专题04 阅读理解 （议论文）（期中真题汇编，安徽专用）高一英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·安徽池州·期中） In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair­-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability (信任). Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person’s place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener. At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me. Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me. There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me. When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I’ve found a friend! 1．Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend? A．Understanding. B．Honesty. C．Reliability. D．A sense of humor. 2．If you have fair-weather friends, ________. A．they will give you all that they have when you need help B．you will be refused when you get into trouble C．you can be sure that you get real friends D．you will become rich 3．How many qualities does the writer mention in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 【导语】本问是一篇议论文。文章讲述了真正的好朋友应该具有的品质：理解，诚实、可靠和幽默。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. (最重要的是，我希望朋友能理解我。)”可知，作者认为选择朋友时最重要的是互相理解。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段提到的“Sometimes you will meet fair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck，but when you are down, they will run away. (有时你会遇到酒肉朋友。只要你有钱或运气好，他们就会和你在一起，但当你走下坡路时，他们就会跑掉。)”可知，如果你的朋友是只会同安乐却不能共患难的朋友，那么当你陷入麻烦时，你会被拒绝。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. (最重要的是，我希望朋友能理解我。)”，第三段第一句“At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. (然而，与此同时，好朋友是诚实的。)”，第四段第一句“Another quality of a friend is reliability. (朋友的另一个品质是可靠。)”以及第五段 “A good friend has a good sense of humor too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. (好朋友也有很好的幽默感。他喜欢和我一起笑。这就是我们如何分享成为朋友的快乐。)”可知，作者在文章中提到了四种朋友应该拥有的品质：理解，诚实、可靠和幽默。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·阜阳一中·期中） Let’s take a moment to consider the words of one of America’s most remarkable philosophers, Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau spent the years 1845—1847 living on the outskirts of society in a small cabin in the woods by the side of Walden Pond. He called this period of his life an experiment of intentional living and wrote this famous paragraph: I went to the woods because I wished to live intentionally, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow (吸取精华) of life. There is great wisdom in Thoreau’s purpose here, and I think it’s very useful to ask ourselves this question: What would our lives be like if we sucked all the marrow out of life? If Thoreau’s quote sounds familiar, it may be from watching the film Dead Poets Society, a movie with deep wisdom. The film is about young men at a boarding school as they prepare to do good in the world because they have the privilege to bring about change. Their English teacher tries to convince them that they should live life well now instead of believing that they will find happiness after they reach certain goals. Part of his argument is conveyed by quoting this famous passage from Thoreau. Sucking the marrow out of life sounds simple enough, but as a matter of fact, it may be the most difficult thing that we can ever do. But it actually is as simple as it sounds—though “simple” is not quite the same thing as “easy”. I can think of one barrier that often keeps us from living our best lives. What keeps us from getting the most out of life is our desire for approval and fame. In the process of always looking for fame and glory, there is the danger that we will stop living. In order to seek approval from others, we fail to find a sense of approval within our own spirit. When we become aware that we are missing so much out of life, we can decide that we want to make changes. Our best move is to start small. If we are having a meal, whether a great festival feast or a modest supper, it is always within our power to take it slowly and really feel, taste, and enjoy the food before us. Few of us can easily do like Henry David Thoreau and get away from it all in the wilderness. But we can make small changes every single day. 1．What wisdom is conveyed in Thoreau’s words? A．Stay away from city life. B．Live one’s life to the fullest. C．Only nature can bring happiness. D．One can never be too old to learn. 2．Why did the author mention the film Dead Poets Society? A．To recommend a good film. B．To praise the teacher’s wisdom. C．To state its connections with Thoreau. D．To further illustrate Thoreau’s wisdom. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards people’s seeking for approval? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Sympathetic. D．Unconcerned. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Thoreau outshines ancient philosophers’ B．Thoreau exposes the true meaning of life. C．Thoreau’s philosophy on life remains valuable. D．Thoreau’s practical advice ensures a successful life. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了作者对于梭罗哲学的思考—人应该有意识地活着。他的哲学在当今社会仍然很有价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow (吸取精华) of life. (我希望活得深刻，吸取生命中所有的精华。)”可知，梭罗表达了人应该要充实地活着。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Part of his argument is conveyed by quoting this famous passage from Thoreau. (他的部分论点是引用了梭罗的这段名言。)”可知，文章提及《死亡诗社》这部电影是为了更深入地阐释梭罗的思想。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“What keeps us from getting the most out of life is our desire for approval and fame. (阻碍我们从生活中获得最大收获的是我们对赞许和名声的渴望。)”可推断，作者对于人们对名声的追求持批判态度。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文中的“Let’s take a moment to consider the words of one of America’s most remarkable philosophers, Henry David Thoreau. (让我们花点时间来思考一下美国最杰出的哲学家之一亨利·大卫·梭罗的话。)”及全文内容可知，文章是对于梭罗的哲学进行的思考—人需要有意识地生活。他的哲学在当今社会仍然很有价值。故选C项。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·淮南四中·期中） It happens in every disaster (灾难): For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble. Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane (飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.” Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food. Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped. “Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says. 1．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988? A．Workers on the plane. B．A weather report. C．Useless donations on the ground. D．The call from the operator. 2．What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit? A．Clothing. B．Money. C．Medicine. D．Food. 3．What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Worried. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．Studies on natural disasters. B．The benefits of helping others. C．Tips on choosing useful donations. D．The ways of managing people’s donations. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了在救灾时，如何进行有效的捐赠。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster. (但是场地是满的，有很多没有人需要的捐款。这架满载所需物资的飞机不得不找其他地方去。结果导致每个人的计划延迟了大约48小时，这在灾难中是非常重要的时间。)”可知，场地上的没用的捐赠物造成装载有应急物资的飞机无法降落，导致所需供应被推迟。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. (因此，当飓风Sandy来袭时，Rilling的团队启动了一个鼓励捐款的项目。)”可知，当飓风来袭时，Rilling的团队建议人们捐赠钱。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete(实物) should be completely stopped. (她认为需要给予具体的东西不应该完全停止。)”可知，Meghan Hara对人们捐赠实物是支持的。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that. (我们需要解决的是如何有效地处理这个问题。)”可知，作者可能继续讨论管理人们捐赠的方式。故选D项。 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·阜阳一中·期中） On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article in The New York Times, it could also endanger personal safety in some situations—in an airplane crash, for example. The New York Times’ Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards for airplane seat strength(强度)— first set more than 60 years ago — require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds (77kg). Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds (88kg) and the average woman 165 pounds (75kg). Negroni reports: “If a heavier person completely fills a seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash,” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly. ” “Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said,“those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’. ” Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times’ article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators of the issue got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to comment on the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with overweight dummies (人体模型). Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said. Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board’s investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem. 1．What is the article in The New York Times mainly concerned with? A．The size of airplane seats and seat belts. B．Airplane crashes involving commercial planes. C．Safety of overweight airplane passengers. D．A medical problem caused by being overweight. 2．Robert Salazar would probably agree that _________. A．overweight passengers should buy two seats B．the government should help produce safer planes C．passengers should know how to protect themselves D．standards for airplane seat strength should be raised 3．We can learn from the text that _________. A．airplane seat makers have taken action now B．those seats near the overweight may suffer too C．there are few complaints about airplane seats D．only a small number of airplane accidents involve the overweight 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Do Passengers Feel Anxious about Flying? B．Will 42% of Americans Be Overweight by 2030? C．Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for the Overweight? D．When Will the Overweight Enjoy Their Flight? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了现在的飞机座位对于体重过大的乘客是否足够安全。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article in The New York Times, it could also endanger personal safety in some situations—in an airplane crash, for example.(我们日益增长的腰围不仅会导致医疗问题，而且根据《纽约时报》最近的一篇文章，在某些情况下，它还可能危及人身安全，例如在飞机失事中。)”可知，《纽约时报》的这篇文章主要是关于肥胖乘客坐飞机的安全问题，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段““If a heavier person completely fills a seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash,” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly. ”(弗吉尼亚大学应用生物力学中心的首席科学家罗伯特·萨拉查说:“如果一个体重较重的人坐满了一个座位，那么这个座位在发生碰撞时就不太可能表现得像预期的那样。”“飞机座椅内置的能量吸收装置可能会超负荷运转，乘客将得不到适当的保护。”)”可知，Robert Salazar认为，现在的飞机座椅在发生碰撞时不太可能表现得像预期的那样，且飞机座椅内置的能量吸收装置可能会超负荷运转，乘客将得不到适当的保护，由此可推知，Robert Salazar认为，应提高飞机座椅强度标准，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中““Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said,“those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’. ”(Salzar博士说:“伤害也不仅仅局限于那名乘客。”“如果座位或安全带出现故障，”他说，“那些坐在附近的人可能会受到‘乘客不受控制的动作’的威胁。”)”可知，那些靠近超重乘客座位的人也可能会受到影响，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“The New York Times’ Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. (纽约时报的Christen Negroni报道说，工程师和科学家正在质疑飞机座椅是否足以保护超重的旅客。)”可知，本文主要讨论了现在的飞机座位对于体重过大的乘客是否足够安全。由此可知，C项“飞机座椅对于超重的人来说足够安全吗？”最适合作文章标题，故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·淮南四中·期中） When someone proposes a false claim, what’s the best way to change their mind? A recent paper suggests that immediately negating the claim with evidence isn’t especially effective. Instead, “bypassing” the false claim with positive counter(反)-claims about the topic might be a better strategy. The classic response to someone presenting misinformation is to present counter-evidence. As the researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) put it, “The gold standard for tackling misinformation is usually a correction that actually contradicts the misinformation.” Suppose, for example, that your dad passes back the roast potatoes over a family dinner, saying, “Are these GMOs (转基因产品)? Nah, don’t want any more physical reactions.” You might then say, “Actually, the health bodies of all the G7 agree that GMOs do not cause reactions.” But that likely won’t work. The APPC team conducted six experiments where they compared actually correcting someone with “bypassing” and found that using evidence and facts to disprove someone tends to be far less successful at changing attitudes. So, what is bypassing and why is it seemingly more effective? Bypassing is where, instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim, you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic. For example, if someone tells you that 5G kills birds, tell them that 5G adds billions to the world economy. Bypassing means not meeting your misinformed opponent head-on. This is not a battle of arguments or the studies. You are pushing an argument into a different position. It’s using someone’s movements and logic against them. There are limitations to what the team at APPC has concluded. Their study into bypassing was largely about attitudes to policies, not about belief change or belief correction. Someone might still believe that 5G kills birds or that GMOs cause reactions, but admit that those are necessary bad things, compared to the positive outcomes you present them with. So, bypassing isn’t the only tool available, and it might not even be the best if your concern is belief change. Changing someone’s belief is a complicated psychological topic, and there is definitely no one-size-fits-all strategy. When it comes to policy decisions and willingness to accept a certain technology or medicine, bypassing seems like a valuable tool to add to your kit. 1．According to the APPC research, how does “bypassing” differ from traditional corrections? A．It uses stronger evidence. B．It adopts emotional appeals. C．It offers positive arguments. D．It focuses on unrelated topics. 2．Which can be used as an example of “bypassing”? A．GMOs are safe to eat because scientists say so. B．GMOs can produce higher output with less cost. C．5G kill birds, but their benefits outweigh the risks. D．5G doesn’t kill birds, for they show no connection. 3．What do we know about the “bypassing” tool according to the text? A．It is the most reliable way. B．It may help accept policies. C．It appears frequently in debates. D．It is effective in belief correction. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Bypassing: A Better Way to Shift Attitudes? B．Changing one’s Mind: Bypass Indirectly! C．Challenging Misinformation: Bypass it! D．Negating the claim: does it work? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在面对错误信息时，传统的反驳方式可能不如“绕过”策略有效，并探讨了“绕过”策略的定义、有效性及其局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The classic response to someone presenting misinformation is to present counter-evidence. As the researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) put it, ‘The gold standard for tackling misinformation is usually a correction that actually contradicts the misinformation.’(对于传播错误信息的人，典型的回应是提供反证。正如安南伯格公共政策中心(APPC)的研究人员所说，‘处理错误信息的黄金标准通常是一种实际上与错误信息相矛盾的纠正’)”以及第三段中“Bypassing is where, instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim, you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic.(绕过错误信息是指，你不是对某个说法提出一些负面的反对意见，而是对这个话题提出积极的反论)”可知，APPC的研究中，“绕过”与传统纠正的区别在于它提供的是积极的论点。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Bypassing is where, instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim, you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic. For example, if someone tells you that 5G kills birds, tell them that 5G adds billions to the world economy.(绕过错误信息是指，你不是对某个说法提出一些负面的反对意见，而是对这个话题提出积极的反论。例如，如果有人告诉你5G会杀死鸟，告诉他们5G为世界经济增加了数十亿美元)”可知，“绕过”策略的例子是提供与错误信息相关的积极论点。B选项“转基因作物能以较低的成本产生更高的产量”可以作为“绕过”的例子，因为它提供了关于转基因产品的积极论点，而不是直接反驳其安全性。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When it comes to policy decisions and willingness to accept a certain technology or medicine, bypassing seems like a valuable tool to add to your kit.(当涉及到政策决策以及接受某种技术或药物的意愿时，‘绕过’似乎是一个值得添加到你的工具箱中的有价值工具)”可知，根据文章，“绕过”工具可能有助于接受政策。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“When someone proposes a false claim, what’s the best way to change their mind? A recent paper suggests that immediately negating the claim with evidence isn’t especially effective. Instead, ‘bypassing’ the false claim with positive counter (反)-claims about the topic might be a better strategy.(当有人提出虚假说法时，改变他们想法的最好方法是什么?最近的一篇论文表明，立即用证据否定这种说法并不是特别有效。相反，用关于这个话题的积极反论来‘绕过’虚假说法可能是一个更好的策略)”以及最后一段“So, bypassing isn’t the only tool available, and it might not even be the best if your concern is belief change.(因此，绕过并不是唯一可用的工具，如果你担心的是信念的改变，它甚至可能不是最好的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了在处理虚假信息时，用积极的反论来“绕过”虚假说法可能比用证据直接否定更有效，并探讨了其与传统反驳方式的区别及其局限性。所以A选项“绕过：改变态度的更好方法？”能够概括文章主要内容，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·合肥一中·期中） Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person. People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color and use hot irons and blow dryers to curl or straighten their hair. Some people spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion important enough to spend so much time and effort on changing how you look like? If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should focus on being healthy and positive. What people wear does not show anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a suit, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together! Instead of going on strict diets and starving, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercises? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person. 1．The author’s main purpose in writing the text is to________. A．persuade readers to value health more than fashion B．show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting C．tell readers ways to become fashionable D．inform readers of the latest fashion trends 2．Which statement best shows the author’s opinion? A．When you look good, you feel good. B．Fashion increases famous people’s self-respect. C．Fashion can make people do some unhealthy things. D．People need to diet to lose weight. 3．What does the underlined phrase “go to great lengths” possibly mean in paragraph 2 ? A．Go abroad. B．Do everything possible. C．Spend lots of money. D．Buy expensive clothing. 4．Which of the following activities would the author most likely suggest? A．Shopping for fashionable clothes. B．Going skating with friends. C．Starting a strict diet with a friend. D．Changing the hairstyle every week. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了时尚并不是一切，健康比时尚更重要。 1．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(看起来时髦比穿着舒适更重要吗？很多人似乎都这么认为，从他们的穿着来判断。但时尚不是一切。做一个健康的好人更重要。)”可知，文章主要讨论了时尚并不是一切，健康比时尚更重要。由此可推知，作者的主要目的是说服读者重视健康而不是时尚，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies.(人们……变得时尚。有些人认为他们必须有一个特定的体型，所以他们采取极端的，不健康的饮食，以改变他们的身体。)”可得出，时尚可以让人们做一些不健康的事情，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段画线短语下文“Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes and tight body shapers that limit blood flow.(有些人认为他们必须有一个特定的体型，所以他们采取极端的，不健康的饮食，以改变他们的身体。此外，许多女性穿着不舒服的时装，如高跟鞋和紧身塑身器，以限制血液流动。)”可知，人们为了时尚不遗余力做出一些事情，由此可推知，画线短语“go to great lengths”意为“不遗余力”，与B选项“尽一切可能”意思一样，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Instead of spending hours choosing a suit, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together! Instead of going on strict diets and starving, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercises?(与其花几个小时挑选一套西装，也许你应该打电话给你的朋友，一起做点什么！与其严格控制饮食和挨饿，为什么不吃一些健康的食物，然后锻炼身体呢？)”可知，作者建议要和朋友一起出去做一些事情，要吃健康食物，然后锻炼身体，因此A项“购买时装”，C项“和朋友开始节食”和D项“每周换一次发型”不是作者建议做的事，B项“和朋友去滑冰”是作者最可能建议人们做的事情，故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·安徽优培联盟·期中） Shopping has long been a popular way to lift the spirits. Whether it is buying a new outfit or a garage, the act of purchasing something new often brings a sense of joy. This phenomenon, often called “retail therapy”, has become widely accepted despite its potential drawbacks. But why does retail therapy seem to work so well? First, shopping provides a short-term happiness boost. Research shows that acquiring new items may lead to a surge of excitement and satisfaction. This is especially true when people find something that lines up with their tastes. Additionally, shopping offers emotional distraction, giving individuals a temporary escape from stress or sadness. For many, the process of looking at and selecting items is comforting. Retail therapy also enhances self-expression and confidence. The items people choose often reflect their values and references, helping them feel more connected to their identities. Finding the “perfect” item or scoring a great deal can create a sense of achievement. Moreover, the act of shopping gives people a feeling of control during times of uncertainty, as they can make choices freely in a controlled environment. However, retail therapy isn’t only about the purchases. The social aspect of shopping plays a key role too. Going shopping with friends or family fosters bonding and creates shared experiences. These positive interactions contribute to overall happiness and wellbeing. While retail therapy can provide temporary relief, it’s important to practice moderation. Excessive shopping may lead to financial stress and regrets. Nevertheless, while done mindfully, it can be a valuable tool for improving mood and coping with emotional challenges. 1．What might be the reason for people to engage in retail therapy? A．Passing their leisure time. B．Experiencing brief happiness. C．Showing off their belongings. D．Seeking control over material basis. 2．How does shopping help enhance self-esteem? A．By fostering competition among friends. B．By enabling people to make free choices. C．By encouraging responsible financial habits. D．By reflecting personal values through purchases. 3．What is a potential downside of retail therapy? A．It can result in social isolation. B．It may lead to financial problems. C．It prompts poor time management. D．It lessens emotional bonds with others. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward retail therapy? A．Cautiously optimistic. B．Slightly critical. C．Completely supportive. D．Entirely dismissive. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了 “购物疗法” 这一现象，阐述了人们进行购物疗法的原因，包括带来短期快乐、分散注意力、增强自我表达和自信以及具有社交作用等，同时也指出其可能带来的弊端，即过度购物会导致经济压力和后悔，强调要适度进行。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“First, shopping provides a short - term happiness boost. Research shows that acquiring new items may lead to a surge of excitement and satisfaction.(首先，购物能带来短期的快乐提升。研究表明，购买新物品可能会带来兴奋感和满足感的激增)” 可知,人们进行购物疗法的一个原因是体验短暂的快乐。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The items people choose often reflect their values and references, helping them feel more connected to their identities.(人们选择的物品往往反映了他们的价值观和喜好，帮助他们感觉与自己的身份更紧密相连)” 可知，购物通过购买物品反映个人价值观来增强自尊心。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Excessive shopping may lead to financial stress and regrets.(过度购物可能导致经济压力和后悔)” 可知，购物疗法一个潜在的缺点是可能导致经济问题。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“While retail therapy can provide temporary relief, it’s important to practice moderation. Nevertheless, while done mindfully, it can be a valuable tool for improving mood and coping with emotional challenges.(虽然购物疗法能提供暂时的缓解，但适度很重要。然而，如果谨慎进行，它可以成为改善情绪和应对情感挑战的有价值工具)” 可推知,作者对购物疗法的态度是谨慎乐观的。故选A。 Passage 5 （23-24高一上·江淮名校·期中） Think “art”. What comes to your mind? Is it Greek or Roman sculptures in the Louvre, or Chinese paintings? Have you ever imagined it’s a dancing pattern of lights? The artworks created by American artist Janet Echelman look like colorful floating clouds when lit up at night. Visitors could not only enjoy looking at them but also interact with them literally — by using their phones to change the colors and patterns. But are they really art? Whatever your opinion, we cannot deny art has existed for thousands of years and art and technology have always been two separate things. Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology, changing the art world greatly. Now art is more accessible to us. For example, people used to queue up for six hours but spend limited time admiring the famous 5-meter Chinese painting Along the River during the Qingming Festival. Thanks to technology, however, viewers can leisurely experience a digital version of this painting, where the characters can move and interact with their surroundings. The combination of art and technology is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”. Not only can we interact with art, but also we can take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips, more people are exploring new art forms, such as digital paintings and videos. However, it has also raised questions over its overall quality. Can a video of someone slicing a tomato really be called “art”? Similarly, such developments are making the line between art and technology less distinct. Can someone unfamiliar with traditional artists’ tools really call themselves an “artist”? And is the artist the creator of the art itself, or the maker of the technology behind it? Where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess. But one thing is for sure — with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected. 1．How could viewers interact with Janet Echelman’s artworks? A．By talking to her on the phone. B．By lighting up the artworks. C．By touching their phone screens. D．By coloring the patterns. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 4 indicate? A．Achievements of China’s technology. B．The influence of art on technology. C．Interaction between viewers and art. D．Easier access to art caused by technology. 3．What do we know about the combination of art and technology? A．It lowers the quality of artworks. B．It involves common people in innovation. C．It shortens the time of painting. D．It makes scientists the real creators of art. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards combining technology with art? A．Subjective. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Positive. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文探讨了科技与艺术的结合对艺术世界的影响。这种结合有好处但也导致了一些问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Visitors could not only enjoy looking at them but also interact with them literally — by using their phones to change the colors and patterns.(游客不仅可以欣赏它们，还可以通过使用手机改变颜色和图案来真正地与它们互动)” 可知，观众是通过触摸手机屏幕来与珍妮特・埃切尔曼的艺术作品互动。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology, changing the art world greatly. Now art is more accessible to us. For example, people used to queue up for six hours but spend limited time admiring the famous 5-meter Chinese painting Along the River during the Qingming Festival. Thanks to technology, however, viewers can leisurely experience a digital version of this painting, where the characters can move and interact with their surroundings.(然而，如今技术的进步导致了艺术与技术的结合，极大地改变了艺术世界。现在我们更容易接触到艺术了。例如，人们过去常常要排队六个小时，却只能花有限的时间欣赏著名的 5 米长的中国画作《清明上河图》。然而，多亏了技术，观众可以悠闲地体验这幅画的数字版本，画中的人物可以移动并与周围环境互动)” 可知，这个例子表明了技术使得人们更容易接触到艺术。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Not only can we interact with art, but also we can take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips, more people are exploring new art forms, such as digital paintings and videos.(我们不仅可以与艺术互动，还可以参与艺术创作。有了触手可及的新技术工具，更多的人正在探索新的艺术形式，如数字绘画和视频)” 可知，艺术与技术的结合让普通人参与到了艺术创新中。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Now art is more accessible to us.(现在我们更容易接触到艺术了)”以及根据第五段“Not only can we interact with art, but also we can take part in its creation.(我们不仅可以与艺术互动，还可以参与艺术创作)”，根据第六段 “However, it has also raised questions over its overall quality.(然而，它也引发了对其整体质量的质疑)”以及第七段“Similarly, such developments are making the line between art and technology less distinct.(同样，这样的发展也让艺术与技术之间的界限变得不那么明显)”可知，作者既阐述了艺术与技术结合带来的积极影响也提到了它带来的问题。由此可推知作者对艺术与技术结合的态度是客观的。故选B。 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·安徽·期中） Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others. Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be inspired one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On”. 1．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A．News reports. B．Research papers. C．Sales and promotion. D．Daily conversations. 2．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A．They’re socially inactive. B．They’re good at telling stories. C．They’re inconsiderate of others. D．They’re careful with their words. 3．Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research? A．Sports news. B．Science articles. C．Personal accounts. D．Financial reviews. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide. B．Online News Attracts More People. C．Reading Habits Change with The Times. D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传说只适合于大众媒体。在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息快很多。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中““The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.( 宾夕法尼亚大学（University of Pennsylvania）的学者乔纳•伯杰（Jonah Berger）表示：“‘如果流血’原则适用于大众媒体。”)”可知，像“if it bleeds’”这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”(但当你和朋友分享一个故事时，你会更关心他们的反应。你不想让他们认为你是黛比·唐纳（Debbie Downer）。)”可知，我们能从Debbie Downer这样的人身上推断出他们不为别人着想。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.( 他最初的发现之一是，科学版块的文章比非科学版块的文章更有可能上榜。)”可知，根据Berger博士的研究，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.( 通过跟踪人们的电子邮件和网上帖子，科学家们发现，好消息比灾难和悲伤的故事传播得更快、更远。)”可知，好消息在网络上传播更快，影响更深远，在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息快很多。故文章最适合的标题是“在社交网络上好消息胜过坏消息”。故选D项。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·安徽池州·期中） In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair­-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability (信任). Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person’s place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener. At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me. Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me. There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me. When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I’ve found a friend! 1．Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend? A．Understanding. B．Honesty. C．Reliability. D．A sense of humor. 2．If you have fair-weather friends, ________. A．they will give you all that they have when you need help B．you will be refused when you get into trouble C．you can be sure that you get real friends D．you will become rich 3．How many qualities does the writer mention in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·阜阳一中·期中） Let’s take a moment to consider the words of one of America’s most remarkable philosophers, Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau spent the years 1845—1847 living on the outskirts of society in a small cabin in the woods by the side of Walden Pond. He called this period of his life an experiment of intentional living and wrote this famous paragraph: I went to the woods because I wished to live intentionally, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow (吸取精华) of life. There is great wisdom in Thoreau’s purpose here, and I think it’s very useful to ask ourselves this question: What would our lives be like if we sucked all the marrow out of life? If Thoreau’s quote sounds familiar, it may be from watching the film Dead Poets Society, a movie with deep wisdom. The film is about young men at a boarding school as they prepare to do good in the world because they have the privilege to bring about change. Their English teacher tries to convince them that they should live life well now instead of believing that they will find happiness after they reach certain goals. Part of his argument is conveyed by quoting this famous passage from Thoreau. Sucking the marrow out of life sounds simple enough, but as a matter of fact, it may be the most difficult thing that we can ever do. But it actually is as simple as it sounds—though “simple” is not quite the same thing as “easy”. I can think of one barrier that often keeps us from living our best lives. What keeps us from getting the most out of life is our desire for approval and fame. In the process of always looking for fame and glory, there is the danger that we will stop living. In order to seek approval from others, we fail to find a sense of approval within our own spirit. When we become aware that we are missing so much out of life, we can decide that we want to make changes. Our best move is to start small. If we are having a meal, whether a great festival feast or a modest supper, it is always within our power to take it slowly and really feel, taste, and enjoy the food before us. Few of us can easily do like Henry David Thoreau and get away from it all in the wilderness. But we can make small changes every single day. 1．What wisdom is conveyed in Thoreau’s words? A．Stay away from city life. B．Live one’s life to the fullest. C．Only nature can bring happiness. D．One can never be too old to learn. 2．Why did the author mention the film Dead Poets Society? A．To recommend a good film. B．To praise the teacher’s wisdom. C．To state its connections with Thoreau. D．To further illustrate Thoreau’s wisdom. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards people’s seeking for approval? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Sympathetic. D．Unconcerned. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Thoreau outshines ancient philosophers’ B．Thoreau exposes the true meaning of life. C．Thoreau’s philosophy on life remains valuable. D．Thoreau’s practical advice ensures a successful life. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·淮南四中·期中） It happens in every disaster (灾难): For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble. Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane (飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.” Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food. Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped. “Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says. 1．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988? A．Workers on the plane. B．A weather report. C．Useless donations on the ground. D．The call from the operator. 2．What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit? A．Clothing. B．Money. C．Medicine. D．Food. 3．What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Worried. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．Studies on natural disasters. B．The benefits of helping others. C．Tips on choosing useful donations. D．The ways of managing people’s donations. 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·阜阳一中·期中） On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article in The New York Times, it could also endanger personal safety in some situations—in an airplane crash, for example. The New York Times’ Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards for airplane seat strength(强度)— first set more than 60 years ago — require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds (77kg). Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds (88kg) and the average woman 165 pounds (75kg). Negroni reports: “If a heavier person completely fills a seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash,” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly. ” “Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said,“those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’. ” Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times’ article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators of the issue got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to comment on the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with overweight dummies (人体模型). Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said. Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board’s investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem. 1．What is the article in The New York Times mainly concerned with? A．The size of airplane seats and seat belts. B．Airplane crashes involving commercial planes. C．Safety of overweight airplane passengers. D．A medical problem caused by being overweight. 2．Robert Salazar would probably agree that _________. A．overweight passengers should buy two seats B．the government should help produce safer planes C．passengers should know how to protect themselves D．standards for airplane seat strength should be raised 3．We can learn from the text that _________. A．airplane seat makers have taken action now B．those seats near the overweight may suffer too C．there are few complaints about airplane seats D．only a small number of airplane accidents involve the overweight 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Do Passengers Feel Anxious about Flying? B．Will 42% of Americans Be Overweight by 2030? C．Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for the Overweight? D．When Will the Overweight Enjoy Their Flight? Passage 2 （23-24高一上·淮南四中·期中） When someone proposes a false claim, what’s the best way to change their mind? A recent paper suggests that immediately negating the claim with evidence isn’t especially effective. Instead, “bypassing” the false claim with positive counter(反)-claims about the topic might be a better strategy. The classic response to someone presenting misinformation is to present counter-evidence. As the researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) put it, “The gold standard for tackling misinformation is usually a correction that actually contradicts the misinformation.” Suppose, for example, that your dad passes back the roast potatoes over a family dinner, saying, “Are these GMOs (转基因产品)? Nah, don’t want any more physical reactions.” You might then say, “Actually, the health bodies of all the G7 agree that GMOs do not cause reactions.” But that likely won’t work. The APPC team conducted six experiments where they compared actually correcting someone with “bypassing” and found that using evidence and facts to disprove someone tends to be far less successful at changing attitudes. So, what is bypassing and why is it seemingly more effective? Bypassing is where, instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim, you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic. For example, if someone tells you that 5G kills birds, tell them that 5G adds billions to the world economy. Bypassing means not meeting your misinformed opponent head-on. This is not a battle of arguments or the studies. You are pushing an argument into a different position. It’s using someone’s movements and logic against them. There are limitations to what the team at APPC has concluded. Their study into bypassing was largely about attitudes to policies, not about belief change or belief correction. Someone might still believe that 5G kills birds or that GMOs cause reactions, but admit that those are necessary bad things, compared to the positive outcomes you present them with. So, bypassing isn’t the only tool available, and it might not even be the best if your concern is belief change. Changing someone’s belief is a complicated psychological topic, and there is definitely no one-size-fits-all strategy. When it comes to policy decisions and willingness to accept a certain technology or medicine, bypassing seems like a valuable tool to add to your kit. 1．According to the APPC research, how does “bypassing” differ from traditional corrections? A．It uses stronger evidence. B．It adopts emotional appeals. C．It offers positive arguments. D．It focuses on unrelated topics. 2．Which can be used as an example of “bypassing”? A．GMOs are safe to eat because scientists say so. B．GMOs can produce higher output with less cost. C．5G kill birds, but their benefits outweigh the risks. D．5G doesn’t kill birds, for they show no connection. 3．What do we know about the “bypassing” tool according to the text? A．It is the most reliable way. B．It may help accept policies. C．It appears frequently in debates. D．It is effective in belief correction. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Bypassing: A Better Way to Shift Attitudes? B．Changing one’s Mind: Bypass Indirectly! C．Challenging Misinformation: Bypass it! D．Negating the claim: does it work? Passage 3 （24-25高一上·合肥一中·期中） Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person. People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color and use hot irons and blow dryers to curl or straighten their hair. Some people spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion important enough to spend so much time and effort on changing how you look like? If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should focus on being healthy and positive. What people wear does not show anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a suit, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together! Instead of going on strict diets and starving, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercises? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person. 1．The author’s main purpose in writing the text is to________. A．persuade readers to value health more than fashion B．show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting C．tell readers ways to become fashionable D．inform readers of the latest fashion trends 2．Which statement best shows the author’s opinion? A．When you look good, you feel good. B．Fashion increases famous people’s self-respect. C．Fashion can make people do some unhealthy things. D．People need to diet to lose weight. 3．What does the underlined phrase “go to great lengths” possibly mean in paragraph 2 ? A．Go abroad. B．Do everything possible. C．Spend lots of money. D．Buy expensive clothing. 4．Which of the following activities would the author most likely suggest? A．Shopping for fashionable clothes. B．Going skating with friends. C．Starting a strict diet with a friend. D．Changing the hairstyle every week. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·安徽优培联盟·期中） Shopping has long been a popular way to lift the spirits. Whether it is buying a new outfit or a garage, the act of purchasing something new often brings a sense of joy. This phenomenon, often called “retail therapy”, has become widely accepted despite its potential drawbacks. But why does retail therapy seem to work so well? First, shopping provides a short-term happiness boost. Research shows that acquiring new items may lead to a surge of excitement and satisfaction. This is especially true when people find something that lines up with their tastes. Additionally, shopping offers emotional distraction, giving individuals a temporary escape from stress or sadness. For many, the process of looking at and selecting items is comforting. Retail therapy also enhances self-expression and confidence. The items people choose often reflect their values and references, helping them feel more connected to their identities. Finding the “perfect” item or scoring a great deal can create a sense of achievement. Moreover, the act of shopping gives people a feeling of control during times of uncertainty, as they can make choices freely in a controlled environment. However, retail therapy isn’t only about the purchases. The social aspect of shopping plays a key role too. Going shopping with friends or family fosters bonding and creates shared experiences. These positive interactions contribute to overall happiness and wellbeing. While retail therapy can provide temporary relief, it’s important to practice moderation. Excessive shopping may lead to financial stress and regrets. Nevertheless, while done mindfully, it can be a valuable tool for improving mood and coping with emotional challenges. 1．What might be the reason for people to engage in retail therapy? A．Passing their leisure time. B．Experiencing brief happiness. C．Showing off their belongings. D．Seeking control over material basis. 2．How does shopping help enhance self-esteem? A．By fostering competition among friends. B．By enabling people to make free choices. C．By encouraging responsible financial habits. D．By reflecting personal values through purchases. 3．What is a potential downside of retail therapy? A．It can result in social isolation. B．It may lead to financial problems. C．It prompts poor time management. D．It lessens emotional bonds with others. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward retail therapy? A．Cautiously optimistic. B．Slightly critical. C．Completely supportive. D．Entirely dismissive. Passage 5 （23-24高一上·江淮名校·期中） Think “art”. What comes to your mind? Is it Greek or Roman sculptures in the Louvre, or Chinese paintings? Have you ever imagined it’s a dancing pattern of lights? The artworks created by American artist Janet Echelman look like colorful floating clouds when lit up at night. Visitors could not only enjoy looking at them but also interact with them literally — by using their phones to change the colors and patterns. But are they really art? Whatever your opinion, we cannot deny art has existed for thousands of years and art and technology have always been two separate things. Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology, changing the art world greatly. Now art is more accessible to us. For example, people used to queue up for six hours but spend limited time admiring the famous 5-meter Chinese painting Along the River during the Qingming Festival. Thanks to technology, however, viewers can leisurely experience a digital version of this painting, where the characters can move and interact with their surroundings. The combination of art and technology is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”. Not only can we interact with art, but also we can take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips, more people are exploring new art forms, such as digital paintings and videos. However, it has also raised questions over its overall quality. Can a video of someone slicing a tomato really be called “art”? Similarly, such developments are making the line between art and technology less distinct. Can someone unfamiliar with traditional artists’ tools really call themselves an “artist”? And is the artist the creator of the art itself, or the maker of the technology behind it? Where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess. But one thing is for sure — with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected. 1．How could viewers interact with Janet Echelman’s artworks? A．By talking to her on the phone. B．By lighting up the artworks. C．By touching their phone screens. D．By coloring the patterns. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 4 indicate? A．Achievements of China’s technology. B．The influence of art on technology. C．Interaction between viewers and art. D．Easier access to art caused by technology. 3．What do we know about the combination of art and technology? A．It lowers the quality of artworks. B．It involves common people in innovation. C．It shortens the time of painting. D．It makes scientists the real creators of art. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards combining technology with art? A．Subjective. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Positive. 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·安徽·期中） Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others. Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be inspired one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On”. 1．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A．News reports. B．Research papers. C．Sales and promotion. D．Daily conversations. 2．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A．They’re socially inactive. B．They’re good at telling stories. C．They’re inconsiderate of others. D．They’re careful with their words. 3．Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research? A．Sports news. B．Science articles. C．Personal accounts. D．Financial reviews. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide. B．Online News Attracts More People. C．Reading Habits Change with The Times. D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$