2026年中考英语语法专项突破—被动语态

语法专项突破—被动语态 考点一 被动语态的用法 被动语态是由“助动词 be过去分词”构成的。被动语态常用于以下场合: (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 如:My bike was stolen yesterday.我的自行车昨天被偷了。(并不知道是谁偷了我的自行车) The knife is used for cutting things.刀是用来切东西的。(不必说明刀子被谁用) (2)强调动作的执行者时,使用“by十执行者”。 如:The pen was used by my father. 这支钢笔是我父亲使用过的。 The seat has been taken by Tom.这座位已被汤姆占了。 注意:只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词(组)如 rise,come,go,take place,happen 等，没有被动语态。 考点二 主动语态变为被动语态的方法 1.主动语态变为被动语态时,通常遵循以下三个步骤: (1)首先把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)再把主动语态的谓语动词改为与其时态相对应的被动形式,且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。 (3)最后将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语,置于句后。“by十宾语”在句中常省略。 请对比下面的主动句和被动句: 主动语态:They(主语) grow(谓语) tea(宾语) 被动语态:Tea(主语) is grown(谓语) by them 2.常考的几种被动结构 “主动语态变被动语态,时态不变动”,即助动词be的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态一致。被动结构 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall be+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are being+过去分词 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 含情态动词的 can/may/must be+过去分词 如:English isn’t spoken by people here. 这儿的人不说英语。 This book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever.雷锋将永远记在我们心中。 Many trees are being cut down now.现在许多树正在被砍伐。 Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.人造卫星已被许多国家发射到太空中去。 All the exercises must be finished before school is over.所有这些习题必须在放学前做完。 考点三 带双宾语的主动语态变被动语态 含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时有两种变法: 1.通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语,“物”的直接宾语保留不变。如: My father gave me a new pen. →We were told a story (by him). →I was given a new pen by my father 2.如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语前有时要加介词 to(在 send, pass, write, give,show,bring等动词之后)或for(在 buy,cook,make,order,choose 等动词之后)。如: My teacher gave me some advice.→Some advice was given to me by my teacher. My father bought me a new watch→A new watch was bought for me by my father 考点四 含复合宾语的主动句变被动句 1.含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时,要将其中的宾语变成主语,宾语补足语不变。如: Jim asked Tom to go for a walk.→Tom was asked by Jim to go for a walk 2.在主动句中,一些感官动词和使役动词,如hear watch, see,feel, notice,listen to,look at,let,make,have和help等后面的宾语补足语是动词不定式时,主动语态中要省去to,但在变为被动语态时,不定式符号to要补上。 感使动词好奇怪,to 来to 去费神猜。主动句里to拿走,被动句中to回来。 如:We often hear her sing in the room→She is often heard to sing in the room(by us). The boss made them work for 16 hours a day.→They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss). 考点五 动词短语的被动形式 许多不及物动词加介词或副词后构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词。在变为被动语态的时候,不能把动词短语分开,也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。如: He always takes care of his sister.→His sister is always taken care of (by him). She turned off the radio→The radio was turned off (by her). 考点六 主动形式表被动意义 在有些情况下,我们要用动词的主动形式来表达被动意义。这些情况主要有以下几种: l.动词 need,want 以及短语 be(well)worth等后常接动名词的主动形式,表示被动含义。如:The room needs cleaning.这屋子需要打扫。 My coat wants washing.我的外衣需要洗。 The piece of music is worth listening to. 这首曲子值得听。 注意:动词need,want后接动名词表被动时，句子的主语为物时,后面的动名词相当于动词不定式的被动结构。如:My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired 2.某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词，如write，wash,sell,read,clean, cook 等, 常和副词 well 或easily 连用, 用主动形式表被动意义。这些动词在这种情况下,一般用作不及物动词。如:The pen writes well. 这支笔写起来流畅。 自我检测 1.Gina went to the doctor's yesterday and she to take medicine on time. A.told B.is told C.was told D.has told 2.Bazhong is a greener city now because more and more trees every year. A.were planted B.are planted C.will be planted D.plant 3.A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they to make their own decisions. A.should allow B.shouldn't allow C.should be allowed D. shouldn't be allowed 4.A new school in the village last year. A.built B.is built C.was built D.has built 5.—Mr.Wang is very famous in our school.—That's for sure. He by reporters tomorrow A.interviews B.interviewed C.is interviewed D.will be interviewed 6.The air pollution is very serious in our city. Something about it now. A.can do B.must do C.was done D.must be done 7.Riding bikes as a good way to exercise.It is good for health. A.considers B.considered C.is considered D.was considered 8.To celebrate the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China, a speech competition in our school last week. A.hold B.held C.is held D.was held 9.Our plan to have a graduation ceremony in the next class meeting. A.was discussed B.will discuss C.is discussed D.will be discussed 10.In 1958.pinyin by Chinese linguist(语言学家) Zhou Youguang and his team A.design B.designed C.is designed D.was designed 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$