 the）和 D 是最高级（用于三者及以上比较），均不符合语境，故填 more interesting。 4. She is ______ to wait for me for two hours without getting angry.​ A. enough patient B. patiently enough​ C. patient enough D. enough patiently 【答案】C 【解析】句意：她有足够的耐心等我两个小时而不生气。 考查知识点：enough 的用法（修饰形容词 / 副词时后置，修饰名词时可前可后），以及形容词和副词的区别。 结合语境分析：句子结构为 “be + 形容词 + to do sth”，需用形容词作表语，排除副词 patiently（B、D）；enough 修饰形容词时需后置（“形容词 + enough”），而非前置（“enough + 形容词”），故 “patient enough” 正确，填 patient enough。 5. —______ is your new friend like?​ —He is tall and has short hair.​ A. How B. What C. Who D. Which​ 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你的新朋友长什么样？”“他很高，留着短发。” 考查知识点：特殊疑问词的用法（询问外貌的固定句型）。 结合语境分析：询问某人的外貌（长相），固定句型为 “What be sb like?”；How 通常用于询问 “性格”（How is sb?）或 “方式”；Who 询问 “谁”；Which 询问 “哪一个”，均不符合 “问外貌” 的语境，故填 What。 6. The story he told us was so ______ that we all laughed loudly.​ A. bored B. boring C. interested D. interesting​ 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他给我们讲的故事如此有趣，以至于我们都大声笑了。 考查知识点：形容词的词义辨析（-ing 结尾 vs -ed 结尾）及语义匹配。 结合语境分析：-ing 结尾的形容词（boring/interesting）修饰 “事物”，表 “令人…… 的”；-ed 结尾的形容词（bored/interested）修饰 “人”，表 “（人）感到…… 的”。此处修饰 “the story”（事物），排除 A（bored，修饰人）和 C（interested，修饰人）；根据 “we all laughed loudly”（我们都大笑），可知故事是 “有趣的”（interesting），而非 “无聊的”（boring），故填 interesting。 7. My sister is ______ than me. She likes talking with others.​ A. outgoing B. more outgoing​ C. most outgoing D. the most outgoing​ 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我姐姐比我外向，她喜欢和别人聊天。 考查知识点：形容词比较级的用法（标志词 than），以及多音节形容词比较级的构成。 结合语境分析：句中出现比较级标志词 “than”，需用比较级；outgoing 是多音节形容词，其比较级为 “more outgoing”；A 是原级，C（缺少 the）和 D 是最高级（用于三者及以上比较），均不符合语境，故填 more outgoing。 8. —I don't know how to use this new app.​ —Don't worry. Let me ______ you.​ A. teach B. to teach C. teaching D. teaches​ 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“我不知道怎么用这个新应用。”“别担心，让我教你。” 考查知识点：使役动词 let 的用法（let sb do sth，接动词原形）。 结合语境分析：let 是使役动词，其后接宾语时，需用 “动词原形” 作宾语补足语，即 “let sb do sth”；B 是不定式（to teach），C 是现在分词（teaching），D 是第三人称单数（teaches），均不符合 let 的用法，故填 teach。 9. —Would you like to go shopping with me?​ —______ I have a lot of work to do.​ A. Yes, I'd love to. B. No, I wouldn't.​ C. I'm afraid not. D. Good idea.​ 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“你愿意和我一起去购物吗？”“恐怕不行，我有很多工作要做。” 考查知识点：情景交际（Would you like...? 的否定回答）。 结合语境分析：Would you like...? 表邀请，肯定回答常用 “Yes, I'd love to.”；否定回答需委婉，不能直接用 “No, I wouldn't.”（语气生硬）；D（Good idea.）用于赞同建议，不用于回应邀请；根据 “I have a lot of work to do”（有很多工作要做），可知是委婉拒绝，“I'm afraid not.”（恐怕不行）符合语境，故填 I'm afraid not. 10. He is one of ______ students in our class. He always gets good grades.​ A. good B. better C. best D. the best 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他是我们班最好的学生之一，他总是取得好成绩。 考查知识点：固定句型 “one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”（…… 中最…… 之一）。 结合语境分析：“one of...” 后需接 “the + 最高级 + 复数名词”，表 “某范围内的最…… 之一”；A 是原级，B 是比较级（用于两者比较），C 是最高级但缺少定冠词 the（最高级前需加 the，特指某范围），均不符合句型要求，故填 the best。 二、完形填空。(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Forests are one of the most important natural treasures on Earth. They play a key role in keeping our planet healthy. Every year, millions of people visit forests to enjoy their beauty, but many don’t realize how much forests do for us. A forest is like a big "air factory". Trees take in carbon dioxide, a gas that warms the Earth, and give out oxygen, which we need to breathe. Without enough forests, the air we breathe would become 11.________ and more polluted. Some forests are so large that they produce oxygen for millions of people living nearby. Forests also help control the weather. The trees in forests hold water in their roots and leaves. When it rains, forests slow down the flow of water, preventing floods. In dry seasons, the water stored in trees and soil is released, keeping the air 12.________ and cool. This is why areas with more forests usually have more balanced temperatures than deserts or cities. Many animals and plants call forests their home. It’s said that over half of the world’s species live in forests. From small insects to large tigers, each creature plays a part in keeping the forest ecosystem balanced. If we destroy forests, many species will lose their homes and may even 13.________. This would break the natural cycle and cause big problems for other living things, including humans. Sadly, forests are being destroyed at a fast speed. People cut down trees for wood, farmland, and buildings. Fires also damage many forests every year. When forests disappear, the soil becomes weak and is easily washed away by rain. This leads to land erosion (侵蚀) and makes it hard for new plants to grow. We must take action to protect forests. Planting new trees is a good start. Many countries and groups organize tree-planting activities every year. We can also reduce our use of wood products and recycle paper to cut down on tree cutting. By protecting forests, we are not only saving trees but also protecting our own future. After all, a healthy forest means a healthy planet for us and for future 14.________. Last month, a group of students from a middle school went on a trip to a forest park. Their goal was to learn more about forest protection. The park guide told them that each tree in the park can absorb about 10 kilograms of carbon dioxide every year. This surprised the students, as they never thought a single tree could be so 15.________. During the trip, the students saw a family of squirrels (松鼠) jumping from tree to tree. The guide explained that squirrels help spread tree seeds. When squirrels hide seeds in the ground and forget where they put them, the seeds can grow into new trees. This shows how different creatures 16________. with each other in the forest. The students also noticed that some parts of the forest had new young trees. The guide said these trees were planted by volunteers last year. It will take about 10 years for these young trees to grow into big ones that can produce enough oxygen. The students realized that protecting forests is a long-term task and requires 17.________. On their way back, the students talked about what they had learned. They decided to start a "Save the Forest" club at school. They planned to share forest protection knowledge with other students and organize small tree-planting activities in their neighborhood. They hoped their small actions could make a 18.________. One of the students, Lucy, said, "Before this trip, I thought forests were just places to have fun. Now I know they are essential for our planet. I will never waste paper again, because every piece of paper comes from a tree." Her classmates agreed and said they would also tell their families about the 19.________ of forest protection. The park guide was happy to see the students’ enthusiasm. He told them, "Every person can help protect forests. Even small choices, like using both sides of a piece of paper or not buying products made from illegal wood, can 20.________ a lot." A few weeks later, the "Save the Forest" club held its first activity. They invited a scientist to give a talk about forests and climate change. Over 50 students attended the talk and asked many interesting questions. The club members felt 21.________ because they could spread useful knowledge to more people. Protecting forests is not just the job of scientists or volunteers. It’s everyone’s responsibility. If we all work together, we can stop forest destruction and make sure that forests continue to provide us with clean air, water, and a home for thousands of species. Let’s take action now, for our planet and for all living things that 22.________ on forests. 11. A. cleaner B. dirtier C. fresher D. lighter 12. A. warm B. dry C. humid D. cold 13. A. appear B. survive C. develop D. disappear 14. A. communities B. generations C. populations D. nations 15. A. harmful B. powerful C. useless D. helpless 16. A. compete B. compare C. cooperate D. conflict 17. A. patience B. courage C. pride D. humor 18. A. mess B. difference C. promise D. mistake 19. A. difficulty B. importance C. excitement D. darkness 20. A. change B. waste C. cost D. weigh 21. A. nervous B. angry C. proud D. sad 22. A. depend B. call C. live D. feed 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主旨大意为：通过介绍森林作为 “空气工厂”、气候调节者、生物栖息地的重要作用，揭示当前森林被快速破坏的现状，进而呼吁人们采取行动保护森林；文中还穿插了中学生通过森林研学之旅认识到森林保护的意义，并成立 “拯救森林” 俱乐部实践保护行动的事例，强调森林保护是每个人的责任，关乎地球健康与未来世代的生存。 11. 句意：如果没有足够的森林，我们呼吸的空气会变得更脏、污染更严重。 答案原因：需填与 “more polluted（更污染）” 语义一致的形容词比较级，体现空气质量变差。 上下文依据：前一句提到 “树木吸收二氧化碳（温室气体）并释放氧气”，说明森林能净化空气；反之 “没有足够森林”，空气会从 “洁净” 转向 “污浊”，与选项 B（dirtier，更脏的）逻辑一致。其他选项 A（更干净的）、C（更新鲜的）、D（更轻的）均与 “污染更严重” 语义矛盾。 12. 句意：在干旱季节，树木和土壤中储存的水分会释放出来，使空气保持湿润和凉爽。 答案原因：需填能体现 “水分释放对空气的影响” 的形容词，且与 “cool（凉爽）” 搭配合理，符合森林调节气候的功能。 上下文依据：前一句提到 “森林中的树木在根部和叶子中储存水分”，干旱时释放水分，会增加空气湿度，选项 C（humid，湿润的）符合这一逻辑。A（温暖的）、B（干燥的）与 “释放水分” 的效果矛盾；D（寒冷的）仅强调温度，未体现水分对空气的影响，且 “寒冷” 与森林调节气候的 “平衡温度” 功能不符。 13. 句意：如果我们破坏森林，许多物种会失去家园，甚至可能消失。 答案原因：需填与 “失去家园” 递进的结果，体现物种生存的威胁。 上下文依据：前一句提到 “超过一半的世界物种生活在森林中”，“破坏森林” 会导致物种失去栖息地，进一步的后果就是 “消失”，选项 D（disappear，消失）符合递进逻辑。A（出现）、B（存活）、C（发展）均与 “破坏森林” 的负面影响矛盾。 14. 句意：毕竟，健康的森林意味着对我们和未来世代而言，一个健康的地球。 答案原因：需填体现 “时间维度上的后代” 的名词，与 “we（我们）” 形成 “当下与未来” 的对应。 上下文依据：句子核心是 “保护森林的长远意义”，“future（未来）” 修饰的名词应指向 “未来的人”，选项 B（generations，世代）符合 “当下与未来世代共享地球” 的逻辑。A（社区）、C（人口）、D（国家）均侧重 “空间 / 群体范围”，而非 “时间上的未来”，与 “future” 搭配不当。 15. 句意：这让学生们很惊讶，因为他们从未想过一棵单独的树能如此强大。 答案原因：需填体现 “树木能力超出预期” 的形容词，与 “surprised（惊讶）” 呼应。 上下文依据：前一句提到 “公园里的每棵树每年能吸收约 10 公斤二氧化碳”，这一数据让学生意外，说明树木的作用比他们想象中 “强大”，选项 B（powerful，强大的）符合 “惊讶” 的原因。A（有害的）、C（无用的）、D（无助的）均与 “树木吸收二氧化碳” 的积极作用矛盾。 16. 句意：这表明森林中不同生物是如何相互合作的。 答案原因：需填体现 “生物间积极互动关系” 的动词，符合 “松鼠帮助传播树种，树种长成新树” 的事例逻辑。 上下文依据：导游解释 “松鼠将种子藏在地下却忘记位置，种子就能长成新树”，这一事例体现松鼠与树木（植物）之间的 “互助”，选项 C（cooperate，合作）符合 “相互帮助” 的关系。A（竞争）、D（冲突）均为消极互动，与事例矛盾；B（比较）无 “互动” 含义，不符合语境。 17. 句意：学生们意识到，保护森林是一项长期任务，需要耐心。 答案原因：需填体现 “应对长期任务所需的品质” 的名词，与 “long-term task（长期任务）” 呼应。 上下文依据：前一句提到 “这些幼树需要大约 10 年才能长成能产生足够氧气的大树”，“10 年” 体现任务的 “长期性”，完成长期任务需要 “耐心”，选项 A（patience，耐心）符合逻辑。B（勇气）、C（自豪）、D（幽默）均与 “长期任务” 的核心需求无关。 18. 句意：他们希望自己的小行动能产生影响。 答案原因：需填体现 “行动带来效果” 的名词，符合 “学生们通过小行动参与森林保护” 的初衷。 上下文依据：学生们成立俱乐部、计划分享知识和组织植树活动，核心是 “希望小行动能带来改变”，固定搭配 “make a difference” 表示 “产生影响、带来改变”，选项 B（difference，影响）符合搭配与语境。A（混乱）、C（承诺）、D（错误）均与 “希望行动有积极效果” 的初衷矛盾。 19. 句意：她的同学们表示同意，并说他们也会告诉家人森林保护的重要性。 答案原因：需填体现 “森林保护的核心价值” 的名词，与前文 “森林的重要作用” 呼应。 上下文依据：全文围绕 “森林对地球、生物、人类的重要性” 展开，学生们通过研学认识到这一点，因此会向家人传递 “重要性”，选项 B（importance，重要性）符合逻辑。A（困难）、C（兴奋）、D（黑暗）均与 “传递森林保护的核心信息” 无关。 20. 句意：他告诉他们：“每个人都能帮助保护森林。即使是小选择，比如用纸的两面，或者不购买非法木材制成的产品，也能带来很大改变。” 答案原因：需填体现 “小选择产生积极效果” 的动词，与 “小选择” 和 “大影响” 的逻辑呼应。 上下文依据：前一句强调 “每个人都能帮助保护森林”，小选择的目的是 “带来积极改变”，选项 A（change，改变）符合 “小行动推动保护” 的逻辑。B（浪费）、C（花费）、D（称重）均与 “小选择的积极效果” 矛盾。 21. 句意：俱乐部成员感到很自豪，因为他们能向更多人传播有用的知识。 答案原因：需填体现 “传播知识后积极情绪” 的形容词，与 “能向更多人传播有用知识” 的成就感呼应。 上下文依据：俱乐部邀请科学家做讲座，50 多名学生参加并提问，成员们实现了 “传播森林保护知识” 的目标，会产生 “自豪” 的情绪，选项 C（proud，自豪的）符合逻辑。A（紧张的）、B（生气的）、D（难过的）均与 “实现目标” 的积极场景矛盾。 22. 句意：让我们现在就采取行动吧，为了我们的地球，也为了所有依赖森林生存的生物。 答案原因：需填体现 “生物与森林的依存关系” 的动词，与前文 “森林是生物栖息地、提供空气和水” 的内容呼应。 上下文依据：前文提到 “森林为人类提供清洁空气、水，为物种提供家园”，说明生物 “依赖” 森林生存，固定搭配 “depend on” 表示 “依赖”，选项 A（depend，依赖）符合搭配与语境。B（称呼）、C（生活）需搭配 “live in”，D（喂养）需搭配 “feed on”，均不符合句子结构与 “依存关系” 的核心逻辑。 三、阅读理解。(本大题共14小题，每小题2分，共28分) （A） In modern society, people use computers and the Internet every day. But do you know the history of the Internet?​ Many people are surprised when they find that the Internet was set up in the 1960s. At that time, computers were large and expensive. Computer networks didn't work well. If one computer in the network broke down, then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers. If part of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. In this way the computer network system would keep on working all the time.​ At first, the Internet was only used by the government, but in the early 1970s, universities, hospitals and banks were allowed to use it, too. However, computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. By the start of the 1990s, computers became cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software that made "surfing" the Internet more convenient.​ Today it is easy to get online and it is said that millions of people use the Internet every day. Sending e-mails is more and more popular among students.​ The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of people's life.​ 23. A new network system was set up to ______.​ A. make computers cheaper​ B. make itself keep on working all the time​ C. break down the whole network​ D. make computers large and expensive​ 24. At first, the Internet was only used by ______.​ A. the government B. universities​ C. hospitals and banks D. schools​ 25. ______ made "surfing" the Internet more convenient.​ A. Computers B. Scientists​ C. Software D. Information 【答案】23. B 24. A 25. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了互联网的发展历史：从 20 世纪 60 年代为解决早期计算机网络的缺陷而建立新网络系统，到最初仅由政府使用，再到 20 世纪 70 年代扩展至高校、医院和银行，20 世纪 90 年代因计算机普及和便捷软件的出现而更易使用，最终成为当今人们生活中最重要的部分之一，展现了互联网从诞生到普及的关键历程。 23. 细节理解题（考查对文章具体信息的定位与理解）。 答案依据：根据文章第二段内容 “If one computer in the network broke down, then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up... If part of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. In this way the computer network system would keep on working all the time.” 选项分析：新网络系统建立的核心目的是解决 “单个计算机故障导致整个网络瘫痪” 的问题，通过 “部分网络故障时可通过其他路径传输信息”，最终实现 “网络系统始终保持运行”。 A 选项 “让计算机更便宜”：文中未提及新网络系统与计算机价格的关联，属于无关信息； B 选项 “让自身始终保持运行”：与原文 “the computer network system would keep on working all the time” 完全对应，符合语境； C 选项 “破坏整个网络”：与原文 “解决网络故障” 的初衷相反，属于错误信息； D 选项 “让计算机又大又贵”：原文提到 “当时计算机又大又贵” 是早期背景，并非新网络系统的目的，逻辑颠倒。 24. 细节理解题（考查对文章明确陈述事实的抓取）。 答案依据：根据文章第三段开头 “At first, the Internet was only used by the government” 选项分析：题目问 “最初互联网仅被谁使用”，原文直接明确 “仅被政府使用”。 A 选项 “政府”：与原文表述完全一致，为正确答案； B 选项 “高校”、C 选项 “医院和银行”：原文提到 “20 世纪 70 年代初才允许高校、医院和银行使用”，并非 “最初”，时间范围错误； D 选项 “学校”：文中未提及 “学校” 是早期互联网的使用主体，属于无中生有。 25. 细节理解题（考查对 “因果关系” 类信息的定位）。 答案依据：根据文章第三段结尾 “Scientists had also developed software that made'surfing' the Internet more convenient.” 选项分析：题目问 “什么让‘上网冲浪’更便捷”，原文明确 “科学家开发的软件” 是直接原因。 A 选项 “计算机”：原文提到 “20 世纪 90 年代计算机更便宜易用” 是上网便捷的背景条件之一，但并非 “让冲浪更便捷” 的直接因素； B 选项 “科学家”：科学家是 “开发软件” 的主体，而非直接让冲浪便捷的事物，属于混淆 “主体” 与 “工具”； C 选项 “软件”：与原文 “software that made'surfing' the Internet more convenient” 完全对应，是直接原因，符合语境； D 选项 “信息”：文中未提及 “信息” 与上网便捷性的关联，属于无关信息。 （B） Do you know what STEAM is? It stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math. STEAM education is very popular in the US. It teaches students all these five subjects. It's an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) education. Many STEAM students choose jobs in engineering, the sciences or IT. But STEAM education is not just for college students. People from all ages can learn from it.​ A STEAM project in Arizona, US, tries to help people know more about STEAM. The museum in Arizona held a free show for students. They could learn more about STEAM there.​ The students were given a box with some tapes, cardboard (硬纸板) and motors (发动机). They could use these things to build a robot. It could run on the floor. The students learned about engineering and programming in this way.​ The museum also held a competition for the students. They must use their STEAM knowledge to build a robot. The winners could get some money. The students learned a lot from this competition.​ The museum plans to hold more STEAM activities for students and the public. They want more people to learn about STEAM.​ 26. What does STEAM stand for?​ A. Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math.​ B. Science, Technology, Education, Art and Math.​ C. Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Music.​ D. Science, Technology, Education, Art and Music.​ 27. What did the students use to build a robot?​ A. Tapes, cardboard and motors.​ B. Tapes, cardboard and paper.​ C. Tapes, motors and paper.​ D. Cardboard, motors and paper.​ 28. What's the best title for the passage?​ A. The History of STEAM​ B. The Meaning of STEAM​ C. STEAM Education in the US​ D. STEAM Projects in the World 【答案】26. A 27. A 28. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了 STEAM 的含义（代表科学、技术、工程、艺术和数学）及其跨学科教育属性，重点以美国亚利桑那州博物馆举办的 STEAM 项目为例，阐述了该项目通过免费展览（让学生用材料制作机器人）、竞赛等活动，帮助不同年龄段人群（尤其是学生）了解和学习 STEAM 知识，同时提及美国 STEAM 教育的普及性及博物馆未来计划开展更多相关活动的愿景。 26. 细节理解题（考查对专有名词定义的直接抓取）。 答案依据：根据文章第一段第二句 “It stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math.” 选项分析：题目直接询问 STEAM 的全称，原文明确给出了五个学科的英文名称，需与选项逐一匹配。 A 选项 “Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math”：与原文表述完全一致，每个字母对应的学科均无偏差，为正确答案； B 选项 “Education”（教育）替换了原文的 “Engineering”（工程），学科名称错误； C 选项 “Music”（音乐）替换了原文的 “Math”（数学），学科名称错误； D 选项 “Education” 和 “Music” 均替换了原文的 “Engineering” 和 “Math”，两处学科名称错误。 27. 细节理解题（考查对具体活动材料的定位）。 答案依据：根据文章第三段第一句 “The students were given a box with some tapes, cardboard (硬纸板) and motors (发动机). They could use these things to build a robot.” 选项分析：题目问学生用什么材料制作机器人，原文中 “these things” 指代前文提到的 “tapes, cardboard and motors”，需判断选项是否包含这三种材料。 A 选项 “Tapes, cardboard and motors”：与原文列举的三种材料完全一致，符合语境； B、C、D 选项均加入了原文未提及的 “paper”（纸），且缺少或替换了原文中的 “motors” 或 “cardboard”，材料清单与原文不符，均为错误选项。 28. 主旨大意题（考查对文章核心内容的概括与标题匹配）。 答案依据：文章整体逻辑为 “定义 STEAM→说明 STEAM 教育在美国的普及性→以美国亚利桑那州博物馆的 STEAM 项目为例介绍具体活动→提及项目目标与未来计划”，核心围绕 “美国的 STEAM 教育” 展开。 选项分析：标题需涵盖文章核心对象和范围，避免过于片面或宽泛。 A 选项 “The History of STEAM”（STEAM 的历史）：文章未提及 STEAM 的发展历史，仅介绍了含义和当前的教育项目，主题偏离； B 选项 “The Meaning of STEAM”（STEAM 的含义）：文章仅在开头解释了 STEAM 的全称，后续大量内容围绕美国的 STEAM 教育活动展开，该选项仅覆盖部分内容，过于片面； C 选项 “STEAM Education in the US”（美国的 STEAM 教育）：既包含了 STEAM 的基本概念，又涵盖了美国的具体教育项目（博物馆活动、竞赛等），完整概括了文章核心内容，符合主旨； D 选项 “STEAM Projects in the World”（全球的 STEAM 项目）：文章仅以美国亚利桑那州的项目为例，未提及 “全球范围” 的项目，范围过于宽泛，与原文内容不符。 （C） AI in Education: Changing How Students Learn Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer just a topic in science fiction movies. Today, it’s becoming a part of everyday life—including education. From smart homework tools to personalized learning programs, AI is changing how students learn and how teachers teach. One of the biggest advantages of AI in education is personalized learning. Every student learns at a different speed and has different strengths and weaknesses. In a traditional classroom, teachers can’t always give each student the attention they need. But AI programs can. For example, some math apps use AI to check a student’s homework. If a student makes a mistake in a math problem, the app doesn’t just tell them the correct answer—it explains why they were wrong and gives extra practice problems on the same topic. This helps students focus on what they need to improve, instead of wasting time on things they already know. AI also helps teachers save time. Grading homework, especially for large classes, takes a lot of time. AI tools can grade multiple-choice tests and even simple writing assignments in minutes. This gives teachers more time to plan interesting lessons and help students who need extra support. Some schools also use AI to analyze (分析) student data. For example, if many students in a class struggle with a certain grammar rule, the AI system will tell the teacher. The teacher can then spend more time explaining that rule to the class. But AI in education also has its challenges. One of the biggest concerns is privacy. AI programs collect a lot of student data, such as test scores and learning habits. If this data is not kept safe, it could be stolen or used in a bad way. Another challenge is that some students might become too dependent on AI. For example, if a student uses an AI tool to write essays or solve math problems without thinking, they won’t learn the skills they need for future exams or jobs. Despite these challenges, most experts believe that AI will play a more important role in education in the future. As AI technology improves, it will become better at understanding students’ needs and providing helpful support. But it’s important to remember that AI is a tool, not a replacement for teachers. Good teachers bring empathy (同理心), creativity, and human connection—things that AI can never copy. The best education system will use AI to help teachers do their jobs better, while keeping the human touch at the center of learning. 29. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. AI helps teachers save time in grading homework. B. AI provides personalized learning for students. C. Traditional classrooms have many disadvantages. D. Math apps are the most useful AI tools for students. 30. How does AI help teachers according to the passage? A. It gives students extra practice problems. B. It writes essays for students who need help. C. It grades homework quickly and analyzes student data. D. It replaces teachers in planning interesting lessons. 31. What is a big concern about AI in education? A. AI can’t explain math problems clearly. B. AI may make students too dependent on it. C. AI doesn’t collect enough student data. D. AI is too expensive for most schools. 32. What do most experts think about AI in education? A. AI will replace teachers in the future. B. AI is not useful for improving students’ skills. C. AI will be more important but can’t replace teachers. D. AI will stop being used in education because of privacy issues. 【答案】29. B 30. C 31. B 32. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主旨大意为：人工智能（AI）已不再局限于科幻电影，而是逐渐融入教育领域，改变着学生的学习方式与教师的教学方式。文章既介绍了 AI 在教育中的优势 —— 如提供个性化学习、帮助教师节省时间（快速批改作业、分析学生数据），也指出了其面临的挑战（隐私问题、学生可能过度依赖 AI），最后强调多数专家认为未来 AI 在教育中的作用会更重要，但它始终是辅助工具，无法替代教师的同理心、创造力等人类特质。 29. 段落主旨题。 解题依据：段落主旨通常由首句（主题句）或末句概括，第二段首句明确指出 “One of the biggest advantages of AI in education is personalized learning”（AI 在教育中的最大优势之一是个性化学习），后文通过 “数学 APP 根据学生作业错误提供解释和额外练习” 的例子，进一步论证 AI 如何实现个性化学习，核心围绕 “个性化学习” 展开。 选项排除： A 选项 “AI 帮助教师节省批改作业的时间” 是第三段内容，与第二段无关； C 选项 “传统课堂有很多缺点” 是第二段中对比 AI 优势时的次要信息，并非段落主旨； D 选项 “数学 APP 是对学生最有用的 AI 工具” 仅为第二段的举例，不能概括段落核心。 因此，B 选项 “AI 为学生提供个性化学习” 符合语境。 30. 细节理解题。 解题依据：根据第三段内容，AI 帮助教师的方式有两处明确表述：①“AI tools can grade multiple-choice tests and even simple writing assignments in minutes”（AI 工具能在几分钟内批改选择题甚至简单的写作作业，即快速批改作业）；②“Some schools also use AI to analyze student data”（一些学校用 AI 分析学生数据）。这两点与 C 选项完全对应。 选项排除： A 选项 “为学生提供额外练习题目” 是 AI 对学生的帮助，而非对教师的帮助； B 选项 “为需要帮助的学生写作文” 是文章警示的 “学生过度依赖 AI” 的负面行为，且并非 AI 对教师的帮助； D 选项 “替代教师设计有趣的课程” 与原文 “it gives teachers more time to plan interesting lessons”（给教师更多时间设计课程）不符，AI 并未替代教师。 因此，C 选项符合语境。 31. 细节理解题。 解题依据：第四段明确提到 AI 在教育中的挑战，其中 “Another challenge is that some students might become too dependent on AI”（另一个挑战是部分学生可能过度依赖 AI），这与 B 选项完全一致。 选项排除： A 选项 “AI 无法清晰解释数学问题” 与第二段 “the app… explains why they were wrong”（APP 会解释错误原因）矛盾； C 选项 “AI 收集的学生数据不足” 与第四段 “AI programs collect a lot of student data”（AI 程序收集大量学生数据）矛盾； D 选项 “AI 对多数学校来说太贵” 在原文中未提及，属于无中生有。 因此，B 选项符合语境。 32. 细节理解题。 解题依据：第五段首句 “most experts believe that AI will play a more important role in education in the future”（多数专家认为未来 AI 在教育中的作用会更重要），以及后文 “it’s important to remember that AI is a tool, not a replacement for teachers”（重要的是要记住 AI 是工具，而非教师的替代品），这两点结合即 C 选项的内容。 选项排除： A 选项 “AI 未来会替代教师” 与原文 “not a replacement for teachers” 矛盾； B 选项 “AI 对提升学生技能无用” 与第二段 AI 帮助学生 “focus on what they need to improve”（专注于需要提升的部分）矛盾； D 选项 “因隐私问题 AI 将停止在教育中使用” 与原文 “Despite these challenges, most experts believe that AI will play a more important role”（尽管有挑战，但 AI 作用会更重要）矛盾。 因此，C 选项符合语境。 （D） How Students Can Practice Environmental Protection Environmental protection is a big topic, but it’s not just for scientists or governments. Students can also play an important role in keeping the planet healthy. With small, daily actions, students can reduce waste, save energy, and help protect nature. Here are some ways students can practice environmental protection in their lives. First, reducing waste is a simple but effective way. Many students bring lunch to school in plastic bags or disposable (一次性的) boxes. These items take hundreds of years to break down and often end up in oceans or landfills. Instead, students can use reusable lunch boxes and water bottles. They can also bring their own cloth bags when shopping with their families, instead of using plastic bags. Another way to reduce waste is to recycle. Students can separate paper, plastic, and glass from other trash at home and school. Many schools have recycling bins, so it’s easy to throw waste in the right place. Recycling helps save resources—for example, recycling one ton of paper saves 17 trees and 7,000 gallons of water. Second, saving energy is important for the environment. Students can do this at home and school. At home, they can turn off lights, TVs, and computers when they’re not using them. They can also ask their parents to use energy-saving light bulbs, which use less electricity and last longer. At school, students can remind their classmates to turn off the lights in the classroom when everyone leaves. Another way to save energy is to walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car or bus. This not only saves fuel but also keeps the air clean. If the school is too far to walk or bike, students can take public transportation with their friends or family. Third, students can help protect nature by planting trees or taking care of plants. Many schools have gardens or green spaces. Students can join after-school clubs that plant flowers or vegetables. Planting trees helps absorb carbon dioxide and provides homes for birds and insects. Students can also take part in community clean-up activities. For example, they can join a group to pick up trash in a local park or near a river. This helps keep nature clean and prevents animals from eating or getting hurt by trash. Finally, students can spread awareness (意识) about environmental protection. They can talk to their friends and family about why it’s important to protect the environment and share simple ways to help. They can also make posters or give short talks at school to encourage other students to take action. Even small actions, like telling a friend to recycle a plastic bottle, can make a difference. Environmental protection is not a one-time action—it’s a habit. By doing these small things every day, students can help make the planet a cleaner, healthier place for everyone. Remember, every person’s action counts, and students have the power to lead the way in protecting our environment. 33. What can students do to reduce waste according to the passage? A. Use disposable lunch boxes for school lunches. B. Throw all trash in the same bin at school. C. Use reusable water bottles and cloth bags. D. Buy more plastic products to save money. 34. How can students save energy at school? A. Leave the classroom lights on when leaving. B. Ride a bike to school if it’s not too far. C. Use more electricity to keep the classroom warm. D. Ask parents to drive them to school every day. 35. Why is planting trees helpful for the environment? A. It provides more disposable items for students. B. It absorbs carbon dioxide and helps animals. C. It uses more water and resources. D. It makes schools look less beautiful. 36. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell students about the history of environmental protection. B. To explain why only scientists can protect the environment. C. To give students ways to practice environmental protection. D. To show that environmental protection is too hard for students. 【答案】33. C 34. B 35. B 36. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主旨大意为：环境保护并非仅属于科学家或政府的议题，学生也能通过日常小事发挥重要作用。文章围绕 “学生如何践行环境保护” 展开，从四个核心方面提供具体方法 —— 减少浪费（使用可重复用品、分类回收）、节约能源（随手关灯、绿色出行）、保护自然（植树、参与清洁活动）、传播环保意识（分享知识、制作宣传材料），并强调环保是一种习惯，鼓励学生通过日常行动为地球清洁健康贡献力量。 33. 细节理解题。 解题依据：根据第二段关于 “减少浪费” 的内容，原文明确提到 “Instead, students can use reusable lunch boxes and water bottles. They can also bring their own cloth bags when shopping with their families, instead of using plastic bags”（相反，学生可以使用可重复使用的饭盒和水杯，和家人购物时也可以自带布袋，而非使用塑料袋），这与选项 C 的表述完全一致。 选项排除： A 选项 “使用一次性饭盒带午餐” 与原文 “avoid disposable boxes”（避免一次性饭盒）的建议矛盾； B 选项 “在学校将所有垃圾扔进同一个垃圾桶” 与原文 “separate paper, plastic, and glass from other trash”（将纸、塑料、玻璃与其他垃圾分类）的回收要求矛盾； D 选项 “购买更多塑料制品省钱” 与 “减少浪费、避免塑料” 的环保理念完全相悖。 因此，C 选项符合语境。 34. 细节理解题。 解题依据：根据第三段关于 “在学校节约能源” 的内容，原文提到 “Another way to save energy is to walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car or bus”（另一种节能方式是步行或骑自行车上学，而非乘坐汽车或公交车），且明确说明 “如果学校不远”，这与选项 B 的表述一致。 选项排除： A 选项 “离开时让教室灯亮着” 与原文 “remind their classmates to turn off the lights in the classroom when everyone leaves”（提醒同学离开时关灯）的建议矛盾； C 选项 “使用更多电力保持教室温暖” 与 “节约能源” 的核心目标相悖； D 选项 “让父母每天开车送自己上学” 与 “绿色出行、减少燃油消耗” 的节能方式矛盾。 因此，B 选项符合语境。 35. 细节理解题。 解题依据：根据第四段关于 “植树对环境的帮助”，原文明确指出 “Planting trees helps absorb carbon dioxide and provides homes for birds and insects”（植树有助于吸收二氧化碳，并为鸟类和昆虫提供栖息地），即 “吸收二氧化碳 + 帮助动物”，与选项 B 完全对应。 选项排除： A 选项 “为学生提供更多一次性用品” 与植树的环保作用无关，且一次性用品是环保需减少的对象； C 选项 “消耗更多水和资源” 与原文 “recycling saves resources”（回收节约资源）的环保逻辑相悖，且植树的生态价值远大于短期资源消耗； D 选项 “让学校看起来更不美观” 与常识和原文 “学校有花园或绿地” 的积极描述矛盾。 因此，B 选项符合语境。 36. 主旨目的题。 解题依据：文章开篇即点明 “Students can also play an important role... Here are some ways students can practice environmental protection in their lives”（学生也能发挥重要作用…… 以下是学生在生活中践行环保的一些方法），后文所有内容均围绕 “具体环保方法” 展开，结尾再次强调 “By doing these small things every day, students can help make the planet cleaner”（通过日常小事，学生能助力地球清洁），核心目的是 “给学生提供践行环保的方法”，与选项 C 一致。 选项排除： A 选项 “告诉学生环保的历史”：原文未提及任何关于 “环保历史” 的内容，属于无中生有； B 选项 “解释为何只有科学家能环保”：与原文首句 “it’s not just for scientists or governments”（不仅属于科学家或政府）完全矛盾； D 选项 “表明环保对学生来说太难”：与原文 “small, daily actions”（日常小事）“environmental protection is a habit”（环保是习惯）的易操作描述矛盾。 因此，C 选项符合语境。 四、还原句子。（共 4 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 6 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When you are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. Here are some good reading tips.​ 37 Read something that you can understand. If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting.​ Try to increase the number of your new words. If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook. 38 Instead, try to guess their meanings as you read: mark them with a pen. Then come back when you have finished reading to look them up in a dictionary and write them in your own vocabulary book. Then try to remember them.​ Try to read regularly (定期地). 39 Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday. Fix a time to read and keep to it. You could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed, or when you get up or at lunchtime.​ Read what interests you. Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it. 40 You can also read newspapers. There are many English newspapers in China. It is easy enough to understand and also there is something interesting in it.​ A. So, choose an interesting book.​ B. Try to read at the right level.​ C. For example, read for a short time once a day.​ D. But you don't have to write them while you read.​ E. You should read as much as you can.​ F. Reading a lot can help you write better. 【答案】37. B 38. D 39. C 40. A 【导语】本文围绕英语阅读展开，指出阅读在英语学习中具有重要作用，并从 “选择合适难度的材料”“合理处理生词”“保持定期阅读习惯”“选择感兴趣的内容” 四个方面，提供了实用的英语阅读技巧，帮助学习者更高效地通过阅读提升英语能力。 37. 句意：尝试阅读难度合适的材料。 语境匹配原因：空后句子 “Read something that you can understand. If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting.”（阅读你能理解的内容。如果你每三个词就要停下来查字典，那就没什么意思了），核心是强调 “阅读材料需易懂、难度适配”，与选项 B 中 “the right level”（合适的难度）完全呼应，是对空后内容的概括性引导，因此 B 为正确答案。 上下文依据：后文 “Read something that you can understand. If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting.” 38. 句意：但你不必在阅读时就把它们（生词）写下来。 语境匹配原因：空前句子提到 “If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook.”（如果一页上有四五个生词，把它们写在笔记本上），而空后句子 “Instead, try to guess their meanings as you read: mark them with a pen.”（相反，在阅读时试着猜测它们的意思：用钢笔标记出来）中，“Instead”（相反）提示前后存在转折关系 —— 前文建议 “写下生词”，后文实际建议 “先标记、不急于写”，选项 D 的 “don't have to write them while you read”（不必阅读时写）恰好承接前文并引出后文的转折内容，逻辑连贯，因此 D 为正确答案。 上下文依据：前文 “If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook.”；后文 “Instead, try to guess their meanings as you read: mark them with a pen.” 39. 句意：例如，每天阅读一小段时间。 语境匹配原因：空前句子 “Try to read regularly (定期地).”（尽量定期阅读）提出 “定期阅读” 的建议，空后句子 “Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday.”（每天 15 分钟比每周日 2 小时更好）则用具体时长对比，进一步解释 “定期阅读” 的具体方式（短时间、高频次）。选项 C 的 “read for a short time once a day”（每天读一小段）是对 “定期阅读” 的具体举例，既承接前文的 “定期” 建议，又为后文的 “15 分钟每天” 提供了例证，起到过渡作用，因此 C 为正确答案。 上下文依据：前文 “Try to read regularly (定期地).”；后文 “Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday.” 40. 句意：所以，选择一本有趣的书。 语境匹配原因：空前句子 “Read what interests you. Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it.”（阅读你感兴趣的内容。选择一本关于你喜欢的主题的书或杂志，因为你会花费时间和金钱去阅读它）核心是 “阅读应选感兴趣的内容”，空后句子 “You can also read newspapers. There are many English newspapers in China. It is easy enough to understand and also there is something interesting in it.”（你也可以读报纸。中国有很多英文报纸，内容足够易懂，而且其中也有有趣的东西）则补充 “报纸也是有趣的选择”。选项 A 的 “choose an interesting book”（选有趣的书）是对前文 “选感兴趣内容” 的直接总结，“So”（所以）体现因果逻辑（因为要花时间金钱，所以选有趣的），同时引出后文对 “其他有趣阅读材料（报纸）” 的补充，因此 A 为正确答案。 上下文依据：前文 “Read what interests you. Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it.”；后文 “You can also read newspapers... also there is something interesting in it.” 五、阅读短文，回答问题。（共 4 小题，前 3 小题每题 2 分，第 4 小题 3 分，满分 9 分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题。注意：前3题，每题答案不得超过 10 个词；第4小题不限词数。 The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms (节气). Grain Rain (谷雨), as the last term in spring, starts on April 19 and ends on May 4.​ Grain Rain comes from the old saying, "Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains", which shows that this period of rainfall is very important for the growth of crops. Here's something that you may not know about the Grain Rain.​ ①Grain Rain, the last solar term of spring, falls when spring is drawing to a close (and summer is about to begin), and the temperature rises much higher than it does in March. With dry soil and heavy winds, sandstorms may happen more often.​ ②There is an old custom in southern China that people drink tea on the day of Grain Rain. Spring tea during Grain Rain is good for the eyes. It is also said that drinking tea on this day would prevent bad luck.​ ③People in northern China have the tradition to eat the vegetable toona sinensis during Grain Rain. An old Chinese saying goes "toona sinensis before the rain is as tender as silk (嫩如丝)". The vegetable is good for the stomach and skin.​ ④The Grain Rain Festival is celebrated by fishing villages in northern China. Grain Rain marks the start of the fishermen's first voyage (航行) of the year. This custom dates back over 2,000 years.​ 41. When does Grain Rain start?​ 42. What old saying does Grain Rain come from?​ 43. What is good for the eyes during Grain Rain?​ 44. Why do fishermen in northern China celebrate the Grain Rain Festival? 【答案】41. It starts on April 19. 42. Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains. 43. Spring tea during Grain Rain. 44. Because Grain Rain marks the start of the fishermen's first voyage of the year. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统节气 “谷雨” 的时间范围、名称由来，以及谷雨时节的气候特点和南北方不同的习俗（如南方饮春茶、北方吃香椿、北方渔村过谷雨节）。 41. 题目意思：谷雨从什么时候开始？ 解析：根据短文第一段 “Grain Rain (谷雨), as the last term in spring, starts on April 19 and ends on May 4” 可知，谷雨的起始时间为 4 月 19 日，直接提取该信息即可，且答案符合 “不超过 10 个词” 的要求。 42. 题目意思：谷雨来源于哪句古语？ 解析：短文第二段明确提到 “Grain Rain comes from the old saying, 'Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains'”，题目问 “古语内容”，直接引用句中引号内的古语即可，字数也符合要求。 43. 题目意思：谷雨期间什么对眼睛有益？ 解析：根据短文第四段 “Spring tea during Grain Rain is good for the eyes” 可知，“谷雨期间的春茶” 对眼睛好，提取核心短语 “Spring tea during Grain Rain”，既准确又满足字数限制。 44. 题目意思：中国北方的渔民为什么庆祝谷雨节？ 解析：短文最后一段指出 “The Grain Rain Festival is celebrated by fishing villages in northern China. Grain Rain marks the start of the fishermen's first voyage (航行) of the year”，后一句即为渔民庆祝谷雨节的原因，直接用 “Because” 连接该原因即可，完整且符合逻辑。 六、短文填空。（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，或根据上下文在空白处填入一个适当的词，使短文通顺、完整。 Space has always been a mystery (神秘事物) to humans. For thousands of years, people have looked up at the night sky and wondered about the stars, moons, and planets. Today, with the help of advanced technology, we are learning more about space than ever 45.________. One of the most exciting parts of space exploration (探索) is visiting other planets. So far, scientists 46.________ (send) many robots to Mars. These robots take photos of the planet’s surface, collect soil samples, and send data back to Earth. Mars is often called the "Red Planet" because of its reddish color, which comes from iron oxide (氧化铁) in its soil. Scientists believe that Mars may have had water and even life in the past. They hope that one day, humans 47.________ (land) on Mars and live there. The Moon is another important object in space that we have explored. In 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon. Since then, many countries 48.________ (send) astronauts to the Moon to do research. The Moon has no atmosphere (大气层), so the sky there is always black, even during the day. The temperature on the Moon is also very extreme—it can be as hot as 127°C during the day and as cold as -173°C at night. Asteroids (小行星) are small, rocky objects that orbit (绕…… 运行) the Sun. Most asteroids are in the asteroid belt, which is between Mars and Jupiter. Some asteroids are very small, while others are hundreds of kilometers 49.________ diameter (直径). Scientists study asteroids because they can tell us about the early history of the solar system. They also worry that some large asteroids might hit Earth one day, so they keep 50.________ (watch) them closely. Black holes are one of the most mysterious things in space. A black hole is a place where gravity (引力) is so strong that even light cannot escape from it. This means we cannot see black holes directly. Instead, scientists detect (探测) them by observing the effect they have on nearby stars and gas. Black holes form when a very large star runs out of fuel and collapses (坍塌) under its own weight. Some black holes are as small as a single atom, while others are much 51.________ (large) than the Sun. Space exploration is not easy. It requires a lot of money, time, and hard work. Astronauts who go to space face many challenges, such as zero gravity, radiation (辐射), and long periods away from home. But the knowledge we gain from exploring space helps us understand our planet and the universe better. It also leads to new technologies that improve our daily lives—for example, many of the materials used in smartphones and medical equipment were first developed for space missions. In the future, we can expect even more exciting discoveries in space. Maybe we will find life on another planet, or learn how to travel to other stars. Whatever happens, space will continue to inspire (激励) humans to dream big and push the limits of what is possible. As the famous astronaut Carl Sagan once said, "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting 52.________ (be) known." Space is a big and wonderful place, and there is still so much we don’t know. Every new discovery brings us one step closer to understanding the universe we live 53.________. Whether we are looking at the stars from our backyard or sending robots to other planets, space exploration helps us see how small Earth is in the big universe—and how important it is to protect 54.________ (our) planet. 【答案】45. before 46. have sent 47. will land 48. have sent 49. in 50. watching 51. larger 52. to be 53. in 54. our 【导语】本文围绕人类对太空的探索展开，介绍了火星、月球、小行星、黑洞等太空天体的特点及人类对它们的探索成果，同时提及太空探索的难度、带来的益处，并展望未来，强调太空探索对人类理解宇宙和保护地球的意义。 45. 句意：如今，在先进技术的帮助下，我们对太空的了解比以往任何时候都多。 语境匹配原因：“than ever before” 是固定搭配，意为 “比以往任何时候”，用于强调当前与过去在 “对太空的了解程度” 上的对比，符合 “技术进步带来更多认知” 的语境。 上下文依据：前文提到 “For thousands of years, people have looked up at the night sky and wondered...”（几千年来，人们仰望夜空并感到好奇），后文用 “today”（如今）与过去对比，“than ever before” 恰好衔接 “过去的好奇” 与 “现在的更多了解”，无明确单句引用，而是基于 “过去-现在” 的时间逻辑。 46. 句意：到目前为止，科学家已经向火星发射了许多机器人。 语境匹配原因：句中时间状语 “So far”（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志性提示词，强调 “从过去开始的动作（发射机器人）持续到现在，且可能仍有影响”，符合 “科学家持续探索火星” 的语境。 上下文依据：明确时间状语 “So far”，根据语法规则，“So far” 后需接现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词），主语 “scientists” 是复数，故用 “have sent”。 47. 句意：他们希望有一天，人类能在火星上着陆并在那里生活。 语境匹配原因：“one day” 在此处指 “未来的某一天”，表示对未来动作的预测，需用一般将来时（will + 动词原形），符合 “科学家对人类未来探索火星的期望” 的语境。 上下文依据：前文提到 “Scientists believe that Mars may have had water and even life in the past”（科学家认为火星过去可能有水甚至生命），后文 “hope that...” 引出对未来的期待，关键提示词是 “one day”（未来时间），故用 “will land”。 48. 句意：从那以后，许多国家已经派遣宇航员到月球进行研究。 语境匹配原因：时间状语 “Since then”（从那以后，指 1969 年尼尔・阿姆斯特朗登月之后）是现在完成时的标志，强调 “从过去某一时间点（1969 年）开始的动作（派遣宇航员）持续到现在”，符合 “人类持续探索月球” 的语境。 上下文依据：前文提到 “In 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon”（1969 年尼尔・阿姆斯特朗成为首位登月者），后文 “Since then” 承接该过去时间点，提示动作持续到现在，主语 “many countries” 是复数，故用 “have sent”。 49. 句意：有些小行星非常小，而另一些直径则有数百公里。 语境匹配原因：“in diameter” 是固定搭配，意为 “在直径方面”，用于描述物体的直径大小，符合 “介绍小行星直径差异” 的语境。 上下文依据：句子核心是对比小行星的大小，“hundreds of kilometers”（数百公里）描述的是 “直径” 的具体数值，需用 “in diameter” 连接，属于固定搭配，无额外上下文单句引用。 50. 句意：他们还担心有一天一些大型小行星可能会撞击地球，所以他们一直密切观察它们。 语境匹配原因：“keep doing sth” 是固定用法，意为 “持续 / 一直做某事”，强调动作的持续性，符合 “科学家为防范小行星撞击而持续观察” 的语境。 上下文依据：前文提到 “they worry that some large asteroids might hit Earth one day”（他们担心大型小行星可能撞击地球），后文 “so” 引出结果 ——“持续观察”，关键动词是 “keep”，故用 “watching”。 51. 句意：有些黑洞像单个原子一样小，而另一些则比太阳大得多。 语境匹配原因：句中 “than” 是比较级的标志性提示词，需用形容词的比较级形式；“large” 的比较级是 “larger”，符合 “对比不同黑洞大小” 的语境。 上下文依据：句子通过 “Some... while others...”（一些…… 而另一些……）对比黑洞的大小，明确出现比较级提示词 “than”，故用 “larger”。 52. 句意：正如著名宇航员卡尔・萨根曾经说过的：“在某个地方，总有令人难以置信的事物等待被发现。” 语境匹配原因：“wait to do sth” 是固定用法，意为 “等待做某事”；且 “事物” 与 “被发现” 是被动关系，需用 “to be + 过去分词” 的被动结构，符合 “事物等待被人类认知” 的语境。 上下文依据：关键动词是 “waiting”，“wait” 后需接 “to do” 结构；“incredible things”（令人难以置信的事物）是 “被知道（known）” 的对象，存在被动关系，故用 “to be”。 53. 句意：每一项新发现都让我们离理解我们所生活的宇宙更近一步。 语境匹配原因：“live in the universe” 是固定搭配，意为 “生活在宇宙中”，“in” 表示 “在…… 里面”，符合 “人类生活在宇宙中的客观事实”。 上下文依据：句子核心是 “the universe we live...”，“live” 是不及物动词，后接表示地点的名词时需加介词 “in”，故用 “in”。 54. 句意：无论我们是在后院仰望星空，还是向其他行星派遣机器人，太空探索都能让我们明白地球在浩瀚宇宙中是多么渺小 —— 以及保护我们的星球是多么重要。 语境匹配原因：“planet”（星球）是名词，需用形容词性物主代词修饰；“our”（我们的）对应前文的 “we”（我们），符合 “人类保护自己所居住的地球” 的语境。 上下文依据：前文提到 “how small Earth is”（地球多么渺小），后文 “protect... planet” 中的 “planet” 指的就是地球，且主语是 “we”，故用形容词性物主代词 “our”。 七、书面表达。(15分) 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 想了解你最好的朋友。请根据以下要点提示，写一封电子邮件向他介绍你的朋友。​ 要点提示：​ 1. 朋友的基本信息（年龄、外貌等）；​ 2. 朋友的性格特点（如：友好、善良、幽默等）；​ 3. 你和朋友一起做的事情（如：学习、运动、玩耍等）。​ 要求：​ 1. 包含所有要点提示，可适当发挥；​ 2. 语句通顺，语法正确，书写工整；​ 3. 词数：80 词左右。邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。​ Dear Tom,​ How is it going? I'm very glad to tell you something about my best friend. I hope you can know more about my friend. Looking forward to your reply.​ Best wishes!​ Yours,​ Li Hua 例文： Dear Tom, How is it going? I'm very glad to tell you something about my best friend. Her name is Lily, and she is 14 years old. She has big eyes and long black hair, and she always wears a smile. Lily is very kind and humorous. She often helps classmates with their studies and tells funny jokes to make us laugh. We usually study together after school, helping each other solve difficult problems. On weekends, we often go for a walk in the park or play badminton. I hope you can know more about my friend. Looking forward to your reply. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 [总体分析] 1. 题材 本文属于电子邮件体裁，是日常交际类写作，核心目的是向英国笔友 Tom 介绍自己的最佳朋友，内容需贴近生活，语言风格应亲切、自然，符合朋友间沟通的语气，同时要包含 “基本信息、性格特点、共同活动” 三个核心要点，确保信息完整且有条理。 2. 时态 全文以一般现在时为主。因为介绍的是朋友的固定信息（年龄、外貌、性格）和常态化的共同活动（一起学习、周末运动等），这些都是长期稳定存在的情况，无需使用过去时或将来时，仅在补充偶尔发生的细节时（如 “有时我们会一起看电影”）可灵活添加 “sometimes” 等频率副词，仍保持一般现在时框架。 3. 写作提示 要点覆盖：严格按照题目要求，先介绍基本信息（姓名、年龄、外貌，外貌可加入 “tall and thin”“wears glasses” 等细节），再描述性格（用具体事例支撑，如 “kind” 可搭配 “helps elderly cross the road”），最后写共同活动（分 “课后” 和 “周末” 场景，让内容更具体）。 逻辑衔接：使用 “and”“also”“usually”“on weekends” 等连接词，让句子间过渡自然，避免内容零散。 字数控制：开头结尾已给出，主体部分约 60-70 词即可，每个要点用 1-2 句话展开，不冗余也不遗漏。 [写作步骤] 第一步：介绍朋友基本信息（开篇点题，简洁明了） 先交代朋友的姓名和年龄，再描述外貌特征（如眼睛、头发、体型、是否戴眼镜等），可加入 “always wears a smile” 这类细节，让人物形象更生动。 示例：“His name is Mike, and he is the same age as me—14 years old. He is tall with short brown hair and a pair of black glasses, which makes him look smart.” 第二步：描述朋友性格特点（结合事例，避免空洞） 先点明性格关键词（如 kind、humorous、helpful），再用 1 个具体小事例证明，让性格更真实可感。 示例：“Mike is very helpful and humorous. When I forget my umbrella, he always shares his with me; he also tells interesting stories in class to make everyone laugh.” 第三步：讲述共同做的事情（分场景，条理清晰） 按 “课后” 和 “周末” 分类，列举 1-2 件常做的事（如学习、运动、看电影等），体现两人的友谊。 示例：“After school, we often study together in the library and help each other with math problems. On weekends, we usually play basketball in the community park or go to the cinema to watch cartoons.” 第四步：检查补充（对照要求，完善细节） 通读内容，确认是否包含所有要点，语法是否正确（如第三人称单数形式 “he helps”“she likes”），词数是否符合要求，适当调整语句流畅度。 [亮点词汇] 1. 外貌描述类：with short brown hair（留着棕色短发）、wear a pair of glasses（戴一副眼镜）、have big bright eyes（长着明亮的大眼睛）、long black hair（黑色长发）、be tall and thin（又高又瘦）、always wear a smile（总是面带微笑） 2. 性格描述类：helpful（乐于助人的）、humorous（幽默的）、kind-hearted（心地善良的）、friendly（友好的）、outgoing（外向的）、patient（有耐心的） 3. 活动描述类：study together（一起学习）、play badminton（打羽毛球）、go for a walk（散步）、play basketball（打篮球）、watch cartoons（看动画片）、solve difficult problems（解决难题）、practice English（练习英语） 4. 逻辑连接类：on weekends（在周末）、usually（通常）、often（经常）、sometimes（有时）、after school（放学后）、in the park（在公园里） [高分句型] 1. 介绍基本信息句型 “His/Her name is..., and he/she is + 年龄 + years old. He/She + 外貌特征，which makes him/her look + 形容词.” 示例：“Her name is Lucy, and she is 14 years old. She has big blue eyes and long curly hair, which makes her look lovely.” 2. 描述性格与事例句型 “... is very + 性格关键词. When + 场景，he/she always + 具体行为；he/she also + 另一个行为 to + 目的.” 示例：“Lucy is very kind. When her classmates are in trouble, she always tries to help them; she also shares her snacks with us to make friends happy.” 3. 讲述共同活动句型 “After school, we often + 课后活动；on weekends, we usually + 周末活动.” 示例：“After school, we often practice English together; on weekends, we usually go hiking with our parents.” 4. 人物形象总结句型 “He/She is not only + 性格 1, but also + 性格 2, so everyone likes to make friends with him/her.” 示例：“He is not only smart, but also friendly, so everyone likes to make friends with him.” 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元测试（常州专用） Unit 1·培优卷（参考答案） 一、单项选择。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 二、完形填空。(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分) 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. A 三、阅读理解。(本大题共14小题，每小题2分，共28分) 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. C 四、还原句子。（共 4 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 6 分） 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. A 五、阅读短文，回答问题。（共 4 小题，前 3 小题每题 2 分，第 4 小题 3 分，满分 9 分） 41. It starts on April 19. 42. Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains. 43. Spring tea during Grain Rain. 44. Because Grain Rain marks the start of the fishermen's first voyage of the year. 六、短文填空。（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 45. before 46. have sent 47. will land 48. have sent 49. in 50. watching 51. larger 52. to be 53. in 54. our 七、书面表达。(15分) Dear Tom, How is it going? I'm very glad to tell you something about my best friend. Her name is Lily, and she is 14 years old. She has big eyes and long black hair, and she always wears a smile. Lily is very kind and humorous. She often helps classmates with their studies and tells funny jokes to make us laugh. We usually study together after school, helping each other solve difficult problems. On weekends, we often go for a walk in the park or play badminton. I hope you can know more about my friend. Looking forward to your reply. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$