《外贸商函》Project 9 Claims and Settlement（1）-理论知识考点训练卷 2026版浙江省外贸类专业考纲百套卷 第21卷（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版浙江省《外贸类考纲百套卷》依据《浙江省高校招生职业技能考试大纲——外贸类理论知识》编写。本套试卷由80份试卷三个部分组成，第一部分是针对考纲的理论知识考点训练卷，共57份；第二部分是理论知识常考题训练卷，每个知识模块6-7份训练卷，两个模块共13份；第三部分是理论知识专业综合训练卷，参考历年来外贸类专业真题试卷和模拟试卷，编写的10份专业综合训练卷。 本试卷是《外贸类考纲百套卷》的第21卷，按知识模块1外贸商函——Project 9 Claims and Settlement的范围要求编写。 其要求是： （1）了解外贸商务信函的结构、三种书写格式及基本撰写原则。 （2）理解与外贸交易磋商环节和合同签订相关的英语词汇、短语、套语和句型。 （3）能正确阅读、理解、并结合商务礼仪要求撰写外贸业务各环节的商务信函，能正确拟定进出口合同的主要条款。 2026版浙江省《外贸类考纲百套卷》第21卷 知识模块 1 外贸商函 Project 9 Claims and Settlement（1） 理论知识考点训练卷 考试时间60分钟 满分100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 在每小题列出的四个备选答案中，只有一个是符合题目要求的。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1.The main purpose of lodging a claim in foreign trade is to ( ). A. Promote new products to the seller B. Request compensation or solutions for losses caused by the seller’s breach of contract (e.g., defective goods, delayed delivery) C. Ask the seller to reduce the product price arbitrarily D. Cancel the sales contract without providing reasons 2.Which of the following is a necessary condition for lodging a valid claim? A. The buyer’s personal dissatisfaction with the product design B. Clear evidence of the seller’s breach (e.g., inspection report, photos of defective goods) C. The buyer’s failure to pay the advance payment on time D. Unrelated industry policy changes 3.When writing a claim letter, the tone should be ( ). A. Rude and aggressive B. Polite, firm and fact-based (presenting evidence clearly) C. Casual and unconcerned D. Ambiguous and evasive 4.Which of the following information must be included in a claim letter? A. The buyer’s family vacation plans B. The contract number, details of the breach, and the claim request (e.g., compensation amount) C. The seller’s employee training schedule D. Unrelated product promotion information 5.If the seller asks for more time to verify the claim, the buyer should ( ). A. Refuse immediately and demand immediate compensation B. Agree to a reasonable verification period and ask for a clear reply date C. Accuse the seller of delaying the claim process D. Purchase goods from other suppliers and ignore the claim 6.Which of the following is a common mistake when lodging a claim? A. Providing detailed evidence to support the claim B. Clearly stating the specific claim request (e.g., refund, replacement) C. Lodging a claim without any evidence of the seller’s breach D. Keeping a copy of the claim letter for future reference 7.When lodging a claim for defective goods, the buyer should focus on providing ( ). A. Photos of defective parts, third-party inspection reports, and the number of defective goods B. The seller’s office decoration photos C. The buyer’s internal meeting minutes D. Unrelated product samples 8.What should the buyer do if the seller refuses a reasonable claim? A. Give up the claim and accept the loss B. Negotiate further with more detailed evidence or seek third-party mediation C. Publicly criticize the seller on social media D. Cancel all future cooperation with the seller without communication 9.The "claim amount" in a claim letter refers to ( ). A. The total value of the original order B. The amount of compensation the buyer requests from the seller for losses C. The cost of the buyer’s new office equipment D. The seller’s profit from the transaction 10.The difference between lodging a claim and complaining about goods is that lodging a claim ( ). A. Only expresses dissatisfaction without requesting solutions B. Focuses on requesting specific compensation or remedies based on breach of contract C. Is sent before the goods are delivered D. Does not require reference to the original contract 二、词语中译英(本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分) 请将下列外贸商函中常用的中文词语译成英文。 1.索赔函 ________________________ 2.缺陷货物 ________________________ 3.检验报告 ________________________ 4.赔偿金额 ________________________ 5.违约 ________________________ 三、词语英译中(本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分) 请将下列外贸商函中常用的英文词语译成中文。 1.Claim Letter________________________ 2.Claim Amount________________________ 3.Claim Evidence________________________ 4.Claim Settlement________________________ 5.Claim Deadline________________________ 四、句子中译英(本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分) 请将下列外贸商函中常用的中文句子译成英文。 1.我方依据合同号TC202605进口的100箱玩具中，有20箱存在质量缺陷（零件缺失），现特致函提出索赔。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.随函附上第三方检验报告（编号：IR20260510）及缺陷玩具照片，证明货物问题，我方要求贵方赔偿5000美元。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.贵方未按合同约定（2026年5月10日前交货）延迟发货，导致我方错过销售旺季，我方提出索赔3000美元以弥补损失。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 五、句子英译中(本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分) 请将下列外贸商备中常用的英文句子译成中文。 1.We are writing to lodge a claim against your company for the 500 sets of electronic components under Contract No. E202604, as 80 sets were found damaged upon receipt. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.Please settle our claim of $2,000 within 10 working days, which covers the cost of replacing the defective goods. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.We have attached the bill of lading and the inspection report to prove that the goods were delayed by 15 days beyond the contracted delivery date. _______________________________________________________________________________ 六、写作(本大题共1小题，20分) 假设你是美国Toy World Store的采购人员，你公司与中国Kid’s Toy Co., Ltd.签订合同（合同号：KT20260520），进口200箱积木玩具，约定2026年6月1日交货。实际收到货物后，发现30箱积木存在零件缺失问题，且交货延迟了7天。请你写一封索赔函，内容包括： 1.提及合同号、货物及原装货约定； 2.说明货物问题（30箱零件缺失）及延迟交货情况； 3.附上检验报告和问题照片作为证据，要求赔偿2000美元，并请求10天内回复。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：2026版浙江省《外贸类考纲百套卷》依据《浙江省高校招生职业技能考试大纲——外贸类理论知识》编写。本套试卷由80份试卷三个部分组成，第一部分是针对考纲的理论知识考点训练卷，共57份；第二部分是理论知识常考题训练卷，每个知识模块6-7份训练卷，两个模块共13份；第三部分是理论知识专业综合训练卷，参考历年来外贸类专业真题试卷和模拟试卷，编写的10份专业综合训练卷。 本试卷是《外贸类考纲百套卷》的第21卷，按知识模块1外贸商函——Project 9 Claims and Settlement的范围要求编写。 其要求是： （1）了解外贸商务信函的结构、三种书写格式及基本撰写原则。 （2）理解与外贸交易磋商环节和合同签订相关的英语词汇、短语、套语和句型。 （3）能正确阅读、理解、并结合商务礼仪要求撰写外贸业务各环节的商务信函，能正确拟定进出口合同的主要条款。 2026版浙江省《外贸类考纲百套卷》第21卷 知识模块 1 外贸商函 Project 9 Claims and Settlement（1） 理论知识考点训练卷 考试时间60分钟 满分100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 在每小题列出的四个备选答案中，只有一个是符合题目要求的。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1.The main purpose of lodging a claim in foreign trade is to ( ). A. Promote new products to the seller B. Request compensation or solutions for losses caused by the seller’s breach of contract (e.g., defective goods, delayed delivery) C. Ask the seller to reduce the product price arbitrarily D. Cancel the sales contract without providing reasons 【答案】B 【解析】提出索赔的核心目的是因卖方违约（如货物缺陷、延迟交货）导致买方损失时，向卖方索要赔偿或解决方案（如退款、补货），以弥补自身损失。A“推广新产品”、C“随意要求降价”、D“无理由取消合同”均与索赔目的无关，故B正确。 2.Which of the following is a necessary condition for lodging a valid claim? A. The buyer’s personal dissatisfaction with the product design B. Clear evidence of the seller’s breach (e.g., inspection report, photos of defective goods) C. The buyer’s failure to pay the advance payment on time D. Unrelated industry policy changes 【答案】B 【解析】有效索赔需具备“卖方违约的明确证据”（如检验报告、缺陷照片），这是支撑索赔诉求的核心依据；A“买方对设计的个人不满”、C“买方未按时付预付款”、D“无关行业政策变化”均不能构成索赔理由，故B正确。 3.When writing a claim letter, the tone should be ( ). A. Rude and aggressive B. Polite, firm and fact-based (presenting evidence clearly) C. Casual and unconcerned D. Ambiguous and evasive 【答案】B 【解析】索赔函需礼貌体现商务礼仪（避免激化矛盾），态度坚定（明确自身诉求），且基于事实（清晰呈现违约证据），才能提高索赔成功率。A“粗鲁激进”易引发反感，C“随意冷漠”无法传递重视程度，D“模糊回避”会导致卖方误解，故B正确。 4.Which of the following information must be included in a claim letter? A. The buyer’s family vacation plans B. The contract number, details of the breach, and the claim request (e.g., compensation amount) C. The seller’s employee training schedule D. Unrelated product promotion information 【答案】B 【解析】索赔函需包含“合同号（明确对应订单）、违约细节（如缺陷数量、延迟天数）、索赔请求（如赔偿金额）”，确保卖方快速定位问题并回应；A“买方度假计划”、C“卖方员工培训”、D“无关推广”均非必要内容，故B正确。 5.If the seller asks for more time to verify the claim, the buyer should ( ). A. Refuse immediately and demand immediate compensation B. Agree to a reasonable verification period and ask for a clear reply date C. Accuse the seller of delaying the claim process D. Purchase goods from other suppliers and ignore the claim 【答案】B 【解析】若卖方需时间核实索赔，买方应同意合理期限（如3-5个工作日），并要求明确回复时间，既体现合作诚意，又避免卖方无限期拖延；A“立即拒绝”、C“指责拖延”、D“另购忽视”均不利于索赔推进，故B正确。 6.Which of the following is a common mistake when lodging a claim? A. Providing detailed evidence to support the claim B. Clearly stating the specific claim request (e.g., refund, replacement) C. Lodging a claim without any evidence of the seller’s breach D. Keeping a copy of the claim letter for future reference 【答案】C 【解析】无卖方违约证据的索赔缺乏依据，易被卖方拒绝，是常见错误；A“提供详细证据”、B“明确索赔请求”、D“留存索赔函副本”均为正确索赔做法，故C正确。 7.When lodging a claim for defective goods, the buyer should focus on providing ( ). A. Photos of defective parts, third-party inspection reports, and the number of defective goods B. The seller’s office decoration photos C. The buyer’s internal meeting minutes D. Unrelated product samples 【答案】A 【解析】针对缺陷货物索赔时，需提供“缺陷部位照片（直观证明问题）、第三方检验报告（权威认证）、缺陷数量（核算赔偿金额）”，才能让索赔诉求更有说服力；B“卖方办公照片”、C“买方会议记录”、D“无关样品”均与货物缺陷无关，故A正确。 8.What should the buyer do if the seller refuses a reasonable claim? A. Give up the claim and accept the loss B. Negotiate further with more detailed evidence or seek third-party mediation C. Publicly criticize the seller on social media D. Cancel all future cooperation with the seller without communication 【答案】B 【解析】若卖方拒绝合理索赔，买方应补充更详细证据（如补充检验数据）进一步协商，或寻求第三方（如商会、仲裁机构）调解，而非极端处理；A“放弃索赔”、C“公开批评”、D“取消合作”均无法有效解决问题，故B正确。 9.The "claim amount" in a claim letter refers to ( ). A. The total value of the original order B. The amount of compensation the buyer requests from the seller for losses C. The cost of the buyer’s new office equipment D. The seller’s profit from the transaction 【答案】B 【解析】“索赔金额”是买方因卖方违约遭受损失后，向卖方索要的赔偿款项数额；A“原订单总价值”、C“买方新办公设备成本”、D“卖方交易利润”均与索赔金额无关，故B正确。 10.The difference between lodging a claim and complaining about goods is that lodging a claim ( ). A. Only expresses dissatisfaction without requesting solutions B. Focuses on requesting specific compensation or remedies based on breach of contract C. Is sent before the goods are delivered D. Does not require reference to the original contract 【答案】B 【解析】索赔聚焦“基于卖方违约，要求具体赔偿或补救措施”（如赔偿金额、补货），而投诉多仅表达不满，未必提出明确诉求；A“仅表达不满无诉求”是投诉特点，C“交货前发送”、D“不参考合同”均不符合索赔规范，故B正确。 二、词语中译英(本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分) 请将下列外贸商函中常用的中文词语译成英文。 1.索赔函 ________________________ 【答案】claim letter 2.缺陷货物 ________________________ 【答案】defective goods 3.检验报告 ________________________ 【答案】inspection report 4.赔偿金额 ________________________ 【答案】claim amount 5.违约 ________________________ 【答案】breach of contract 三、词语英译中(本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分) 请将下列外贸商函中常用的英文词语译成中文。 1.Claim Letter________________________ 【答案】索赔函 2.Claim Amount________________________ 【答案】索赔金额 3.Claim Evidence________________________ 【答案】索赔证据 4.Claim Settlement________________________ 【答案】索赔解决/理赔 5.Claim Deadline________________________ 【答案】索赔期限 四、句子中译英(本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分) 请将下列外贸商函中常用的中文句子译成英文。 1.我方依据合同号TC202605进口的100箱玩具中，有20箱存在质量缺陷（零件缺失），现特致函提出索赔。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Among the 100 cartons of toys imported under Contract No. TC202605, 20 cartons have quality defects (missing parts). We are writing to lodge a claim. 2.随函附上第三方检验报告（编号：IR20260510）及缺陷玩具照片，证明货物问题，我方要求贵方赔偿5000美元。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We are attaching the third-party inspection report (No.: IR20260510) and photos of the defective toys to prove the goods issue, and we request your company to compensate us $5,000. 3.贵方未按合同约定（2026年5月10日前交货）延迟发货，导致我方错过销售旺季，我方提出索赔3000美元以弥补损失。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Your company failed to deliver the goods on time as agreed in the contract (before May 10, 2026) and delayed the shipment, causing us to miss the sales peak season. We lodge a claim of $3,000 to cover our losses. 五、句子英译中(本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分) 请将下列外贸商备中常用的英文句子译成中文。 1.We are writing to lodge a claim against your company for the 500 sets of electronic components under Contract No. E202604, as 80 sets were found damaged upon receipt. _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】我方特致函就合同号E202604项下的500套电子元件向贵公司提出索赔，因收货时发现其中80套存在损坏。 2.Please settle our claim of $2,000 within 10 working days, which covers the cost of replacing the defective goods. _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】请在10个工作日内赔付我方2000美元，该款项用于弥补缺陷货物的更换成本。 3.We have attached the bill of lading and the inspection report to prove that the goods were delayed by 15 days beyond the contracted delivery date. _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】我方已附上提单和检验报告，证明货物比合同约定交货日期延迟了15天。 六、写作(本大题共1小题，20分) 假设你是美国Toy World Store的采购人员，你公司与中国Kid’s Toy Co., Ltd.签订合同（合同号：KT20260520），进口200箱积木玩具，约定2026年6月1日交货。实际收到货物后，发现30箱积木存在零件缺失问题，且交货延迟了7天。请你写一封索赔函，内容包括： 1.提及合同号、货物及原装货约定； 2.说明货物问题（30箱零件缺失）及延迟交货情况； 3.附上检验报告和问题照片作为证据，要求赔偿2000美元，并请求10天内回复。 【答案仅供参考】 Dear Sir/Madam, We are writing to lodge a claim against your company under Contract No. KT20260520. We imported 200 cartons of building block toys from you, with the contracted delivery date set as June 1, 2026. However, upon receiving the goods, we found 30 cartons had missing parts. Besides, the delivery was delayed by 7 days, which made us miss the local sales peak. To prove these issues, we have attached the inspection report (No.: IR20260610) and photos of the defective toys. We request a compensation of $2,000 to cover our losses. Please give us a reply within 10 working days. If you need more details, feel free to contact us. Sincerely yours, Emily Clark 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$