2026年中考英语语法专项突破—数词

语法专项突破—数词 考点一基数词的构成 表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。它的构成方式是这样的: 1.1~12为独立的单词,有其各自的形式。 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve 2.13~19都以-tcen结尾,单词中的两个音节都读重音。 thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen 3.20~90之间“整十”都以-ty结尾,单词中的第一个音节重读。 twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety 4.20~99之间的“几十几”,十位和个位之间加连字符。22twenty-two 35 thirty-five 5.101~999 之间的非整百的基数词的读法为:百位数和十位数(或个位数)之间用and连接。如: 156—one hundred and fifty-six 709—seven hundred and nine 6.四位数或四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律为:从右向左每三位为一小节,第一小节前用thousand,第二小节前用million,第三小节前用billion;每小节间留一个字空,读数时从左向右依次读出来。如: 3,895-three thousand,eight hundred and ninety-five; 17 825 437 108-seventeen billion, eight hundred and twenty-five million,four hundred and thirty-seven thousand,one hundred and eight 考点二 基数词的用法 1.表示数量的多少。如:There are twenty-five desks in our class.我们班有25张课桌。 2.表示年份和年龄。如:He was bornin1952.他出生于1952年。 —How old is Molly?莫莉多大了?—She is fifteen years old.她 15 岁。 3.表示时刻。如:—What's the time now?现在几点了?—It's five to four.三点五十五分。 4.表示顺序。基数词表示顺序时,由“单数名词十基数词"构成,此时名词和基数词的第一个字母通常大写。如:Class Three 三班Room Five 5 号房间Lesson Ten 第10 课No.9 Middle School 第9 中学 注意:“单数名词十基数词”可以转换为“the+序数词十单数名词”,此时的名词的第一个字母不大写。如:Lesson Ten = the tenth lesson第10课 5.确数与概数的表达。英语中表示确数的方法为“基数词计数单位的单数(hundred,thousand,million,billion)+名词复数”,表示概数的方法为“计数单位的复数of+名词复数”。如: There are six hundred workers in this factory.这家工厂有600名工人。 Thousands of visitors have come to Hangzhou during the last two weeks.在过去的两周.成千上万的游客来到杭州。 6.“整十”的复数形式可表示几十年代或某人几十多岁时。如: In the 1960s,people had to live a poor life.在20世纪60年代,人们过着贫困的生活。 He invented many things in his twenties. 他在 ?多岁时发明了很多东西, 7.“another十基数词十名词”或“基数词十more+名词”表示在已有基础上再增加一定的数量。如:He ate another two cakes. 他又吃了两块蛋糕. We need one more hour to finish the work.我们还需要一个小时来完成这项工作。 考点三 序数词的构成 基数词的形式 变序数词的规则 举例 一般情况 在基数词后加上-th four fourth 以-t结尾 在基数词后加-h eight eighth 以-e结尾 去e再加-th nine ninth 以-ve结尾 改ve为f,再加-th five fifth 以-ty 结尾的整十数| 改y为ie.再加-th twenty twentieth 20以上的两位数 只变个位数 thirty-two thirty-second 特殊变化 one first,two second.three third 注意:序数词在实际书写运用时,常用缩写形式,缩写形式为“阿拉伯数字十序数词最后面的两个字母”。如:first-lst. twenty-second-22nd: thirty-third 33rd;seventeenth-17th;twenty-sixth-26th。 考点四 序数词的用法 1.表示顺序。序数词表示顺序时,其前需用定冠词the,后面接单数名词。如: The second picture is very beautiful. 第二幅图很美。 The fourth student comes from America.第四个学生来自美国。 2.表示日期中的“日”。如: 2009年7月6日表示为:July 6th,2009.读作:July (the) sixth,two thousand and nine. 3.序数词前也可用不定冠词a(an),表示“再”“又”如: I've tried twice,but I'll try a third time. 我已试过两次了,但我将再试一次。 考点五 分数的表达与用法 1.分数的构成 用英语表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母要用序数词;如果分子大于 1时,分母要用复数。如:1/3 one third;3/4 three fourths;2/5 two fifths。 注意:在英语中,“四分之一”常表示为 a/one quarter;“四分之三”表示为three quarters;“二分之一”表示为a/one half。百分数的表达方式是:基数词十percent+of+名词。如: Thirty percent of the students in my class are from cities.我班30%的学生来自城市。 2.分数的用法 “分数十of+限定词+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词需用复数形式;“分数of限定词+不可数名词/名词单数”作主语时,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。如: One half of the students are from America in this school.这所学校一半学生来自美国。 Two thirds of her money was spent on clothes.她三分之二的钱花在了买衣服上。 自我检测 1.The building has floors and we live on the floor. A.twenty;twentith B.twentith;twenty C.1wentieth;twenty D.twenty;twentieth 2.The words from Page 1 to Page 3 are very clear.But the ones on the page are no1. A.first B.two C.three D.fourth 3.—When is the China Communist Party Day(建党节)?—It's on the day of July. A.one B.first C.once 4.This Saturday is my birthday. A.fourteen B.fourteenth C.forty D.the fortieth 5.Among all 1hese books, of them are for children to read. A three fifth B.three fifths C.threes fifth 6.They worked for days,and finished the task successfully. A.twelve;two B.twelve;second C.twelfth;two D.twelfth;second 7.My mother will beV years old next week.I'm planning to buy a gift for her birthday. A.fourty;fourtieth B.forty;fortiethC.fourty;fortieth D.forty;fourtieth 8.Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful, visitors come here on weekends. A.Hundred B.Hundreds C.Hundred of D.Hundreds of 9.—What's twenty and fifty?—It's . A.fifty B.seventy C.eighty D.ninety 10.—Plenty of people went to America in . —So they did. My grandfather was one of them. He went there in his . A.1990s;thirties B.1990s;thirty C.the 1990s;thirtieth D.the 1990s;thirties 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$