Unit 4 I like music that I can dance to. 定语从句的用法（单元核心语法精练）英语鲁教版五四学制九年级全一册

Unit 4 I like music that I can dance to . 核心语法精练（定语从句的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、句型转换 5 三、完成句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 一、完形填空 7 二、任务型阅读 10 三、短文填空 12 定语从句 · 概述： · 定语从句：在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。在句子中的作用相当于形容词，又称为形容词性从句。 e.g. He is the man who lives next door. e.g. The girl who is talking with my mother is my friend. e.g. I like the dress that my mother bought for me. e.g. The bicycle which he wanted was at least 90＄. · 定语从句的结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句剩余部分 · 知识点1： 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。（一般出现在定语从句之前） e.g. Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage? (the girl为先行词) e.g. He is the man whose car was stolen last night. (the man为先行词) · 知识点2： 关系词（引导词）：引导定语从句的词。根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。 (1) 关系代词：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 关系代词 先行词 成分 who 人 主、宾、表 whom 人 宾 whose 人/物 定 that 人/物 主、宾、表 which 物 主、宾、表 as（高中） 人/物 主、宾、表 e.g. Speaking of the USA, New York is the first thing that comes to mind. (作主语) e.g. Mr. White invited many friends to his party whom/who he respected. (作宾语) e.g. I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards. (作宾语) e.g. You’re the only person whose advice he might listen to. (作定语) e.g. This is the book which you are looking for. (作宾语) e.g. The picture that we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student. (作宾语) 注意：在定语从句中，关系词取代了先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行词。 e.g. This is the right book that you are looking for the book. (应去掉the book) e.g. This is the right book that you are looking for it. (应去掉it) (2) 关系副词：在从句中作状语。 总结：when / where / why --- 在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语 = 介词+which · when 时间状语 先行词：day, time, week, year, period, moment, ;occasion (时机) … when = in/on/at/during which e.g. Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? e.g. April Fool’s Day is the day when people make fun of others. = April Fool’s Day is the day on which people make fun of others. · where 地点状语 先行词：place, house, factory, village … 抽象地点名词：position, stage, situation, case, point, occasion (场合) … where = in/on/at/to which e.g. Finally, we got to a factory where many mobile phones of high quality were produced. e.g. These are the few points where we disagree with each other. = These are the few points at which we disagree with each other. · why 原因状语 先行词：the reason why = for which e.g. I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help. e.g. Is this the reason why she refused our offer? (3) 关系代词 or 关系副词 要点1：看从句谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，用关系代词；不及物动词用关系副词。 e.g. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. e.g. I will never forget the days when I spent the summer holidays in the countryside. e.g. I’ll never forget the days (which/that) I spent in the countryside. 要点2：看定语从句中缺少什么成分。★★★★★ 缺少主宾表定---关系代词；缺少时间/地点/原因状语---关系副词。 e.g. Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born. (where在从句中作地点状语) e.g. He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) · 知识点3：特殊情况 1. 只用that不用which：（先行词指物） 不定代词、序数词、最高级、人+物、the only/the very/the last、避免重复 注意： (1) 不定代词：先行词为all, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, something, little, few, any等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，只能用that。 e.g. Is there anything that you don’t understand? e.g. Tom told his mother all that had happened. (2) 序数词：先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 e.g. The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide. (3) 最高级：先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。 e.g. This is the best book that I have ever read. (4) 人+物：先行词既有人又有物时。 e.g. We often talk about people and things (that) we remember. (5) 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时。 e. g. This is the only book that I can find. (6) 避免重复。 e.g. He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. (7) 以here, there开头的句子，先行词指物时。 e.g. There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank. (8) 当主句是以what或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 e.g. Which is the book that belongs to her? 2. 只用which不用that： (1) 介词+which e.g. The house in which Lu Xun used to live is now a museum. (2) 非限制性定义从句用which e.g. Football, which is a very interesting sport, is played in many countries. (3) 先行词为that, those 时 e.g. What’s that which was out in the car? · 定语从句做题小妙招： 方法1：先行词还原法 e.g. The village _______ I visited last year has changed a lot. 先行词为the village，将先行词还原到定语从句中后为 I visited the village last year. 先行词在从句中作宾语。 方法2：四步分析法 一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处，三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。 e.g. Do you know the man _______ came here yesterday? 先行词为the man，关系词指人且在从句中作主语，故用who/that。 e.g. He brought me the most interesting book _______ I had wanted to buy. 先行词book被形容词最高级修饰，用that。 · 拓展： 1. 关系代词的省略 (1) 可省略：关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语时可省略；关系代词在定语从句中作 表语时可省略；关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词在从句句尾时可省略。 e.g. That’s the girl (whom/who/that) I teach. e.g. The book (that/which) he found on the playground is mine. e.g. John is not the man (that) he was years ago. e.g. This is the pen (that/which) I wrote the letter with. (2) 不可省略：在“介词+关系代词”结构中，不可省略；非限制性定语从句中关系代词 不可省略。 e.g. I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club. e.g. Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher? 一、单项选择 1．Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story _________ I have ever read. A．who B．where C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《愚公移山》是我曾读过的最好的故事。 考查定语从句。根据“Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story …I have ever read.”可知，先行词“story”被最高级“the best”修饰，且关系词代替先行词，在从句中作宾语，关系代词只能用that。故选C。 2．Mr. Smith has just given us a speech ________ was about developing reading skills. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：史密斯先生刚刚给我们做了一个关于培养阅读技巧的演讲。 考查定语从句。which哪一个，指代物；what什么，不引导定语从句；whom谁，宾格，指代人；who谁，主格，指代人。先行词speech指物，因此选择关系代词which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代speech。故选A。 3．We should help those people ________ are in trouble. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该帮助那些陷入困境的人。 考查who引导的定语从句。who先行词指人；which先行词指物；whom先行词指人，且在从句中作宾语；whose先行词与其后的名词存在所属关系。根据“those people…are in trouble”可知，先行词指人，且引导词在定语从句中作主语，应用who来引导。故选A。 4．Don’t you know Neil Armstrong ________ was the first man to walk on the moon? A．which B．whether C．who D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你不知道Neil Armstrong是第一个登上月球的人吗？ 考查连词。which哪一个；whether是否；who谁；/不填。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为指人的“Neil Armstrong”，who符合。故选C。 5．The boy _________ is flying a kite on the playground is my little brother. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在操场上放风筝的那个男孩是我的小弟弟。 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，“... is flying a kite on the playground”是定语从句，修饰先行词The boy，指人，且在从句中作主语，因此用who引导定语从句。故选B。 6．The man ________ I saw in the park yesterday is a famous writer. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我昨天在公园看到的那个人是一位著名的作家。 考查定语从句。who引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词指人；whom引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语，先行词指人；whose引导定语从句时，在从句中作定语，先行词指人或物；which引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词指物。分析题干可知，空处是定语从句的引导词，在从句中作宾语，先行词man指人，在口语中可用who，但是在正式书写语中，应用whom引导此定语从句。故选B。 7．The boy with ________ John is talking is my elder brother. A．whom B．who C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：和约翰说话的那个男孩是我哥哥。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是The boy，关系词在从句中作介词with的宾语，用此处用whom引导定语从句。故选A。 8．The house ________ windows face south is very bright. A．when B．where C．which D．whose 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那个窗户朝南的房子非常明亮。 考查定语从句。when引导定语从句时，先行词在从句中作时间状语；where引导定语从句时，先行词在从句中作地点状语；which引导定语从句时，先行词在从句中作主语、宾语等；whose引导定语从句时，先行词在从句中作定语。本句先行词是“The house”，指物，先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词“windows”，表示所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选D。 9．This is the beautiful town in ________ I grew up. I love it very much. A．what B．where C．which D．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是我长大的美丽小镇。我非常喜欢它。 考查关系代词。what不引导定语从句；where关系副词，作状语；which关系代词，作宾语或主语；that关系代词，作主语或宾语。该句是定语从句，设空处前是介词in，只能填关系代词which作其宾语。in which相当于where，故选C。 10．—What kind of city do you like? —I prefer the city in ________ the people are really kind and friendly. A．that B．which C．where D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你喜欢哪种城市？——我更喜欢人们和蔼友好的城市。 考查定语从句。根据“I prefer the city in ... the people are really kind and friendly.”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词the city在从句中作地点状语，关系词用“where/介词+which”引导定语从句，由于空前有介词in，故此处只能用which。故选B。 11．Do you know the year ________ the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A．which B．that C．when D．on which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你知道中国共产党成立的那一年吗？ 考查定语从句。which哪一个；that那个；when在……时候；on which在这；分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词year在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故选C。 12．Michael will never forget the village ________ he was born. A．that B．which C．what D．where 【答案】D 【详解】句意：迈克尔永远不会忘记他出生的那个村庄。 考查where引导限制性定语从句。这是一个定语从句，先行词是“the village”表示地点，应该用关系副词“where”，在定语从句中作地点状语。故选D。 13．The reason ________ he didn’t come to the party is that he was ill. A．when B．where C．why D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他没有来参加派对的原因是他生病了。 考查why引导的定语从句。when在那时，先行词指时间；where在那里，先行词指地点；why……的原因，先行词是reason；which……的那一个，先行词指物。先行词是“the reason”，在从句“he didn't come to the party”中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导定语从句。故选C。 14．—What a pleasant trip to Yangzhou ! —Yes, I will never forget the friends and places of interest ________ I visited here. A．who B．what C．which D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——多么愉快的扬州之行！——是的，我永远不会忘记我在这里参观过的朋友和名胜。 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，“... I visited here”是定语从句，先行词“the friends and places of interest”是人和物，因此要用that引导定语从句，that可省略。故选D。 15．We are interested in the people and places ________ he described in his letter. A．which B．who C．that D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们对他在信中描述的人和地方感兴趣。 考查定语从句。which关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为物；who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人；that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人或物；where关系副词，引导定语从句，先行词为地点。本句的先行词“the people and places”是人和物，引导词只能用that。故选C。 二、句型转换 1．Jim’s mother is an English teacher. (改为同义句) Jim’s mother is a teacher English. 【答案】 who/that teaches 【详解】句意：吉姆的妈妈是一个教英语的老师。根据句意和提示要求可知，此句是关系代词who/that引导的定语从句。在定语从句中，关系代词who和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，此处先行词是人a teacher，关系代词既可用who，也可以用that。“教英语”英文翻译为teach English，根据题意，应用一般现在时，teacher是单数，所以谓语动词应用三单形式，即teaches。故填who/that；teaches。 2．The movie has a happy ending and I like this kind of movie. (同义句转换) I like a movie a happy ending. 【答案】 that/which has 【详解】句意：这部电影有一个快乐的结局，我喜欢这种电影。分析句子，可改为定语从句，先行词是movie“电影”，指物，关系代词用that/which，作主语。句子时态是一般现在时，先行词“a movie”是单数，that/which后接动词第三人称单数形式。故填that/which；has。 3．He prefers quiet music groups. He prefers music groups . 【答案】 that/which are quiet 【详解】句意：他更喜欢安静的音乐组合。通过观察句子结构可知，缺词部分和单词quiet“安静的”相关。此处表达的是music groups are quiet“音乐团体是安静的”，prefer是谓语，所以判断此处为定语从句，故用that/which指代music groups。故填that/which；are；quiet。 4．To improve our English, we can talk to English-speaking students. To improve our English, we can talk to the students English. 【答案】 who/that speak 【详解】句意：为了提高我们的英语水平，我们可以和说英语的学生交谈。根据题干可知，English-speaking students可以用定语从句来替换，先行词是students，指人，在句中作主语，所以关系词用who/that；“说英语”speak English，主语是复数形式，所以从句谓语用动词原形，故填who/that；speak。 5．The tallest man is our math teacher. He was talking with Jim just now. (合并为一句) The tallest man talking with Jim just now is our math teacher. 【答案】 who/that was 【详解】句意：最高的人是我们的数学老师。他刚才正在与吉姆交谈。可以表达为“目前与吉姆交谈的最高男人是我们的数学老师”，先行词The tallest man指的是人，在定语从句中作主语，用who或that引导定语从句，且根据“He was talking with Jim just now”可知，时态为过去进行时，be动词用was。故填who/that；was。 6．Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. (改为定语从句) Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas in the forests. 【答案】 that/which live 【详解】句意：科学家说，现在生活在森林里的大熊猫不到2000只。分析句子可知pandas是先行词，属于物，关系代词用that或which，引导定语从句；从句时态是一般现在时，主语是指代复数，所以谓语动词用原形live。故填that/which；live。 7．The man in black is their teacher.（改为含有定语从句的句子） The man black clothes is their teacher. 【答案】 who/that wears 【详解】句意：穿黑色衣服的男士是他们的老师。先行词The man指人，作定语从句的主语，所以关系代词可以用who或that。句子是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式wears。故填who/that；wears。 8．The man teaches us English. He comes from Hainan. (改为含有定语从句的句子) The man us English comes from Hainan. 【答案】 who/that teaches 【详解】句意：来自海南的这位男士教我们英语。分析题干，先行词为“the man”，关系代词可用who或that，在句中作主语。结合“comes from”可知，该句时态为一般现在时，从句谓语动词用三单形式。故填who/that；teaches。 9．The people were in danger. The soldiers have saved them. (用that合并句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The soldiers have saved the people that were in danger. 【详解】句意：人们处于危险之中。士兵们救了他们。根据句意可知，“处于危险之中”是用来修饰“人们”的，所以应该做从句，另外一句做主句；先行词“people”指人，应该用指人的关系词who/ that/whom；先行词在从句中作主语，所以应该用who/that，要求用that引导。故填The soldiers have saved the people that were in danger. 10．This is the best film. I have seen the film. (连成含有定语从句的复合句) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the best film that I have seen. 【详解】句意：这是最好的电影。我已经看了这部电影。两个句子中都含有film，因此film是先行词，在从句中作宾语，前面有最高级“best”修饰因此用that引导定语从句。故填This is the best film that I have seen. 三、完成句子 1．莫莉更喜欢在工作之余能帮助他放松的柔和音乐。 Molly smooth music can help him relax at work. 【答案】 prefers that/which 【详解】prefer“更喜欢”，句子应用一般现在时，主语为Molly，谓语应用动词的三单形式；smooth music为名词短语，后接定语从句，smooth music是先行词，指物，关系代词用that或which，在从句中作主语。故填prefers；that/which。 2．中国是第三个将人送入太空的国家。 China is the third nation a person into space. 【答案】 that sent 【详解】根据“China is the third nation ... a person into space.”可知，此句含有定语从句，先行词是物，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词被序数词修饰，应该用that引导定语从句；send“送入”，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填that；sent。 3．我喜欢能跟着唱的音乐。 I like music I can . 【答案】 that/which sing along with 【详解】由汉语和所给的英语翻译可知，这里是定语从句，先行词是music，是物，关系词用 that 或 which。“跟着唱”译成：sing along with。故填that/which；sing；along；with。 4．我喜欢伤感的电影。 I like movies sad. 【答案】 that/which are 【详解】对照中英文，该句是定语从句，且是一般现在时。主语是“moves”，且是复数，在从句中作主语，that/which适合作为关系代词；从句缺系动词，填are。故填that/which；are。 5．我喜欢吃甜食。 I enjoy food sweet. 【答案】 that/which is 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，英文句子应包含定语从句，第一空是从句的引导词，在从句中充当主语，先行词是food，指物，所以可用that或which引导此定语从句；从句应采用“主系表”结构，根据“I enjoy food”可知，从句应用一般现在时，从句主语指代不可数名词food，所以应用be动词is。故填that/which；is。 一、完形填空 Good evening, everyone. Today’s program is about music. The word “music” comes from the word “muse” in Greek. The Muses are the goddesses of the arts. Music is only one of the 1 . It is like the spoken language, 2 it uses sounds. The program today brings together music from 3 corners of the world. Who invented music? Who sang the 4 song? No one knows 5 the answers to these questions. But we know that music 6 an important part in almost everyone’s life. Babies and young 7 love to hear people singing to them. When they are a little older, they like to sing the songs they have 8 . When children go to school, 9 world of music grows. In the middle grades students take music lessons. 10 they reach high school, they become interested in listening to pop music. The records we have chosen for you today are from American country music, Indian music, pop music and so on. Music has 11 for everyone. It can make people happy or it can make them 12 . In this program 13 shall study the language of music. We shall be trying to 14 more about how music works. We shall try to find out how music says what people feel. Now, here comes the music today. I shall explain 15 why they are all good music. 1．A．sports B．arts C．jobs D．lessons 2．A．so B．if C．but D．because 3．A．same B．different C．difficult D．easy 4．A．first B．last C．best D．farthest 5．A．quickly B．happily C．carefully D．exactly 6．A．runs B．plays C．takes D．helps 7．A．teachers B．men C．women D．children 8．A．heard B．seen C．read D．written 9．A．our B．your C．their D．theirs 10．A．When B．Before C．Although D．Since 11．A．hobby B．meaning C．interest D．trouble 12．A．satisfied B．excited C．sad D．pleased 13．A．we B．you C．they D．one 14．A．look out B．put out C．sell out D．find out 15．A．luckily B．gradually C．angrily D．successfully 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。是一档音乐节目的内容，探讨音乐的起源以及音乐对人们生活的影响。 1．句意：音乐只是艺术的一种。 sports运动；arts艺术；jobs工作；lessons课程。根据上文“The Muses are the goddesses of the arts”可知，音乐是艺术的一种形式。故选B。 2．句意：它就像口语一样，但它使用声调。 so因此；if如果；but但是；because因为。结合常识可知，音乐虽然像口语一样是有声语言，但是它有声调，有韵律。所以此处应该是转折关系。故选C。 3．句意：今天的节目汇集了来自世界各地不同的音乐。 same相同的；different不同的；difficult困难的；easy容易的。根据“The program today brings together music from…corners of the world”可知，音乐节目是汇集世界各个角落的音乐，根据常识可知，这些音乐是不同的。故选B。 4．句意：谁唱的第一首歌？ first第一；last最后；best最好的；farthest最远的。根据“Who invented music?”此处是在追溯音乐的起源，此处指唱第一首歌的人。故选A。 5．句意：没有人准确地知道这些问题的答案。 quickly迅速的；happily高兴地；carefully认真地；exactly准确地。根据“No one knows…the answers to these questions.”可知，此空缺的成分是副词，修饰动词“know”知道，结合选项可知，应是“准确地”exactly。故选D。 6．句意：但我们知道，音乐在几乎每个人的生活中都是重要的一部分。 runs跑步；plays发挥作用；takes拿走；helps帮助。根据“But we know that music…an important part in almost everyone’s life.”可知，本句考查固定短语“发挥作用、有影响”play a part in。故选B。 7．句意：婴儿和小孩子们喜欢听别人唱歌给他们听。 teachers老师；men男人；women女人；children孩子们。根据“When they are a little older”可知，与“Babies”并列的应是“小孩子们”。故选D。 8．句意：当他们稍微大一点的时候，他们喜欢唱他们听过的歌曲。 heard听到；seen看见；read读；written写。根据“When they are a little older, they like to sing the songs they have…”以及结合选项可知，他们大一点的时候，他们应该是喜欢唱听过的歌曲。故选A。 9．句意：当孩子们上学的时候，他们的音乐世界就在成长。 our我们的；your你的；their他们的；theirs他们的。根据“When children go to school, …world of music grows.”可知，从句的主语是“children”，则对应的主句的主语应是“他们的音乐世界”，此处需用形容词性的物主代词their修饰其后的名词“world”。故选C。 10．句意：当他们到了高中的时候，他们开始对听流行音乐感兴趣。 When当……时候；Before在……之前；Although尽管；Since自从。根据上文可知，在此处作者用了排比句，当孩子们小的时候、长大一点的时候、去学校了、上中学了、上高中了， 来描述音乐世界的成长变化。本空也需用when来连接前后句子。故选A。 11．句意：音乐对每个人来说都是有意义的。 hobby爱好；meaning有意义；interest兴趣；trouble麻烦。根据“It can make people happy or it can make them…”可知，音乐可以让人快乐，可见它对于我们是有意义的。故选B。 12．句意：它可以让人快乐，也可以让人难过。 satisfied满意的；excited兴奋的；sad难过的；pleased高兴的。根据“It can make people happy or it can make them…”可知，本句中用“or”并列的应是“happy”和“难过的”sad。故选C。 13．句意：在这个节目中我们会学习音乐的语言。 we我们；you你们；they他们；one一个。根据“In this program…shall study the language of music”可知，本句是节目主持人说的话，应用第一人称。故选A。 14．句意：我们将更多地探讨音乐是如何运作的。 look out当心；put out扑灭；sell out卖光；find out弄清。根据“We shall be trying to…more about how music works”以及结合选项可知，此处表达的应是探讨音乐是如何运作的。故选D。 15．句意：我将逐步地解释为什么它们都是好音乐。 luckily幸运地；gradually逐步地；angrily生气地；successfully成功地。根据“We shall be trying to…more about how music works”可知，此处缺的成分是副词，修饰“explain”解释，结合选项可知，应是“逐步地解释”，需用gradually。故选B。 二、任务型阅读 阅读下列短文，根据其内容，将表中信息补充完整。 There are many different kinds of music in the world. Now let’s study some of them. ◉Classical music Classical music is a form of music which needs high musical skills. If you want to learn this kind of music, you have to go through proper training. ◉Heavy metal music Heavy metal music came out after World War II. The melody (旋律) of the song is heavily influenced by the structure of it. It is also known as “information music”. In heavy metal music, songwriting is based on a form. ◉Hip-hop music This kind of music always includes the use of instruments such as the guitar, violin, piano, bass (低音电吉他), drums and so on. In this kind of music, the bass is the main instrument. It was first played by a group of traveling singers and poets of West Africa. ◉Opera music It first appeared in Italy in the 1600s. It has a great mixture of theatrical (戏剧的) art and musical invention and is used in theaters. ◉Jazz music This kind of music has strong and complex melodies. The main musical instruments are the comet, trumpet and violin, which help carry the melody. Besides these, there are many other kinds of music such as the blues, new-age music, Celtic music, religious music, and chamber music(室内乐). Different kinds of music Classical music It needs 16 Heavy metal music It comes out after 17 Hip-pop music It was first played by a group of 18 of West Africa. Opera music It first appeared in 19 in the 1600s. 20 It has strong and complex melodies. Other kinds of music such as the blues, new-age music... 【答案】16．high musical skills 17．World War II 18．traveling singers and poets 19．Italy 20．Jazz music 【解析】本文主要介绍了世界上各种不同的音乐。 16．根据“ Classical music is a form of music which needs high musical skills”可知，古典音乐需要很高音乐技巧，故填high musical skills。 17．根据“Heavy metal music came out after World War II”可知，重金属音乐出现在第二次世界大战后，故填World War II。 18．根据“It was first played by a group of traveling singers and poets of West Africa”可知，它最初是由一群西非旅行歌手和诗人演奏的，故填traveling singers and poets。 19．根据“It first appeared in Italy in the 1600s”可知，戏曲音乐最早出现在17世纪的意大利，故填Italy。 20．根据“Jazz music”及“This kind of music has strong and complex melodies”可知，爵士乐旋律强烈而复杂，故填Jazz music。 三、短文填空 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空, 使短文内容完整、正确。 Last night I went to a concert of Chinese folk music with my Chinese friends. A piece of music 21 (name) Erquan Yingyue (Moon Reflected on Second Spring) deeply moved me. It was one of 22 (move) pieces of music I’ve ever heard. It sounded so sad that I almost cried along with it as I listened. Later I got to know the music 23 (write) by a folk musician Abing. Today it has become one of China’s national treasures. However, the road to his success was not easy. His mother 24 (die) when he was young. His father taught him 25 (play) many musical instruments. By age 17, he was known for his talent in music. 26 (luck), his father died. What was worse, he developed a serious illness and became blind. He had no 27 (choose) but to perform on the streets to make money. He was popular because of his excellent skills during his lifetime. He played and wrote many pieces of music. When we listen to his music, we can feel the beauty and 28 (sad) in it. It makes us think about the wounds and pain we 29 (experience). For this reason, many people praise 30 (he) as the musician who has greatly influenced erhu music. So it’s really a pity that not many pieces of his music were recorded. 【答案】 21．named 22．the most moving 23．was written 24．died 25．to play 26．Unluckily 27．choice 28．sadness 29．have experienced 30．him 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了中国著名的民间艺人阿炳的一生, 以及其代表作《二泉映月》。 21．句意:一首名叫《二泉映月》的音乐深深地打动了我。过去分词named作为后置定语,修饰music。故填named。 22．句意:这是我听过的最动人的音乐之一。根据结构one of+the+最高级+名词复数“最……的……之一”可知此处应用形容词最高级，move的形容词形式为moving“感人的”。故填the most moving。 23．句意:后来我知道这首曲子是一位民间音乐家阿炳写的。主语“the music”是动词write的承受者,结合“got”可知此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was written。 24．句意:他年轻时母亲去世了。结合“when he was young”可知应用一般过去时,应填die的过去式died。故填died。 25．句意:他父亲教他演奏许多乐器。根据动词词组teach sb to do“教某人做某事”可知此处应用动词的不定式作宾语补足语。故填to play。 26．句意:不幸的是,他的父亲去世了。根据“his father died”可知此处应用副词修饰整个句子且表示“不幸地”，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Unluckily。 27．句意:他别无选择, 只能在街上表演赚钱。根据“have no”和“but to do”可知此处应用词组have no choice but to do“除了做某事没有选择”。故填choice。 28．句意:当我们听他的音乐时,我们可以感受到其中的美丽和悲伤。根据“beauty”可知此处应用名词做并列成分，sad的名词形式为sadness。故填sadness。 29．句意:它让我们想到我们所经历的创伤和痛苦。根据语境分析可知，此处应用现在完成时,结构为have/has+动词的过去分词；又因主语是“we”，此处应填have experienced。故填have experienced。 30．句意: 因此,许多人都称赞他是对二胡音乐产生巨大影响的音乐家。根据动词“praise”可知后面应用人称代词的宾格形式，he的宾格形式为him。故填him。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 I like music that I can dance to . 核心语法精练（定语从句的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、句型转换 5 三、完成句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 一、完形填空 7 二、任务型阅读 10 三、短文填空 12 定语从句 · 概述： · 定语从句：在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。在句子中的作用相当于形容词，又称为形容词性从句。 e.g. He is the man who lives next door. e.g. The girl who is talking with my mother is my friend. e.g. I like the dress that my mother bought for me. e.g. The bicycle which he wanted was at least 90＄. · 定语从句的结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句剩余部分 · 知识点1： 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。（一般出现在定语从句之前） e.g. Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage? (the girl为先行词) e.g. He is the man whose car was stolen last night. (the man为先行词) · 知识点2： 关系词（引导词）：引导定语从句的词。根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。 (1) 关系代词：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 关系代词 先行词 成分 who 人 主、宾、表 whom 人 宾 whose 人/物 定 that 人/物 主、宾、表 which 物 主、宾、表 as（高中） 人/物 主、宾、表 e.g. Speaking of the USA, New York is the first thing that comes to mind. (作主语) e.g. Mr. White invited many friends to his party whom/who he respected. (作宾语) e.g. I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards. (作宾语) e.g. You’re the only person whose advice he might listen to. (作定语) e.g. This is the book which you are looking for. (作宾语) e.g. The picture that we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student. (作宾语) 注意：在定语从句中，关系词取代了先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行词。 e.g. This is the right book that you are looking for the book. (应去掉the book) e.g. This is the right book that you are looking for it. (应去掉it) (2) 关系副词：在从句中作状语。 总结：when / where / why --- 在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语 = 介词+which · when 时间状语 先行词：day, time, week, year, period, moment, ;occasion (时机) … when = in/on/at/during which e.g. Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? e.g. April Fool’s Day is the day when people make fun of others. = April Fool’s Day is the day on which people make fun of others. · where 地点状语 先行词：place, house, factory, village … 抽象地点名词：position, stage, situation, case, point, occasion (场合) … where = in/on/at/to which e.g. Finally, we got to a factory where many mobile phones of high quality were produced. e.g. These are the few points where we disagree with each other. = These are the few points at which we disagree with each other. · why 原因状语 先行词：the reason why = for which e.g. I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help. e.g. Is this the reason why she refused our offer? (3) 关系代词 or 关系副词 要点1：看从句谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，用关系代词；不及物动词用关系副词。 e.g. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. e.g. I will never forget the days when I spent the summer holidays in the countryside. e.g. I’ll never forget the days (which/that) I spent in the countryside. 要点2：看定语从句中缺少什么成分。★★★★★ 缺少主宾表定---关系代词；缺少时间/地点/原因状语---关系副词。 e.g. Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born. (where在从句中作地点状语) e.g. He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) · 知识点3：特殊情况 1. 只用that不用which：（先行词指物） 不定代词、序数词、最高级、人+物、the only/the very/the last、避免重复 注意： (1) 不定代词：先行词为all, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, something, little, few, any等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，只能用that。 e.g. Is there anything that you don’t understand? e.g. Tom told his mother all that had happened. (2) 序数词：先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 e.g. The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide. (3) 最高级：先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。 e.g. This is the best book that I have ever read. (4) 人+物：先行词既有人又有物时。 e.g. We often talk about people and things (that) we remember. (5) 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时。 e. g. This is the only book that I can find. (6) 避免重复。 e.g. He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. (7) 以here, there开头的句子，先行词指物时。 e.g. There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank. (8) 当主句是以what或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 e.g. Which is the book that belongs to her? 2. 只用which不用that： (1) 介词+which e.g. The house in which Lu Xun used to live is now a museum. (2) 非限制性定义从句用which e.g. Football, which is a very interesting sport, is played in many countries. (3) 先行词为that, those 时 e.g. What’s that which was out in the car? · 定语从句做题小妙招： 方法1：先行词还原法 e.g. The village _______ I visited last year has changed a lot. 先行词为the village，将先行词还原到定语从句中后为 I visited the village last year. 先行词在从句中作宾语。 方法2：四步分析法 一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处，三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。 e.g. Do you know the man _______ came here yesterday? 先行词为the man，关系词指人且在从句中作主语，故用who/that。 e.g. He brought me the most interesting book _______ I had wanted to buy. 先行词book被形容词最高级修饰，用that。 · 拓展： 1. 关系代词的省略 (1) 可省略：关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语时可省略；关系代词在定语从句中作 表语时可省略；关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词在从句句尾时可省略。 e.g. That’s the girl (whom/who/that) I teach. e.g. The book (that/which) he found on the playground is mine. e.g. John is not the man (that) he was years ago. e.g. This is the pen (that/which) I wrote the letter with. (2) 不可省略：在“介词+关系代词”结构中，不可省略；非限制性定语从句中关系代词 不可省略。 e.g. I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club. e.g. Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher? 一、单项选择 1．Yu Gong Moves a Mountain is the best story _________ I have ever read. A．who B．where C．that D．what 2．Mr. Smith has just given us a speech ________ was about developing reading skills. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 3．We should help those people ________ are in trouble. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 4．Don’t you know Neil Armstrong ________ was the first man to walk on the moon? A．which B．whether C．who D．/ 5．The boy _________ is flying a kite on the playground is my little brother. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 6．The man ________ I saw in the park yesterday is a famous writer. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 7．The boy with ________ John is talking is my elder brother. A．whom B．who C．that D．which 8．The house ________ windows face south is very bright. A．when B．where C．which D．whose 9．This is the beautiful town in ________ I grew up. I love it very much. A．what B．where C．which D．that 10．—What kind of city do you like? —I prefer the city in ________ the people are really kind and friendly. A．that B．which C．where D．what 11．Do you know the year ________ the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A．which B．that C．when D．on which 12．Michael will never forget the village ________ he was born. A．that B．which C．what D．where 13．The reason ________ he didn’t come to the party is that he was ill. A．when B．where C．why D．which 14．—What a pleasant trip to Yangzhou ! —Yes, I will never forget the friends and places of interest ________ I visited here. A．who B．what C．which D．/ 15．We are interested in the people and places ________ he described in his letter. A．which B．who C．that D．where 二、句型转换 1．Jim’s mother is an English teacher. (改为同义句) Jim’s mother is a teacher English. 2．The movie has a happy ending and I like this kind of movie. (同义句转换) I like a movie a happy ending. 3．He prefers quiet music groups. He prefers music groups . 4．To improve our English, we can talk to English-speaking students. To improve our English, we can talk to the students English. 5．The tallest man is our math teacher. He was talking with Jim just now. (合并为一句) The tallest man talking with Jim just now is our math teacher. 6．Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. (改为定语从句) Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas in the forests. 7．The man in black is their teacher.（改为含有定语从句的句子） The man black clothes is their teacher. 8．The man teaches us English. He comes from Hainan. (改为含有定语从句的句子) The man us English comes from Hainan. 9．The people were in danger. The soldiers have saved them. (用that合并句子) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 10．This is the best film. I have seen the film. (连成含有定语从句的复合句) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、完成句子 1．莫莉更喜欢在工作之余能帮助他放松的柔和音乐。 Molly smooth music can help him relax at work. 2．中国是第三个将人送入太空的国家。 China is the third nation a person into space. 3．我喜欢能跟着唱的音乐。 I like music I can . 4．我喜欢伤感的电影。 I like movies sad. 5．我喜欢吃甜食。 I enjoy food sweet. 一、完形填空 Good evening, everyone. Today’s program is about music. The word “music” comes from the word “muse” in Greek. The Muses are the goddesses of the arts. Music is only one of the 1 . It is like the spoken language, 2 it uses sounds. The program today brings together music from 3 corners of the world. Who invented music? Who sang the 4 song? No one knows 5 the answers to these questions. But we know that music 6 an important part in almost everyone’s life. Babies and young 7 love to hear people singing to them. When they are a little older, they like to sing the songs they have 8 . When children go to school, 9 world of music grows. In the middle grades students take music lessons. 10 they reach high school, they become interested in listening to pop music. The records we have chosen for you today are from American country music, Indian music, pop music and so on. Music has 11 for everyone. It can make people happy or it can make them 12 . In this program 13 shall study the language of music. We shall be trying to 14 more about how music works. We shall try to find out how music says what people feel. Now, here comes the music today. I shall explain 15 why they are all good music. 1．A．sports B．arts C．jobs D．lessons 2．A．so B．if C．but D．because 3．A．same B．different C．difficult D．easy 4．A．first B．last C．best D．farthest 5．A．quickly B．happily C．carefully D．exactly 6．A．runs B．plays C．takes D．helps 7．A．teachers B．men C．women D．children 8．A．heard B．seen C．read D．written 9．A．our B．your C．their D．theirs 10．A．When B．Before C．Although D．Since 11．A．hobby B．meaning C．interest D．trouble 12．A．satisfied B．excited C．sad D．pleased 13．A．we B．you C．they D．one 14．A．look out B．put out C．sell out D．find out 15．A．luckily B．gradually C．angrily D．successfully 二、任务型阅读 阅读下列短文，根据其内容，将表中信息补充完整。 There are many different kinds of music in the world. Now let’s study some of them. ◉Classical music Classical music is a form of music which needs high musical skills. If you want to learn this kind of music, you have to go through proper training. ◉Heavy metal music Heavy metal music came out after World War II. The melody (旋律) of the song is heavily influenced by the structure of it. It is also known as “information music”. In heavy metal music, songwriting is based on a form. ◉Hip-hop music This kind of music always includes the use of instruments such as the guitar, violin, piano, bass (低音电吉他), drums and so on. In this kind of music, the bass is the main instrument. It was first played by a group of traveling singers and poets of West Africa. ◉Opera music It first appeared in Italy in the 1600s. It has a great mixture of theatrical (戏剧的) art and musical invention and is used in theaters. ◉Jazz music This kind of music has strong and complex melodies. The main musical instruments are the comet, trumpet and violin, which help carry the melody. Besides these, there are many other kinds of music such as the blues, new-age music, Celtic music, religious music, and chamber music(室内乐). Different kinds of music Classical music It needs 16 Heavy metal music It comes out after 17 Hip-pop music It was first played by a group of 18 of West Africa. Opera music It first appeared in 19 in the 1600s. 20 It has strong and complex melodies. Other kinds of music such as the blues, new-age music... 三、短文填空 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空, 使短文内容完整、正确。 Last night I went to a concert of Chinese folk music with my Chinese friends. A piece of music 21 (name) Erquan Yingyue (Moon Reflected on Second Spring) deeply moved me. It was one of 22 (move) pieces of music I’ve ever heard. It sounded so sad that I almost cried along with it as I listened. Later I got to know the music 23 (write) by a folk musician Abing. Today it has become one of China’s national treasures. However, the road to his success was not easy. His mother 24 (die) when he was young. His father taught him 25 (play) many musical instruments. By age 17, he was known for his talent in music. 26 (luck), his father died. What was worse, he developed a serious illness and became blind. He had no 27 (choose) but to perform on the streets to make money. He was popular because of his excellent skills during his lifetime. He played and wrote many pieces of music. When we listen to his music, we can feel the beauty and 28 (sad) in it. It makes us think about the wounds and pain we 29 (experience). For this reason, many people praise 30 (he) as the musician who has greatly influenced erhu music. So it’s really a pity that not many pieces of his music were recorded. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$